Public education in Oregon

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K-12 education in Oregon

Education facts

State superintendent: Charlene Williams

Number of students: 581,849

Number of teachers: 29,799

Teacher/pupil ratio: 1:19.5

Number of school districts: 197

Number of schools: 1,246

Graduation rate: 80%

Per-pupil spending: $12,855

See also

Oregon Department of Education • List of school districts in Oregon • Oregon • School boards portal

Public education in the United States Public education in Oregon Glossary of education terms

Note: These statistics are mainly from government sources, including the U.S. Census Bureau and the National Center for Education Statistics. Figures given were the most recent as of October 2022.

The Oregon public school system (prekindergarten through grade 12) operates within districts governed by locally elected school boards and superintendents. In 2013 Oregon had 587,564 students enrolled in a total of 1,251 schools in 220 school districts. There were 26,410 teachers in the public schools, or roughly one teacher for every 22 students, compared to the national average of 1:16. There was roughly one administrator for every 390 students, compared to the national average of one administrator for every 295 students. On average Oregon spent $9,543 per pupil in 2013, which ranked it 32nd highest in the nation. The state's graduation rate was 68.7 percent in 2013.

HIGHLIGHTS

Among the 50 states, Oregon had the lowest graduation rate in the country during the 2012-2013 school year, 68.7 percent. Only Washington, D.C.'s rate was lower at 62.3 percent.

Common Core

Common Core, or the Common Core State Standards Initiative, is an American education initiative that outlines quantifiable benchmarks in English and mathematics at each grade level from kindergarten through high school. The Oregon State Board of Education adopted the standards on October 29, 2010. Full implementation was scheduled to be achieved in the 2014-2015 academic year.

In May 2015 Oregon Gov. Kate Brown (D) signed House Bill 2680 into law. The law delayed the state's ability to rate schools based on statewide standardized assessments, which are aligned with Common Core standards.

A month later, the Oregon State Senate passed House Bill 2655, which allowed parents to opt their children out of Common Core-aligned testing for any reason. The bill also protected schools and school districts from any consequences related to having a large number of students opt out of testing by requiring the state to publish two performance ratings. One would follow the regular model that requires 95 percent of students be tested, and the second would rate the school without any penalties based on the results of those who did take the test. The state received a warning from the federal government that such a bill could jeopardize Oregon's federal education funding, but those who voted in favor of the bill said they doubted the federal government would withhold any money. Assistant U.S. Secretary of Education Deborah Delisle said the bill was one of the most extreme opt-out measures in the country.

Despite public opposition, at least 24 universities in Oregon were known to use Common Core test results when determining class placements for incoming students as of April 2015.

General information

See also: General comparison table for education statistics in the 50 states and Education spending per pupil in all 50 states

The following chart shows how Oregon compared to three neighboring states with respect to the number of students, schools, teachers per pupil and administrators per pupil for the 2012-2013 school year. The chart also displays that information at the national level. During the 2012-2013 school year, Oregon had the second highest per pupil spending when compared to surrounding states, $9,543.

Further comparisons between these states with respect to performance and financial information are given in other sections of this page.

Regional comparison, 2012-2013
State	Schools	Districts	Students	Teachers	Teacher to pupil ratio	Admin. to pupil ratio	Per pupil spending*
Oregon	1,251	220	587,564	26,410	1:22.2	1:389.2	$9,543
California	10,315	1,181	6,299,451	266,255	1:23.7	1:385.4	$9,220
Idaho	719	149	284,834	14,563	1:19.6	1:447.8	$6,791
Washington	2,370	322	1,051,694	53,699	1:19.6	1:368.7	$9,672
United States	98,454	18,093	49,771,118	3,109,101	1:16	1:294.1	$10,700
*Per pupil spending data reflects information reported for fiscal year 2013. Sources: National Center for Education Statistics, "Table 2 - Number of operating public schools and districts, state enrollment, teacher, and pupil teacher ratio, by state: School year 2012–13" United States Census Bureau, "Public Education Finances: 2013 (Table 20)"

Note: In comparing dollar amounts across the states, it is important to note that the cost of living can from state to state and within a state. The amounts given on this page have not been adjusted to reflect these differences. For more information on "regional price disparities" and the Consumer Price Index, see the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

Schools by type

See also: Number of schools by school type in the United States

Of the 98,454 schools in the United States, 89,031 were classified as regular schools. After regular schools, magnet schools and charter schools were the most prevalent non-traditional schools in the country, at 6,079 and 5,986, respectively.

The table below breaks down each of the different types of schools in Oregon and nearby states. Also listed are the numbers of schools in each state that are classified as "Title I" schools. These are public schools that have been specially targeted to correct achievement gaps in public schools.

In Oregon, there were 1,211 regular schools as of 2013. Charter schools were the second most prevalent type of school in the state, with 123 schools classified as such.

Number of schools by type, 2012-2013
State	Total schools	Regular	Special education	Vocational	Alternative	Charter	Magnet	Title I
Oregon	1,251	1,211	2	0	38	123	†	574
California	10,315	8,786	149	87	1,293	1,085	421	7,155
Idaho	719	629	11	10	69	47	19	570
Washington	2,370	1,932	98	18	322	†	†	1,579
United States	98,454	89,031	2,034	1,403	5,986	6,079	3,151	68,140
† Not applicable. Some states/jurisdictions do not have charter school authorization and some states/jurisdictions do not designate magnet schools. ‡ Reporting standards were not met due to data that were missing for more than 20 percent of schools in the state or jurisdiction. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey," SY 2012–13 Provisional Version 1a

Demographics

See also: Demographic information for all students in all 50 states

The following table displays the ethnic distribution of students in Oregon as reported in the National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data for 2012-2013.

During the 2012-2013 school year, just over half of all students in K-12 public schools nationwide were white. About a quarter of the students in the country were Hispanic, with black students making up about 16 percent of the student population.

In Oregon, the majority of students were white. White students totaled 378,737, which was about 64.5 percent of the student population in the state. There were 129,076 Hispanic students in Oregon, amounting to about 22 percent of the student population.

Public education enrollment by race/ethnicity, 2012-2013
State	Pop. category	Am. Indian /Alaska Nat.	Asian	Black	Hawaiian /Pac. Islander	Hispanic	White	Two or more races
Oregon	Number	9,917	22,827	14,630	3,866	129,076	378,737	28,511
	Percentage	1.69%	3.89%	2.49%	0.66%	21.97%	64.46%	4.85%
California	Number	40,641	691,712	394,562	33,975	3,281,066	1,589,297	193,838
	Percentage	0.65%	11.11%	6.34%	0.55%	52.71%	25.53%	3.11%
Idaho	Number	3,683	3,730	2,878	938	47,113	221,283	5,209
	Percentage	1.29%	1.31%	1.01%	0.33%	16.54%	77.69%	1.83%
Washington	Number	15,210	75,407	48,381	9,685	214,077	622,485	66,449
	Percentage	1.45%	7.17%	4.6%	0.92%	20.36%	59.19%	6.32%
United States	Number	533,098	2,363,484	7,798,560	179,935	12,064,310	25,366,857	1,390,514
	Percentage**	1.07%	4.76%	15.69%	0.36%	24.28%	51.04%	2.80%
**Note: This is the percentage of all students in the United States that are reported to be of this ethnicity. Source: United States Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, "Common Core of Data (CCD), State Nonfiscal Public Elementary/Secondary Education Survey, 2012-2013"

Enrollments by region type

See also: Student distribution by region type in the United States

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, about 30 percent of all public school students in the country attended city schools during the 2012-2013 school year. About 40 percent attended suburban schools. Approximately 11.5 percent of all students attended schools in towns, while about 18.7 percent attended rural schools.

A plurality of students in Oregon attended city schools during the 2012-2013 school year. Approximately 61.8 percent of the state's students attended city or suburban schools, compared to the approximately 38.2 percent who attended rural or town schools.

Student distribution by region type, 2012-2013 (as percents)
State	City schools	Suburban schools	Town schools	Rural schools
Oregon	34.6%	27.2%	24.1%	14.1%
California	42.6%	46.2%	5.7%	5.5%
Idaho	23.9%	27.3%	24.5%	24.3%
Washington	32.5%	42.6%	12.7%	12.1%
U.S. averages	30%	39.8%	11.5%	18.7%
Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey, SY 2012–13 Provisional Version 1a"

Academic performance

Education terms
For more information on education policy terms, see this article.
School board elections portal Glossary of education terms School choice on the ballot Education on the ballot

NAEP scores

See also: NAEP scores by state

The National Center for Education Statistics provides state-by-state data on student achievement levels in mathematics and reading in the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The table below presents the percentage of fourth and eighth grade students that scored at or above proficient in reading and math during school year 2012-2013. Compared to three neighboring states, students in Oregon scored below those in Washington, about on par with those in Idaho, and above those in California. The best scores in the state were earned by fourth graders in math, with 40 percent scoring at or above proficient.

Percent of students scoring at or above proficient, 2012-2013
	Math - Grade 4	Math - Grade 8	Reading - Grade 4	Reading - Grade 8
Oregon	40%	34%	33%	37%
California	33%	28%	27%	29%
Idaho	40%	36%	33%	38%
Washington	48%	42%	40%	42%
United States	41%	34%	34%	34%
Source: United States Department of Education, ED Data Express, "State Tables"

Graduation, ACT and SAT scores

See also: Graduation rates by groups in state and ACT and SAT scores in the United States

The following table shows the graduation rates and average composite ACT and SAT scores for Oregon and surrounding states during the 2012-2013 school year. All statements made in this section refer to that school year.

In the United States, public schools reported graduation rates that averaged to about 81.4 percent. About 54 percent of all students in the country took the ACT, while 50 percent reported taking the SAT. The average national composite scores for those tests were 20.9 out of a possible 36 for the ACT, and 1498 out of a possible 2400 for the SAT.

Oregon schools reported a graduation rate of 68.7 percent, second lowest in the country in 2013.

In Oregon, more students took the SAT than the ACT, earning an average SAT score of 1539.

Comparison table for graduation rates and test scores, 2012-2013
State	Graduation rate, 2013		Average ACT composite, 2013		Average SAT composite, 2013
	Percent	Quintile ranking**	Score	Participation rate	Score	Participation rate
Oregon	68.7%	Fifth	21.5	34%	1539	49%
California	80.4%	Third	22.2	26%	1505	57%
Idaho	N/A	N/A	22.1	49%	1364	99%
Washington	76.4%	Fourth	22.8	21%	1537	60%
United States	81.4%		20.9	54%	1498	50%
**Graduation rates for states in the first quintile ranked in the top 20 percent nationally. Similarly, graduation rates for states in the fifth quintile ranked in the bottom 20 percent nationally. Sources: United States Department of Education, "ED Data Express" ACT.org, "2013 ACT National and State Scores" The Commonwealth Foundation, "SAT scores by state, 2013"

Dropout rate

See also: Public high school dropout rates by state for a full comparison of dropout rates by group in all states

The high school event dropout rate indicates the proportion of students who were enrolled at some time during the school year and were expected to be enrolled in grades nine through 12 in the following school year but were not enrolled by October 1 of the following school year. Students who have graduated, transferred to another school, died, moved to another country, or who are out of school due to illness are not considered dropouts. The average public high school event dropout rate for the United States remained constant at 3.3 percent for both school year 2010–2011 and school year 2011–2012. The event dropout rate for Oregon was lower than the national average at 3.2 percent in the 2010-2011 school year. The dropout rate was higher than the national average at 3.4 percent in the 2011-2012 school year.

Educational choice options

See also: School choice in Oregon

School choice options in Oregon included charter schools, inter-district open enrollment policies and online learning programs. In addition, about 8.62 percent of school-age children in the state attended private schools in the 2011-2012 academic year, and an estimated 2.67 percent were homeschooled in 2012-2013.

Education funding and expenditures

See also: Oregon state budget and finances

Breakdown of expenditures by function in fiscal year 2013
Source: National Association of State Budget Officers

According to the National Association of State Budget Officers (NASBO), states spent an average of 19.8 percent of their total budgets on elementary and secondary education during fiscal year 2013. In addition, the United States Census Bureau found that approximately 45.6 percent of the country's school system revenue came from state sources, while about 45.3 percent came from local sources. The remaining portion of school system revenue came from federal sources.

Oregon spent approximately 14.3 percent of its budget on elementary and secondary education during fiscal year 2013. School system revenue came primarily from state funds. Oregon spent the smallest percentage of its total budget on public education when compared to its neighboring states.

Comparison of financial figures for school systems, fiscal year 2013
State	Percentage of budget	Per pupil spending	Revenue sources
			Percent federal funds	Percent state funds	Percent local funds
Oregon	14.3%	$9,543	7.8%	50.5%	41.7%
California	21.4%	$9,220	11.8%	52.9%	35.3%
Idaho	24.2%	$6,791	11.8%	63.4%	24.7%
Washington	23.4%	$9,672	8.6%	58.9%	32.5%
United States	19.8%	$10,700	9.1%	45.6%	45.3%
Sources: NASBO, "State Expenditure Report" (Table 8). U.S. Census Bureau, "Public Education Finances: 2013, Economic Reimbursable Surveys Division Reports" (Table 5 and Table 8).

Revenue breakdowns

See also: Public school system revenues in the U.S. to compare all states.

According to the United States Census Bureau, public school system revenues totaled approximately $598 billion in fiscal year 2013.

In Oregon, the primary source of school system revenue was state funding during fiscal year 2013, at $3 billion. Oregon reported the second lowest total public education revenue when compared to its neighboring states.

Revenues by source, fiscal year 2013 (amounts in thousands)
State	Federal revenue	State revenue	Local revenue	Total revenue
Oregon	$471,682	$3,041,825	$2,508,173	$6,021,680
California	$7,836,263	$35,141,208	$23,468,448	$66,445,919
Idaho	$238,656	$1,278,155	$498,783	$2,015,594
Washington	$1,042,200	$7,160,395	$3,947,651	$12,150,246
United States	$54,367,305	$272,916,892	$270,645,402	$597,929,599
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "Public Education Finances: 2013, Economic Reimbursable Surveys Division Reports" (Table 1)

Expenditure breakdowns

See also: Public school system expenditures in the United States

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, public school system expenditures totaled approximately $602 billion in fiscal year 2012.

Public education expenditures in Oregon totaled approximately $6.2 billion in fiscal year 2012. Oregon reported the second lowest total public education expenditures when compared to its neighboring states.

Expenditures by type, fiscal year 2012 (amounts in thousands)
State	General expenditures	Capital outlay	Other	Total expenditures
Oregon	$5,389,273	$448,212	$341,375	$6,178,860
California	$57,975,189	$6,693,286	$3,264,820	$67,933,295
Idaho	$1,854,556	$135,343	$62,396	$2,052,295
Washington	$10,054,077	$1,545,989	$452,833	$12,052,898
United States	$527,096,473	$48,773,386	$25,897,123	$601,766,981
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, "Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education: School Year 2011–12 (Fiscal Year 2012)" (Table 5)

Personnel salaries

See also: Public school teacher salaries in the United States

Note: Salaries given are averages for the state. Salaries may vary between a state's urban, suburban, and rural districts and should be adjusted for cost of living. For example, a MacIver Institute study of average teacher salaries in 60 metropolitan areas found that salaries in New York City were the third-highest in absolute figures but 59th-highest when adjusted for the cost of living.

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the average national salary for classroom teachers in public elementary and secondary schools declined by 1.3 percent from the 1999-2000 school year to the 2012-2013 school year. During the same period in Oregon, the average salary increased by 1.6 percent.

Estimated average salaries for teachers (in constant dollars**)
	1999-2000	2009-2010	2011-2012	2012-2013	Percent difference
Oregon	$57,856	$58,948	$58,302	$58,758	1.6%
California	$65,159	$72,803	$69,672	$69,324	6.4%
Idaho	$48,578	$49,404	$49,359	$49,734	2.4%
Washington	$56,089	$56,578	$53,101	$53,571	-4.5%
United States	$57,133	$58,925	$56,340	$56,383	-1.3%
**"Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI), prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis. The CPI does not account for differences in inflation rates from state to state."

Organizations

State agencies

See also: Oregon Department of Education

The mission statement of the Oregon Department of Education reads:

“

The Oregon Department of Education fosters excellence for every learner through innovation, collaboration, leadership, and service to our education partners.

”

The Superintendent of Public Instruction is the chief administrative officer of the Department of Education. The Superintendent of Public Instruction is appointed by the governor. Rob Saxton was appointed to the position in 2012.

The State Board of Education oversees public education in the state. The board is composed of seven members appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state senate. Members are appointed to four-year terms and can serve no more than two consecutive terms. Five members are selected from the state's congressional districts and two members are selected to represent the state at-large.

Unions

In 2012 the Fordham Institute and Education Reform Now assessed the power and influence of state teacher unions in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Their rankings were based on 37 different variables in five broad areas: resources and membership, involvement in politics, scope of bargaining, state policies and perceived influence. Oregon ranked second overall for union power and influence, or "strongest," which was in the first of five tiers.

The main unions related to the Oregon school system are the Oregon Education Association (OEA), an affiliate of the National Education Association (NEA), and AFT Oregon, an affiliate of the American Federation of Teachers. For the 2003 tax period OEA had $18.85 million in total revenue, $16.32 million in total expenses and $34.59 million in total assets. For the 2003 tax period AFT Oregon had: $1.25 million in total revenue, $1.30 million in total expenses and $858,259 in total assets.

List of local Oregon school unions:

• Oregon Education Association
• AFT Oregon
• AFT Clackamas
• AFT Tigard (dead link)
• AFT Portland
• AFT Eugene
• AFT Hillsboro

Taxpayer-funded lobbying

See also: Oregon government sector lobbying

The main education government sector lobbying organization is the Oregon School Boards Association.

Transparency

In February 2009, a group of 27 legislators introduced a bill, the "Open Books Oregon Project," that required the state to create a searchable transparency website by January 1, 2010.The bill was approved by both the House and the Senate. The governor signed the bill on July 28, 2009.

Studies and reports

Quality Counts 2014

See also: Education Week survey

Education Week, a publication that reports on many education issues throughout the country, began using an evaluation system in 1997 to grade each state on various elements of education performance. This system, called Quality Counts, uses official data on performance from each state to generate report cards for all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The report card in 2014 uses six different categories:

1. Chance for success
2. K-12 achievement
3. Standards, assessments and accountability
4. The teaching profession
5. School finance
6. Transitions and alignment

Each of these six categories had a number of other elements that received individual scores. Those scores were then averaged and used to determine the final score in each category. Every state received two types of scores for each of the six major categories: A numerical score out of 100 and a letter grade based on that score. Education Week used the score for the first category, "chance for success," as the value for ranking each state and the District of Columbia. The average grade received in the entire country was 77.3, or a C+ average. The country's highest average score was in the category of "standards, assessments and accountability" at 85.3, or a B average. The lowest average score was in "K-12 achievement", at 70.2, or a C- average.

Oregon received a score of 74.6, or a C average in the "chance for success" category. This was below the national average. The state's highest score was in "transitions and alignment" at 85.7, or a B average. The lowest score was in "the teaching profession" at 63.5, or a D average. Oregon had the lowest score in the "K-12 achievement" category when compared to surrounding states. The chart below displays the scores of Oregon and its surrounding states.

Note: Click on a column heading to sort the data.

Public education report cards, 2014
State	Chance for success	K-12 achievement	Standards, assessments and accountability	The teaching profession	School finance	Transitions and alignment
Oregon	74.6 (C)	64.8 (D)	80.1 (B-)	63.5 (D)	71.0 (C-)	85.7 (B)
California	72.4 (C-)	67.8 (D+)	92.8 (A)	71.6 (C-)	69.2 (D+)	82.1 (B-)
Idaho	74.2 (C)	69.8 (C-)	86.6 (B+)	60.5 (D-)	60.0 (D-)	71.4 (C-)
Washington	79.5 (B-)	74.9 (C)	79.1 (C+)	71.4 (C-)	71.6 (C-)	71.4 (C-)
United States	77.3 (C+)	70.2 (C-)	85.3 (B)	72.5 (C)	75.5 (C)	81.1 (B-)
Source: Education Week, "Quality Counts 2014" A full discussion of how these numbers were generated can be found here.

State Budget Solutions education study

See also: State spending on education v. academic performance (2012)

State Budget Solutions examined national trends in education from 2009 to 2011, including state-by-state analysis of education spending, graduation rates and average ACT scores. The study showed that the states that spent the most did not have the highest average ACT test scores, nor did they have the highest average graduation rates. A summary of the study is available here. The full report can be accessed here.

School districts

See also: School board elections portal

District types

Oregon has three types of school districts: common school districts, joint school districts and union high school districts. All school districts are governed by an elected school board that has the power to levy taxes and issue general obligation bonds with voter approval.

School board composition

School board members in Oregon are elected to office by residents of the school district, either by geographic zone or at-large. School boards can have a total of five or seven members, but if the school district has a population of more than 300,000, the school board must have seven members. School board members serve four-year terms.

Term limits

Oregon does not impose statewide term limits on school boards.

Elections

See also: Oregon school board elections, 2020

No Oregon school districts within Ballotpedia's coverage scope held school board elections in 2020.

Path to the ballot

In order to qualify to be a school board candidate in Oregon, an individual must:

• Not be an employee of the school district the candidate seeks to represent
• Be a registered voter of the school district the candidate seeks to represent for at least one year immediately preceding the election.

To get on the ballot, school board candidates must file a petition and a declaration of candidacy. The petition must be signed by registered voters of the school district the candidate seeks to represent, and if the candidate is seeking a seat elected by geographic zone, the petition must be signed by registered voters in that geographic zone.

Campaign finance

School board candidates who do not intend to spend or receive more than $750 for the calendar year, including personal funds, do not have to file campaign finance reports. If candidates do not intend to spend or receive more than $3,500 for the calendar year, including personal funds, they must only file a Statement of Organization, a campaign account information form and a Certificate of Limited Contributions and Expenditures. Those expecting to receive or spend more than $3,500 must file a Statement of Organization, a campaign account information form and file all campaign finance transactions electronically. Candidates who are required to file a Statement of Organization must do so within three days of receiving a contribution or making an expenditure after filing for office.

Recent legislation

The following is a list of recent education bills that have been introduced in or passed by the Oregon state legislature. To learn more about each of these bills, click the bill title. This information is provided by BillTrack50 and LegiScan.

Note: Due to the nature of the sorting process used to generate this list, some results may not be relevant to the topic. If no bills are displayed below, no legislation pertaining to this topic has been introduced in the legislature recently.

Education ballot measures

See also: Education on the ballot and List of Oregon ballot measures

Ballotpedia has tracked the following statewide ballot measures relating to education.

1. Oregon Measure Nos. 300-301, Funding for Psychiatric Hospitals, Schools, and Prisons Referendum (June 1906)
2. Oregon Measure 86, Fund for Post-Secondary Education Amendment (2014)
3. Oregon Measure 87, Hiring of State Judges by National Guard and State Universities Amendment (2014)
4. Oregon Measure Nos. 314-315, Require Children to Attend Public School Initiative (1922)

In the news

The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms Oregon education policy. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles.

Public education in Oregon - Google News

See also

• Historical public education information in Oregon
• Oregon state budget and finances
• Oregon Department of Education
• List of school districts in Oregon
• School choice in Oregon
• Charter schools in Oregon
• Oregon
• Education Policy in the U.S.

External links

• Oregon Department of Education
  • Charter schools
  • Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) archives
  • School report cards
  • Statewide assessment reference pages
  • Achievement/performance standards
  • Funding
• Oregon State Board of Education
• Oregon State Board of Higher Education
• Oregon Virtual School District

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