2023 and 2024 abortion-related ballot measures

See also: Results for abortion-related ballot measures, 2024

In 2024, 11 statewide ballot measures related to abortion were certified in Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New York, Nevada, and South Dakota for the general election ballot on November 5. This was the most on record for a single year.

Ten of the ballot measures addressed state constitutional rights to abortion. Voters approved seven of them in Arizona, Colorado, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, New York, and Nevada. Voters rejected three in Florida, Nebraska, and South Dakota. One, in Nebraska, to limit the timeframe for when an abortion can be performed was approved.

In 2023, one statewide ballot measure related to abortion policies, Ohio Issue 1, was certified for the ballot. Voters approved Issue 1.

In 2022, there were six ballot measures addressing abortion — the most on record for a single year. Measures were approved in California, Michigan, and Vermont. Measures were defeated in Kansas, Kentucky, and Montana.

Information on abortion-related ballot measures since 1970 is available here: History of abortion ballot measures.

State ballot measures

On the ballot

2024

The following table provides a list of abortion-related measures that were on the ballot in 2024:

State	Date	Measure	Description	Outcome
Arizona	Nov. 5, 2024	Right to Abortion Initiative	• Establishes the fundamental right to abortion that the state of Arizona may not interfere with before the point of fetal viability	a
Colorado	Nov. 5, 2024	Right to Abortion Initiative	• Provide a constitutional right to abortion in the state constitution and allow the use of public funds for abortion	a
Florida	Nov. 5, 2024	Florida Amendment 4	• Provide a constitutional right to abortion before viability or when necessary to protect the patient's health, as determined by the patient's healthcare provider	d
Maryland	Nov. 5, 2024	Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment	• Amend the Maryland Constitution to establish a right to reproductive freedom, defined to include "decisions to prevent, continue, or end one's own pregnancy"	a
Missouri	Nov. 5, 2024	Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment	• Amend the Missouri Constitution to provide the right for reproductive freedom, and provide that the state legislature may enact laws that regulate abortion after fetal viability	a
Montana	Nov. 5, 2024	CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative	• Amend the Montana Constitution to provide a state constitutional "right to make and carry out decisions about one’s own pregnancy, including the right to abortion"	a
Nebraska	Nov. 5, 2024	Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment	• Amend the Nebraska Constitution to provide that "unborn children shall be protected from abortion in the second and third trimesters"	a
Nebraska	Nov. 5, 2024	Right to Abortion Initiative	• Amend the Nebraska Constitution to provide that "all persons shall have a fundamental right to abortion until fetal viability"	d
New York	Nov. 5, 2024	Equal Protection of Law Amendment	• Add language to the New York Bill of Rights to provide that people cannot be denied rights based on their "ethnicity, national origin, age, and disability" or "sex, including sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes, and reproductive healthcare and autonomy."	a
Nevada	Nov. 5, 2024	Right to Abortion Initiative	• Establish the constitutional right to an abortion, providing for the state to regulate abortion after fetal viability, except where medically indicated to protect the life, physical health, or mental health of the pregnant woman.	a
South Dakota	Nov. 5, 2024	Constitutional Amendment G	• Provide a trimester framework for regulating abortion in the South Dakota Constitution	d

2023

The following table provides a list of abortion-related measures that were on the ballot in 2023:

State	Date	Measure	Description	Outcome
Ohio	Nov. 7, 2023	Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative	• Amend the Ohio Constitution to provide a state constitutional right to "make and carry out one’s own reproductive decisions," including decisions about abortion, contraception, fertility treatment, miscarriage care, and continuing pregnancy	a

Not on the ballot

2024

The following is a list of abortion-related measures that were proposed for 2024 but did not make the ballot.

1. Arkansas Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
2. Colorado Abortion Ban Initiative (2024)
3. Florida Right to Life of Preborn Individual Initiative (2024)
4. Florida Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2024)
5. Hawaii Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2024)
6. Iowa No State Constitutional Right to Abortion Amendment (2024)
7. Maine Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy Amendment (2024)
8. Minnesota Equal Under the Law Amendment (2024)
9. Missouri Regulations Regarding Abortion Amendment (2024)
10. Nebraska Establish Personhood of Preborn Children Amendment (2024)
11. Nebraska Prohibit Abortion Procedures and Drugs Initiative (2024)
12. Pennsylvania No State Constitutional Right to Abortion Amendment (2024)
13. Wisconsin 14-Week Abortion Ban Measure (2024)

2023

The following is a list of abortion-related measures that were proposed for 2023 but did not make the ballot.

1. Washington 15-Week Abortion Ban Initiative (2023)
2. Washington Homeless Youth Shelter Parental Notification Requirements Referendum (2023)
3. Washington Parental Notification Requirements for Homeless and Runaway Youth Seeking Gender-Related or Reproductive Health Services Referendum (2023)

Timeline of abortion-related ballot measures

See also: History of abortion ballot measures

The following graph shows the number of abortion-related ballot measures per year since 1970.

List of abortion-related ballot measures

See also: History of abortion ballot measures

The following table provides a list of abortion-related ballot measures from 1970 to 2024:

State	Year	Measure	Yes	No	Outcome
Arizona	2024	Proposition 139, Right to Abortion Initiative	61.61%	38.39%	a
Colorado	2024	Right to Abortion and Health Insurance Coverage Initiative	61.97%	38.03%	a
Florida	2024	Amendment 4, Right to Abortion Initiative	57.17%	42.83%	d
Maryland	2024	Maryland Question 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment	76.06%	23.94%	a
Missouri	2024	Missouri Amendment 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative	51.60%	48.40%	a
Montana	2024	CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative	57.76%	42.24%	a
Nebraska	2024	Nebraska Initiative 434, Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment	54.94%	45.06%	a
Nebraska	2024	Nebraska Initiative 439, Right to Abortion Amendment	49.01%	50.99%	d
Nevada	2024	Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative	64.36%	35.64%	a
New York	2024	New York Proposal 1, Equal Protection of Law Amendment	62.47%	37.53%	a
South Dakota	2024	Constitutional Amendment G, Right to Abortion Initiative	41.41%	58.59%	d
Ohio	2023	Issue 1: Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative	56.78%	43.22%	a
California	2022	Proposition 1: Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment	66.88%	33.12%	a
Kansas	2022	No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment	41.03%	58.97%	d
Kentucky	2022	Amendment 2: No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment	47.65%	52.35%	d
Michigan	2022	Proposal 3: Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative	56.66%	43.34%	a
Montana	2022	LR-131: Medical Care Requirements for Born-Alive Infants Measure	47.45%	52.55%	d
Vermont	2022	Proposal 5: Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy Amendment	76.77%	23.23%	a
Colorado	2020	Proposition 115: 22-Week Abortion Ban Initiative	41.01%	58.99%	d
Louisiana	2020	Amendment 1: No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment	62.06%	37.94%	a
Alabama	2018	Amendment 2: State Abortion Policy Amendment	59.01%	40.99%	a
Oregon	2018	Measure 106: Ban Public Funds for Abortions Initiative	35.52%	64.48%	d
West Virginia	2018	Amendment 1: No Right to Abortion in Constitution Measure	51.73%	48.27%	a
Colorado	2014	Amendment 67: Definition of Person Initiative	35.13%	64.87%	d
North Dakota	2014	Measure 1: Right to Life of Humans at Any Stage of Development Amendment	35.87%	64.13%	d
Tennessee	2014	Amendment 1: No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment	52.60%	47.40%	a
Florida	2012	Amendment 6: State Constitution Interpretation and Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Amendment	44.90%	55.10%	d
Montana	2012	LR-120: Parental Notification of Abortion Measure	70.55%	29.45%	a
Mississippi	2011	Initiative 26: Definition of Person Amendment	42.37%	57.63%	d
Alaska	2010	Measure 2: Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative	55.06%	43.94%	a
Colorado	2010	Initiative 62: Definition of Person Amendment	29.47%	70.53%	d
California	2008	Proposition 4: Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative	48.04%	51.96%	d
Colorado	2008	Initiative 48: Definition of Person Amendment	26.79%	73.21%	d
South Dakota	2008	Initiative 11: Abortion Ban Measure	44.79%	55.21%	d
California	2006	Proposition 85: Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative	45.81%	54.19%	d
Oregon	2006	Measure 43: Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative	45.24%	54.76%	d
South Dakota	2006	Referendum 6: Abortion Ban Measure	44.43%	55.57%	d
California	2005	Proposition 73: Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative	47.29%	52.71%	d
Florida	2004	Amendment 1: Parental Notification of Abortion Measure	64.67%	35.33%	a
Colorado	2000	Initiative 25: Physicians to Communicate Certain Information on Abortion, Waiting Period, and Written Consent Measure	39.44%	60.56%	d
Maine	1999	Question 1: “Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act” Initiative	44.42%	55.58%	d
Colorado	1998	Initiative 11: "Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act" Initiative	48.52%	51.48%	d
Colorado	1998	Initiative 12: Parental Notification of Abortion Measure	54.87%	45.13%	a
Washington	1998	Initiative 694: "Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act" Measure	42.85%	57.15%	d
Wyoming	1994	Initiative 1: Abortion Ban Measure	39.94%	60.06%	d
Arizona	1992	Proposition 110: Abortion Ban and Prohibit Public Funds Initiative	31.46%	68.54%	d
Maryland	1992	Question 6: Changes to Abortion Law Referendum	61.74%	38.26%	a
Washington	1991	Initiative 120: Abortion Legal to Fetal Viability Measure	50.14%	49.86%	a
Nevada	1990	Question 7: Abortion Legal to 24 Weeks Statute Referendum	63.47%	36.53%	a
Oregon	1990	Oregon Measure 8: Abortion Ban Initiative	32.26%	67.74%	d
Oregon	1990	Measure 10: Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative	47.88%	52.12%	d
Arkansas	1988	Amendment 3: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions and State Policy Initiative	51.96%	48.04%	a
Colorado	1988	Initiative 7: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Measure	39.76%	60.24%	d
Michigan	1988	Proposal A: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions for Public Assistance Recipients Referendum	56.87%	43.13%	a
Arkansas	1986	Amendment 65: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions and State Policy Initiative	49.96%	50.04%	d
Massachusetts	1986	Question 1: No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment	41.83%	58.17%	d
Oregon	1986	Measure 6: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Initiative	45.17%	54.83%	d
Rhode Island	1986	Question 14: Constitutional Right to Life and Abortion Prohibited Amendment	34.19%	65.81%	d
Colorado	1984	Initiative 3: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Measure	50.39%	49.61%	a
Washington	1984	Initiative 471: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Measure	46.87%	53.13%	d
Alaska	1982	Measure 6: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Initiative	40.79%	59.21%	d
Oregon	1978	Measure 7: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Initiative	48.32%	51.68%	d
Michigan	1972	Proposal B: Abortion Legalization to 20 Weeks Initiative	39.35%	60.65%	d
North Dakota	1972	Measure 1: Abortion Legalization to 20 Weeks Initiative	23.41%	76.59%	d
Washington	1970	Referendum 20: Abortion Legalization to Four Months Measure	56.49%	43.51%	a

See also

• 2023 ballot measures
• 2024 ballot measures
• 2022 abortion-related ballot measures
• Abortion policy ballot measures
• History of abortion ballot measures
• Abortion regulations by state