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Florida Amendment 2, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2024)

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Florida Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment
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Election date
November 5, 2024
Topic
Hunting and fishing and Constitutional rights
Status
Approveda Approved
Type
Constitutional amendment
Origin
State legislature

The Florida Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment was on the ballot in Florida as a legislatively referred constitutional amendment on November 5, 2024. It was approved.

A "yes" vote supported establishing a constitutional right to hunt and fish in Florida.

A "no" vote opposed establishing a constitutional right to hunt and fish in Florida.


Election results

Amendment 2 needed to receive a 60% vote to be approved.

Florida Amendment 2

Result Votes Percentage

Approved Yes

6,941,307 67.34%
No 3,365,987 32.66%
Results are officially certified.
Source


Overview

What would the amendment do?

See also: Text of measure

The ballot measure provided a state constitutional right to hunt and fish and declare that hunting and fishing are the preferred means for "responsibly managing and controlling fish and wildlife" and "shall be preserved forever as a public right." The amendment did not limit the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's constitutional powers under Article IV, Section 9.[1]

Do other states have constitutional rights to hunt and fish?

See also: History of right to hunt and fish constitutional amendments

As of 2023, a total of 23 states had constitutional provisions that protected the right to hunt and fish. This right was first constitutionalized in Vermont in 1777, with 22 additional states following suit starting with Alabama in 1996. The most recent state to adopt such an amendment was Utah, where it was approved by 75% of voters in 2020.

What did supporters and opponents say about the measure?

See also: Support and Opposition

Vote Yes on Amendment 2 led the campaign in support of the amendment.[2] Yes on 2 said, "Hunting and fishing bans were considered in at least a dozen states in 2022. ... So far, 23 states have passed a constitutional Right to Fish and Hunt amendment – Florida is not yet one of those states. Amendment 2 definitively protects our right to fish and hunt in the state of Florida. While bans were considered in at least a dozen states last year, including a push to criminalize hunting, fishing and farming, Amendment 2 will prevent extremists from taking away our rights."[3]

No to 2 led the campaign in opposition to the measure. No To 2 said the amendment is a threat to wildlife and that "even though the planet has lost 69% of its wildlife over the past 50 years, this amendment would create a fundamental right in the Florida Constitution to Hunt and Fish using 'traditional methods.'" The group also said, "This ill-advised amendment could be used to override protections for fish stocks such as effectively nullifying the prohibition on Gill Nets that are a wall of death in the sea."[4]

Text of measure

Ballot title

The ballot title was as follows:[1]

RIGHT TO FISH AND HUNT.[5]

Ballot summary

The ballot summary was as follows:[1]

Proposing an amendment to the State Constitution to preserve forever fishing and hunting, including by the use of traditional methods, as a public right and preferred means of responsibly managing and controlling fish and wildlife. Specifies that the amendment does not limit the authority granted to the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission under Section 9 of Article IV of the State Constitution.[5]

Constitutional changes

See also: Article I, Florida Constitution

The amendment amended Article I of the Florida Constitution. The following struck-through text was deleted and underlined text was added.[1]

SECTION 28. Fishing, hunting, and the taking of fish and wildlife.—Fishing, hunting, and the taking of fish and wildlife, including by the use of traditional methods, shall be preserved forever as a public right and preferred means of responsibly managing and controlling fish and wildlife. This section does not limit the authority granted to the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission under Section 9 of Article IV.[5]

Readability score

See also: Ballot measure readability scores, 2024

Using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) formulas, Ballotpedia scored the readability of the ballot title and summary for this measure. Readability scores are designed to indicate the reading difficulty of text. The Flesch-Kincaid formulas account for the number of words, syllables, and sentences in a text; they do not account for the difficulty of the ideas in the text. The state legislature wrote the ballot language for this measure.

The FKGL for the ballot title is grade level -2, and the FRE is 117. The word count for the ballot title is 5.

The FKGL for the ballot summary is grade level 14, and the FRE is 36. The word count for the ballot summary is 66.


Support

Vote Yes on Amendment 2 led the campaign in support of the amendment.[6] The campaign provided a full list of endorsements on its website, which is available here.

Supporters

Officials

Organizations

  • All Florida
  • American Sportfishing Association
  • Backcountry Hunters and Anglers
  • Bonefish & Tarpon Trust
  • Coastal Conservation Association
  • Congressional Sportsman’s Foundation
  • Delta Waterfowl
  • Everglades Coordinating Council
  • Florida Airboat Association
  • Florida Guides Association
  • Florida Sportsman’s Conservation Association
  • Future Hunting in Florida
  • International Order of T. Roosevelt
  • National Deer Association
  • National Shooting Sports Foundation
  • Safari Club International

Arguments

  • Martha Guyas, Southeast Fisheries Policy Director for the American Sportfishing Association: "Florida is an incredibly important state for the sportfishing industry and is considered the Fishing Capital of the World. Our state attracts more than 4.3 million anglers who make fishing in Florida an economic engine that contributes nearly $14 billion in economic output and supports more than 120,000 jobs."
  • House Speaker Paul Renner (R): "[The amendment will] permanently [preserve] Floridians’ right to fish and hunt. For generations, Floridians have used fishing and hunting as a means to provide for themselves and their families."
  • State Sen. Jim Boyd (R): "It’s really hard to believe that there are states that are outlawing fishing and hunting. Florida will not be one of those states."
  • State Rep. Lauren Melo (R-80): "[The amendment] is about the heritage of Florida. Many people don’t realize the economic value fishing and hunting provides our great state, combining just over $15 billion annually. People come from all over the world to catch our tarpon and snapper, and chase our turkeys and ducks. Passing this legislation is a powerful statement that we support and champion our fishing and hunting traditions, and we want to protect (them) for our future.”
  • Vote Yes on Amendment 2: "Amendment 2 definitively protects our right to fish and hunt in the state of Florida. While bans were considered in at least a dozen states last year, including a push to criminalize hunting, fishing and farming, Amendment 2 will prevent extremists from taking away our rights. Amendment 2 preserves Florida’s rich traditions, conservation practices, outdoor lifestyle and economic opportunities. As the Fishing Capital of the World, anglers come to chase everything from tarpon to red snapper, while hunters flock to Florida to chase waterfowl, and Osceola turkey. Amendment 2 provides the fundamentals of conservation — enhancing ecosystems and promoting game populations which provide opportunities for Floridians and visitors alike to experience the unmatched natural resources of Florida’s fishing and hunting adventures."


Opposition

No to 2 led the campaign in opposition to the amendment.[7] The campaign provided a full list of endorsements on its website, which is available here.

Opponents

Corporations

  • Humane Wildlife Consulting of South Florida

Organizations

  • American Ecosystems, Inc.
  • Animal Wellness Action
  • Bayley Seton Hospital P.A. Program
  • Bear Defenders
  • Career College of Northern Nevada
  • Center for a Humane Economy
  • Citizen Axis, Inc.
  • Fix & Feed Feline Feral, Inc.
  • Florence-Darlington Technical College
  • Florida Bar Animal Law Section
  • Humane Society of the United States
  • Humane Wildlife Consulting of South Florida
  • Inter-Vision Homes, Inc.
  • Lassen County Community College
  • League of Humane Voters of Florida
  • One Protest
  • Paws and Recreation
  • Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
  • Sarasota Vegan Society
  • Save-a-Turtle.org
  • Speak Up Wekiva, Inc.
  • Speak Up for Wildlife, Inc.
  • Workforce Homes, Inc.
  • World Animal Protection
  • Worsham College

Arguments

  • Humane Wildlife Consulting of South Florida: "We are in the midst of a global extinction crisis and a climate crisis. Our wildlife need a break from the carnage. We should be accelerating measures to alleviate the harm being done and mitigate the damage; which includes taking proactive measures to eliminate, as best we can, the unnecessary trapping and senseless killing of our wildlife and to incentivize nonlethal control measures."
  • NoTo2: "Even though the planet has lost 69% of its wildlife over the past 50 years, this amendment would create a fundamental right in the Florida Constitution to Hunt and Fish using 'traditional methods.' ... This ill-advised amendment could be used to override protections for fish stocks such as effectively nullifying the prohibition on Gill Nets that are a wall of death in the sea."
  • Speak Up Wekiva: "The right to hunt and fish already exists in Florida Statutes. The NRA and its political operatives are trying to convince Floridians that hunting and fishing are in jeopardy. They are not currently, but if Amendment 2 passes it will make fishing a 'public right' opening up our waters to massive foreign commercial fishing vessels. A 'public right' is not restricted to just Florida citizens. Laws are necessary to restrict bad actors from depleting our oceans of fish and our forests of native wildlife. Do you really want to give hunters the right to walk onto your property in pursuit of a raccoon or a bear? This Amendment will lead to hunters trespassing on private property, emboldened with their new constitutional right, as they have done in other states that have passed similar amendments."
  • Clay Henderson, author of “Forces of Nature: A History of Florida Land Conservation" and president emeritus of the Florida Audubon Society: "The amendment goes too far in declaring this right to hunt and fish as a 'public right.' No other right in our constitution is described in this way. It seems to imply this right is even more important than our other fundamental rights. Perhaps it means this right to hunt is more important than one’s right to 'possess and protect property.' The language in the original NRA proposal states, “this section shall not be construed to modify any provision of law relating to trespass or property rights,” but the Florida Legislature didn’t include that important restriction. ... The biggest concern for me and other mainstream conservationists is that the amendment proclaims hunting and fishing the “preferred means of responsibly managing and controlling fish and wildlife.” Really? Often the preferred means to conserve fish and wildlife is to limit hunting and fishing to protect their numbers. That’s why we have limits on the size of fish that can be taken and seasons for hunting. These are reasonable rules to protect numbers of fish and game. Populations of grouper, red snapper, and redfish have been severely regulated as their numbers have declined. Allowing more fishing will not increase their numbers. We don’t allow bear hunting in Florida because the bear population is confined to isolated areas and may not be sustainable. Many of us think this proposal is just a door to bring back bear hunting. As one of a few lawyers who have drafted most of the environmental provisions of Florida’s constitution, I can tell you that every word matters in a proposed amendment. That’s why another section of this proposal is scary. It proclaims this right to hunt and fish includes 'the use of traditional methods, shall be preserved forever.' What does this mean? To me it clearly means return to steel jaw traps, spears, spearfishing, gill nets, and other inhumane means of hunting and fishing."
  • Humane Society of the United States: "By establishing hunting as the 'preferred means' of wildlife management in Florida’s constitution, Amendment 2 could also pave the way for senseless trophy hunting of species like black bears, ignoring proven non-lethal conflict prevention methods that are more humane and effective, such as the management of trash and other food attractants. Amendment 2 also poses a serious risk to private property rights. The original language of the legislation included critical protections for private property owners, but those protections were not included in the final version. By enshrining hunting as a public right, Amendment 2 could allow hunters to trespass on private land in pursuit of animals, undermining Floridians’ basic right to control what happens on their own property, putting families' safety and privacy at risk."


Media editorials

See also: 2024 ballot measure media endorsements

Support

You can share campaign information or arguments, along with source links for this information, at editor@ballotpedia.org.


Opposition

  • Orlando Sentinel Editorial Board: "Amendment 2 could wreak havoc with Florida's habitat and wildlife: The Sentinel endorses a 'no' vote on the Florida constitutional amendment about hunting and fishing, whose convoluted wording gives the state too much power."
  • South Florida Sun Sentinel Editorial Board: "Keep hunting and fishing out of the Constitution: Amendment 2 does far more than simply preserve a right to fish and hunt, which is already in state law. The amendment's extremely negative consequences for wildlife management and ethical hunting practices should have even ardent sportsmen voting a resounding 'no.'"
  • Miami Herald Editorial Board: "There’s not necessarily a need for Florida voters to enshrine the right to hunt and fish into the state constitution via Amendment 2 — especially when the potential consequences of the measure outweigh its benefits. The measure on the Nov. 5 General Election ballot preserves the right to 'forever fishing and hunting, including by the use of traditional methods, as a public right and preferred means of responsibly managing and controlling fish and wildlife.'"
  • Sun Sentinel Editorial Board: "The Florida Constitution recognizes only a handful of rights, including to worship, speak freely, have privacy and be protected from secretive government. Most of those rights come with exemptions — in some cases, too many exemptions. ... But no guardrails constrain a 'public right' to fish and hunt. Nothing for private landowners to keep hunters off their land. No carve-out for endangered species. Not even a “please don’t shoot squirrels on a playground where kids are present.”"
  • The Palm Beach Post Editorial Board: "Hunting and fishing aren't the only ways to manage and control fish and wildlife. Conservation and land preservation work, too. But, those efforts will take a back seat to the 'traditional means,' whatever that means. There's also concern the amendment may be used to expand hunting and fishing in state parks, preserved lands, even private property. That might sound outlandish, given property rights and state regulations of parks and preserved lands. But Florida doesn't have the best track record of enforcing government regulations, as the recent plans to overdevelop state parks under the auspices of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection show."
  • TCPalm Editorial Board: "It's been almost 190 years since Florida created its constitution. For the reasons above, we see no reason to change the constitution for something that has never been a source of controversy."
  • Tampa Bay Times Editorial Board: "This is a ridiculous amendment that doesn't belong in the state constitution, whether you are an outdoors enthusiast or not. Let's first state the obvious: Florida is a great place to fish and hunt. The lifestyle and recreation of enjoying Florida's natural resources has flourished since the state's very existence. … Hunting and fishing are among the most thriving pursuits in Florida. They are not under threat. But they could be if Floridians pass this amendment."


Campaign finance

See also: Campaign finance requirements for Florida ballot measures
The campaign finance information on this page reflects the most recent scheduled reports that Ballotpedia has processed, which covered through December 31, 2024.


Vote Yes on Amendment 2 registered to support the amendment. The committee reported $1.25 million in contributions.[8]

NoTo2.org registered to oppose the amendment. The committee reported $130,540.65 in contributions.[8]

Cash Contributions In-Kind Contributions Total Contributions Cash Expenditures Total Expenditures
Support $1,230,125.00 $20,843.24 $1,250,968.24 $1,230,125.00 $1,250,968.24
Oppose $105,156.76 $25,383.89 $130,540.65 $105,156.76 $130,540.65
Total $1,335,281.76 $46,227.13 $1,381,508.89 $1,335,281.76 $1,381,508.89

Support

The following table includes contribution and expenditure totals for the committee in support of Amendment 2.[8]

Committees in opposition to Amendment 2
Committee Cash Contributions In-Kind Contributions Total Contributions Cash Expenditures Total Expenditures
Vote Yes on Amendment 2 $1,230,125.00 $20,843.24 $1,250,968.24 $1,230,125.00 $1,250,968.24
Total $1,230,125.00 $20,843.24 $1,250,968.24 $1,230,125.00 $1,250,968.24

Donors

The following were the top donors to the support committee.

Donor Cash Contributions In-Kind Contributions Total Contributions
Friends of Wilton Simpson $100,000.00 $0.00 $100,000.00
Arcadia Stockyard $50,000.00 $0.00 $50,000.00
Hilliard Brothers of Florida $50,000.00 $0.00 $50,000.00
Fish & Wildlife Foundation of Florida Inc $25,000.00 $0.00 $25,000.00
T. Roosevelt Action Inc $25,000.00 $0.00 $25,000.00

Opposition

The following table includes contribution and expenditure totals for the committee in opposition to Amendment 2.[8]

Committees in opposition to Amendment 2
Committee Cash Contributions In-Kind Contributions Total Contributions Cash Expenditures Total Expenditures
NoTo2.org $105,156.76 $25,383.89 $130,540.65 $105,156.76 $130,540.65
Total $105,156.76 $25,383.89 $130,540.65 $105,156.76 $130,540.65

Donors

The following were the top donors to the opposition committee.

Donor Cash Contributions In-Kind Contributions Total Contributions
Sierra Club, Inc $50,000.00 $0.00 $50,000.00
Sierra Club Florida PAC $30,000.00 $4,999.99 $34,999.99
Charles W. O'Neal $1,001.00 $9,990.52 $10,991.52
Humane Society of the US $55.00 $9,681.04 $9,736.04

Methodology

To read Ballotpedia's methodology for covering ballot measure campaign finance information, click here.

Background

Florida hunting and fishing statute

Florida law provides for a right to hunt and fish. Florida Statute 379.104 is as follows:[9]

Right to hunt and fish.—The Legislature recognizes that hunting, fishing, and the taking of game are a valued part of the cultural heritage of Florida and should be forever preserved for Floridians. The Legislature further recognizes that these activities play an important part in the state’s economy and in the conservation, preservation, and management of the state’s natural areas and resources. Therefore, the Legislature intends that the citizens of Florida have a right to hunt, fish, and take game, subject to the regulations and restrictions prescribed by general law and by s. 9, Art. IV of the State Constitution.[5]

Constitutional right to hunt and fish ballot measures

See also: History of right to hunt and fish constitutional amendments

As of November 2024, 24 states had constitutional provisions providing for the right to hunt and fish. Vermont was the first state to constitutionalize such a right in 1777. The other 22 states have adopted right to hunt and fish amendments since 1996. The state constitutions of California and Rhode Island include amendments guaranteeing the right to fish, but not to hunt.[10]

List

The following is a list of state ballot measures to adopt right to hunt and fish amendments:

State Year Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes
FL 2024

LRCA

Amendment 2 Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt and fish

Approveda

6,941,307 (67%)

3,365,987 (33%)

UT 2020

LRCA

Constitutional Amendment E Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt and to fish

Approveda

1,063,212 (75%)

355,848 (25%)

NC 2018

LRCA

Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt, fish, and harvest wildlife

Approveda

2,083,123 (57%)

1,563,090 (43%)

IN 2016

LRCA

Public Question 1 Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt, fish, and trap, including traditional methods

Approveda

1,893,467 (79%)

492,300 (21%)

KS 2016

LRCA

Constitutional Amendment 1 Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt, fish, and trap, including traditional methods

Approveda

926,970 (81%)

213,104 (19%)

TX 2015

LRCA

Proposition 6 Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt, fish, and trap, including traditional methods

Approveda

1,260,763 (81%)

294,973 (19%)

AL 2014

LRCA

Amendment 5 Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt, fish, and harvest wildlife, including traditional methods

Approveda

789,777 (80%)

199,483 (20%)

MS 2014

LRCA

HCR 30 Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt, fish, and trap, including traditional methods

Approveda

524,423 (88%)

71,683 (12%)

ID 2012

LRCA

HJR 2 Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt, fish, and trap, including traditional methods

Approveda

456,514 (73%)

165,289 (27%)

KY 2012

LRCA

Amendment Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt, fish, and harvest wildlife

Approveda

1,298,340 (84%)

238,320 (16%)

NE 2012

LRCA

Amendment 2 Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt, fish, and harvest wildlife

Approveda

557,534 (77%)

169,250 (23%)

WY 2012

LRCA

Amendment B Provide for a state constitutional right to harvest wild bird, fish, and game

Approveda

212,561 (89%)

25,564 (11%)

AR 2010

LRCA

Amendment 1 Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt, fish, trap, and harvest wildlife

Approveda

612,495 (83%)

127,444 (17%)

AZ 2010

LRCA

Proposition 109 Provide for state constitutional right to hunt, fish, and harvest wildlife

Defeated

714,144 (44%)

926,991 (56%)

SC 2010

LRCA

Amendment 1 Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt, fish, and harvest wildlife

Approveda

1,126,228 (89%)

139,668 (11%)

TN 2010

LRCA

Amendment Provide for state constitutional right to hunt and fish

Approveda

1,255,840 (87%)

181,465 (13%)

OK 2008

LRCA

State Question 742 Establish a constitutional right to hunt, trap, fish, and take game, granting authority to the Wildlife Conservation Commission.

Approveda

1,082,341 (80%)

269,787 (20%)

GA 2006

LRCA

Amendment 2 Preserve the ability to fish and hunt in Georgia and ensure it is managed by law and regulation for the public good

Approveda

1,626,226 (81%)

379,024 (19%)

LA 2004

LRCA

Question 1 Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt, fish, and trap

Approveda

1,195,445 (81%)

279,926 (19%)

MT 2004

LRCA

C-41 Provide for a state constitutional right to harvest wild fish and game

Approveda

345,505 (81%)

83,185 (19%)

WI 2003

LRCA

Question 1 Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt, fish, trap, and take game

Approveda

668,459 (82%)

146,182 (18%)

ND 2000

LRCA

Measure 1 Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt, fish, trap, and take game

Approveda

206,443 (77%)

61,531 (23%)

VA 2000

LRCA

Question 2 Provide for a right to hunt, fish, and harvest game

Approveda

1,448,154 (60%)

970,266 (40%)

MN 1998

LRCA

Amendment 3 Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt, fish, and take game

Approveda

1,570,720 (77%)

462,749 (23%)

AL 1996

LRCA

Amendment 1 Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt and fish

Approveda

955,149 (81%)

218,350 (19%)


Map

The following map shows which states have constitutional rights to hunt and fish in their state constitutions:

Path to the ballot

See also: Amending the Florida Constitution

A 60% vote is required during one legislative session for the Florida State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 72 votes in the Florida House of Representatives and 24 votes in the Florida State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot. Amendments on the ballot must be approved by 60% of voters to pass.

The constitutional amendment was introduced into the Florida State Legislature as House Joint Resolution 1157 (HJR 1157) on February 24, 2023. The House approved the amendment on April 25, 2023, by a vote of 116-0. The Senate passed the amendment on April 28, 2023, by a vote of 38-1.[1]

Vote in the Florida House of Representatives
April 25, 2023
Requirement: Three-fifths (60 percent) vote of all members in each chamber
Number of yes votes required: 72  Approveda
YesNoNot voting
Total11603
Total percent97.47%0.00%2.52%
Democrat3500
Republican8103

Vote in the Florida State Senate
April 28, 2023
Requirement: Three-fifths (60 percent) vote of all members in each chamber
Number of yes votes required: 24  Approveda
YesNoNot voting
Total3811
Total percent95.00%2.50%2.50%
Democrat1011
Republican2800

How to cast a vote

See also: Voting in Florida

See below to learn more about current voter registration rules, identification requirements, and poll times in Florida.

How to vote in Florida


See also

Footnotes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Florida State Senate, "HJR 1157," accessed April 26, 2023
  2. The Capitolist, "New campaign launched to support constitutional amendment for hunting and fishing rights," accessed April 30, 2024
  3. Yes on 2 Florida, "Home," accessed April 30, 2024
  4. NoTo2.org, "Home," accessed March 18, 2024
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "quotedisclaimer" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "quotedisclaimer" defined multiple times with different content
  6. The Capitolist, "New campaign launched to support constitutional amendment for hunting and fishing rights," accessed April 30, 2024
  7. No to 2, "Home," accessed November 15, 2023
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Florida Division of Elections Committee Tracking System, "NoTo2.org," accessed November 15, 2023
  9. Florida Statutes, "379.104 Right to hunt and fish," accessed October 1, 2024
  10. National Shooting Sports Foundation, "State “Right to Hunt and Fish” Protections," accessed May 20, 2015
  11. Florida Secretary of State, "FAQ - Voting," accessed July 23, 2024
  12. 12.0 12.1 Florida Division of Elections, "National Voter Registration Act (NVRA)," accessed July 23, 2024
  13. 13.0 13.1 Florida Division of Elections, "Register to Vote or Update your Information," accessed July 23, 2024
  14. Florida Department of State, "Florida Voter Registration Application Instructions and Form," accessed November 1, 2024
  15. Under federal law, the national mail voter registration application (a version of which is in use in all states with voter registration systems) requires applicants to indicate that they are U.S. citizens in order to complete an application to vote in state or federal elections, but does not require voters to provide documentary proof of citizenship. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, the application "may require only the minimum amount of information necessary to prevent duplicate voter registrations and permit State officials both to determine the eligibility of the applicant to vote and to administer the voting process."
  16. Florida Division of Elections, "Election Day Voting," accessed July 22, 2024
  17. Florida Division of Elections, "Florida History: Voter ID at the Polls," accessed July 22, 2024