Maria Cantwell: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 19:42, 22 December 2025

Maria Cantwell (Democratic Party) is a member of the U.S. Senate from Washington. She assumed office on January 3, 2001. Her current term ends on January 3, 2031.

Cantwell (Democratic Party) ran for re-election to the U.S. Senate to represent Washington. She won in the general election on November 5, 2024.

Biography

Cantwell was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. She earned her bachelor's degree from Miami University of Ohio in 1980.^[1] Her career experience included working as a public relations consultant.

She served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1987 to 1993. After losing her 1994 bid for re-election to the U.S. House of Representatives, she pursued a career in the high-tech industry before returning to politics in 2000.^[2]

Committee assignments

U.S. Senate

2025-2026

Cantwell was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Ranking
Subcommittee on Aviation, Space, and Innovation, Ex Officio
Subcommittee on Coast Guard, Maritime, and Fisheries, Ex Officio
Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Technology, and Data Privacy, Ex Officio
Subcommittee on Science, Manufacturing, and Competitiveness, Ex Officio
Subcommittee on Surface Transportation, Freight, Pipelines, and Safety, Ex Officio
Subcommittee on Telecommunications and Media, Ex Officio
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
Committee on Finance
Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure
Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure, Ranking Member
Committee on Indian Affairs
Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship
Joint Committee on Taxation

2023-2024

Cantwell was assigned to the following committees:

2021-2022

Cantwell was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Cantwell was assigned to the following committees:^[3]

2015-2016

Cantwell served on the following committees:^[4]

2013-2014

Cantwell served on the following Senate committees:^[5]

Commerce, Science & Transportation Committee
- Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security
- Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard
- Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, and the Internet
- Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security
Energy and Natural Resources Committee
- Subcommittee on Water and Power
- Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining
- Subcommittee on Energy
Finance Committee
- The Subcommittee on International Trade, Customs, and Global Competitiveness
- The Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure
- The Subcommittee on Healthcare
Small Business & Entrepreneurship Committee
Indian Affairs Committee

2011-2012

Cantwell served on the following Senate committees:

Elections

2024

General election

General election for U.S. Senate Washington

Incumbent Maria Cantwell defeated Raul Garcia in the general election for U.S. Senate Washington on November 5, 2024.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Maria Cantwell (D)	59.1	2,252,577
	Raul Garcia (R)	40.6	1,549,187
	Other/Write-in votes	0.3	10,627

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 3,812,391
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Nonpartisan primary election

Nonpartisan primary for U.S. Senate Washington

The following candidates ran in the primary for U.S. Senate Washington on August 6, 2024.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Maria Cantwell (D)	57.2	1,114,327
✔	Raul Garcia (R)	22.1	431,182
	Scott Nazarino (R)	5.7	111,386
	Isaac Holyk (R)	5.7	110,701
	Melanie Ram (R)	4.5	86,956
	Charlie Jackson (Independent Party)	1.1	21,055
	David Tilton (No party preference)	0.9	17,561
	Paul Giesick (D)	0.9	17,433
	GoodSpaceGuy (R)	0.9	16,826
	Thor Amundson (Independent Party)	0.5	10,587
	Henry Dennison (Socialist Workers Party)	0.4	7,840
	Other/Write-in votes	0.1	2,862

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 1,948,716
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Endorsements

Cantwell received the following endorsements.

King County Democrats

2018

See also: United States Senate election in Washington, 2018

General election

Incumbent Maria Cantwell defeated Susan Hutchison in the general election for U.S. Senate Washington on November 6, 2018.

General election for U.S. Senate Washington

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Maria Cantwell (D)	58.4	1,803,364
	Susan Hutchison (R)	41.6	1,282,804

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 3,086,168
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Top-two primary

The following candidates ran in the primary for U.S. Senate Washington on August 7, 2018.

Nonpartisan primary for U.S. Senate Washington

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Maria Cantwell (D)	54.7	929,961
✔		Susan Hutchison (R)	24.3	413,317
		Keith Swank (R)	2.3	39,818
		Joseph Gibson (R)	2.3	38,676
		Clint Tannehill (D)	2.1	35,770
	Submit photo	David R. Bryant (R)	2.0	33,962
		Arthur Coday Jr. (R)	1.8	30,654
		Jennifer Ferguson (Independent)	1.5	25,224
	Submit photo	Tim Owen (R)	1.4	23,167
		Matt Hawkins (R)	0.8	13,324
		Don Rivers (D)	0.7	12,634
		Mike Luke (L)	0.7	12,302
	Submit photo	Glen Stockwell (R)	0.7	11,611
		Thor Amundson (Independent)	0.6	9,393
		Mohammad Said (D)	0.5	8,649
		Matthew Heines (R)	0.5	7,737
		Steve Hoffman (Freedom Socialist Party)	0.4	7,390
		GoodSpaceGuy (R)	0.4	7,057
		John Orlinski (R)	0.4	6,905
	Submit photo	David Lee Strider (Independent)	0.4	6,821
		Roque De La Fuente (R)	0.3	5,724
		James Robert Deal (G)	0.2	3,849
	Submit photo	Sam Wright (The Human Rights Party)	0.2	3,761
		Brad Chase (FDFR Party)	0.2	2,655
	Submit photo	George Kalberer (D)	0.1	2,448
		Charlie Jackson (Independent)	0.1	2,411
	Submit photo	RC Smith (R)	0.1	2,238
		Jon Butler (Independent)	0.1	2,016
		Alex Tsimerman (Standup-America Party)	0.1	1,366

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 1,700,840
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Clay Johnson (Independent)

2012

See also: United States Senate elections in Washington, 2012

Cantwell won re-election in 2012.^[6] Cantwell and Michael Baumgartner advanced past the blanket primary, and Cantwell defeated Baumgartner in the general election on November 6, 2012.^[7]

Cantwell had a $4.5 million advantage over her challengers during the 2012 election.^[8]

**U.S. Senate, Washington, General Election, 2012**
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Maria Cantwell Incumbent	60.5%	1,855,493
	Republican	Michael Baumgartner	39.5%	1,213,924
Total Votes				3,069,417
Source: Washington Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"

Full history

To view the full congressional electoral history for Maria Cantwell, click [show] to expand the section.

2006

On November 7, 2006, Maria Cantwell won re-election to the United States Senate. She defeated Mike McGavick (R), Robin Adair (I), Bruce Guthrie (L) and Aaron Dixon (G) in the general election.^[9]

U.S. Senate, Washington General Election, 2006
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Maria Cantwell incumbent	56.9%	1,184,659
	Republican	Mike McGavick	39.9%	832,106
	Independent	Robin Adair	0.8%	16,384
	Libertarian	Bruce Guthrie	1.4%	29,331
	Green	Aaron Dixon	1%	21,254
Total Votes				2,083,734

2000

On November 7, 2000, Maria Cantwell won election to the United States Senate. She defeated Slade Gorton (R) and Jeff Jared (L) in the general election.^[10]

U.S. Senate, Washington General Election, 2000
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Maria Cantwell	48.7%	1,199,437
	Republican	Slade Gorton	48.6%	1,197,208
	Libertarian	Jeff Jared	2.6%	64,734
Total Votes				2,461,379

Campaign themes

2024

Ballotpedia survey responses

Maria Cantwell did not complete Ballotpedia's 2024 Candidate Connection survey.

2018

Campaign website

Cantwell's campaign website stated the following:

“

I'm proud to represent the people of Washington state and the values that we share.

In the Senate, I've crafted legislation to help bring prosperity to our state and to our nation. And I've fought to ensure that prosperity lifts us all up, not just a few.

I believe in protecting the health of our families and the environment we live in. I believe in making smart long-term investments, like caring for our children and making education affordable.

And I believe we must honor and respect the contributions made by our veterans and seniors.

Read more about what I've accomplished for Washington state in the Senate and what I'm working to accomplish in the future.

Jobs & The Economy

Many of the most successful businesses in the world were founded in Washington state and this is where they’ve grown and prospered. Throughout my career, I've worked to support our state’s unique and enviable culture of science, innovation and economic growth.

In the mid-nineties, I worked in the private sector and played a role in the development of digital media. I've seen how successful Washington companies operate, and I know what it means to our state.

It means jobs.

Not just jobs for tech workers, but across all sectors of our economy. My mission is to ensure that our prosperity is shared, so I fight for things working families need, like access to education and job training, and making housing, health care, and child care more affordable.

I support the men and women of organized labor. I'm proud that Washington state is leading the nation in raising the minimum wage. I’ve worked hard to increase investment in aerospace training and I’m fighting for more apprentice jobs so more working class families can earn and learn.

I supported the creation of a $30 billion lending fund to help small businesses, the great engine of our economy.

I support trade policy to help open new markets for Washington’s agricultural products. Our export credit agency, which helped 144 Washington companies export more than $52 billion in products ranging from beer to commercial airplanes, has been under attack by some Republicans. I fought to get it reauthorized.

Working with women entrepreneurs, we increased access to capital and funding for business counseling so we could grow more women-owned businesses.

Today, it is not uncommon for workers to transition through multiple careers in their lifetime. We must prepare workers to thrive in the 21st Century global economy. We need to provide education and training for returning veterans and laid-off workers, and support our community colleges.

Our state is at the forefront of the knowledge economy and two keys to staying ahead are affordable education and reduction of student loan debt. We must invest in making college more affordable. The benefits we gain are further innovation and greater success.

Environment

Every chance I get, I go hiking the Cascades or the Olympics, exploring alongside our spectacular Pacific coastline, or boating on Lake Chelan. The incredible natural beauty and untamed wilderness of our state is a gift we share. One of my greatest responsibilities is to help protect this gift for future generations.

That's why I've fought so hard to stop the tripling of national park fees and protect our coast from offshore drilling. Now I’m fighting to protect our public lands from being sold off for development.

I've worked to grow Washington's leadership in new solar, wind, biofuel and fuel cell jobs by promoting renewable energy over fossil fuels, and maintaining fuel efficiency for cars.

I will fight any attempt to privatize Bonneville public power.

Health Care

I believe in health care for all. I support universal coverage, and that’s why I’m fighting every day for all of our fellow citizens to have access to affordable, high-quality health care.

I fought to stop President Trump from stripping health care from 750,000 Washingtonians and eliminating protections for pre-existing conditions. I also support improvements to the Affordable Care Act, like expansion of the Basic Health Plan, to lower premiums and out-of-pocket expenses.

Medicaid has brought coverage to 650,000 people in our state. I’ve fought hard against proposals that would undermine Medicaid by repealing the expansion and turning the program into a block grant.

I am proud of Washington’s innovative health care system and world-renowned medical research institutions. I support strong federal investments in biomedical research and innovation in health care services to lower costs, improve results, and keep the focus on patients.

Prescription drugs must be more affordable. That’s why I co-sponsored legislation to allow the safe importation of prescription drugs from Canada and empower Medicare to negotiate prices directly with drug manufacturers.

We still have a lot of work to do. That's why I continue fighting for lower costs, expanded access, and better health care outcomes for all.

Women’s Issues

While we have made progress, we must continue the fight to protect the rights of women and for fair pay at work.

We passed the Lilly Ledbetter Act to do away with gender-based compensation discrimination and help ensure fair pay. Now we are fighting to ensure that there is equal pay for equal work.

Our state has passed paid family and medical leave and the nation should follow suit. We must also continue working to help make child care more affordable.

In the reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act, I fought to extend the protection of this legislation to the most vulnerable women in our society.

We must continue to raise awareness of, and speak out against, sexual harassment in the workplace.

I have fought to preserve a women’s right to choose as well as protect access to vitally important health care services. I will continue to fight any attempt by President Trump to roll back the clock on women's reproductive health.

Working with women entrepreneurs, I helped pass a law to ensure women-owned small businesses have equal access to federal contracting. And we are continuing to push for policies that increase access to capital and funding for business counseling so we can grow more women-owned businesses.

Education

Access to affordable educational opportunities is the key to a thriving economy and a productive workforce. That’s why I fought to protect funding for K-12, worked to expand GI Bill education benefits and sponsored legislation to increase Pell Grants, and allow refinancing of student loans. I’ve fought to protect Impact Aid and secured increased funding for schools in rural counties through the Secure Rural Schools program. I’ve fought to protect Impact Aid and reauthorize funding for schools in rural counties through the Secure Rural Schools program.

In particular, I believe in life-long learning opportunities, from Head Start programs for early childhood, to adult basic education funding and programs to help displaced workers.

I am a strong supporter of STEM programs (Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics), because our future success will require skilled scientists and engineers.

Veterans

Veterans put everything on the line for us and we, as a nation, have a responsibility to do all we can to assist their transition. That means ensuring timely access to quality health care and GI benefits.

I’ve worked to bring job training, skills transition programs, education, and small business assistance to help veterans convert their experience and discipline into success in the economy.

To help those who provide daily care to many veterans, I supported expansion of the VA’s Caregivers Program. We expanded the term of eligibility for GI Bill loans and I supported laws to provide tax incentives for employers to hire veterans. And in my efforts to address affordable housing, I passed legislation to open up more housing units for homeless veterans.

I’m fighting to ensure all veterans receive the care, benefits and respect they’ve earned through their sacrifice.

Affordable Housing
Everyone in Washington should have access to safe, affordable housing. For too many in our state, the lack of affordable housing makes it difficult to just get by, let alone save for retirement.

Increasing our housing supply is a big part of the solution and that’s why I've sponsored and helped pass the first federal increase in the affordable housing tax credit in a decade. This legislation helps fund increased housing production around Washington state. I’ve also fought to address affordability, promote anti-discrimination protections, and increase funding for low-income and veterans’ programs within the federal budget.

Housing affordability is reaching a crisis stage and it's time for us to step up and take on the complex issues surrounding housing costs. I will continue working at the federal level to enact policies and gain needed resources to ensure all in Washington have access to affordable housing.

Retirement Security

Previous generations worked secure in the knowledge that they could rely on pensions and Social Security in retirement. But more and more these days, workers aren't staying in one company for their whole career, and many lack adequate pensions. Recently, we’ve even seen pension funds fail.

In addition, we’ve had to fight repeated attempts by unscrupulous politicians to raid the Social Security trust fund and hand it over to Wall Street.

We need to do everything possible to safeguard the financial security of American citizens, who are rightfully concerned about their future. And to do that we must do more to help workers save. That’s why I introduced legislation that would create incentives for employers to match workers contributions, and a new retirement plan option for workers who do not have access to a 401(k).

I will not allow Social Security to be eroded by those in Congress who are more interested in the health of financial industry profits than they are about the people of America. I've opposed the Republican effort to replace Medicare with a voucher system that would enrich insurance companies at the expense of seniors.

Agriculture
Our diverse agriculture industry, driven by farmers and ranchers across Washington state, supports 164,000 jobs and more than $10.5 billion in agriculture production. Washington state is also the third largest exporter of food and agricultural products in the nation, with exports totaling $7 billion annually.

That’s why I fight for policies and programs that support farming and ranching families and help us to compete in international markets. I’ve worked to expand the Market Access Program which helps farmers gain access to consumers in emerging markets like India and China, and crop insurance to help families weather natural disasters and catastrophic crop loss.

I’ve fought for agricultural research funding to help address falling numbers in wheat; added peas and lentils into our national school lunch program; expanded research and development funding for specialty crops; and backed increased funding for the National Clean Plant Network that helps keep plants virus free.

I’ve also supported funding for Washington State University’s agriculture extension network, conservation programs like the Conservation Reserve Program, and rural development programs that support housing and other important economic investments in farm communities across our state.

I’ve also been vigilant against unfair trading practices and have worked with our growers to hold our trading partners accountable. A new trade enforcement trust fund that I helped create will help provide dedicated funding to enforce trade agreements. I will fight to ensure that Washington’s farms, ranches and other export-dependent businesses do not turn into collateral damage.

Net Neutrality

My work in both the public sector and the private sector has always been focused on technology. During this time, the Internet has grown to represent 7 percent of our economy and supports nearly 7 million jobs.

I believe protecting an open Internet is critical to ensuring this juggernaut of job creation continues. Without it, innovation will undoubtedly be stifled.

Unfortunately, President Trump moved to do away with net neutrality protections. That’s why in 2018, I helped mobilize voters and wavering colleagues to stop him in the Senate.

While the Senate has voted to protect an open Internet the House must now do so as well.

Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity is an issue that keeps me up at night. Each day we face an increasing number of cyber attacks, including attacks from state actors, to our electrical grid and energy infrastructure.

That’s why I fought President Trump’s proposals to drastically cut cybersecurity funding. And I worked with Democrats and Republicans to pass critical legislation out of the Senate to help strengthen our preparedness and resilience to energy-sector cyber attacks.

This bipartisan legislation will help the Department of Energy to identify vulnerabilities, strengthen response capabilities, promote public-private information sharing and address workforce training and shortages.

I’ve also worked with our National Guard to strengthen its preparedness and response capabilities and introduced legislation to authorize the deployment of cybersecurity first response teams in all 50 states.

Opioid Crisis

As I’ve traveled across our state, I’ve seen the devastating impact the opioid epidemic is having on our communities. From Longview to Port Angeles and Everett to Spokane, I’ve held forums to hear first hand about the difficult fight our families, community leaders, health care providers, and law enforcement officials are up against.

That’s why I supported the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act, legislation that dramatically increased federal resources for treatment, recovery, supportive services for families and law enforcement.

I have sponsored a bill, supported by 39 state Attorneys General, to increase the penalties on drug manufacturers when they turn a blind eye to the reckless distribution of opioids in our communities. We need greater transparency and accountability into the production, marketing and distribution practices of drug manufacturers and that’s what my bill does.

Immigration

I spoke with a voter recently who was in tears. Her grandparents survived the Holocaust, and their desperate quest for safety led to her life in the United States. She is well acquainted with first-hand accounts of that terrible era in human history. Reflecting on news of tragic abuses by US Immigration and Customs Enforcement on our borders, she told me "I never thought I'd live in a country where these things happen."

We cannot and will not look away.

I will fight for humane, rational and constructive Immigration policies. We are, after all, a nation of immigrants and I haven’t forgotten that.

Homeland Security

There is no greater responsibility of our federal government than to ensure our national security and that of every American. Washington state faces a unique set of security challenges. We are a major gateway to trans-Pacific trade and we’re a border state. We’re experiencing record-setting growth at our airports, even as aviation security requirements increase. I take my responsibility to help keep our state safe very seriously.

I’ve passed bipartisan legislation to help law enforcement identify and evaluate potential terror suspects at foreign airports before they're permitted to board a flight for the U.S.

I’ve worked to increase the deployment of technology to monitor and better secure remote portions of our northern border. I’ve sponsored legislation to bring federal funding to support law enforcement in our border communities with the cost of prosecuting drug trafficking and other crimes. I’ve worked to increase the security of container cargoes so they are identified and screened before they leave foreign shores destined for our ports. And I’ve worked to increase the deployment of K-9 units and specialized security teams at our airports to improve safety and to move passengers through security lines more quickly.

We must remain ever vigilant in our efforts to protect our nation. But we must do so without ever compromising our values, our humanity, the rule of law, or due process.

^[11]

”

—Maria Cantwell’s campaign website (2018)^[12]

Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Maria Cantwell campaign contribution history
Year	Office	Status	Contributions	Expenditures
2024*	U.S. Senate Washington	Won general	$13,025,510	$12,984,191
2018	U.S. Senate Washington	Won general	$11,779,869	$11,964,267
2012	U.S. Senate (Washington)	Won	$11,978,158	N/A**
2006	U.S. Senate (Washington)	Won	$18,879,272	N/A**
2000	U.S. Senate (Washington)	Won	$11,575,200	N/A**
Grand total			$67,238,008	$24,948,458
Sources: OpenSecrets, Federal Elections Commission *This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* Data from this year may not be complete
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only available data.

Notable endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section displays endorsements this individual made in elections within Ballotpedia's coverage scope.

Notable candidate endorsements by Maria Cantwell
Endorsee	Election	Stage	Outcome
Bob Ferguson ^source (D)	Governor of Washington (2024)	Primary	Won General
Kamala D. Harris ^source (D, Working Families Party)	President of the United States (2024)	Primary	Lost General
Hillary Clinton ^source (D)	President of the United States (2016)	Primary	Lost General

Personal finance disclosures

Members of the Senate are required to file financial disclosure reports. You can search disclosure reports on the Senate’s official website here.

Analysis

Below are links to scores and rankings Ballotpedia compiled for members of Congress. We chose analyses that help readers understand how each individual legislator fit into the context of the chamber as a whole in terms of ideology, bill advancement, bipartisanship, and more.

If you would like to suggest an analysis for inclusion in this section, please email editor@ballotpedia.org.

119th Congress (2025-2027)

Rankings and scores for the 119th Congress

118th Congress (2023-2025)

Rankings and scores for the 118th Congress

117th Congress (2021-2023)

Rankings and scores for the 117th Congress

116th Congress (2019-2021)

Rankings and scores for the 116th Congress

Voting alignment with the president

Analysis of percentage of votes that aligned with the president's positions

GovTrack Ideology scores

Ideological scores for members of Congress based on patterns of co-sponsorship

Center for Effective Lawmaking scores

Effectiveness scores based on bills sponsored, actions taken on sponsored bills, and substantiveness of bills

Lugar - McCourt Bipartisan Index

Bipartisan rankings based on cross-party bill co-sponsorship

115th Congress (2017-2019)

Rankings and scores for the 115th Congress

Voting alignment with the president

Analysis of percentage of votes that aligned with the president's positions

GovTrack Ideology scores

Ideological scores for members of Congress based on patterns of co-sponsorship

Center for Effective Lawmaking scores

Effectiveness scores based on bills sponsored, actions taken on sponsored bills, and substantiveness of bills

Lugar - McCourt Bipartisan Index

Bipartisan rankings based on cross-party bill co-sponsorship

114th Congress (2015-2017)

Rankings and scores for the 114th Congress

GovTrack Ideology scores

Ideological scores for members of Congress based on patterns of co-sponsorship

Center for Effective Lawmaking scores

Effectiveness scores based on bills sponsored, actions taken on sponsored bills, and substantiveness of bills

Lugar - McCourt Bipartisan Index

Bipartisan rankings based on cross-party bill co-sponsorship

Open Congress' "Votes most/least often with" and "Voting with party"

List of members of Congress this legislator voted most and least often with and percentage of votes aligned with their party

113th Congress (2013-2015)

Rankings and scores for the 113th Congress

GovTrack Ideology scores

Ideological scores for members of Congress based on patterns of co-sponsorship

Center for Effective Lawmaking scores

Effectiveness scores based on bills sponsored, actions taken on sponsored bills, and substantiveness of bills

Lugar - McCourt Bipartisan Index

Bipartisan rankings based on cross-party bill co-sponsorship

Open Congress' "Votes most/least often with" list and "Voting with party" percentage

List of members of Congress this legislator voted most and least often with and percentage of votes aligned with their party

National Journal vote ratings

Ideological scores based on members' voting record

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023-2025

The 118th United States Congress began on January 3, 2023, and ended on January 3, 2025. At the start of the session, Republicans held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-212), and Democrats held the majority in the U.S. Senate (51-49). Joe Biden (D) was the president and Kamala Harris (D) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023-2025

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (H.R. 2670) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 22, 2023, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2024. The bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.^[13]

Passed (87-13)^[14]

Yea

Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024

The Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024 (H.R. 6363) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on November 17, 2023, providing for the funding of federal agencies through January 19, 2024. The bill prevented a government shutdown that would have taken place if funding was not approved by November 17, 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[15]

Passed (87-11)^[16]

Yea

Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act

The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act (H.R. 5860) was a bill approved by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2023, providing for the funding of federal agencies through November 17, 2023. The bill prevented a government shutdown that would have taken place if funding was not approved by October 1, 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[17]

Passed (88-9)^[18]

Yea

Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023

The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (H.R. 3746) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 3, 2023. The bill raised the federal debt limit until January 2025. The bill also capped non-defense spending in fiscal year 2024, rescinded unspent coronavirus relief funding, rescinded some Internal Revenue Service (IRS) funding, enhanced work requirements for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program (TANF), simplified environmental reviews for energy projects, and ended the student loan debt repayment pause in August 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[19] Click here to read more.

Passed (63-36)^[20]

Nay

Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.

H.J.Res. 7 (Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on April 10, 2023. The resolution ended the national coronavirus state of emergency, which began on March 13, 2020. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[21] Click here to read more.

Passed (68-23)^[22]

Nay

Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'".

H.J.Res. 44 (Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'".) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate. The bill sought to nullify a Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) rule establishing criteria to determine whether firearms equipped with stabilizing braces that facilitate shoulder fire were subject to regulation under the National Firearms Act. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[23]

Failed (50-49)^[24]

Nay

Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".

H.J.Res. 30 (Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the 118th Congress and vetoed by President Joe Biden (D) on March 20, 2023. This was Biden's first veto of his presidency. The resolution sought to nullify a Department of Labor rule that amended the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to allow retirement plans to consider certain environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors in investment-related decisions. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[25] Click here to read more.

Passed (50-46)^[26]

Yea

The Social Security Fairness Act of 2023

The Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 (H.R. 82) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on January 5, 2025, that reduced Social Security benefits for individuals who received other pensions from state or local governments. It also eliminated an offset that would reduce benefits for spouses and widows of individuals with government pensions. It also eliminated a provision that reduced benefits for an individual who received a pension or disability benefit from an employer that did not withhold Social Security taxes. This bill required a 2/3rds majority vote to pass.^[27]

Passed (76-20)^[28]

Yea

Consolidated Appropriations Act 2024

The Consolidated Appropriations Act 2024 (H.R. 4366) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 9, 2024, authorizing appropriations for various government departments for the fiscal year 2024. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.^[29]

Passed (75-22)^[30]

Yea

FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024

The FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 (H.R. 3935) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on May 16, 2024, that reauthorized Federal Aviation Administration funding until fiscal year 2028. The bill also made other modifications to address various department-related issues. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report. ^[31]

Passed (88-4)^[32]

Yea

Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors (dismissal of first article)

H.Res.863 Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors, passed the U.S. House on February 13, 2024. The resolution impeached U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas for high crimes and misdemeanors. The motion to impeach required a majority in the House and a 2/3rds vote in the Senate.^[33]

Passed (51-48)^[34]

Yea

Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors (dismissal of second article)

H.Res.863 Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors, passed the U.S. House on February 13, 2024. The resolution impeached U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas for high crimes and misdemeanors. The motion to impeach required a majority in the House and a 2/3rds vote in the Senate.^[35]

Passed (51-49)^[36]

Yea

Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes.

H.R. 815, Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes, was passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on April 24, 2024, appropriating foreign aid to Israel, Taiwan, and Ukraine. The bill also mandated the company ByteDance divested from TikTok or the app would be removed from the U.S. This bill required a majority vote.^[37]

Passed (79-18)^[38]

Yea

Border Act of 2024

The Border Act of 2024 (S.4361) was voted down in the U.S. Senate on April 23, 2024. The bill would have expanded the Department of Homeland Security's capabilities of handling individuals entering/residing in the country without permission. It would have expanded the Department's capabilities at the border. It required 3/5ths of the vote to pass cloture.^[39]

Failed (43-50)^[40]

Yea

Right to IVF Act

S.4445, the Right to IVF Act, was voted down in the U.S. Senate on September 17, 2024. The bill would have codified access to in vitro fertilization (IVF) into law. This bill required a 3/5ths majority vote to pass cloture.^[41]

Failed (51-44)^[42]

Yea

Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025

H.R.9747, the Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025, was passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 26, 2024, providing funding to federal agencies, including the Secret Service, and federal programs for the 2025 fiscal year. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.^[43]

Passed (78-18)^[44]

Yea

Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024

The Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 (H.R.7024) was a bill passed by the U.S. House on January 31, 2024, that would have modified the U.S. tax code, increasing how much money can be given back in credits and what is exempt. This bill required a 2/3rds majority vote to pass.^[45]

Failed (48-44)^[46]

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Key votes (click "show" to expand or "hide" to contract)

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023

The 117th United States Congress began on January 3, 2021 and ended on January 3, 2023. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-213), and the U.S. Senate had a 50-50 makeup. Democrats assumed control of the Senate on January 20, 2021, when President Joe Biden (D) and Vice President Kamala Harris (D), who acted as a tie-breaking vote in the chamber, assumed office. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684) was a federal infrastructure bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on November 15, 2021. Among other provisions, the bill provided funding for new infrastructure projects and reauthorizations, Amtrak maintenance and development, bridge repair, replacement, and rehabilitation, clean drinking water, high-speed internet, and clean energy transmission and power infrastructure upgrades. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[47] Click here to read more.

Passed (69-30)

Yea

American Rescue Plan Act of 2021

The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (H.R. 1319) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 11, 2021, to provide economic relief in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Key features of the bill included funding for a national vaccination program and response, funding to safely reopen schools, distribution of $1,400 per person in relief payments, and extended unemployment benefits. The bill required a 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.^[48] Click here to read more.

Passed (50-49)

Yea

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (H.R. 5376) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 16, 2022, to address climate change, healthcare costs, and tax enforcement. Key features of the bill included a $369 billion investment to address energy security and climate change, an extension of Affordable Care Act subsidies, allowing Medicare to negotiate certain drug prices, a 15% corporate minimum tax, a 1% stock buyback fee, and enhanced Internal Revenue Service (IRS) enforcement, and an estimated $300 billion deficit reduction from 2022-2031. The bill required a 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.^[49] Click here to read more.

Passed (51-50)

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (S. 1605) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 27, 2021, authorizing Department of Defense acitivities and programs for fiscal year 2022. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[50]

Passed (88-11)

Yea

James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023

The James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (H.R. 7776) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2023. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[51]

Passed (83-11)

Yea

Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022

The Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022 (S. 3373) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 10, 2022, that sought to address healthcare access, the presumption of service-connection, and research, resources, and other matters related to veterans who were exposed to toxic substances during military service. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[52]

Passed (86-11)

Yea

Chips and Science Act

The Chips and Science Act (H.R. 4346) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 9, 2022, which sought to fund domestic production of semiconductors and authorized various federal science agency programs and activities. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[53]

Passed (64-33)

Yea

Women’s Health Protection Act of 2021

The Women's Health Protection Act of 2021 (H.R. 3755) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives. The bill proposed prohibiting governmental restrictions on the provision of and access to abortion services and prohibiting governments from issuing some other abortion-related restrictions. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[54]

Failed (46-48)

Yea

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (H.R. 2471) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 15, 2022, providing for the funding of federal agencies for the remainder of 2022, providing funding for activities related to Ukraine, and modifying or establishing various programs. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[55]

Passed (68-31)

Yea

Respect for Marriage Act

The Respect for Marriage Act (H.R. 8404) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 13, 2022. The bill codified the recognition of marriages between individuals of the same sex and of different races, ethnicities, or national origins, and provided that the law would not impact religious liberty or conscience protections, or provide grounds to compel nonprofit religious organizations to recognize same-sex marriages. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[56] Click here to read more.

Passed (61-36)

Yea

Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023

The Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (H.R. 6833) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2022. It provided for some fiscal year 2023 appropriations, supplemental funds for Ukraine, and extended several other programs and authorities. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[57]

Passed (72-25)

Yea

COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act

The COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act (S. 937) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on May 20, 2021, that included provisions to designate an officer or employee of the Department of Justice (DOJ) to facilitate expedited review of hate crimes, required the DOJ to issue guidance to law enforcement agencies aimed to establish online hate crime reporting processes and to raise awareness about hate crimes during the COVID-19 pandemic, and established state grants to create hate crime reporting hotlines, among other related provisions. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[58]

Passed (94-1)

Yea

Postal Service Reform Act of 2022

The Postal Service Reform Act of 2022 (H.R. 3076) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on April 6, 2022, that sought to address healthcare and retirement benefits for postal workers, allow USPS to provide certain nonpostal products and services, and expand service performance and budgetary reporting. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[59]

Passed (79-19)

Yea

Bipartisan Safer Communities Act

The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (S. 2938) was a firearm regulation and mental health bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 25, 2022. Provisions of the bill included expanding background checks for individuals under the age of 21, providing funding for mental health services, preventing individuals who had been convicted of a domestic violence misdemeanor or felony in dating relationships from purchasing firearms for five years, providing funding for state grants to implement crisis intervention order programs, and providing funding for community-based violence prevention initiatives. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[60] Click here to read more.

Passed (65-33)

Yea

Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act

The Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act (H.R. 5305) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2021, that provided for continuing fiscal year 2022 appropriations to federal agencies through December 3, 2021, in order to prevent a government shutdown that would have otherwise occurred if fiscal year 2022 appropriations bills had not been passed by October 1, 2021. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate.^[61]

Passed (65-35)

Guilty

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.

This was a resolution before the 117th Congress setting forth an article of impeachment saying that Donald Trump (R) incited an insurrection against the government of the United States on January 6, 2021. The House of Representatives approved the article of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of the charges. Conviction on the impeachment charges required a 2/3 majority vote in the Senate.^[62] Click here to read more.

Not guilty (57-43)

Yea

Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022

The Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022 (H.R. 350) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate in a failed cloture vote that sought to expand the availability and reporting of information about domestic terrorism, enhance the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Department of Justice (DOJ), and the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) ability to prosecute domestic terrorism, among other things. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[63]

Failed (47-47)

Yea

A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2022 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023 through 2031.

This concurrent resolution (S.Con.Res. 14) was a budget resolution passed by the 117th Congress outlining the fiscal year 2022 federal government budget, setting forth budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023-2031, and providing reconciliation instructions for legislation that increased the deficit. It contained a proposed framework for the Build Back Better Act. The resolution required 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.^[64] Click here to read more.

Passed (50-49)

Yea

Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act

The Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act was a federal elections bill approved by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate in a failed cloture vote that sought to, among other provisions, make Election Day a public holiday, allow for same-day voter registration, establish minimum early voting periods, and allow absentee voting for any reason, restrict the removal of local election administrators in federal elections, regulate congressional redistricting, expand campaign finance disclosure rules for some organizations, and amend the Voting Rights Act to require some states to obtain clearance from the U.S. Department of Justice before implementing new election laws. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[65] Click here to read more.

Failed (49-51)

Yea

Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022

The Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act was a bill passed by the 117th Congress in the form of an amendment to a year-end omnibus funding bill that was signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022. The bill changed the procedure for counting electoral votes outlined in the Electoral Count Act of 1887. Elements of the bill included specifying that the vice president's role at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes is ministerial, raising the objection threshold at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes to one-fifth of the members of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, identifying governors as the single official responsible for submitting the certificate of ascertainment identifying that state’s electors, and providing for expedited judicial review of certain claims about states' certificates identifying their electors. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to concur in the House's version of the bill.^[66] Click here to read more.

Passed (68-29)

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021

The 116th United States Congress began on January 9, 2019, and ended on January 3, 2021. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (235-200), and Republicans held the majority in the U.S. Senate (53-47). Donald Trump (R) was the president and Mike Pence (R) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

CARES Act

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (H.R. 748) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on March 27, 2020, that expanded benefits through the joint federal-state unemployment insurance program during the coronavirus pandemic. The legislation also included $1,200 payments to certain individuals, funding for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, and funds for businesses, hospitals, and state and local governments. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[67]

Passed (96-0)

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (S. 1790) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, setting policies and appropriations for the Department of Defense. Key features of this bill include appropriations for research/development, procurement, military construction, and operation/maintenence, as well as policies for paid family leave, North Korea nuclear sanctions, limiting the use of criminal history in federal hiring and contracting, military housing privatization, and paid family leave for federal personnel. This bill required a simple majroity vote in the Senate. ^[68]

Passed (86-8)

Yea

Families First Coronavirus Response Act

The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (H.R. 6201) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on March 18, 2020, addressing the COVID-19 pandemic by increasing access to unemployment benefits and food assistance, increasing funding for Medicaid, providing free testing for COVID-19, and requiring employers to provide paid sick time to employees who cannot work due to COVID-19. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[69]

Passed (90-8)

Yea

Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020

The Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 1865) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, providing appropriations for federal agencies in fiscal year 2020. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[70]

Passed (71-23)

Yea

Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020

The Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 6074) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on March 6, 2020, providing emergency funding to federal agencies in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Key features of the bill include funding for vaccine research, small business loans, humanitarian assistance to affected foreign countries, emergency preparedness, and grants for public health agencies and organizations. This bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[71]

Passed (96-1)

Yea

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (H.J.Res. 31) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on February 15, 2019, providing approrations for Fiscal Year 2019. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[72]

Passed (83-16)

Yea

John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act

The John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act (S. 47) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Doanld Trump on March 12, 2019. This bill sought to set provisions for federal land management and conservation by doing things such as conducting land exchanges and conveyances, establishing programs to respond to wildfires, and extending and reauthorizing wildlife conservation programs. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[73]

Passed (92-8)

Yea

William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (passage)

The William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R. 6395) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump on December 23, 2020. Congress voted to override Trump's veto, and the bill became law on January 1, 2021. The bill set Department of Defense policies and appropriations for Fiscal Year 2021. Trump vetoed the bill due to disagreement with provisions related to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the renaming of certain military installations, limits on emergency military construction fund usage, and limits on troop withdrawals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate on passage, and a two-thirds majority vote to overcome the veto.^[74]

Passed (84-13)

Yea

William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (overcoming veto)

The William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R. 6395) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump on December 23, 2020. Congress voted to override Trump's veto, and the bill became law on January 1, 2021. The bill set Department of Defense policies and appropriations for Fiscal Year 2021. Trump vetoed the bill due to disagreement with provisions related to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the renaming of certain military installations, limits on emergency military construction fund usage, and limits on troop withdrawals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate on passage, and a two-thirds majority vote to overcome the veto.^[75]

Passed (81-13)

Yea

Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019

The Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019 (S. 1) is a bill approved by the Senate that sought to address security in certain Middle Eastern countries by sending resources to Israel, extending defense cooperation in Jordan, establishing sanctions related to the conflict in Syria, and allowing states to divest from entities boycotting Israel. The bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[76]

Passed (77-23)

Yea

Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act

The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act (H.R. 8337) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on October 1st, 2020, continuing appropriations to federal agencies for Fiscal Year 2021 as well as extending certain expiring programs that address issues such as health care, surface transportation, agriculture, and veterans benefits. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[77]

Passed (84-10)

Yea

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 1158) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 20, 2019, providing appropriations for the 2020 Fiscal Year for federal agencies. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[78]

Passed (81-11)

Yea

Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019

The Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019 (H.R. 3055) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, providing Fiscal Year 2020 appropriations to federal agencies through December 20, 2019 and extending certain programs and authorites that were set to expire. This bill prevented a government shutdown, and provided a pay raise for the military, repealed a revocation of state highway funding, and modified the United States Victims of State Sponsored Terrorism Fund. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate.^[79]

Passed (74-20)

Yea

Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act

The Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act (H.R. 1327) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on July 29, 2019, providing funds for the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund of 2001. Key features of the bill included allowing claims to be filed until October 2090, removing the cap on noneconomic damages in certain circumstances, and periodically adjusting the annual limit on economic loss compensation for inflation. This bill required a simple majority vote from the Senate. ^[80]

Passed (97-2)

Guilty

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. (article 1)

The 2020 impeachment of Donald Trump (R) was a resolution before the 116th Congress to set forth two articles of impeachment saying that Trump abused his power and obstructed congress. The first article was related to allegations that Trump requested the Ukrainian government investigate former Vice President Joe Biden (D) and his son, Hunter Biden, in exchange for aid, and the second was related to Trump's response to the impeachment inquiry.The House of Representatives approved both articles of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of either charge. Conviction on the impeachment charges required a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate. ^[81]

Not Guilty (52-48)

Guilty

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. (article 2)

The 2020 impeachment of Donald Trump (R) was a resolution before the 116th Congress to set forth two articles of impeachment saying that Trump abused his power and obstructed congress. The first article was related to allegations that Trump requested the Ukrainian government investigate former Vice President Joe Biden (D) and his son, Hunter Biden, in exchange for aid, and the second was related to Trump's response to the impeachment inquiry.The House of Representatives approved both articles of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of either charge. Conviction on the impeachment charges required a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate. ^[82]

Not Guilty (53-47)

Yea

United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act

The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act (H.R. 5430) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on October 21, 2020, establishing a trade agreement between the United States, Mexico, and Canada meant to replace the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by establishing provisions such as labor and environment monitoring and enforcement, de minimis levels for U.S. exports, and cooperation among treaty members to prevent duty evasion. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[83]

Passed (89-10)

Yea

Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act

The Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act (S. 151) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 30, 2019, setting forth rules to reduce criminal robot calls. Some key featues of the bill included requiring voice service providers to develop call authentication technologies, creating rules to protect a subscriber from receiving unwanted calls or texts from a caller using an unauthenticated number, and protecting individuals from one-ring scams. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[84]

Passed (97-1)

Yea

Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019

The Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019 (H.R. 3401) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on July 1, 2019, providing emergency approprations for humanitarian assistance and security to respond to people attempting to enter the United States at the southern border. This bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[85]

Passed (84-8)

Yea

Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019

The Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019 (H.R. 2157) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on June 6, 2019, providing approprations to certain federal departments in order to address expenses incured by recent natural disasters. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[86]

Passed (85-8)

Yea

Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on February 15, 2019.

H.J.Res.46 (Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on February 15, 2019.) was a resolution passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump (R). This resolution sought to terminate the national emergency related to the U.S.-Mexico border, declared by President Trump on February 15, 2019. The bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[87]

Passed (59-41)

Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018

For detailed information about each vote, click here.

Votes on domestic policy (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: First Step Act of 2018 (S 756)

Motion Agreed to (87-12) on December 18, 2018

Proposed making changes to the criminal justice system.^[88]

Voted Yea on: Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (HR 2)

Conference Report Agreed to (87-13) on December 11, 2018

Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance through fiscal year 2023.^[89]

Voted Nay on: "Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States" (PN2259)

Nomination Confirmed (50-48) on October 6, 2018

Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States^[90]

Voted Nay on: "Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States" (PN2259)

Cloture Motion Agreed to (51-49) on October 5, 2018

Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States^[91]

Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (HR 2)

Bill Passed (86-11, 3/5 majority required) on June 28, 2018

Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance.^[92]

Voted Nay on: Immigration reform proposal from Sen. Chuck Grassley and the Trump administration (S Amdt 1959 to HR 2579)

Cloture Motion Rejected (39-60, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018

Proposed providing a path to citizenship for 1.8 million individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children, $25 billion for border security, limits on chain migration or family-based migration, and eliminating the visa lottery system.^[93]

Voted Yea on: Immigration reform proposal from the Common Sense Coalition (S Amdt 1958 to HR 2579)

Cloture Motion Rejected (54-45, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018

Proposed providing a path to citizenship for individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children, $25 billion for border security, and limitations on chain or family-based immigration.^[94]

Voted Nay on: Stop Dangerous Sanctuary Cities Act amendment (S Amdt 1948 to S Amdt 1959)

Cloture Motion Rejected (54-45, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018

Proposed withholding funding from sanctuary jurisdictions for not cooperating with federal immigration officials.^[95]

Voted Yea on: Coons-McCain immigration plan (S Amdt 1955 to S Amdt 1958)

Cloture Motion Rejected (52-47, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018

Proposed providing a path to citizenship for individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children and conducting a study to determine what border security measures were needed. It also proposed requiring the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to secure the U.S.-Mexico border by 2021.^[96]

Voted Nay on: Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act (S 2311)

Cloture on the Motion to Proceed Rejected (51-46, 3/5 majority required) on January 29, 2018

Proposed amending the federal criminal code to make it a crime for any person to perform or attempt to perform an abortion if the probable post-fertilization age of the fetus was 20 weeks or more. The bill proposed providing exceptions for an abortion: (1) that was necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman, or (2) when the pregnancy was the result of rape or incest.^[97]

Voted Nay on: An amendment to repeal the requirements for individuals to enroll in health insurance and for employers to offer it—"Skinny bill" (S Amdt 667 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628 the American Health Care Act of 2017)

Amendment Rejected (49-51) on July 28, 2017

The amendment proposed repealing the requirements for individuals to enroll in health insurance and for employers to offer it.^[98]

Voted Nay on: An amendment to repeal the ACA, including Paul amendment (No. 271) (S Amdt 271 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628)

Amendment Rejected (45-55) on July 26, 2017

An amendment to repeal the ACA, including Paul amendment (No. 271)^[99]

Voted Nay on: Motion to advance the Better Care Reconciliation Act of 2017, including Cruz and Portman amendments (S Amdt 270 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628)

Motion Rejected (43-57, 3/5 majority required) on July 25, 2017

A procedural vote to advance the Better Care Reconciliation Act of 2017 (BCRA), including the Cruz and Portman amendments.^[100]

Voted Nay on: Motion to begin debate on the American Health Care Act of 2017 (HR 1628)

Motion to Proceed Agreed to (50-50, Vice President voted Yea) on July 25, 2017

Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to title II of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2017.^[101]

Voted Nay on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(4)—confirmation vote)

Nomination Confirmed (54-45) on April 7, 2017

Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—confirmation vote.^[102]

Voted Nay on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(3))

Cloture Motion Agreed to (55-45) on April 6, 2017

Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—second vote to end debate and move to a vote on Gorsuch's nomination under the new precedent requiring only a simple majority to pass.^[103]

Voted Yea on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(2))

Decision of Chair Not Sustained (48-52) on April 6, 2017

Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—a vote to keep the Senate precedent of requiring 60 votes to close debate on Supreme Court nominations.^[104]

Voted Nay on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55)

Cloture Motion Rejected (55-45, 3/5 majority required) on April 6, 2017

Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—initial vote to end debate and move to a vote on Gorsuch's nomination.^[105]

Votes on economic affairs and regulations (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: "Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 6157)

Conference Report Agreed to (93-7) on September 18, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.^[106]

Voted Yea on: "Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 5895)

Conference Report Agreed to (92-5) on September 12, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.^[107]

Voted Yea on: "Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 6157)

Bill Passed (85-7) on August 23, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.^[108]

Voted Yea on: "Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 5895)

Bill Passed (86-5) on June 25, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.^[109]

Voted Yea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1625)

Motion Agreed to (65-32) on March 23, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes.^[110]

Voted Nay on: The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (HR 1892)

Motion Agreed to (71-28) on February 9, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through March 23, 2018^[111]

Voted Nay on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 695)

Cloture Motion Rejected (55-44, 3/5 majority required) on February 8, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through March 23, 2018.^[112]

Voted Yea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)

Motion Agreed to (81-18) on January 22, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018.^[113]

Voted Yea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)

Cloture Motion Agreed to (81-18, 3/5 majority required) on January 22, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018.^[114]

Voted Nay on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)

Cloture Motion Rejected (50-49, 3/5 majority required) on January 19, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018.^[115]

Voted Nay on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1370)

Motion Agreed to (66-32, 3/5 majority required) on December 21, 2017

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018.^[116]

Voted Nay on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

Motion Agreed to (51-48) on December 20, 2017

Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018 and proposed changes to the tax code.^[117]

Voted Yea on: "A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes." (HJ Res 123)

Joint Resolution Passed (81-14) on December 7, 2017

Proposed funding the government until December 22, 2017.^[118]

Voted Nay on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

Bill Passed (51-49) on December 2, 2017

Proposed amending the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses.^[119]

Voted Nay on: A concurrent resolution establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)

Concurrent Resolution Agreed to (51-49) on October 19, 2017

Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027.^[120]

Voted Yea on: Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (Included amendments to suspend the debt ceiling and fund the government) (HR 601)

Motion Agreed to (80-17) on September 7, 2017

Proposed suspending the debt ceiling and funding the government until December 8, 2017, and providing funding for Hurricanes Harvey and Irma relief efforts.^[121]

Voted Yea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 (HR 244)

Motion Agreed to (79-18) on May 4, 2017

The $1.2 trillion budget bill proposed funding the government through the end of the fiscal year on September 30, 2017.^[122]

Votes on foreign policy and national security issues (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: "A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that have not been authorized by Congress." (SJ Res 54)

Joint Resolution Passed (56-41) on December 13, 2018

Proposed removing United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that were not authorized by Congress.^[123]

Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 2810)

Bill Passed (89-8) on September 18, 2017

Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, and to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes. On November 15, 2017, the Senate passed the defense policy bill by voice vote. This bill was the result of compromises made in the conference report. For more information on the compromise bill, click here.^[124]^[125]

Voted Yea on: Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (HR 3364)

Bill Passed (98-2) on July 27, 2017

Proposed providing congressional review and proposed countering aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes.^[126]

Voted Yea on: Countering Iran's Destabilizing Activities Act of 2017 (S 722)

Bill Passed (98-2) on June 15, 2017

Proposed providing congressional review and proposed countering aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes.^[127]

114th Congress

The first session of the 114th Congress enacted into law six out of the 2,616 introduced bills (0.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 1.3 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the first session. In the second session, the 114th Congress enacted 133 out of 3,159 introduced bills (4.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 7.0 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.^[128]^[129] The Senate confirmed 18,117 out of 21,815 executive nominations received (83 percent). For more information pertaining to Cantwell's voting record in the 114th Congress, please see the below sections.^[130]

Economic and fiscal

Trade Act of 2015

See also: The Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal, 2015

On May 22, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1314, which was used as a legislative vehicle for trade legislation with the titles "Trade Act of 2015" and the "Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015," by a vote of 62-37. The bill proposed giving the president trade promotion authority (TPA). TPA, also known as fast track authority, allows the president to negotiate trade deals that cannot be amended by Congress. Congress casts a simple up or down vote on a trade agreement, and the legislation only requires a simple majority for approval. The bill also included a statement of trade priorities and provisions for trade adjustment assistance. Cantwell voted with 13 other Democratic senators to approve the bill.^[131]^[132]
Trade promotion authority
On June 24, 2015, by a vote of 60-38, the Senate approved trade promotion authority (TPA) as part of HR 2146 - Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act. Cantwell was one of 13 Democrats to vote in favor of the bill. After, Senate Republican leadership honored a pledge to support trade adjustment assistance (TAA) by passing the measure as part of HR 1295 - Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015 by voice vote. The House passed HR 1295 the following day, on June 25, 2015, and both TPA and TAA were signed into law on June 29, 2015.^[133]^[134]^[135]

2016 Budget proposal

On May 5, 2015, the Senate voted to approve SConRes11, a congressional budget proposal for fiscal year 2016, by a vote of 51-48. The non-binding resolution will be used to create 12 appropriations bills to fund the government before funding runs out on October 1, 2015. The vote marked the first time since 2009 that Congress approved a joint budget resolution. All 44 Democrats, including Cantwell, voted against the resolution.^[136]^[137]^[138]

Defense spending authorization

On November 10, 2015, the Senate passed S 1356 - the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 by a vote of 91-3. The second version of the $607 billion national defense bill included "$5 billion in cuts to match what was approved in the budget" and language preventing the closure of the Guantanamo Bay military prison.^[139]^[140] Cantwell voted with 41 Democrats, 48 Republicans and one independent in favor of the bill.^[141] On November 5, 2015, the House passed the bill by a vote of 370-58, and President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 25, 2015.^[142]

On June 18, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1735 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 by a vote of 71-25. The bill "authorizes FY2016 appropriations and sets forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It does not provide budget authority, which is provided in subsequent appropriations legislation." Cantwell voted with 20 Democrats, 49 Republicans and one Independent to approve the bill.^[143] The House passed the bill on May 15, 2015.^[144] President Barack Obama vetoed the bill on October 22, 2015.^[145]

2015 budget

On October 30, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 by a vote of 64-35. The bill increased military and domestic spending levels and suspended the debt ceiling until March 2017.^[146] Cantwell voted with 43 Democrats, 18 Republicans and two independents in favor of the bill.^[147] It passed the House on October 28, 2015.^[148] President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 2, 2015.

Foreign Affairs

Iran nuclear deal

See also: Iran nuclear agreement, 2015

On May 7, 2015, the Senate voted to approve HR 1191 - A bill to provide for congressional review and oversight of agreements relating to Iran's nuclear program, and for other purposes, by a vote of 98-1. The bill required President Barack Obama to submit the details of the nuclear deal with Iran for congressional review. Congress had 60 days to review the deal and vote to approve, disapprove or take no action on the deal. During the review period, sanctions on Iran could not be lifted. All 43 Democratic senators who voted, including Cantwell, approved the bill.^[149]^[150]

Hire More Heroes Act of 2015
On September 10, 2015, the Senate voted to filibuster the measure to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal by a vote of 58-42.^[151] Sixty votes were needed to proceed to HJ Res 61 - the Hire More Heroes Act of 2015, the legislative vehicle the Senate was expected to use to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal. Cantwell voted with 39 Democrats and two Independents against proceeding to the measure of disapproval.^[152]

Hire More Heroes Act of 2015 follow up votes
On September 15, 2015, the Senate voted for a second time to filibuster the measure to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal by a vote of 56-42.^[153] Sixty votes were needed to proceed to HJ Res 61 - the Hire More Heroes Act of 2015, the legislative vehicle the Senate was expected to use to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal. Cantwell voted with 39 Democrats and two Independents against proceeding to the measure of disapproval.^[154] The legislation was voted on for a third time on September 17, and it failed for a third time by a vote of 56-42.^[155]

Hire More Heroes Act of 2015 fourth vote
On September 17, 2015, the Senate voted to filibuster a vote on S.Amdt.2656 to S.Amdt.2640 by a vote of 53-45. The amendment proposed prohibiting "the President from waiving, suspending, reducing, providing relief from, or otherwise limiting the application of sanctions pursuant to an agreement related to the nuclear program of Iran."^[156] Cantwell voted with 42 Democrats and two Independents against proceeding to the amendment.^[157]

Domestic

USA FREEDOM Act of 2015

On June 2, 2015, the Senate passed HR 2048 - the Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015 or the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015 by a vote of 67-32. The legislation revised HR 3199 - the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 by terminating the bulk collection of metadata under Sec. 215 of the act, requiring increased reporting from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and requiring the use of "a specific selection term as the basis for national security letters that request information from wire or electronic communication service providers, financial institutions, or consumer reporting agencies." Cantwell voted with 42 Democrats, 23 Republicans and one Independent to approve the legislation. It became law on June 2, 2015.^[158]^[159]

Cyber security

On October 27, 2015, the Senate passed S 754 - the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 by a vote of 74-21.^[160] The bill proposed procedures that would allow federal agencies and private entities to share information about cyber threats. Cantwell voted with 29 Democrats, 43 Republicans and one independent in favor of the bill.^[161]

Immigration

On October 20, 2015, the Senate voted against proceeding to a vote on S 2146 - the Stop Sanctuary Policies and Protect Americans Act by a vote of 54-45. The bill proposed withholding federal funding from "sanctuary jurisdictions" that violate the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 and other federal immigration laws. In addition, the bill proposed increasing "penalties for individuals who illegally reenter the United States after being removed" and providing "liability protection for State and local law enforcement who cooperate with Federal law enforcement."^[162] Cantwell voted with 41 Democrats, one Republican and two Independents against proceeding to the bill.^[163]

113th Congress

The second session of the 113th Congress enacted into law 224 out of the 3215 introduced bills (7 percent). Comparatively, the 112th Congress had 4.2 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.^[164] The Senate confirmed 13,949 out of 18,323 executive nominations received (76.1 percent). For more information pertaining to Cantwell's voting record in the 113th Congress, please see the below sections.^[165]

National security

John Brennan CIA nomination

Cantwell voted for the confirmation of John Brennan as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. The nomination was confirmed by the Senate on March 7, 2013, with a vote of 63 - 34. Most Democrats supported the nomination, while Republicans were somewhat divided with roughly one-third supporting the nomination.^[166]

Economy

Farm bill

On February 4, 2014, the Democratic controlled Senate approved the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013, H.R. 2642, also known as the Farm Bill.^[167] It passed the Senate with a vote of 68-32. The nearly 1,000-page bill reformed and continued various programs of the Department of Agriculture through 2018. The $1 trillion bill expanded crop insurance for farmers by $7 billion over the next decade and created new subsidies for rice and peanut growers that will kick in if or when prices drop; however, cuts to the food stamp program cut an average of $90 per month for 1.7 million people in 15 states.^[168] Cantwell joined with 46 other Democratic senators in favor of the bill.

2014 Budget

On January 16, 2014, the Democratic-controlled Senate approved H.R. 3547, a $1.1 trillion spending bill to fund the government through September 30, 2014.^[169]^[170] The Senate voted 72-26 for the 1,582 page bill, with 17 Republicans and 55 Democrats voting in favor of the bill.^[170] The omnibus package included 12 annual spending bills to fund federal operations.^[171] It included a 1 percent increase in the paychecks of federal workers and military personnel, a $1 billion increase in Head Start funding for early childhood education, reduced funding to the Internal Revenue Service and the Environmental Protection Agency and left the Affordable Care Act without any drastic cuts. Cantwell voted with the Democratic Party in favor of the bill.^[169]^[170]

No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013

Cantwell voted for H.R.325 -- No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013. The bill passed the Senate on January 31, 2013, with a vote of 64 - 34. The purpose of the bill was to temporarily suspend the debt ceiling and withhold the pay of members of Congress until a budget could be passed. The vote largely followed party lines with Democrats overwhelmingly supporting it and many Republicans in opposition to the bill.^[172]

Temporary Debt Limit Extension Act

Cantwell voted for Bill S 540, and on February 12, 2014, the Temporary Debt Limit Extension Act passed in the Senate with a vote of 55 - 43.^[173] This bill extended the debt limit of the federal government until March 15, 2015 in order to allow the federal government to meet necessary obligations. The House of Representatives had passed the bill on February 11, 2014 with an amendment, and the Senate approved the amendment and passed the bill on February 13, 2014.^[174]

Government shutdown

See also: United States budget debate, 2013

During the shutdown in October 2013, the Senate rejected, down party lines, every House-originated bill that stripped the budget of funding for the Affordable Care Act. A deal was reached late on October 16, 2013, just hours before the debt ceiling deadline. The bill to reopen the government, H.R. 2775, lifted the $16.7 trillion debt limit and funded the government through January 15, 2014. Federal employees also received retroactive pay for the shutdown period. The only concession made by Senate Democrats was to require income verification for Obamacare subsidies.^[175] The final vote on H.R. 2775 was 81-18, with all 18 votes against the bill from Republican members. Cantwell voted with the Democratic Party for the bill.^[176]

Immigration

Mexico-U.S. border

Cantwell voted against Senate Amendment 1197 -- Requires the Completion of the Fence Along the United States-Mexico Border. The amendment was rejected by the Senate on June 18, 2013, with a vote of 39 - 54. The purpose of the amendment was to require the completion of 350 miles of fence described in the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 before registered provisional immigrant status may be granted. It would also require 700 miles of fence be completed before the status of registered provisional immigrants may be changed to permanent resident status. The vote followed party lines.^[177]

Social issues

Violence Against Women (2013)

Cantwell voted for S.47 -- Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013. The bill was passed by the Senate on February 12, 2013, with a vote of 78 - 22. The purpose of the bill was to combat violence against women, from domestic violence to international trafficking in persons. All 22 dissenting votes were cast by Republicans.^[178]

Previous congressional sessions

Fiscal cliff

Cantwell voted for the fiscal cliff compromise bill, which made permanent most of the Bush tax cuts originally passed in 2001 and 2003, while also raising tax rates on the highest income levels. The bill was passed in the Senate by an 89 - 8 vote on January 1, 2013.^[179]

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Footnotes

Political offices
Preceded by -	U.S. Senate Washington 2001-Present	Succeeded by -
Preceded by -	U.S. House Washington District 1 1993-1995	Succeeded by -
Preceded by -	Washington House of Representatives 1987-1993	Succeeded by -

[show]

Washington's current delegation to the United States Congress

Senators

Maria Cantwell (D)

Patty Murray (D)

Representatives

District 1

Suzan DelBene (D)

District 2

Rick Larsen (D)

District 3

Marie Gluesenkamp Pérez (D)

District 4

Dan Newhouse (R)

District 5

Michael Baumgartner (R)

District 6

Emily Randall (D)

District 7

Pramila Jayapal (D)

District 8

Kim Schrier (D)

District 9

D. Adam Smith (D)

District 10

Marilyn Strickland (D)

Democratic Party (10)

Republican Party (2)

[1] Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "Maria Cantwell," accessed December 22, 2025

[2] WhoRunsGov.com, "Maria Cantwell," accessed October 14, 2011

[3] United States Senate, "Committee Assignments of the 115th Congress," accessed January 19, 2017

[4] United States Senate, "Committee Assignments of the 114th Congress," accessed February 17, 2015

[5] Congressional Quarterly, "Senate Committee List," accessed January 22, 2013

[cnnr-6] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cnnr

[7] Associated Press, "Primary Results"

[st-8] Seattle Times, "Senate race Cantwell's to lose — unless Obama support craters," July 10, 2012

[9] U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013

[10] U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2000," accessed March 28, 2013

[quotedisclaimer-11] Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.

[12] Maria Cantwell’s campaign website, “Issues,” accessed October 18, 2018

[13] Congress.gov, "H.R.2670 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024," accessed February 27, 2024

[14] Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 2670 )," accessed May 15, 2025

[15] Congress.gov, "H.R.6363 - Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024," accessed February 27, 2024

[16] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 6363)," accessed May 15, 2025

[17] Congress.gov, "H.R.5860 - Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act," accessed February 27, 2024

[18] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 5860)," accessed May 15, 2025

[19] Congress.gov, "H.R.3746 - Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023," accessed February 27, 2024

[20] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3746)," accessed May 15, 2025

[21] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.7 - Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020." accessed February 23, 2024

[22] Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 7)," accessed May 15, 2025

[23] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.44 - Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'"" accessed February 28, 2024

[24] Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 44)," accessed May 15, 2025

[25] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.30 - Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to 'Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights'." accessed February 23, 2024

[26] Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 30)," accessed May 15, 2025

[27] Congress.gov, "Social Security Fairness Act of 2023." accessed February 13, 2025

[28] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 82)," accessed May 15, 2025

[29] Congress.gov, "H.R.4366 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024," accessed February 13, 2025

[30] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Schumer Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 4366)," accessed May 15, 2025

[31] Congress.gov, "FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024," accessed February 13, 2025

[32] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3935, As Amended)," accessed May 15, 2025

[33] Congress.gov, "H.R.863- Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors." accessed February 13, 2025

[34] Senate.gov, "On the Point of Order (Is the Schumer Constitutional Point of Order Against Article I Well Taken)," accessed May 15, 2025

[35] Congress.gov, "H.R.863- Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors." accessed February 13, 2025

[36] Senate.gov, "On the Point of Order (Is the Schumer Constitutional Point of Order Against Article II Well Taken)," accessed May 15, 2025

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@@ Line 277: / Line 277: @@
 ==Analysis==
-===Ideology and leadership===
+{{CongAnalysis|Begin=113|End=119}}
-:: ''See also: [[GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking]]''
-Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by ''GovTrack'', Cantwell was a [[GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking|rank-and-file Democrat]] as of August 2014.<ref>[http://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/maria_cantwell/300018 ''GovTrack'', "Maria Cantwell," accessed August 27, 2014]</ref> This was the same rating Cantwell received in August 2013.<ref>[http://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/maria_cantwell/300018 ''GovTrack'', "Maria Cantwell," accessed August 1, 2013]</ref>
-===Like-minded colleagues===
-The website ''OpenCongress'' tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305103825/http://www.opencongress.org/people/show/300018_Maria_Cantwell ''OpenCongress'', "Rep. Maria Cantwell," archived March 5, 2016]</ref>
-{{col-begin}}
-{{col-break}}
-Cantwell most often votes with:
-*{{bluedot}} [[Charles Schumer]]
-*{{reddot}} [[Susan Collins (Maine)|Susan Collins]]
-{{col-break}}
-Cantwell least often votes with:
-*{{bluedot}} [[Joe Manchin]]
-*{{reddot}} [[Jim Risch]]
-{{col-end}}
-{{Find the best|title=<htmlet>FindTheBest-MariaCantwell-IdeologyBreakdown</htmlet>|width=450px}}
-===Lifetime voting record===
-{{Lifetime voting record senate 2015
-|Name=Cantwell
-|Missed=29
-|Total=4719
-|Start=January 2001
-|Ref=<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/maria_cantwell/300018 ''GovTrack'', "Sen. Maria Cantwell (D)," accessed September 28, 2015]</ref>
-}}
-===Congressional staff salaries===
-::''See also: [[Staff salaries of United States Senators and Representatives]]''
-The website ''Legistorm'' compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Cantwell paid her congressional staff a total of $2,507,979 in 2011. She ranked 13th on the list of the lowest paid Democratic senatorial staff salaries and ranked 42nd overall of the lowest paid senatorial staff salaries in 2011. Overall, [[Washington]] ranked 25th in average salary for senatorial staff. The average [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] congressional staff was paid $2,529,141.70 in fiscal year 2011.<ref>[http://www.legistorm.com/member/17/Sen_Maria_Cantwell.html ''LegiStorm'', "Maria Cantwell"]</ref>
-===National Journal vote ratings===
-:: ''See also: [[National Journal vote ratings]]''
-Each year ''National Journal'' publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Click the link above for the full ratings of all members of Congress.
-====2013====
-Cantwell ranked 5th in the liberal rankings in 2013.<ref>[http://www.nationaljournal.com/2013-vote-ratings ''National Journal'', "2013 Congressional Vote Ratings," August 27, 2014]</ref>
-====2012====
-Cantwell was one of two members who ranked 11th in the liberal rankings in 2012.<ref>[http://www.nationaljournal.com/2012-vote-ratings ''National Journal'', "2012 Congressional Vote Ratings," February 28, 2013]</ref>
-====2011====
-Cantwell ranked 35th in the liberal rankings in 2011.<ref>[http://www.nationaljournal.com/voteratings2011/searchable-vote-ratings-tables-senate-20120223 ''National Journal'', "Searchable Vote Ratings Tables: Senate," accessed February 23, 2012]</ref>
-===Voting with party===
-The website ''OpenCongress'' tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.
-====2014====
-{{Congress vote percent
-|name=Cantwell
-|party=Democratic
-|percent=98.1 percent
-|rank=4th
-|total=53
-|chamber=Senate
-|year=August 2014
-|DSen=Y
-}}
-====2013====
-{{Congress vote percent
-|name=Cantwell
-|party=Democratic
-|percent=98.0 percent
-|rank=4th
-|total=53
-|chamber=Senate
-|year=August 2013
-|DSen=Y
-}}
 ==[[Key votes]]==

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