Steven Horsford

Steven Horsford (Democratic Party) is a member of the U.S. House, representing Nevada's 4th Congressional District. He assumed office on January 3, 2019. His current term ends on January 3, 2027.

Horsford (Democratic Party) is running for re-election to the U.S. House to represent Nevada's 4th Congressional District. He declared candidacy for the 2026 election.

Horsford was the first Black U.S. House member to represent Nevada and the first Black leader of the Nevada State Senate.^[1]

Biography

Horsford was born in Las Vegas, Nevada. He graduated from Clark High School and earned a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of Nevada, Reno. Before he was elected to Congress, Horsford was the executive director of the Culinary Training Academy of Las Vegas.^[2] Horsford was also a member of the Nevada State Senate from 2004 to 2012, and was Majority Leader from 2009 to 2012.^[3]

Committee assignments

U.S. House

2025-2026

Horsford was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

2023-2024

Horsford was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

2021-2022

Horsford was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

2013-2014

Horsford served on the following committees:^[4]

United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
- Subcommittee on Economic Growth, Job Creation, and Regulatory Affairs
- Subcommittee on Energy Policy, Health Care, and Entitlements
United States House Committee on Homeland Security
- Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Protection, and Security Technologies
United States House Committee on Natural Resources
- Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources
- Subcommittee on Public Lands and Environmental Regulation

Elections

2026

Note: At this time, Ballotpedia is combining all declared candidates for this election into one list under a general election heading. As primary election dates are published, this information will be updated to separate general election candidates from primary candidates as appropriate.

General election

The general election will occur on November 3, 2026.

General election for U.S. House Nevada District 4

Incumbent Steven Horsford, David Flippo, Aaron Hill, and Cody Whipple are running in the general election for U.S. House Nevada District 4 on November 3, 2026.

		Candidate
		Steven Horsford (D)
		David Flippo (R)
		Aaron Hill (R)
		Cody Whipple (R)

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined.
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Endorsements

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2024

Nevada's 4th Congressional District election, 2024 (June 11 Democratic primary)

Nevada's 4th Congressional District election, 2024 (June 11 Republican primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House Nevada District 4

Incumbent Steven Horsford defeated John J. Lee, Russell Best, and Timothy Ferreira in the general election for U.S. House Nevada District 4 on November 5, 2024.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Steven Horsford (D)	52.7	174,926
	John J. Lee (R)	44.6	148,061
	Russell Best (Independent American Party)	1.5	4,919
	Timothy Ferreira (L)	1.3	4,300

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 332,206
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Nevada District 4

Incumbent Steven Horsford defeated Levy Shultz in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Nevada District 4 on June 11, 2024.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Steven Horsford	89.5	34,861
	Levy Shultz	10.5	4,084

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 38,945
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Nevada District 4

John J. Lee defeated David Flippo and Bruce Frazey in the Republican primary for U.S. House Nevada District 4 on June 11, 2024.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	John J. Lee	48.2	16,699
	David Flippo	45.3	15,678
	Bruce Frazey	6.5	2,241

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 34,618
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Alberto Orozco (R)

Endorsements

Ballotpedia did not identify endorsements for Horsford in this election.

2022

General election

General election for U.S. House Nevada District 4

Incumbent Steven Horsford defeated Sam Peters in the general election for U.S. House Nevada District 4 on November 8, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Steven Horsford (D)	52.4	116,617
	Sam Peters (R)	47.6	105,870

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 222,487
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

John Johnson (Independent)

Democratic primary election

The Democratic primary election was canceled. Incumbent Steven Horsford advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Nevada District 4.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Jennifer Eason (D)

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Nevada District 4

Sam Peters defeated Annie Black and Chance Bonaventura in the Republican primary for U.S. House Nevada District 4 on June 14, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Sam Peters	47.7	20,956
	Annie Black	41.5	18,249
	Chance Bonaventura	10.8	4,748

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 43,953
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Jessie Vargas (R)
Tony Lane (R)

2020

Nevada's 4th Congressional District election, 2020 (June 9 Democratic primary)

Nevada's 4th Congressional District election, 2020 (June 9 Republican primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House Nevada District 4

Incumbent Steven Horsford defeated Jim Marchant, Jonathan Royce Esteban, and Barry Rubinson in the general election for U.S. House Nevada District 4 on November 3, 2020.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Steven Horsford (D)	50.7	168,457
	Jim Marchant (R)	45.8	152,284
	Jonathan Royce Esteban (L)	2.4	7,978
	Barry Rubinson (Independent American Party)	1.1	3,750

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 332,469
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Nevada District 4

The following candidates ran in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Nevada District 4 on June 9, 2020.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Steven Horsford	75.1	39,656
	Jennifer Eason	9.4	4,968
	Gabrielle D'Ayr	7.3	3,847
	Gregory Kempton	2.9	1,507
	Chris Colley	2.7	1,431
	George Brucato	2.7	1,424

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 52,833
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Nevada District 4

The following candidates ran in the Republican primary for U.S. House Nevada District 4 on June 9, 2020.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Jim Marchant	34.7	15,760
	Sam Peters	28.1	12,755
	Lisa Song Sutton	15.1	6,846
	Charles Navarro	6.3	2,870
	Rebecca Wood	6.3	2,847
	Leo Blundo	4.2	1,923
	Rosalie Bingham	2.9	1,331
	Randi Reed	2.3	1,023

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 45,355
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Catherine Prato (R)
Leo Dunson (R)

2018

See also: Nevada's 4th Congressional District election, 2018

See also: Nevada's 4th Congressional District election (June 12, 2018 Democratic primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House Nevada District 4

The following candidates ran in the general election for U.S. House Nevada District 4 on November 6, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Steven Horsford (D)	51.9	121,962
		Cresent Hardy (R)	43.7	102,748
	Submit photo	Warren Markowitz (Independent American Party)	1.4	3,180
		Rodney Smith (Independent)	1.2	2,733
		Gregg Luckner (L)	0.9	2,213
		Dean McGonigle (Independent)	0.9	2,032

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 234,868 (100.00% precincts reporting)
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Nevada District 4

The following candidates ran in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Nevada District 4 on June 12, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Steven Horsford	61.7	22,730
		Patricia Spearman	15.2	5,613
		Amy Vilela	9.2	3,388
	Submit photo	Allison Stephens	6.0	2,216
		John Anzalone	5.8	2,134
		Sid Zeller	2.0	736

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.	Total votes: 36,817
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Nevada District 4

The following candidates ran in the Republican primary for U.S. House Nevada District 4 on June 12, 2018.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Cresent Hardy	47.4	15,257
	David Gibbs	19.0	6,102
	Bill Townsend	11.4	3,659
	Kenneth Wegner	11.3	3,626
	Jeff Miller	8.0	2,563
	Mike Monroe	3.0	973

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.	Total votes: 32,180
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Independent primary election

No Independent candidates ran in the primary.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Eduardo Hurt (Independent)

2014

See also: Nevada's 4th Congressional District elections, 2014

**U.S. House, Nevada District 4 General Election, 2014**
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Steven Horsford Incumbent	45.8%	59,844
	Republican	Cresent Hardy	48.5%	63,466
	Libertarian	Steve Brown	3.1%	4,119
	Independent American	Russell Best	2.6%	3,352
Total Votes				130,781
Source: Nevada Secretary of State

**U.S. House, Nevada District 4 Democratic Primary, 2014**
Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Steven Horsford Incumbent	84.3%	16,269
Mark Budetich	7.9%	1,532
Sid Zeller	7.8%	1,498
Total Votes		19,299
Source: Nevada Secretary of State - Official Election Results

2012

See also: Nevada's 4th Congressional District elections, 2012

**U.S. House, Nevada District 4 General Election, 2012**
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Steven Horsford	50.1%	120,501
	Republican	Danny Tarkanian	42.1%	101,261
	Libertarian	Joseph P. Silvestri	3.9%	9,341
	Independent American Party of Nevada	Floyd Fitzgibbons	3.9%	9,389
Total Votes				240,492
Source: Nevada Secretary of State "U.S. House of Representatives Results"

2008

See also: Nevada State Senate elections, 2008

Nevada State Senate, Clark 4 District (2008)
Candidates	Votes	Percent
Steven Horsford (D)	25,943	73.81%
Sharon Gobel	7,686	21.87%
Stan Vaughan	1,521	4.33%

2004

See also: Nevada State Senate elections, 2004

Nevada State Senate, Clark 4 District (2004)
Candidates	Votes	Percent
Steven Horsford (D)	22,060	71.82%
Florence Lucier	8,540	27.80%

Campaign themes

2026

Ballotpedia survey responses

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You can ask Steven Horsford to fill out this survey by using the buttons below or emailing info@stevenhorsford.com.

2024

Steven Horsford did not complete Ballotpedia's 2024 Candidate Connection survey.

2022

Steven Horsford did not complete Ballotpedia's 2022 Candidate Connection survey.

2020

Steven Horsford did not complete Ballotpedia's 2020 Candidate Connection survey.

2018

Campaign website

Horsford's campaign website stated the following:

“

Steven Horsford will cut through the chaos and distractions coming out of Washington to deliver on the issues that matter for all of us. In the State Senate and Congress, he fought to improve health care, fund education, invest in clean energy, and more.

Steven will fight for Nevadans to receive the benefits we have earned and the services we deserve. In Congress, he secured $1.5 million for his constituents. From Social Security or veterans’ benefits, to grants for public safety vehicles, to taking on the big banks to help folks stay in their homes, Steven has a record that shows he can get things done.

Making Health Care and Prescriptions More Accessible and Affordable
Steven believes that health care is a right, not a privilege, and he will fight to make health care accessible and affordable. In 2013, he underwent heart surgery. Steven received the medical attention he needed, but he knows many Nevadans are struggling to afford health care and medications. He will work to improve the Affordable Care Act to ensure that quality health care is available for all of us, and stand up against Republican efforts to strip health care away from thousands of Nevadans. He will also work to make prescription medications more affordable and recently announced an Affordable Prescription Plan to reduce the skyrocketing price of lifesaving medications.

Improving Education in Nevada
Steven will fight to properly fund our schools, from Pre-K through high school and college, so that every student in every school can succeed. As Nevada Senate Majority Leader, he helped ensure the state’s budget shortfall did not result in drastic cuts to our classrooms or hurt our students. Now, we must do more to equip our children with the education and skills they need to compete. Working with parent and community organizations, we must demand that all of our schools receive the resources and quality teachers every child needs to learn. We must also ensure that Betsy DeVos, Secretary for the Department of Education, does not slash funding from critical programs or protections for our children.

Creating Jobs and Entrepreneurship Opportunities
Workforce development is Steven’s passion and he is committed to fighting for working families. He supports raising the minimum wage and protecting retirement plans and pensions. He will always advocate for legislation and programs that help Nevadans get the skills they need to succeed and expand their business ownership opportunities. As the leader of the Culinary Academy and Nevada Partners for more than a decade, he helped thousands of Nevadans prepare for new professions and placed thousands in good-paying jobs. And, in 2014, he started his own small business focused on creating job training opportunities for underserved communities.

Advancing Women's Rights
Steven will fight for women’s rights. He supports equal pay so that women receive the same pay as their male peers for the same work, and, in Congress, he co-sponsored H.R. 377, the Paycheck Fairness Act, to prohibit wage discrimination based on gender. He has always supported reproductive freedom, including a woman’s right to make her own health care decisions, and access to all reproductive healthcare options, and paid family leave. In Congress, he also co-sponsored the reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act as well as legislation to investigate, prevent, and reduce sexual assault incidents in the Armed Forces.

Protecting Retirement and Seniors
Steven will fight to protect Seniors and their quality of life in their golden years. He will stop attempts to privatize Social Security or voucherize Medicare and prevent all attempts to raise the retirement age. He will advocate for increased funding for long-term caregiving options that serve those with additional needs. He will also support other senior programs, including support for caregivers and home-delivered meals, providing our aging populations with the opportunities to remain independent and living at home.

Ending the Gun Violence Epidemic
Steven will fight to expand background checks and ban bump stocks. He supports reinstating the assault weapons ban. He lost his father to gun violence at a young age, and, as a parent, he wants for every child what he wants for his own--for them to be safe at school and in our communities.

Fighting for Immigration Reform
In 2013, Steven was one of five original cosponsors of H.R.15, the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act. This comprehensive immigration reform package would have funded border security and provided a pathway to citizenship. Steven will continue to work to pass immigration reform and strengthen Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival (DACA) and other protections for young people. Steven will fight for Dreamers and families caught in a broken immigration system.

Advocating for Clean Energy, Conservation, and the Environment
Steven will fight to protect our air, water, land, and wildlife and address the climate crisis. In Congress, Steven led on legislation to protect our parks and public lands, including bills that designated the Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument and the Wovoka Wilderness. As Nevada Senate Majority Leader, he led the passage the largest increase in the state’s Renewable Portfolio Standard as well as the Clean Energy Jobs Initiative to expand our clean energy economy and ensure Nevadans were able to succeed in these emerging careers.

Defending Our Democracy
Steven will fight to protect our democracy. He will work to strengthen the Voting Rights Act and other policies that expand voter participation, including automatic and same-day voter registration measures. He also supports legislation to overturn Citizens United. In Congress, he co-sponsored H.R. 20, The Government By The People Act, to tackle the problems stemming from the influence of money in our politics.

Addressing Housing Affordability and Homelessness
Many Nevadans are still underwater in their homes, and many others cannot access affordable housing. Steven will advocate for legislation to provide relief for homeowners who were able to stay in their home but lost equity during the recession, and he will fight for funding and programs that create affordable housing alternatives in Nevada.

Investing in Transportation and Infrastructure
Steven will fight for all communities in the 4th District and make sure they are well-positioned to take full advantage of expanded transportation and infrastructure projects. He co-chaired the bipartisan I-11 caucus when he was in Congress, connecting Las Vegas and Phoenix by interstate and laying the groundwork for a network to stretch from Canada to Mexico. He also advocated for additional road projects, including finishing the 215 in Clark County, and he will work to secure additional resources to invest in public transportation to reduce traffic congestion and pollution in our community.

Serving Veterans and Military Families
Steven will deliver for veterans and military families, especially those at military installations in the 4th District. In Congress, he helped secure $78.5 million for Nellis Air Force Base, and he will continue to fight for the resources needed to prepare our men and women in uniform and ensure their families have access to great education and support services.

Steven will always fight for the approximately 300,000 veterans in Nevada. In Congress, he led on legislation, like the Putting Our Veterans Back to Work Act, to reduce veteran unemployment by training veterans for careers in high-demand occupations. He pushed the Veterans Administration to speed up the construction of the Community Based Outreach Clinic in Pahrump, which is now open and providing essential services. He will also advocate for legislation to protect veterans’ and survivors’ benefits, end homelessness, provide mental health assistance, and ensure the VA has the resource to fully take care of the men and women who served our country.^[5]

”

—Nevadans for Steven Horsford^[6]

Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Steven Horsford campaign contribution history
Year	Office	Status	Contributions	Expenditures
2026*	U.S. House Nevada District 4	Candidacy Declared general	$906,136	$423,228
2024*	U.S. House Nevada District 4	Won general	$5,441,413	$5,497,225
2022	U.S. House Nevada District 4	Won general	$4,956,048	$5,389,863
2020	U.S. House Nevada District 4	Won general	$3,516,730	$3,048,785
2018	U.S. House Nevada District 4	Won general	$2,283,287	$2,255,315
Grand total			$17,103,615	$16,614,417
Sources: OpenSecrets, Federal Elections Commission *This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* Data from this year may not be complete

Notable endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section displays endorsements this individual made in elections within Ballotpedia's coverage scope.

Notable candidate endorsements by Steven Horsford
Endorsee	Election	Stage	Outcome
Kamala D. Harris ^source (D, Working Families Party)	President of the United States (2024)	Primary	Lost General
Adam Hollier ^source	U.S. House Michigan District 13 (2024)	Primary	–
Barbara Lee ^source (D)	U.S. Senate California (2024)	Primary	Lost Primary
Joe Biden ^source (D, Working Families Party)	President of the United States (2020)	Primary	Won General

Personal finance disclosures

Members of the House are required to file financial disclosure reports. You can search disclosure reports on the House’s official website here.

Analysis

Below are links to scores and rankings Ballotpedia compiled for members of Congress. We chose analyses that help readers understand how each individual legislator fit into the context of the chamber as a whole in terms of ideology, bill advancement, bipartisanship, and more.

If you would like to suggest an analysis for inclusion in this section, please email editor@ballotpedia.org.

119th Congress (2025-2027)

Rankings and scores for the 119th Congress

118th Congress (2023-2025)

Rankings and scores for the 118th Congress

117th Congress (2021-2023)

Rankings and scores for the 117th Congress

116th Congress (2019-2021)

Rankings and scores for the 116th Congress

Voting alignment with the president

Analysis of percentage of votes that aligned with the president's positions

GovTrack Ideology scores

Ideological scores for members of Congress based on patterns of co-sponsorship

Center for Effective Lawmaking scores

Effectiveness scores based on bills sponsored, actions taken on sponsored bills, and substantiveness of bills

Lugar - McCourt Bipartisan Index

Bipartisan rankings based on cross-party bill co-sponsorship

Noteworthy events

Admission to allegations of extramarital affair

See also: Noteworthy sexual affairs in American politics (2019-2020)

In May 2020, former US Senate intern Gabriela Linder told the Las Vegas Review-Journal that she had an affair with Horsford beginning in 2009 and ending in 2019. Linder had begun sharing alleged details of the affair under a pseudonym on a podcast and linked Twitter account titled "Mistress for Congress" in April 2020. She said that she met Horsford while interning for Sen. Harry Reid (D) in 2009.^[7]

A spokeswoman for Horsford issued the following statement confirming that Horsford engaged in an extramarital affair: "It is true that I had a previous consensual relationship with another adult outside of my marriage, over the course of several years. I’m deeply sorry to all of those who have been impacted by this very poor decision, most importantly my wife and family."^[8]

American involvement in Syria

See also: United States involvement in Syria

Horsford released the following statement on September 11, 2013:^[9]

“

I commend President Obama for continuing to pursue a dialogue about the situation in Syria that is transparent and open. His decision to engage Congress has resulted in a comprehensive discussion of choices facing our country.

To start, there were no good options regarding Syria. I have repeatedly voiced concern over the use of military force without a multinational coalition of partners, the costs of a potential strike, and the long-term ramifications of any action.

Now there appears to be an opening for a potential diplomatic solution, working with the Russians and the international community, to secure Syrian chemical weapons. I support negotiations to the extent they help achieve that end. Pressure from the United States will likely prove to be the linchpin of any final agreement, and I support the President in his efforts to divest the Assad regime of its chemical weapons through international means. ^[5]

”

—Steven Horsford

State Senate fundraising email

In August 2010, Horsford, who was the Nevada Senate majority leader, sent an email to potential supporters of 2010 Democratic candidates offering receptions and dinners with him and other Democratic leaders in return for campaign contributions. For example, the email stated, "Organizations or individuals that contribute $25,000 or more will receive a private dinner with the Senate majority leader and chairs of all the standing committees... The dinner will permit up to 10 invited guests to accompany the Victory Leadership Circle Member."^[10]

State Republican Party Chairman Mark Amodei criticized the email, saying, "You are supposed to be a citizen Legislature. It’s too bad we have to import this full time professional Legislature view for access to leadership in the Nevada Senate."^[10]

Horsford rescinded the offer and publicly apologized, saying, "If our fundraising letter has been misconstrued, we deeply apologize."^[11]

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023-2025

The 118th United States Congress began on January 3, 2023, and ended on January 3, 2025. At the start of the session, Republicans held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-212), and Democrats held the majority in the U.S. Senate (51-49). Joe Biden (D) was the president and Kamala Harris (D) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023-2025

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (H.R. 2670) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 22, 2023, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2024. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.^[12]

Passed (310-118)^[13]

Yea

To terminate the requirement imposed by the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for proof of COVID-19 vaccination for foreign travelers, and for other purposes.

H.R. 185 (To terminate the requirement imposed by the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for proof of COVID-19 vaccination for foreign travelers, and for other purposes.) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to nullify a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) order restricting the entry of foreign citizens to the United States unless the individual was vaccinated against the coronavirus or attested they would take public health measures to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[14]

Passed (227-201)^[15]

Nay

Limit, Save, Grow Act of 2023

The Limit, Save, Grow Act of 2023 (H.R. 2811) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to raise the federal debt limit before a June 5, 2023, deadline. The bill also sought to repeal certain green energy tax credits, increase domestic natural gas and oil production, expand work requirements for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program, and nullify President Joe Biden's (D) proposed student loan debt cancellation program. This bill was not taken up in the Senate, and the debt limit was instead raised through the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[16]

Passed (217-215)^[17]

Yea

Denouncing the horrors of socialism.

H.Con.Res. 9 (Denouncing the horrors of socialism.) was a resolution approved by the House of Representatives denouncing socialism and opposing the implementation of socialist policies in the United States. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.^[18]

Passed (328-86)^[19]

Nay

Lower Energy Costs Act

The Lower Energy Costs Act (H.R. 1) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to increase domestic energy production and exports by increasing the production of oil, natural gas, and coal, reducing permitting restrictions for pipelines, refineries, and other energy projects, and increase the production of minerals used in electronics, among other energy production-related policies. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[20]

Passed (225-204)^[21]

Nay

Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".

H.J.Res. 30 (Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the 118th Congress and vetoed by President Joe Biden (D) on March 20, 2023. This was Biden's first veto of his presidency. The resolution sought to nullify a Department of Labor rule that amended the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to allow retirement plans to consider certain environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors in investment-related decisions. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.^[22] Click here to read more.

Passed (219-200)^[23]

Nay

Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.

H.J.Res. 7 (Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on April 10, 2023. The resolution ended the national coronavirus state of emergency, which began on March 13, 2020. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.^[24] Click here to read more.

Passed (229-197)^[25]

Yea

Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023

The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (H.R. 3746) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 3, 2023. The bill raised the federal debt limit until January 2025. The bill also capped non-defense spending in fiscal year 2024, rescinded unspent coronavirus relief funding, rescinded some Internal Revenue Service (IRS) funding, enhanced work requirements for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program (TANF), simplified environmental reviews for energy projects, and ended the student loan debt repayment pause in August 2023. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[26] Click here to read more.

Passed (314-117)^[27]

Rep. Hakeem Jeffries (D-N.Y.)

Speaker of the House election (January 2023) - 15th vote

In January 2023, the House of Representatives held its regular election for Speaker of the House at the start of the 118th Congress. Voting began on January 3, and ended on January 7. Rep. Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) was elected speaker of the House in a 216-212 vote during the 15th round of voting. In order to elect a Speaker of the House, a majority of votes cast for a person by name was required.^[28] Click here to read more.

Rep. Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) (216-212)

Yea

Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant.

H.Res. 757 (Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant.) was a resolution passed by the House of Representatives that removed Rep. Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) from his position as Speaker of the House. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.^[29] Click here to read more.

Passed (216-210)^[30]

Rep. Hakeem Jeffries (D-N.Y.)

Speaker of the House election (October 2023) - 4th vote

In October 2023, following Rep. Kevin McCarthy's (R-Calif.) removal as Speaker of the House, the House of Representatives held another election for the position. Voting began on October 17 and ended on October 25. Rep. Mike Johnson (R-La.) was elected Speaker of the House in a 220-209 vote in the fourth round of voting. In order to elect a Speaker of the House, a majority of votes cast for a person by name was required.^[31] Click here to read more.

Rep. Mike Johnson (R-La.) (220-209)

Nay

Directing certain committees to continue their ongoing investigations as part of the existing House of Representatives inquiry into whether sufficient grounds exist for the House of Representatives to exercise its Constitutional power to impeach Joseph Biden, President of the United States of America, and for other purposes.

H.Res. 918 (Directing certain committees to continue their ongoing investigations as part of the existing House of Representatives inquiry into whether sufficient grounds exist for the House of Representatives to exercise its Constitutional power to impeach Joseph Biden, President of the United States of America, and for other purposes.) was a resolution passed by the House of Representatives that formally authorized an impeachment inquiry into President Joe Biden (D). The inquiry focused on allegations that Biden used his influence as vice president from 2009 to 2017 to improperly profit from his son Hunter Biden's business dealings. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.^[32] Click here to read more.

Passed (221-212)^[33]

Yea

Providing for the expulsion of Representative George Santos from the United States House of Representatives.

H.Res. 878 (Providing for the expulsion of Representative George Santos from the United States House of Representatives.) was a resolution passed by the House of Representatives that removed Rep. George Santos (R-N.Y.) from office following a House Ethics Committee investigation that determined there was substantial evidence that Santos violated the law during his 2020 and 2022 campaigns. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.^[34]

Passed (311-114)^[35]

Yea

The Social Security Fairness Act of 2023

The Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 (H.R. 82) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on January 5, 2025, that reduced Social Security benefits for individuals who received other pensions from state or local governments. It also eliminated an offset that would reduce benefits for spouses and widows of individuals with government pensions. It also eliminated a provision that reduced benefits for an individual who received a pension or disability benefit from an employer that did not withhold Social Security taxes. This bill required a 2/3rds majority vote to pass.^[36]

Passed (327-75)^[37]

Nay

Secure the Border Act of 2023

The Secure the Border Act of 2023 (H.R. 2) was passed by the U.S. House on May 11, 2024. This bill would have introduced limits to asylum eligibility and required employers to use electronic verification of employee's legal eligibility to work. This bill required a simple majority vote.^[38]

Passed (219-213)^[39]

Nay

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024

The Consolidated Appropriations Act 2024 (H.R. 4366) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 9, 2024, authorizing appropriations for various government departments for the fiscal year 2024. The bill required a majority vote to pass.^[40]

Passed (219-211)^[41]

Yea

Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024

The Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 (H.R. 7024) was a bill passed by the U.S. House on January 31, 2024, that would have modified the U.S. tax code, increasing how much money can be given back in credits and what is exempt. This bill required a 2/3rds majority vote to pass.^[42]

Passed (357-70)^[43]

Nay

Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025

The Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (H.R. 8070) was passed by the U.S. House on June 14, 2024. The bill would have modified defense spending in the fiscal year 2025. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report. ^[44]

Passed (217-199)^[45]

Yea

Antisemitism Awareness Act of 2023

The Antisemitism Awareness Act of 2023 (H.R. 6090) was passed by the U.S. House on May 1, 2024. This bill made it so the Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights could have the authority to use the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance's definition of antisemitism when investigating cases of discrimination. This bill required a simple majority vote to pass.^[46]

Passed (320-91)^[47]

Yea

FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024

The FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 (H.R.3935) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on May 16, 2024, that reauthorized Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) funding until fiscal year 2028. The bill also made other modifications to address various department-related issues. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.^[48]

Passed (387-26)^[49]

Nay

Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act

The Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act (H.R. 9495) was passed by the U.S. House on November 21, 2024. The bill would have postponed U.S. tax deadlines for citizens who were wrongfully detained abroad. This bill required a simple majority to pass.^[50]

Passed (219-184)^[51]

Nay

Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors.

H.Res.863, Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors, passed the U.S. House on February 13, 2024. The resolution impeached U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas (D) for high crimes and misdemeanors. The motion to impeach required a majority in the House and a 2/3rds vote in the Senate.^[52]

Passed (214-213)^[53]

Yea

Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025

H.R.9747, the Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025, was passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 26, 2024, providing funding to federal agencies, including the Secret Service, and federal programs for the 2025 fiscal year. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.^[54]

Passed (341-82)^[55]

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Key votes (click "show" to expand or "hide" to contract)

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023

The 117th United States Congress began on January 3, 2021 and ended on January 3, 2023. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-213), and the U.S. Senate had a 50-50 makeup. Democrats assumed control of the Senate on January 20, 2021, when President Joe Biden (D) and Vice President Kamala Harris (D), who acted as a tie-breaking vote in the chamber, assumed office. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684) was a federal infrastructure bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on November 15, 2021. Among other provisions, the bill provided funding for new infrastructure projects and reauthorizations, Amtrak maintenance and development, bridge repair, replacement, and rehabilitation, clean drinking water, high-speed internet, and clean energy transmission and power infrastructure upgrades. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[56] Click here to read more.

Passed (228-206)

Yea

American Rescue Plan Act of 2021

The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (H.R. 1319) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 11, 2021, to provide economic relief in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Key features of the bill included funding for a national vaccination program and response, funding to safely reopen schools, distribution of $1,400 per person in relief payments, and extended unemployment benefits. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[57] Click here to read more.

Passed (220-210)

Yea

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (H.R. 5376) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 16, 2022, to address climate change, healthcare costs, and tax enforcement. Key features of the bill included a $369 billion investment to address energy security and climate change, an extension of Affordable Care Act subsidies, allowing Medicare to negotiate certain drug prices, a 15% corporate minimum tax, a 1% stock buyback fee, and enhanced Internal Revenue Service (IRS) enforcement, and an estimated $300 billion deficit reduction from 2022-2031. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[58] Click here to read more.

Passed (220-207)

Yea

Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act

The Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act (H.R. 3617) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to decriminalize marijuana, establish studies of legal marijuana sales, tax marijuana imports and production, and establish a process to expunge and review federal marijuana offenses. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[59]

Passed (220-204)

Yea

For the People Act of 2021

The For the People Act of 2021 (H.R. 1) was a federal election law and government ethics bill approved by the House of Representatives. The Congressional Research Service said the bill would "expand voter registration (e.g., automatic and same-day registration) and voting access (e.g., vote-by-mail and early voting). It [would also limit] removing voters from voter rolls. ... Further, the bill [would address] campaign finance, including by expanding the prohibition on campaign spending by foreign nationals, requiring additional disclosure of campaign-related fundraising and spending, requiring additional disclaimers regarding certain political advertising, and establishing an alternative campaign funding system for certain federal offices." The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[60] Click here to read more.

Passed (220-210)

Yea

Assault Weapons Ban of 2022

The Assault Weapons Ban of 2022 (H.R. 1808) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives that sought to criminalize the knowing import, sale, manufacture, transfer, or possession of semiautomatic assault weapons (SAW) or large capacity ammunition feeding devices (LCAFD). The bill made exemptions for grandfathered SAWs and LCAFDs. It required a simple majority vote in the House.^[61]

Passed (217-213)

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (S. 1605) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 27, 2021, authorizing Department of Defense acitivities and programs for fiscal year 2022. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[62]

Passed (363-70)

Yea

James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023

The James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (H.R. 7776) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2023. The bill required a 2/3 majority in the House to suspend rules and pass the bill as amended.^[63]

Passed (350-80)

Yea

American Dream and Promise Act of 2021

The American Dream and Promise Act of 2021 (H.R. 6) was an immigration bill approved by the House of Representatives that proposed a path to permanent residence status for unauthorized immigrants eligible for Temporary Protected Status or Deferred Enforced Departure, among other immigration-related proposals. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[64]

Passed (228-197)

Yea

Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022

The Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022 (S. 3373) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 10, 2022, that sought to address healthcare access, the presumption of service-connection, and research, resources, and other matters related to veterans who were exposed to toxic substances during military service. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[65]

Passed (342-88)

Yea

Chips and Science Act

The Chips and Science Act (H.R. 4346) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 9, 2022, which sought to fund domestic production of semiconductors and authorized various federal science agency programs and activities. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[66]

Passed (243-187)

Yea

Women’s Health Protection Act of 2021

The Women's Health Protection Act of 2021 (H.R. 3755) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives. The bill proposed prohibiting governmental restrictions on the provision of and access to abortion services and prohibiting governments from issuing some other abortion-related restrictions. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[67]

Passed (218-211)

Yea

SAFE Banking Act of 2021

The SAFE Banking Act of 2021 (H.R. 1996) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives that proposed prohibiting federal regulators from penalizing banks for providing services to legitimate cannabis-related businesses and defining proceeds from such transactions as not being proceeds from unlawful activity, among other related proposals. Since the House moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill in an expedited process, it required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.^[68]

Passed (321-101)

Yea

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (H.R. 2471) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 15, 2022, providing for the funding of federal agencies for the remainder of 2022, providing funding for activities related to Ukraine, and modifying or establishing various programs. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[69]

Passed (260-171)

Yea

Equality Act

The Equality Act (H.R. 5) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that proposed prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity in areas including public accommodations and facilities, education, federal funding, employment, housing, credit, and the jury system, among other related proposals. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[70]

Passed (224-206)

Yea

Respect for Marriage Act

The Respect for Marriage Act (H.R. 8404) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 13, 2022. The bill codified the recognition of marriages between individuals of the same sex and of different races, ethnicities, or national origins, and provided that the law would not impact religious liberty or conscience protections, or provide grounds to compel nonprofit religious organizations to recognize same-sex marriages. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[71] Click here to read more.

Passed (258-169)

Yea

Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023

The Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (H.R. 6833) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2022. It provided for some fiscal year 2023 appropriations, supplemental funds for Ukraine, and extended several other programs and authorities. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[72]

Passed (230-201)

Yea

Consumer Fuel Price Gouging Prevention Act

The Consumer Fuel Price Gouging Prevention Act (H.R. 7688) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to prohibit individuals from selling consumer fuels at excessive prices during a proclaimed energy emergency. It would have also required the Federal Trade Commission to investigate whether the price of gasoline was being manipulated. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[73]

Passed (217-207)

Yea

Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2021

The Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2021 (H.R. 8) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to prohibit the transfer of firearms between private parties unless a licensed firearm vendor conducted a background check on the recipient. The bill also provided for certain exceptions to this requirement. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[74]

Passed (227-203)

Yea

Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act

The Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act was a federal elections bill approved by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate in a failed cloture vote that sought to, among other provisions, make Election Day a public holiday, allow for same-day voter registration, establish minimum early voting periods, and allow absentee voting for any reason, restrict the removal of local election administrators in federal elections, regulate congressional redistricting, expand campaign finance disclosure rules for some organizations, and amend the Voting Rights Act to require some states to obtain clearance from the U.S. Department of Justice before implementing new election laws. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[75] Click here to read more.

Passed (220-203)

Yea

Bipartisan Safer Communities Act

The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (S. 2938) was a firearm regulation and mental health bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 25, 2022. Provisions of the bill included expanding background checks for individuals under the age of 21, providing funding for mental health services, preventing individuals who had been convicted of a domestic violence misdemeanor or felony in dating relationships from purchasing firearms for five years, providing funding for state grants to implement crisis intervention order programs, and providing funding for community-based violence prevention initiatives. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[76] Click here to read more.

Passed (234-193)

Yea

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.

This was a resolution before the 117th Congress setting forth an article of impeachment saying that Donald Trump (R) incited an insurrection against the government of the United States on January 6, 2021. The House of Representatives approved the article of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of the charges. The article of impeachment required a simple majority vote in the House.^[77] Click here to read more.

Passed (232-197)

Yea

Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022

The Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act was a bill passed by the 117th Congress in the form of an amendment to a year-end omnibus funding bill that was signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022. The bill changed the procedure for counting electoral votes outlined in the Electoral Count Act of 1887. Elements of the bill included specifying that the vice president's role at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes is ministerial, raising the objection threshold at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes to one-fifth of the members of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, identifying governors as the single official responsible for submitting the certificate of ascertainment identifying that state’s electors, and providing for expedited judicial review of certain claims about states' certificates identifying their electors. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[78] Click here to read more.

Passed (225-201)

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021

The 116th United States Congress began on January 9, 2019, and ended on January 3, 2021. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (235-200), and Republicans held the majority in the U.S. Senate (53-47). Donald Trump (R) was the president and Mike Pence (R) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2020

The Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2020 (H.R. 1044) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives seeking to increase the cap on employment-based visas, establish certain rules governing such visas, and impose some additional requirements on employers hiring holders of such visas. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to suspend the rules and pass the bill as amended.^[79]

Passed (365-65)

Yea

The Heroes Act

The HEROES Act (H.R. 6800) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to address the COVID-19 outbreak by providing $1,200 payments to individuals, extending and expanding the moratorium on some evictions and foreclosures, outlining requirements and establishing finding for contact tracing and COVID-19 testing, providing emergency supplemental appropriations to federal agencies for fiscal year 2020, and eliminating cost-sharing for COVID-19 treatments. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[80]

Passed (208-199)

Yea

For the People Act of 2019

The For the People Act of 2019 (H.R.1) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to protect election security, revise rules on campaign funding, introduce new provisions related to ethics, establish independent, nonpartisan redistricting commissions, and establish new rules on the release of tax returns for presidential and vice presidential candidates. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[81]

Passed (234-193)

Yea

CARES Act

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (H.R. 748) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on March 27, 2020, that expanded benefits through the joint federal-state unemployment insurance program during the coronavirus pandemic. The legislation also included $1,200 payments to certain individuals, funding for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, and funds for businesses, hospitals, and state and local governments. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.^[82]

Passed (419-6)

Yea

Equality Act

The Equality Act (H.R. 5) was a bill approved by the House Representatives that sought to ban discrimination based on sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity by expanding the definition of establishments that fall under public accomodation and prohibiting the denial of access to a shared facility that is in agreement with an indiviual's gender indenitity. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[83]

Passed (236-173)

Yea

Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019

The Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019 (H.R. 8) was a bill approved by the House that sought to ban firearm transfers between private parties unless a licensed gun dealer, manufacturer, or importer first takes possession of the firearm to conduct a background check. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[84]

Passed (240-190)

Yea

American Dream and Promise Act of 2019

The American Dream and Promise Act of 2019 (H.R.6) was a bill approved by the House Representatives that sought to protect certain immigrants from removal proceedings and provide a path to permanent resident status by establishing streamlined procedures for permanant residency and canceling removal proceedings against certain qualifed individuals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[85]

Passed (237-187)

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (S. 1790) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, setting policies and appropriations for the Department of Defense. Key features of this bill include appropriations for research/development, procurement, military construction, and operation/maintenence, as well as policies for paid family leave, North Korea nuclear sanctions, limiting the use of criminal history in federal hiring and contracting, military housing privatization, and paid family leave for federal personnel. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[86]

Passed (377-48)

Yea

Families First Coronavirus Response Act

The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (H.R. 6201) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on March 18, 2020, addressing the COVID-19 pandemic by increasing access to unemployment benefits and food assistance, increasing funding for Medicaid, providing free testing for COVID-19, and requiring employers to provide paid sick time to employees who cannot work due to COVID-19. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.^[87]

Passed (363-40)

Yea

Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act of 2019

The Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act (H.R. 1994) was a bill passed by the House Representatives that sought to change the requirements for employer provided retirement plans, IRAs, and other tax-favored savings accounts by modfying the requirements for things such as loans, lifetime income options, required minimum distributions, the eligibility rules for certain long-term, part-time employees, and nondiscrimination rules. The bill also sought to treat taxable non-tuition fellowship and stipend payments as compensation for the purpose of an IRA, repeal the maximum age for traditional IRA contributions, increase penalties for failing to file tax returns, allow penalty-free withdrawals from retirement plans if a child is born or adopted, and expand the purposes for which qualified tuition programs may be used. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House. ^[88]

Passed (417-3)

Yea

Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act

The Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act (H.R. 3) was a bill approved by the House Representatives that sought to address the price of healthcare by requiring the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to negotiate prices for certain drugs, requiring drug manufactures to issue rebates for certain drugs covered under Medicare, requiring drug price transparency from drug manufacturers, expanding Medicare coverage, and providing funds for certain public health programs. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[89]

Passed (230-192)

Yea

Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020

The Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 1865) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, providing appropriations for federal agencies in fiscal year 2020. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[90]

Passed (297-120)

Yea

Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019

The Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019 (S. 1838) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on November 27, 2019, directing several federal departments to assess Hong Kong's unique treatment under U.S. law. Key features of the bill include directing the Department of State to report and certify annually to Congress as to whether Hong Kong is sufficiently autonomous from China to justify its unique treatment, and directing the Department of Commerce to report annually to Congress on China's efforts to use Hong Kong to evade U.S. export controls and sanctions. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.^[91]

Passed (417-1)

Yea

MORE Act of 2020

The MORE Act of 2020 (H.R. 3884) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to decriminalize marijuana by removing marijuana as a scheduled controlled substance and eliminating criminal penalties for an individual who manufactures, distributes, or possesses marijuana. This bill required a simple majority vote from the House.^[92]

Passed (228-164)

Yea

Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020

The Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 6074) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on March 6, 2020, providing emergency funding to federal agencies in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Key features of the bill include funding for vaccine research, small business loans, humanitarian assistance to affected foreign countries, emergency preparedness, and grants for public health agencies and organizations. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to suspend the rules and pass the bill.^[93]

Passed (415-2)

Yea

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (H.J.Res. 31) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on February 15, 2019, providing approrations for Fiscal Year 2019. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[94]

Passed (300 -128)

Yea

John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act

The John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act (S. 47) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Doanld Trump on March 12, 2019. This bill sought to set provisions for federal land management and conservation by doing things such as conducting land exchanges and conveyances, establishing programs to respond to wildfires, and extending and reauthorizing wildlife conservation programs. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.^[95]

Passed (363-62)

Yea

William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (On passage)

The William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R. 6395) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump on December 23, 2020. Congress voted to override Trump's veto, and the bill became law on January 1, 2021. The bill set Department of Defense policies and appropriations for Fiscal Year 2021. Trump vetoed the bill due to disagreement with provisions related to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the renaming of certain military installations, limits on emergency military construction fund usage, and limits on troop withdrawals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House on passage, and a two-thirds majority vote in the House to override Trump's veto.^[96]

Passed (335-78)

Yea

William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Overcoming veto)

The William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R. 6395) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump on December 23, 2020. Congress voted to override Trump's veto, and the bill became law on January 1, 2021. The bill set Department of Defense policies and appropriations for Fiscal Year 2021. Trump vetoed the bill due to disagreement with provisions related to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the renaming of certain military installations, limits on emergency military construction fund usage, and limits on troop withdrawals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House on passage, and a two-thirds majority vote in the House to override Trump's veto.^[97]

Passed (322-87)

Yea

Government Employee Fair Treatment Act of 2019

The Government Employee Fair Treatment Act of 2019 (S.24) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on January 16, 2019, that requires federal employees who were furloughed or compelled to work during a lapse in government funding to be compensated for that time. The bill also required those employees to be compensated as soon as the lapse in funding ends, irregardless of official pay date. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to suspend the rules and pass the bill.^[98]

Passed (411-7)

Yea

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. (Article 1)

The 2020 impeachment of Donald Trump (R) was a resolution before the 116th Congress to set forth two articles of impeachment saying that Trump abused his power and obstructed congress. The first article was related to allegations that Trump requested the Ukrainian government investigate former Vice President Joe Biden (D) and his son, Hunter Biden, in exchange for aid, and the second was related to Trump's response to the impeachment inquiry. The House of Representatives approved both articles of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of either charge. The articles of impeachment required a simple majority vote in the House. ^[99]

Guilty (230-197)

Yea

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. (Article 2)

The 2020 impeachment of Donald Trump (R) was a resolution before the 116th Congress to set forth two articles of impeachment saying that Trump abused his power and obstructed congress. The first article was related to allegations that Trump requested the Ukrainian government investigate former Vice President Joe Biden (D) and his son, Hunter Biden, in exchange for aid, and the second was related to Trump's response to the impeachment inquiry. The House of Representatives approved both articles of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of either charge. The articles of impeachment required a simple majority vote in the House. ^[100]

Guilty (229-198)

113th Congress

The second session of the 113th Congress enacted into law 224 out of the 3215 introduced bills (7 percent). Comparatively, the 112th Congress had 4.2 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.^[101] For more information pertaining to Horsford's voting record in the 113th Congress, please see the below sections.^[102]

National security

NDAA

Horsford supported HR 1960 - the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014. The bill passed the House on June 14, 2013, with a vote of 315 - 108. Both parties were somewhat divided on the vote.^[103]

DHS Appropriations

Horsford voted in opposition of HR 2217 - the DHS Appropriations Act of 2014. The bill passed the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 245 - 182 and was largely along party lines.^[103]

Keystone Pipeline Amendment

Horsford voted in favor of House Amendment 69, which would have amended HR 3 to "require that the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, in consultation with the Department of Homeland Security, conduct a study of the vulnerabilities of the Keystone XL pipeline to a terrorist attack and certify that necessary protections have been put in place." The amendment failed on May 22, 2013, with a vote of 176 - 239 and was largely along party lines.^[103]

CISPA (2013)

Horsford supported HR 624 - the CISPA (2013). The bill passed the House on April 18, 2013, with a vote of 288 - 127. The bill permitted federal intelligence agencies to share cybersecurity intelligence and information with private entities and utilities.^[104] The bill was largely supported by Republicans, but divided the Democratic Party.^[103]

Economy

Farm Bill

See also: United States Farm Bill 2013

Horsford did not vote on the Farm Bill on July 11, 2013. The bill passed in a 216-208 vote.^[105] The bill passed included farm policy, but did not include food stamps.^[106]

Government shutdown

See also: United States budget debate, 2013

On September 30, 2013, the House passed a final stopgap spending bill before the shutdown went into effect. The bill included a one-year delay of the Affordable Care Act's individual mandate and would have also stripped the bill of federal subsidies for congressional members and staff. It passed through the House with a vote of 228-201.^[107] At 1 a.m. on October 1, 2013, one hour after the shutdown officially began, the House voted to move forward with going to a conference. In short order, Sen. Harry Reid rejected the call to conference.^[108] Horsford voted to approve the stopgap spending bill that would have delayed the individual mandate.^[107]

The shutdown ended on October 16, 2013, when the House took a vote on HR 2775 after it was approved by the Senate. The bill to reopen the government lifted the $16.7 trillion debt limit and funded the government through January 15, 2014. Federal employees also received retroactive pay for the shutdown period. The only concession made by Senate Democrats was to require income verification for Obamacare subsidies.^[109] The House passed the legislation shortly after the Senate, by a vote of 285-144, with all 144 votes against the legislation coming from Republican members. Horsford voted for HR 2775.^[110]

Immigration

Morton Memos Prohibition

Horsford voted against House Amendment 136 - Prohibits the Enforcement of the Immigration Executive Order. The amendment was adopted by the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 224 - 201. The purpose of the amendment as stated on the official text is to "prohibit the use of funds to finalize, implement, administer, or enforce the Morton Memos." These memos would have granted administrative amnesty to certain individuals residing in the United States without legal status.^[111] The vote largely followed party lines.^[112]

Healthcare

Repealing Obamacare

Horsford has voted against several attempts to repeal or delay the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.^[113]

Social issues

Abortion

Horsford voted against HR 1797 - Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act. The resolution passed the House on June 18, 2013, with a vote of 228 - 196. The purpose of the bill was to ban abortions that would take place 20 or more weeks after fertilization.^[114]

State legislative tenure

Scorecards

Nevada Policy Research Institute

See also: Nevada Policy Research Institute's Legislative Report Card (2011)

The Nevada Policy Research Institute, a Nevada-based conservative-libertarian think tank, releases a "Legislative Report Card" evaluating members of the Nevada State Legislature on "each lawmaker's voting record on legislation impacting the degree of economic freedom and education reform." Bills determined by the Institute to be of greater significance are weighted accordingly. According to the Institute, "a legislator with a score above 50 is considered to be an ally of economic liberty."^[115]

2011=

Horsford received a score of 35.55 percent in the 2011 report card, ranking 27th out of all 63 Nevada State Legislature members.^[115]

Committee assignments

2011-2012

In the 2011-2012 legislative session, Horsford served on the following committees:

2009-2010

In the 2009-2010 legislative session, Horsford served on the following committees:

External links

Search Google News for this topic

Candidate

U.S. House Nevada District 4

Officeholder

U.S. House Nevada District 4

Personal

Footnotes

Political offices
Preceded by Ruben J. Kihuen (D)	U.S. House Nevada District 4 2019-Present	Succeeded by -
Preceded by -	U.S. House Nevada District 4 2013-2015	Succeeded by Cresent Hardy (R)
Preceded by -	Nevada State Senate Clark 4 2004-2013	Succeeded by -

[show]

Nevada's current delegation to the United States Congress

Senators

Catherine Masto (D)

Jacky Rosen (D)

Representatives

District 1

Dina Titus (D)

District 2

Mark Amodei (R)

District 3

Susie Lee (D)

District 4

Steven Horsford (D)

Democratic Party (5)

Republican Party (1)

[1] Horsford, Steven A. (1973- )," accessed January 29, 2019

[nj-2] National Journal, "Nevada, 4th House District: Steven Horsford (D)," accessed November 7, 2012

[3] Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "HORSFORD, Steven," accessed September 19, 2025

[4] CQ.com, "House Committee Rosters for the 113th Congress," accessed January 23, 2013

[quotedisclaimer-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.

[6] Steven Horsford for Congress, "On the Issues," accessed September 26, 2018

[7] Las Vegas Review-Journal, "Horsford admits to extramarital affair after podcaster discloses relationship," May 15, 2020

[8] Roll Call, "Horsford’s extramarital affair with former Senate intern shows how narrow House rules are," May 21, 2020

[9] House.gov, "Horsford Press Release on Syria," accessed September 16, 2013

[play-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Nevada News Bureau, "Nevada Senate Democrats Offer Access In Exchange For PAC Contributions, GOP Criticizes ‘Pay To Play’," accessed June 19, 2013

[11] Las Vegas Review-Journal, "Horsford rescinds letter soliciting contributions in exchange for access," August 19, 2010

[12] Congress.gov, "H.R.2670 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024," accessed February 23, 2024

[13] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 723," December 14, 2023

[14] Congress.gov, "H.R.185 - To terminate the requirement imposed by the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for proof of COVID-19 vaccination for foreign travelers, and for other purposes." accessed February 23, 2024

[15] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 116," accessed May 15, 2025

[16] Congress.gov, "H.R.2811 - Limit, Save, Grow Act of 2023," accessed February 23, 2024

[17] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 199," accessed May 15, 2025

[18] Congress.gov, "H.Con.Res.9 - Denouncing the horrors of socialism." accessed February 23, 2024

[19] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 106," accessed May 15, 2025

[20] Congress.gov, "H.R.1 - Lower Energy Costs Act," accessed February 23, 2024

[21] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 182," accessed May 15, 2025

[22] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.30 - Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to 'Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights'." accessed February 23, 2024

[23] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 149," accessed May 15, 2025

[24] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.7 - Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020." accessed February 23, 2024

[25] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 104," accessed May 15, 2025

[26] Congress.gov, "H.R.3746 - Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023," accessed February 23, 2024

[27] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 243," accessed May 15, 2025

[28] Congress.gov, "Roll Call 20," accessed February 23, 2024

[29] Congress.gov, "H.Res.757 - Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant.," accessed February 23, 2024

[30] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 519," accessed May 15, 2025

[31] Congress.gov, "Roll Call 527," accessed February 23, 2024

[32] Congress.gov, "H.Res.757 - Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant." accessed February 23, 2024

[33] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 519," accessed May 15, 2025

[34] Congress.gov, "H.Res.878 - Providing for the expulsion of Representative George Santos from the United States House of Representatives." accessed February 23, 2024

[35] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 691," accessed May 15, 2025

[36] Congress.gov, "Social Security Fairness Act of 2023." accessed February 13, 2025

[37] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 456," accessed May 15, 2025

[38] Congress.gov, "H.R.2 - Secure the Border Act of 2023," accessed February 13, 2025

[39] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 209," accessed May 15, 2025

[40] Congress.gov, "H.R.4366 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024," accessed February 13, 2025

[41] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 380," accessed May 15, 2025

[42] Congress.gov, "Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024," accessed February 23, 2024

[43] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 30," accessed May 15, 2025

[44] Congress.gov, "H.R.8070 - Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025," accessed February 18, 2025

[45] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 279," accessed May 15, 2025

[46] Congress.gov, "H.R.6090 - Antisemitism Awareness Act of 2023," accessed February 13, 2025

[47] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 172," accessed May 15, 2025

[48] Congress.gov, "H.R.3935 - FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024," accessed February 13, 2025

[49] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 200," accessed May 15, 2025

[50] Congress.gov, "H.R.9495 - Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act," accessed February 13, 2025

[51] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 477," accessed May 15, 2025

[52] Congress.gov, "H.Res.863 - Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors." accessed February 13, 2025

[53] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 43," accessed May 15, 2025

[54] Congress.gov, "H.R.9747 - Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025," accessed February 13, 2025

[55] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 450," accessed May 15, 2025

[56] Congress.gov, "H.R.3684 - Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act," accessed April 15, 2022

[57] Congress.gov, "H.R.1319 - American Rescue Plan Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[58] Congress.gov, "H.R.5376 - Inflation Reduction Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[59] Congress.gov, "H.R.3617 - Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[60] Congress.gov, "H.R.1 - For the People Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[61] Congress.gov, "H.R.1808 - Assault Weapons Ban of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[62] Congress.gov, "S.1605 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022," accessed April 15, 2022

[63] Congress.gov, "H.R.7776 - James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023," accessed January 20, 2023

[64] Congress.gov, "H.R.6 - American Dream and Promise Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[65] Congress.gov, "S.3373 - Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[66] Congress.gov, "H.R.4346 - Chips and Science Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[67] Congress.gov, "H.R.3755 - Women's Health Protection Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[68] Congress.gov, "H.R.1996 - SAFE Banking Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[69] Congress.gov, "H.R.2471 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[70] Congress.gov, "H.R.5 - Equality Act," accessed April 15, 2022

[71] Congress.gov, "H.R.8404 - Respect for Marriage Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[72] Congress.gov, "H.R.6833 - Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023

[73] Congress.gov, "H.R.7688 - Consumer Fuel Price Gouging Prevention Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[74] Congress.gov, "H.R.8 - Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2021," accessed January 20, 2023

[75] Congress.gov, "H.R.5746 - Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[76] Congress.gov, "S.2938 - Bipartisan Safer Communities Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[77] Congress.gov, "H.Res.24 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 15, 2022

[78] Congress.gov, "H.R.2617 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023

[79] Congress.gov, "H.R.1044 - Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2020," accessed March 22, 2024

[80] Congress.gov, "H.R.6800 - The Heroes Act," accessed April 23, 2024

[81] Congress.gov, "H.R.1 - For the People Act of 2019," accessed April 23, 2024

[82] Congress.gov, "H.R.748 - CARES Act," accessed April 23, 2024

[83] Congress.gov, "H.R.5 - Equality Act," accessed April 23, 2024

[84] Congress.gov, "H.R.8 - Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019," accessed April 23, 2024

[85] Congress.gov, "H.R.6 - American Dream and Promise Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[86] Congress.gov, "S.1790 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[87] Congress.gov, "H.R.6201 - Families First Coronavirus Response Act," accessed April 24, 2024

[88] Congress.gov, "H.R.1994 - Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[89] Congress.gov, "H.R.3 - Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act," accessed March 22, 2024

[90] Congress.gov, "H.R.1865 - Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[91] Congress.gov, "S.1838 - Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[92] Congress.gov, "H.R.3884 - MORE Act of 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[93] Congress.gov, "H.R.6074 - Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[94] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.31 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[95] Congress.gov, "S.47 - John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act," accessed April 27, 2024

[96] Congress.gov, "H.R.6395 - William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021," accessed April 27, 2024

[97] Congress.gov, "H.R.6395 - William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021," accessed April 27, 2024

[98] Congress.gov, "S.24 - Government Employee Fair Treatment Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[99] Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors," accessed April 27, 2024

[100] Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors," accessed April 27, 2024

[101] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013

[102] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014

[ns-103] 103.0 ^103.1 ^103.2 ^103.3 Project Vote Smart, "Representative Steven Horsford's Voting Records on National Security," accessed September 29, 2013

[104] The Library of Congress, "Bill Summary & Status - 113th Congress (2013 - 2014) - H.R.624," accessed August 27, 2013

[105] Project Vote Smart, "Horsford on agriculture," accessed September 29, 2013

[106] New York Times, "House Republicans Push Through Farm Bill, Without Food Stamps," accessed September 17, 2013

[clerk-107] 107.0 ^107.1 Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013

[108] Buzzfeed, "Government Shutdown: How We Got Here," accessed October 1, 2013

[109] The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013

[110] U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 550," accessed October 31, 2013

[111] The Library of Congress, "H.AMDT.136," accessed August 28, 2013

[112] Project Vote Smart, "Representative Steven Horsford's Voting Records on Immigration," accessed September 29, 2013

[113] Project Vote Smart, "Representative Steven Horsford's Voting Records on Issue: Health and Health Care," accessed September 29, 2013

[114] Project Vote Smart, "Horsford on abortion," accessed September 29, 2013

[report-115] 115.0 ^115.1 Nevada Policy Research Institute, "The 2011 Nevada Legislative Session Review & Report Card," accessed May 5, 2014

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