St. Tammany Parish Public Schools, Louisiana
| St. Tammany Parish Public Schools |
|---|
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| Covington, Louisiana |
| District details |
| Superintendent: Frank J. Jabbia |
| # of school board members: 15 |
| Website: Link |
St. Tammany Parish Public Schools is a school district in Louisiana.
Click on the links below to learn more about the school district's...
- Superintendent
- School board
- Elections
- Budget
- Teacher salaries
- Academic performance
- Student enrollment
- Demographics
- Contact information
Superintendent
 |
This information is updated as we become aware of changes. Please contact us with any updates. |
Frank Jabbia is the superintendent. Jabbia was appointed on October 8, 2020.[1] At the time, Peter Jabbia was serving as the interim superintendent. The school board named Peter Jabbia to the position in June 2020 to succeed W.L. "Trey" Folse III.[2]
Past superintendents
W.L. "Trey" Folse III was the superintendent of St. Tammany Parish Public Schools from July 1, 2010, to July 1, 2020. He left the position to become assistant state superintendent of system relationships.[3][4]
School board elections
St. Tammany Parish School Board District consists of 15 members elected to four-year terms. Board members are elected by district in partisan elections.
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This officeholder information was last updated on April 15, 2021. Please contact us with any updates. | |
Election dates
All 15 seats on the St. Tammany Parish School Board are up for election in November every four years.
Louisiana elections use the Louisiana majority-vote system. All candidates compete in the same primary, and a candidate can win the election outright by receiving more than 50% of the vote. If no candidate does, the top two vote recipients from the primary advance to the general election, regardless of their partisan affiliation.
For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.
Public participation in board meetings
The St. Tammany Parish School Board maintains the following policies on public testimony during board meetings on their website:[5]
| “ | Request for Time During the Meeting
Individuals or groups requesting time during a School Board meeting may be recognized at the beginning of each meeting. In order to request time, the individual or group shall submit notification to the Superintendent by noon on the Friday preceding the next regularly scheduled Thursday meeting stating the matter that will be addressed. If the request is from a delegation or organization, a spokesperson for the group shall be designated and comments before the School Board shall be restricted to the person designated. All persons requesting time shall be limited to a five (5) minute presentation. In addition, citizens may sign-in no later than fifteen (15) minutes prior to a scheduled meeting and address the School Board with a three (3) minute time limit, at which time they may be granted authority to speak. All visitors shall be recognized at the beginning of each meeting. School Board members shall have the privilege to have a person in the audience recognized. At the discretion of the President, persons who do not request time on the agenda may be recognized at the end of the meeting after all other agenda items.[6] |
” |
| —St. Tammany Parish Public School Board | ||
Budget
From 1993 to 2013, the St. Tammany Parish school district had an average of $303,077,048 in revenue and $305,735,571 in expenditures, according to the United States Census Bureau's survey of school system finances. The district had a yearly average of $210,088,000 in outstanding debt. The district retired $11,538,524 of its debt and issued $26,430,810 in new debt each year on average.[7]
Revenue
The table below separates the district's revenue into the three sources identified by the agency: local, state, and federal.
| Revenue by Source | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fiscal Year |
Local | State | Federal | Revenue Total | |||||||
| Total | % of Revenue | Total | % of Revenue | Total | % of Revenue | ||||||
| Click [show] on the right to display the revenue data for prior years. | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | $51,854,000 | 40.95% | $67,606,000 | 53.39% | $7,178,000 | 5.67% | $126,638,000 | ||||
| 1994 | $58,308,000 | 40.91% | $74,733,000 | 52.44% | $9,471,000 | 6.65% | $142,512,000 | ||||
| 1995 | $63,046,000 | 40.27% | $83,704,000 | 53.47% | $9,804,000 | 6.26% | $156,554,000 | ||||
| 1996 | $70,691,000 | 42.01% | $87,141,000 | 51.79% | $10,438,000 | 6.20% | $168,270,000 | ||||
| 1997 | $78,966,000 | 42.01% | $98,044,000 | 52.16% | $10,944,000 | 5.82% | $187,954,000 | ||||
| 1998 | $83,811,000 | 41.26% | $107,633,000 | 52.98% | $11,706,000 | 5.76% | $203,150,000 | ||||
| 1999 | $90,747,000 | 41.58% | $115,250,000 | 52.80% | $12,264,000 | 5.62% | $218,261,000 | ||||
| 2000 | $100,076,000 | 43.03% | $118,502,000 | 50.95% | $14,003,000 | 6.02% | $232,581,000 | ||||
| 2001 | $105,708,000 | 43.30% | $123,549,000 | 50.60% | $14,896,000 | 6.10% | $244,153,000 | ||||
| 2002 | $109,074,000 | 42.17% | $130,209,000 | 50.34% | $19,385,000 | 7.49% | $258,668,000 | ||||
| 2003 | $114,391,000 | 41.12% | $140,792,000 | 50.61% | $22,994,000 | 8.27% | $278,177,000 | ||||
| 2004 | $123,517,000 | 41.57% | $147,539,000 | 49.65% | $26,094,000 | 8.78% | $297,150,000 | ||||
| 2005 | $136,918,000 | 42.70% | $156,857,000 | 48.92% | $26,871,000 | 8.38% | $320,646,000 | ||||
| 2006 | $166,358,000 | 38.18% | $161,864,000 | 37.15% | $107,468,000 | 24.67% | $435,690,000 | ||||
| 2007 | $182,253,000 | 44.25% | $160,541,000 | 38.98% | $69,055,000 | 16.77% | $411,849,000 | ||||
| 2008 | $193,609,000 | 45.08% | $186,469,000 | 43.42% | $49,372,000 | 11.50% | $429,450,000 | ||||
| 2009 | $186,539,000 | 43.33% | $194,709,000 | 45.23% | $49,247,000 | 11.44% | $430,495,000 | ||||
| 2010 | $185,382,000 | 42.21% | $190,504,000 | 43.37% | $63,326,000 | 14.42% | $439,212,000 |
| 2011 | $190,253,000 | 42.69% | $203,578,000 | 45.68% | $51,855,000 | 11.63% | $445,686,000 |
| 2012 | $195,427,000 | 40.79% | $219,363,000 | 45.78% | $64,343,000 | 13.43% | $479,133,000 |
| 2013 | $205,911,000 | 44.92% | $210,754,000 | 45.98% | $41,724,000 | 9.10% | $458,389,000 |
| Avg. | $128,230,429 | 42.11% | $141,873,381 | 48.37% | $32,973,238 | 9.52% | $303,077,048 |
Expenditures
The table below separates the district's expenditures into five categories identified by the agency:
- Instruction: operation expenditures, state payments on behalf of the district for instruction and benefits, and retirement system transfers
- Support Services: support services, food services, and retirement system transfers for support service staff
- Capital Spending: capital outlay expenditures (i.e., construction, land or facilities purchases, and equipment purchases)
- Debt & Gov. Payments: payments to state and local governments and interest on school system debt
- Other: all other non-K-12 programs, except food services
| Expenditures by Category | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fiscal Year |
Instruction | Support Services | Capital Spending | Debt & Gov. Payments | Other | Budget Total | |||||
| Total | % of Budget | Total | % of Budget | Total | % of Budget | Total | % of Budget | Total | % of Budget | ||
| Click [show] on the right to display the expenditure data for prior years. | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | $71,445,000 | 51.14% | $44,669,000 | 31.98% | $19,048,000 | 13.64% | $4,020,000 | 2.88% | $510,000 | 0.37% | $139,692,000 |
| 1994 | $77,502,000 | 52.98% | $48,547,000 | 33.19% | $15,129,000 | 10.34% | $4,451,000 | 3.04% | $657,000 | 0.45% | $146,286,000 |
| 1995 | $85,897,000 | 55.45% | $53,237,000 | 34.37% | $10,340,000 | 6.68% | $4,665,000 | 3.01% | $766,000 | 0.49% | $154,905,000 |
| 1996 | $91,623,000 | 54.87% | $56,453,000 | 33.80% | $13,187,000 | 7.90% | $4,928,000 | 2.95% | $806,000 | 0.48% | $166,997,000 |
| 1997 | $100,866,000 | 53.38% | $60,941,000 | 32.25% | $20,659,000 | 10.93% | $5,532,000 | 2.93% | $945,000 | 0.50% | $188,943,000 |
| 1998 | $110,838,000 | 56.55% | $64,581,000 | 32.95% | $14,048,000 | 7.17% | $5,545,000 | 2.83% | $983,000 | 0.50% | $195,995,000 |
| 1999 | $118,165,000 | 54.80% | $69,151,000 | 32.07% | $20,724,000 | 9.61% | $6,488,000 | 3.01% | $1,113,000 | 0.52% | $215,641,000 |
| 2000 | $122,441,000 | 53.67% | $71,763,000 | 31.46% | $25,554,000 | 11.20% | $7,124,000 | 3.12% | $1,238,000 | 0.54% | $228,120,000 |
| 2001 | $130,959,000 | 55.55% | $76,595,000 | 32.49% | $20,292,000 | 8.61% | $6,617,000 | 2.81% | $1,302,000 | 0.55% | $235,765,000 |
| 2002 | $142,753,000 | 55.07% | $83,086,000 | 32.05% | $25,833,000 | 9.97% | $6,099,000 | 2.35% | $1,466,000 | 0.57% | $259,237,000 |
| 2003 | $157,177,000 | 55.01% | $89,782,000 | 31.42% | $29,575,000 | 10.35% | $7,580,000 | 2.65% | $1,598,000 | 0.56% | $285,712,000 |
| 2004 | $169,379,000 | 58.38% | $96,872,000 | 33.39% | $15,325,000 | 5.28% | $6,572,000 | 2.27% | $1,984,000 | 0.68% | $290,132,000 |
| 2005 | $188,194,000 | 55.85% | $108,362,000 | 32.16% | $31,648,000 | 9.39% | $6,647,000 | 1.97% | $2,123,000 | 0.63% | $336,974,000 |
| 2006 | $193,410,000 | 54.05% | $120,557,000 | 33.69% | $33,200,000 | 9.28% | $7,212,000 | 2.02% | $3,432,000 | 0.96% | $357,811,000 |
| 2007 | $209,023,000 | 52.86% | $122,195,000 | 30.90% | $54,317,000 | 13.74% | $8,093,000 | 2.05% | $1,777,000 | 0.45% | $395,405,000 |
| 2008 | $221,494,000 | 50.13% | $140,044,000 | 31.69% | $71,065,000 | 16.08% | $7,191,000 | 1.63% | $2,071,000 | 0.47% | $441,865,000 |
| 2009 | $231,285,000 | 48.80% | $145,776,000 | 30.76% | $85,574,000 | 18.06% | $8,831,000 | 1.86% | $2,452,000 | 0.52% | $473,918,000 |
| 2010 | $250,628,000 | 49.28% | $156,446,000 | 30.76% | $89,538,000 | 17.61% | $10,054,000 | 1.98% | $1,878,000 | 0.37% | $508,544,000 |
| 2011 | $251,024,000 | 51.15% | $163,244,000 | 33.27% | $64,407,000 | 13.13% | $10,582,000 | 2.16% | $1,458,000 | 0.30% | $490,715,000 |
| 2012 | $249,830,000 | 53.06% | $184,885,000 | 39.26% | $24,123,000 | 5.12% | $10,657,000 | 2.26% | $1,391,000 | 0.30% | $470,886,000 |
| 2013 | $240,304,000 | 55.00% | $172,612,000 | 39.51% | $13,606,000 | 3.11% | $9,022,000 | 2.06% | $1,360,000 | 0.31% | $436,904,000 |
| Avg. | $162,582,714 | 53.67% | $101,418,952 | 33.02% | $33,199,619 | 10.34% | $7,043,333 | 2.47% | $1,490,952 | 0.50% | $305,735,571 |
Debt
The table below shows the amount of debt retired, issued, and outstanding in the district for each year.
| Debt | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Fiscal Year |
Retired | Issued | Outstanding |
| Click [show] on the right to display the debt data for prior years. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | $7,215,000 | $19,540,000 | $61,035,000 |
| 1994 | $3,710,000 | $13,241,000 | $70,566,000 |
| 1995 | $4,115,000 | $13,605,000 | $80,056,000 |
| 1996 | $4,975,000 | $0 | $75,081,000 |
| 1997 | $5,630,000 | $32,668,000 | $102,119,000 |
| 1998 | $6,215,000 | $0 | $95,904,000 |
| 1999 | $7,740,000 | $70,003,000 | $158,167,000 |
| 2000 | $8,680,000 | $0 | $149,487,000 |
| 2001 | $9,065,000 | $0 | $140,422,000 |
| 2002 | $8,965,000 | $47,428,000 | $178,885,000 |
| 2003 | $10,170,000 | $13,207,000 | $181,922,000 |
| 2004 | $10,245,000 | $24,253,000 | $195,930,000 |
| 2005 | $10,290,000 | $96,253,000 | $281,893,000 |
| 2006 | $10,405,000 | $25,096,000 | $296,584,000 |
| 2007 | $13,420,000 | $0 | $283,164,000 |
| 2008 | $12,060,000 | $0 | $271,104,000 |
| 2009 | $12,595,000 | $87,762,000 | $346,271,000 |
| 2010 | $18,095,000 | $31,333,000 | $359,509,000 |
| 2011 | $19,533,000 | $20,134,000 | $360,109,000 |
| 2012 | $38,003,000 | $40,087,000 | $362,193,000 |
| 2013 | $21,183,000 | $20,437,000 | $361,447,000 |
| Avg. | $11,538,524 | $26,430,810 | $210,088,000 |
Teacher salaries
The following salary information was pulled from the district's teacher salary schedule. A salary schedule is a list of expected compensations based on variables such as position, years employed, and education level. It may not reflect actual teacher salaries in the district.
| Year | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|
| 2020-2021[8] | $45,300 | $69,800 |
Academic performance
Proficiency assessments
Each year, state and local education agencies use tests and other standards to assess student proficiency. Although the data below was published by the U.S. Department of Education, proficiency measurements are established by the states. As a result, proficiency levels are not comparable between different states and year-over-year proficiency levels within a district may not be comparable because states may change their proficiency measurements.[9]
Mathematics
The following table shows the percentage of district students who scored at or above the proficiency level each school year:[10]
| School year | All (%) | Asian/Pacific Islander (%) |
Black (%) | Hispanic (%) | Native American (%) |
Two or More Races (%) |
White (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-2019 | 75 | 85-89 | 57 | 66 | 80-84 | 73 | 81 |
| 2017-2018 | 75 | 80-84 | 56 | 67 | 75-79 | 74 | 80 |
| 2016-2017 | 73 | 83 | 55 | 63 | 75-79 | 72 | 78 |
| 2015-2016 | 75 | 90-94 | 57 | 67 | 75-79 | 77 | 80 |
| 2014-2015 | 72 | 85-89 | 53 | 66 | 75-79 | 70-74 | 78 |
| 2013-2014 | 80 | 90-94 | 63 | 74 | 80-84 | 80-84 | 85 |
| 2012-2013 | 80 | 90 | 65 | 76 | 80-89 | 80-84 | 84 |
| 2011-2012 | 83 | 91 | 66 | 77 | 90-94 | 80-89 | 87 |
| 2010-2011 | 78 | 85-89 | 57 | 76 | 85-89 | ≥80 | 83 |
Reading/language arts
The following table shows the percentage of district students who scored at or above the proficiency level each school year:[10]
| School year | All (%) | Asian/Pacific Islander (%) |
Black (%) | Hispanic (%) | Native American (%) |
Two or More Races (%) |
White (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-2019 | 81 | 90-94 | 68 | 70 | 85-89 | 81 | 86 |
| 2017-2018 | 81 | 87 | 68 | 72 | 85-89 | 80 | 85 |
| 2016-2017 | 80 | 80-84 | 67 | 69 | 85-89 | 81 | 84 |
| 2015-2016 | 82 | 89 | 69 | 74 | 85-89 | 81 | 86 |
| 2014-2015 | 82 | 85-89 | 67 | 73 | 90-94 | 80-84 | 86 |
| 2013-2014 | 81 | 85-89 | 67 | 74 | 85-89 | 80-84 | 85 |
| 2012-2013 | 84 | 93 | 71 | 79 | 80-89 | 80-84 | 87 |
| 2011-2012 | 83 | 90 | 69 | 77 | 90-94 | 80-89 | 86 |
| 2010-2011 | 78 | 85-89 | 62 | 71 | 90-94 | ≥80 | 82 |
Graduation rates
The following table shows the graduation rate of district students each school year:[10][11]
| School year | All (%) | Asian/Pacific Islander (%) |
Black (%) | Hispanic (%) | Native American (%) |
Two or More Races (%) |
White (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-2018 | 84 | ≥90 | 78 | 70-74 | ≥50 | ≥80 | 85 |
| 2016-2017 | 83 | ≥90 | 76 | 70-74 | ≥50 | 60-79 | 85 |
| 2015-2016 | 83 | ≥90 | 77 | 75-79 | ≥50 | ≥80 | 84 |
| 2014-2015 | 83 | ≥90 | 74 | 75-79 | ≥50 | 60-79 | 85 |
| 2013-2014 | 80 | ≥90 | 69 | 70-74 | ≥50 | ≥50 | 82 |
| 2012-2013 | 79 | ≥90 | 69 | 80-84 | ≥50 | ≥50 | 81 |
| 2011-2012 | 79 | ≥90 | 71 | 75-79 | PS | PS | 80 |
| 2010-2011 | 79 | ≥90 | 65 | 70-79 | ≥50 | N/A[12] | 82 |
Student enrollment
| Year[13] | Enrollment | Year-to-year change (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 2018-2019 | 38,041 | -0.2 |
| 2017-2018 | 38,111 | -0.4 |
| 2016-2017 | 38,270 | 0.5 |
| 2015-2016 | 38,069 | 0.6 |
| 2014-2015 | 37,841 | 0.4 |
| 2013-2014 | 37,684 | 0.6 |
| 2012-2013 | 37,467 | 1.1 |
| 2011-2012 | 37,058 | 1.1 |
| 2010-2011 | 36,651 | 1.7 |
| 2009-2010 | 36,021 | 1.5 |
| 2008-2009 | 35,490 | 0.9 |
| 2007-2008 | 35,170 | 0.9 |
| 2006-2007 | 34,857 | 1.3 |
| 2005-2006 | 34,408 | -3.4 |
| 2004-2005 | 35,620 | 2.5 |
| 2003-2004 | 34,750 | 2.0 |
| 2002-2003 | 34,081 | 3.8 |
| 2001-2002 | 32,834 | 1.4 |
| 2000-2001 | 32,392 | 0.4 |
| 1999-2000 | 32,261 | -0.8 |
| 1998-1999 | 32,525 | 0.0 |
| 1997-1998 | 32,528 | -0.4 |
| 1996-1997 | 32,649 | 2.2 |
| 1995-1996 | 31,947 | 2.2 |
| 1994-1995 | 31,272 | 2.6 |
| 1993-1994 | 30,487 | 4.0 |
| 1992-1993 | 29,311 | 2.9 |
| 1991-1992 | 28,492 | 3.5 |
| 1990-1991 | 27,522 | -1.9 |
| 1989-1990 | 28,055 | 9.6 |
| 1988-1989 | 25,597 | 0.0 |
| 1987-1988 | 25,597 | 1.0 |
| 1986-1987 | 25,343 | - |
About the district
St. Tammany Parish Public Schools is located in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana. It is classified as a small suburban school district by the National Center for Education Statistics. The district served 38,041 students during the 2018-2019 school year and comprised 55 schools.[14]
During the 2018-2019 school year, 45.0% of the district's students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, 2.4% were English language learners, and 17.5% of students had an Individual Education Plan (IEP).[15]
| Racial Demographics, 2018-2019 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Race | St. Tammany Parish Public Schools (%) | Louisiana K-12 students (%) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 0.3 | 0.6 |
| Asian or Asian/Pacific Islander | 1.4 | 1.6 |
| Black | 19.1 | 43.3 |
| Hispanic | 7.1 | 7.4 |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | N/A | 0.1 |
| Two or More Races | 2.8 | 2.7 |
| White | 69.3 | 44.4 |
Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.
Noteworthy events
2012: Term limits
On November 6, 2012, St. Tammany Parish voters elected by a majority of 84.94 percent to instate term limits.
Ballot text:
| “ | LOCAL OPTION ELECTION
Within St. Tammany Parish School District: Shall the number of terms of office that any member of the school board may serve be limited to three consecutive four-year terms?[6] |
” |
| —Louisiana Secretary of State's website (2014)[16] | ||
| Parishwide School District Local Option Term Limits Proposition (2012) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Result | Votes | Percentage | ||
 Yes | 87,373 | 84.94% | ||
| No | 15,496 | 15.06% | ||
Starting with terms that began on or after January 1, 2015, any member who has served more than two and one-half terms in the last three consecutive terms cannot be re-elected in the following term. However, they may be re-elected following the one-term break. The limit does not apply retroactively to incumbents, thus allowing them to potentially serve up to 12 more years.[17][18]
2014: Legal counsel payments
The St. Tammany Parish School Board paid Assistant District Attorney Harry Pastuszek's private law firm more than $500,000 for legal services from 2013 to 2014. The district paid him $440,666 in 2011, $475,194 in 2012, and $545,399 in 2013.[19]
In 2014, The New Orleans Advocate reported on the school board's payments to Pastuszek and the method of payment–the school board paid Pastuszek for legal representation as an assistant district attorney through his private law firm.[19]
2014: Common Core resolution
- See also: Common Core State Standards Initiative
The St. Tammany Parish School Board approved a resolution calling on the state to drop the Common Core education initiative in October 2013. At the September 11, 2014, school board meeting, 10 people spoke to the school board to express their dissatisfaction with the mathematics curriculum being taught under the Common Core.[20]
At the state level, Governor Bobby Jindal (R) had sued the federal government over the implementation of the Common Core initiative. Louisiana Superintendent of Education John White had supported the initiative.[21]
Contact information
St. Tammany Parish Public School System
321 N. Theard St.
Covington, LA 70433
Phone: 985-892-2276
See also
| Louisiana | School Board Elections | News and Analysis |
|---|---|---|
 |
 |
 |
External links
- Search Google News for this topic
- St. Tammany Parish Public Schools
- Louisiana School Board Association
- Louisiana Department of Education
Footnotes
- ↑ NOLA, "Frank Jabbia selected as next superintendent of St. Tammany Parish Public Schools," October 9, 2020
- ↑ The Times-Picayune, "St. Tammany School Board names Pete Jabbia interim superintendent amid Trey Folse farewells," June 19, 2020
- ↑ St. Tammany Parish Public Schools Photograph/Document Archives, "Superintendents of Schools St. Tammany Parish," accessed December 3, 2014
- ↑ The Times-Picayune, "Trey Folse to leave St. Tammany Schools to take job with state: 'He's been an awesome leader,'" June 12, 2020
- ↑ St. Tammany Parish Public Schools, "Meeting Guidelines," accessed March 25, 2021
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ United States Census Bureau, "Public School System Finances: Historical Data," accessed December 1, 2015
- ↑ St. Tammany Parish Public Schools, "Salary Schedules," accessed March 25, 2021
- ↑ U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC: EDFacts, "State Assessments in Reading/Language Arts and Mathematics- School Year 2018-19 EDFacts Data Documentation," accessed February 25, 2021
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 To protect student privacy, percentages were reported as ranges for groups of 300 students or fewer. If five (5) or fewer students were included in a data set, the data was replaced by "PS."
- ↑ U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC: EDFacts, "Four-Year Adjusted-Cohort Graduation Rates - School Year 2017-18 EDFacts Data Documentation," accessed February 25, 2021
- ↑ The U.S. Department of Education did not have this information available for the 2010-2011 school year.
- ↑ National Center for Education Statistics, "ElSi tableGenerator," accessed March 8, 2021
- ↑ National Center for Education Statistics, "Search for Public School Districts," accessed March 8, 2021
- ↑ National Center for Education Statistics, "Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey," accessed March 8, 2021
- ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "Official Election Results," accessed March 25, 2021
- ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "HOW ARE CANDIDATES ELECTED?" accessed March 25, 2021
- ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "QUALIFICATIONS OF CANDIDATES," accessed September 2, 2014
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 The New Orleans Advocate, "Tammany DA’s arrangement with School Board raises questions," September 4, 2014
- ↑ The Times-Picayune, "Common Core opposition again visits St. Tammany Parish School Board," September 11, 2014
- ↑ POLITICO, "Bobby Jindal sues federal government over the Common Core," August 27, 2014
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