Alabama's 2nd Congressional District election, 2020 (July 14 Republican primary runoff)
- Primary runoff date: July 14
- Primary type: Open
- Registration deadline(s): June 29
- Online registration: Yes
- Same-day registration: No
- Early voting starts: N/A
- Absentee/mail voting deadline(s): July 13 (postmarked)
- Voter ID: Photo ID
- Poll times: 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.
Polling places: Polling locations are subject to change. Click here to access the state's official polling site locator. For more information, contact your state election officials.
2022 →
← 2018
|
| Alabama's 2nd Congressional District |
|---|
 |
| Democratic primary Republican primary Republican primary runoff General election |
| Election details |
| Filing deadline: November 8, 2019 |
| Primary: March 3, 2020 Primary runoff: July 14, 2020 General: November 3, 2020 Pre-election incumbent: Martha Roby (Republican) |
| How to vote |
| Poll times: 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. Voting in Alabama |
| Race ratings |
Inside Elections: Solid Republican Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Republican |
| Ballotpedia analysis |
| U.S. Senate battlegrounds U.S. House battlegrounds Federal and state primary competitiveness Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2020 |
| See also |
U.S. Senate • 1st • 2nd • 3rd • 4th • 5th • 6th • 7th Alabama elections, 2020 U.S. Congress elections, 2020 U.S. Senate elections, 2020 U.S. House elections, 2020 |
Barry Moore defeated Jeff Coleman in the Republican primary runoff for Alabama's 2nd Congressional District on July 14, 2020. Moore received 60% of the vote to Coleman's 40%.
Incumbent Rep. Martha Roby (R) did not seek re-election.
Moore, a U.S. Army and Alabama National Guard and Reserves veteran, was a member of the Alabama House of Representatives from 2010 to 2018. He said his legislative record included supporting veterans and working to lower taxes and reduce government regulations. Moore said he was "the working man's candidate" and compared the runoff to a battle between David and Goliath, citing differences in spending levels between himself and Coleman ahead of the March 3 primary.[1][2] His endorsers included Rep. Andy Biggs (R-Ariz.), the House Freedom Fund, and Club for Growth PAC.
Coleman, chairman of Coleman Worldwide Moving, said he was a businessman and an outsider like President Donald Trump (R). He referred to himself as "the job creator in this race."[3] Coleman said that economic development was a central focus of his campaign. His endorsers included Roby, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, and the Business Council of Alabama.
Coleman led in fundraising with $2.4 million raised as of June 24, including $975,000 he loaned his campaign. Moore had raised $487,000. Moore loaned his campaign $191,000.
In the March 3 primary, Coleman received 38% of the vote to Moore's 20%. Seven candidates ran. A candidate needed more than 50% to win the primary outright.
Moore ran for the 2nd District Republican nomination in 2018, placing third in the Republican primary.
As of the primary runoff election, ratings outlets rated the general election for the district Safe or Solid Republican. Click here to learn more about what's at stake in the general election.
Click on candidate names below to view their key messages:
 Coleman |
 Moore |
Coleman filled out Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. Click here to read his full responses.
This page focuses on Alabama's 2nd Congressional District Republican primary runoff. For more in-depth information on the district's primaries and the general election, see the following pages:
- Alabama's 2nd Congressional District election, 2020 (March 3 Democratic primary)
- Alabama's 2nd Congressional District election, 2020
Election procedure changes in 2020
Ballotpedia provided comprehensive coverage of how election dates and procedures changed in 2020. While the majority of changes occurred as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, some changes occurred for other reasons.
Alabama modified its primary runoff election date as follows:
- Election postponements: The primary runoff election, originally scheduled for March 31, 2020, was postponed to July 14.
For a full timeline about election modifications made in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, click here.
Candidates and election results
Republican primary runoff election
Republican primary runoff for U.S. House Alabama District 2
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Barry Moore | 60.4 | 52,248 |
| Jeff Coleman  | 39.6 | 34,185 | |
| Total votes: 86,433 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 2
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Jeff Coleman | 38.1 | 39,804 |
| ✔ | | Barry Moore | 20.5 | 21,392 |
 | Jessica Taylor | 19.9 | 20,789 | |
 | Troy King | 14.5 | 15,171 | |
 | Terri Hasdorff | 5.0 | 5,216 | |
| Thomas W. Brown Jr. | 1.3 | 1,395 | ||
 | Robert Rogers | 0.8 | 826 | |
| Total votes: 104,593 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Will Dismukes (R)
Candidate profiles
This section includes candidate profiles created in one of two ways. Either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey or Ballotpedia staff created a profile after identifying the candidate as noteworthy.[4] Ballotpedia staff compiled profiles based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements.
Party: Republican Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Submitted Biography: "Jeff Coleman was raised in Dothan, Alabama, where he graduated from Northview High School. He later graduated with a business degree from the University of Alabama and an MBA from Troy University in Dothan. A faith-filled businessman, Jeff serves as Chairman of Coleman Worldwide Moving, one of Alabama's 30 largest companies and employs thousands of people across the country. Jeff is also a graduate of the Air War College National Security Forum and was appointed to serve as the Civilian Aide to the Secretary of the Army for Alabama in June 2017. Like President Trump, Jeff is a conservative outsider and a businessman who cares more about doing what's right for Alabama families and the country than winning an election. In addition to backing pro-business policies and our military, Jeff supports common-sesnse immigration reform that includes a strong, secure border and policies that benefit Alabama's agriculture industry like free and fair trade."
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Alabama District 2 in 2020.
Party: Republican Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office:
Alabama House of Representatives (2010-2018)
Biography: Moore received an associate degree from Enterprise State Junior College and a bachelor's degree from Auburn University. He served in the United States Army and in the Alabama National Guard and Reserves. As of the 2020 election, he was CEO of Barry Moore Industries, which he founded in 1998.
Show sources
Sources: Barry Moore's 2020 campaign website, "Home," accessed February 23, 2020, YouTube, "Barry Moore - Republican For Congress," accessed February 23, 2020, Troy Messenger, "TO THE RACES: Candidates for Alabama’s 2nd Congressional District share platforms," January 22, 2020; Vote Smart, "Barry Moore's Biography," accessed February 13, 2020
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Alabama District 2 in 2020.
Noteworthy primary endorsements
This section includes noteworthy endorsements issued in the primary, added as we learn about them. Click here to read how we define noteworthy primary endorsements. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please email us.
Runoff endorsements
Endorsements made after the March 3, 2020, primary election and ahead of the July 14, 2020, runoff are shown in the table below.
If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please email us.
| Runoff election endorsements | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endorsement | Coleman | Moore | ||||
| Elected officials | ||||||
| Rep. Martha Roby (R-Ala.)[5] | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Andy Biggs (R-Ariz.)[6] | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Jim Jordan (R-Ohio)[6] | ✔ | |||||
| Organizations | ||||||
| House Freedom Fund[7] | ✔ | |||||
| Club for Growth PAC[7] | ✔ | |||||
| American Workers Coalition[8] | ✔ | |||||
| Eagle Forum PAC[9] | ✔ | |||||
| Veterans Leadership Fund[10] | ✔ | |||||
Primary endorsements
| Republican primary endorsements | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endorsement | Coleman | King | Moore | Taylor | ||
| Elected officials | ||||||
| State Rep./former AL-02 candidate Will Dismukes (R)[11] | ✔ | |||||
| Individuals | ||||||
| Former Governor Mike Huckabee (R)[12] | ✔ | |||||
| Organizations | ||||||
| U.S. Chamber of Commerce[13] | ✔ | |||||
| Susan B. Anthony List[12] | ✔ | |||||
| ViewPAC[12] | ✔ | |||||
| Winning for Women[12] | ✔ | |||||
Campaign themes
- See also: Campaign themes
The following themes were found on candidates' campaign websites.
Jeff Coleman
| “ |
Agriculture/Rural Communities Economy 2nd Amendment Immigration Pro-Life Supporting Trump Pro-Military Fighting for Our Veterans |
” |
| —Jeff Coleman’s campaign website (2020)[15] | ||
Barry Moore
| “ |
During his tenure in the legislature, Barry distinguished himself as one of Alabama’s most ardent conservatives. Numerous organizations have recognized him as the state’s most conservative legislator. ✔ Protect the Right to Life ✔ Fight for Religious Freedom ✔ Reduce Government & Cut Taxes ✔ Stand up for Veterans & Law Enforcement ✔ Build the Wall! ✔ End Common Core ✔ Repeal Obama Care ✔ Strengthen the Military ✔ Staunch 2nd Amendment Supporter ✔ Protecting American Jobs & the American Worker ✔ Work with Trump & Keep America Great! Barry believes the Second Amendment should remain unchanged and uninhibited. “SHALL NOT BE INFRINGED” is pretty clear. Barry does NOT support red flag laws in any form; does NOT support restrictions on AR-type weapons; and does NOT support restrictions on high capacity magazines. Barry SUPPORTS both concealed carry and constitutional carry, and he would support legislation to require all states to recognize concealed carry permits from other states. “We can not sacrifice freedom for safety, if we do, we will have neither. The Second Amendment gives the power to the people to protect against tyranny. That’s why we have it.” – Barry Moore[14] |
” |
| —Barry Moore's campaign website (2020)[16] | ||
Campaign advertisements
This section shows advertisements released in this race. Ads released by campaigns and, if applicable, satellite groups are embedded or linked below. If you are aware of advertisements that should be included, please email us.
Jeff Coleman
Supporting Coleman
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Opposing Moore
|
Barry Moore
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A sample ad from the candidate's Facebook page is embedded below. Click here to see the candidate's Facebook Video page.
Satellite group ads
Opposing Coleman
|
Polls
- See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls
If you are aware of polls conducted in this race, please email us.
| Click [show] to see polls conducted ahead of the March 3, 2020, primary election. | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Date |  Brown
|
Coleman
|
Hasdorff
|
King
|
Moore
|
Rogers
|
Taylor
|
Undecided | Margin of error | Sample size | Sponsor |
| We Ask America | Jan. 14-15, 2020 | 2% | 43% | <1% | 16% | 8% | 1% | 5% | 25% | +/-4.0 | 600 | N/A |
Campaign finance
This section contains campaign finance figures from the Federal Election Commission covering all candidate fundraising and spending in this election.[17] It does not include information on fundraising before the current campaign cycle or on spending by satellite groups. The numbers in this section are updated as candidates file new campaign finance reports. Candidates for Congress are required to file financial reports on a quarterly basis, as well as two weeks before any primary, runoff, or general election in which they will be on the ballot and upon the termination of any campaign committees.[18] The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted to the Federal Election Commission.
There are currently no declared candidates in this race. Know of one we missed? Click here to let us know.
Self-funding
- Coleman loaned his campaign $975,000 through February 12, 2020.[19]
- Moore loaned his campaign $191,000 through June 22, 2020.[20]
Satellite spending
- See also: Satellite spending
Satellite spending, commonly referred to as outside spending, describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.[21][22][23]
This section lists satellite spending in this race reported by news outlets in alphabetical order. If you are aware of spending that should be included, please email us.
- Club for Growth Action spent $229,448 supporting Moore and $413,307 opposing Coleman as of July 12, 2020.[24]
Debates and forums
July 7, 2020
Coleman and Moore participated in a debate televised by WTVY. View a video of the debate here.
Primaries in Alabama
A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. Alabama uses an open primary system, in which registered voters do not have to be members of a party to vote in that party's primary.[25][26][27]
For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.
Runoff elections in Alabama
In Alabama, a primary election candidate for congressional, state, or county office must receive a majority of the vote (more than 50%) to be declared the winner. If no candidate wins the requisite majority, a runoff election is held between the top two vote-getters.[28]
As of 2020, the Alabama Secretary of State office stated that "if you vote in a primary election and want to vote in a primary runoff election, you must vote in the primary runoff election of the same political party that you chose in the primary election. However, if you did not vote in a political party's primary election and would like to vote in the primary runoff election, you may choose which political party's primary runoff election you would like to vote in."[29]
What's at stake in the general election?
U.S. House elections were held on November 3, 2020, and coincided with the 2020 presidential election. All 435 House districts were up for election, and the results determined control of the U.S. House in the 117th Congress.
At the time of the election, Democrats had a 232-197 advantage over Republicans. There was one Libertarian member, and there were five vacancies. Republicans needed to gain a net 21 seats to win control of the House. Democrats needed to gain seats or lose fewer than 14 net seats to keep their majority.
In the 2018 midterm election, Democrats had a net gain of 40 seats, winning a 235-200 majority in the House. Heading into the 2018 election, Republicans had a 235-193 majority with seven vacancies.
In the 25 previous House elections that coincided with a presidential election, the president's party had gained House seats in 16 elections and lost seats in nine. In years where the president's party won districts, the average gain was 18. In years where the president's party lost districts, the average loss was 27. Click here for more information on presidential partisanship and down-ballot outcomes.
General election race ratings
- See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:
- Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
- Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
- Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[30]
- Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.
Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[31][32][33]
| Race ratings: Alabama's 2nd Congressional District election, 2020 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race tracker | Race ratings | ||||||||
| November 3, 2020 | October 27, 2020 | October 20, 2020 | October 13, 2020 | ||||||
| The Cook Political Report | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
| Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
| Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | |||||
| Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every week throughout the election season. | |||||||||
District analysis
- See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
- See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores
The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+16, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were 16 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Alabama's 2nd Congressional District the 73rd most Republican nationally.[34]
FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 0.97. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 0.97 points toward that party.[35]
District election history
2018
General election
General election for U.S. House Alabama District 2
Incumbent Martha Roby defeated Tabitha Isner in the general election for U.S. House Alabama District 2 on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Martha Roby (R) | 61.4 | 138,879 |
 | Tabitha Isner (D) | 38.4 | 86,931 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.2 | 420 | ||
| Total votes: 226,230 (100.00% precincts reporting) | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary runoff election
Republican primary runoff for U.S. House Alabama District 2
Incumbent Martha Roby defeated Bobby Bright in the Republican primary runoff for U.S. House Alabama District 2 on July 17, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Martha Roby | 68.0 | 48,277 |
 | Bobby Bright | 32.0 | 22,767 | |
| Total votes: 71,044 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Alabama District 2
Tabitha Isner defeated Audri Scott Williams in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Alabama District 2 on June 5, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Tabitha Isner | 60.4 | 20,351 |
 | Audri Scott Williams | 39.6 | 13,315 | |
| Total votes: 33,666 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 2
Incumbent Martha Roby and Bobby Bright advanced to a runoff. They defeated Barry Moore, Rich Hobson, and Tommy Amason in the Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 2 on June 5, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Martha Roby | 39.0 | 36,708 |
| ✔ | | Bobby Bright | 28.1 | 26,481 |
| Barry Moore | 19.3 | 18,177 | |
 | Rich Hobson | 7.5 | 7,052 | |
 | Tommy Amason | 6.1 | 5,763 | |
| Total votes: 94,181 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
2016
Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Martha Roby (R) defeated the only Democrat to file in the race, Nathan Mathis, in the general election. Roby defeated Becky Gerritson and Robert Rogers in the Republican primary on March 1, 2016.[36][37][38]
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican |  Martha Roby Incumbent |
48.8% | 134,886 | |
| Democratic | Nathan Mathis | 40.5% | 112,089 | |
| N/A | Write-in | 10.7% | 29,609 | |
| Total Votes | 276,584 | |||
| Source: Alabama Secretary of State | ||||
| Candidate | Vote % | Votes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Martha Roby Incumbent |
66.4% | 78,689 | ||
| Becky Gerritson | 27.8% | 33,015 | ||
| Robert Rogers | 5.8% | 6,856 | ||
| Total Votes | 118,560 | |||
| Source: Alabama Secretary of State |
||||
2014
The 2nd Congressional District of Alabama held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Martha Roby (R) defeated Erick Wright (D) in the general election.
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Martha Roby Incumbent |
67.3% | 113,103 | |
| Democratic | Erick Wright | 32.6% | 54,692 | |
| N/A | Write-in | 0.1% | 157 | |
| Total Votes | 167,952 | |||
| Source: Alabama Secretary of State | ||||
See also
- Alabama's 2nd Congressional District election, 2020 (March 3 Democratic primary)
- Alabama's 2nd Congressional District election, 2020
- United States House elections in Alabama, 2020 (March 3 Democratic primaries)
- United States House elections in Alabama, 2020 (March 3 Republican primaries)
- United States House Democratic Party primaries, 2020
- United States House Republican Party primaries, 2020
- United States House of Representatives elections, 2020
- U.S. House battlegrounds, 2020
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Alabama Political Reporter, "Barry Moore faces Jeff Coleman in Republican runoff," March 9, 2020
- ↑ WTVY, "Barry Moore doesn't mind being underdog in congressional runoff," March 4, 2020
- ↑ YouTube, "Jeff Coleman on election runoff," March 3, 2020
- ↑ Candidate Connection surveys completed before September 26, 2019, were not used to generate candidate profiles. In battleground primaries, Ballotpedia based its selection of noteworthy candidates on polling, fundraising, and noteworthy endorsements. In battleground general elections, all major party candidates and any other candidates with the potential to impact the outcome of the race were included.
- ↑ Montgomery Advertiser, "Martha Roby endorses Jeff Coleman in 2nd Congressional District race," July 9, 2020
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Yellow Hammer News, "GOP Reps. Jim Jordan, Andy Biggs endorse Barry Moore in AL-02," June 16, 2020
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Yellow Hammer News, "Barry Moore endorsed by Club for Growth and political arm of House Freedom Caucus," March 18, 2020
- ↑ Facebook, "Barry Moore on May 19, 2020," accessed May 21, 2020
- ↑ Eagle Forum, "Eagle Forum PAC Endorses Barry Moore for Congress," March 18, 2020
- ↑ Facebook, "Barry Moore on July 13, 2020," accessed July 13, 2020
- ↑ Alabama News Network, "Jessica Taylor Endorsed by State Representative Will Dismukes," November 13, 2019
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Jessica Taylor's 2020 campaign website, "News," accessed February 21, 2020
- ↑ Alabama Daily News, "U.S. Chamber of Commerce to endorse Jeff Coleman for Congress," February 12, 2020
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Jeff Coleman’s campaign website, "Issues," accessed February 21, 2020
- ↑ Barry Moore's 2020 campaign website, "On the Issues," accessed June 30, 2020
- ↑ Fundraising by primary candidates can be found on the race's respective primary election page. Fundraising by general election candidates can be found on the race's general election page.
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2022 Quarterly Reports," accessed March 2, 2022
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Schedule C, Committee: Jeff Coleman for Congress, Inc.," accessed April 7, 2020
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Schedule C, Committee: Barry Moore for Congress," accessed April 7, 2020
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed September 22, 2015
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed September 22, 2015
- ↑ National Review.com, "Why the Media Hate Super PACs," November 6, 2015
- ↑ Open Secrets, "Club for Growth Action Independent Expenditures," accessed July 13, 2020
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Types," accessed July 22, 2024
- ↑ Justia, "Alabama Code § 17-13-1," accessed July 22, 2024
- ↑ Justia, "Alabama Code § 17-3-30," accessed July 22, 2024
- ↑ Code of Alabama, "Section 17-13-18," accessed July 10, 2020
- ↑ Alabama Secretary of State, "FAQs," accessed July 10, 2020
- ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
- ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
- ↑ The New York Times, "Alabama Primary Results," accessed March 1, 2016
- ↑ Alabama Republican Party, "2016 Qualified Alabama Republican Candidates," accessed November 10, 2015
- ↑ Alabama Democrats, "Qualified Democratic Candidates as of November 6, 2015," accessed November 10, 2015
