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Missouri's 8th Congressional District
Missouri's 8th Congressional District in the United States House of Representatives is represented by Jason Smith (R).
As of the 2020 Census, Missouri representatives represented an average of 770,035 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 751,435 residents.
Elections
2024
See also: Missouri's 8th Congressional District election, 2024
Missouri's 8th Congressional District election, 2024 (August 6 Democratic primary)
Missouri's 8th Congressional District election, 2024 (August 6 Republican primary)
General election
General election for U.S. House Missouri District 8
Incumbent Jason Smith defeated Randi McCallian and Jake Dawson in the general election for U.S. House Missouri District 8 on November 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Jason Smith (R) | 76.2 | 271,249 |
 | Randi McCallian (D)  | 21.8 | 77,649 | |
| Jake Dawson (L) | 2.0 | 7,166 | ||
| Total votes: 356,064 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8
Randi McCallian defeated Franklin Delano Roth II in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8 on August 6, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Randi McCallian | 70.4 | 12,571 |
 | Franklin Delano Roth II | 29.6 | 5,283 | |
| Total votes: 17,854 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8
Incumbent Jason Smith defeated James Snider and Grant Heithold in the Republican primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8 on August 6, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Jason Smith | 82.3 | 98,171 |
 | James Snider | 9.2 | 10,987 | |
 | Grant Heithold | 8.5 | 10,149 | |
| Total votes: 119,307 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Libertarian primary election
Libertarian primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8
Jake Dawson advanced from the Libertarian primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8 on August 6, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Jake Dawson | 100.0 | 247 | |
| Total votes: 247 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
2022
General election
General election for U.S. House Missouri District 8
Incumbent Jason Smith defeated Randi McCallian and Jim Higgins in the general election for U.S. House Missouri District 8 on November 8, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Jason Smith (R) | 76.0 | 186,472 |
| Randi McCallian (D) | 21.9 | 53,738 | |
 | Jim Higgins (L) | 2.1 | 5,185 | |
| Total votes: 245,395 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8
Randi McCallian advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8 on August 2, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Randi McCallian | 100.0 | 16,691 |
| Total votes: 16,691 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8
Incumbent Jason Smith defeated Jacob Turner in the Republican primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8 on August 2, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Jason Smith | 82.0 | 78,342 |
 | Jacob Turner | 18.0 | 17,242 | |
| Total votes: 95,584 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Jeremy Dennison (R)
Libertarian primary election
Libertarian primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8
Jim Higgins advanced from the Libertarian primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8 on August 2, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Jim Higgins | 100.0 | 232 |
| Total votes: 232 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
2020
General election
General election for U.S. House Missouri District 8
Incumbent Jason Smith defeated Kathy Ellis and Tom Schmitz in the general election for U.S. House Missouri District 8 on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Jason Smith (R) | 76.9 | 253,811 |
 | Kathy Ellis (D) | 21.4 | 70,561 | |
 | Tom Schmitz (L) | 1.8 | 5,854 | |
| Total votes: 330,226 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8
Kathy Ellis advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8 on August 4, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Kathy Ellis | 100.0 | 20,354 |
| Total votes: 20,354 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8
Incumbent Jason Smith advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8 on August 4, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Jason Smith | 100.0 | 114,074 |
| Total votes: 114,074 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Libertarian primary election
Libertarian primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8
Tom Schmitz advanced from the Libertarian primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8 on August 4, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Tom Schmitz | 100.0 | 265 |
| Total votes: 265 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
2018
General election
General election for U.S. House Missouri District 8
Incumbent Jason Smith defeated Kathy Ellis and Jonathan Lee Shell in the general election for U.S. House Missouri District 8 on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Jason Smith (R) | 73.4 | 194,042 |
| Kathy Ellis (D) | 25.0 | 66,151 | |
 | Jonathan Lee Shell (L) | 1.6 | 4,206 | |
| Total votes: 264,399 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8
Kathy Ellis advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8 on August 7, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Kathy Ellis | 100.0 | 33,799 |
| Total votes: 33,799 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8
Incumbent Jason Smith advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8 on August 7, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Jason Smith | 100.0 | 91,809 |
| Total votes: 91,809 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Libertarian primary election
Libertarian primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8
Jonathan Lee Shell advanced from the Libertarian primary for U.S. House Missouri District 8 on August 7, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Jonathan Lee Shell | 100.0 | 361 |
| Total votes: 361 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
2016
Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Jason Smith (R) defeated Dave Cowell (D) and Jonathan Lee Shell (L) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Smith defeated Todd Mahn, Phillip Smith, and Hal Brown in the Republican primary on August 2, 2016. Smith won re-election in the November 8 election.[1][2][3]
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican |  Jason Smith Incumbent |
74.4% | 229,792 | |
| Democratic | Dave Cowell | 22.7% | 70,009 | |
| Libertarian | Jonathan Lee Shell | 2.9% | 9,070 | |
| Total Votes | 308,871 | |||
| Source: Missouri Secretary of State | ||||
| Candidate | Vote % | Votes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Jason Smith Incumbent |
67.5% | 65,450 | ||
| Hal Brown | 15.8% | 15,342 | ||
| Todd Mahn | 11.9% | 11,564 | ||
| Phillip Smith | 4.7% | 4,602 | ||
| Total Votes | 96,958 | |||
| Source: Missouri Secretary of State |
||||
2014
The 8th Congressional District of Missouri held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Jason Smith (R) defeated Barbara Stocker (D), Rick Vandeven (L), Doug Enyart (Constitution Party) and Terry Hampton (I) in the general election.
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Jason Smith Incumbent |
66.7% | 106,124 | |
| Democratic | Barbara Stocker | 24.3% | 38,721 | |
| Libertarian | Rick Vandeven | 2.4% | 3,759 | |
| Constitution | Doug Enyart | 2.4% | 3,799 | |
| Independent | Terry Hampton | 4.3% | 6,821 | |
| Total Votes | 159,224 | |||
| Source: Missouri Secretary of State | ||||
2013
The 8th Congressional District of Missouri held a special election to fill the vacancy left by the resignation of Representative Jo Ann Emerson (R).[4] Jason Smith (R) won the election to replace Emerson.
| U.S. House, Missouri District 8 Special General Election, 2013 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Republican | Jason T. Smith |
67.1% | 42,141 | |
| Democratic | Steve Hodges | 27.4% | 17,207 | |
| Libertarian | Bill Slantz | 1.5% | 968 | |
| Constitution | Doug Enyart | 3.6% | 2,265 | |
| Write-in | Robert George | 0.1% | 75 | |
| Write-in | Thomas W. Brown | 0.1% | 85 | |
| Write-in | Wayne Byington | 0% | 25 | |
| Write-in | Theo Brown Sr. | 0% | 0 | |
| Total Votes | 62,766 | |||
| Source: Missouri Division of Elections "2013 Special Election Results" | ||||
2012
The 8th Congressional District of Missouri held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 6, 2012. Incumbent Jo Ann Emerson won re-election in the district.[5]
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Jack Rushin | 24.6% | 73,755 | |
| Republican | Jo Ann Emerson Incumbent |
71.9% | 216,083 | |
| Libertarian | Rick Vandeven | 3.5% | 10,553 | |
| Total Votes | 300,391 | |||
| Source: Missouri Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election" | ||||
The primary took place on August 7th, 2012.[6]
Republican Primary Results
| Candidate | Vote % | Votes |
|---|---|---|
|
Jo Ann Emerson |
67.1% | 61,975 |
| Bob Parker | 32.9% | 30,429 |
| Total Votes | 92,404 | |
2010
On November 2, 2010, Jo Ann Emerson won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Tommy Sowers (D), Larry Bill (Independent) and Rick Vandeven (L) in the general election.[7]
| U.S. House, Missouri District 8 General Election, 2010 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Republican | Jo Ann Emerson incumbent |
65.6% | 128,499 | |
| Democratic | Tommy Sowers | 28.8% | 56,377 | |
| Independent | Larry Bill | 3.7% | 7,193 | |
| Libertarian | Rick Vandeven | 2% | 3,930 | |
| Total Votes | 195,999 | |||
2008
On November 4, 2008, Jo Ann Emerson won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Joe Allen (D), Branden C. McCullough (L) and Richard L. Smith (Constitution) in the general election.[8]
| U.S. House, Missouri District 8 General Election, 2008 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Republican | Jo Ann Emerson incumbent |
71.4% | 198,798 | |
| Democratic | Joe Allen | 26.2% | 72,790 | |
| Libertarian | Branden C. McCullough | 1.6% | 4,443 | |
| Constitution | Richard L. Smith | 0.8% | 2,257 | |
| Total Votes | 278,288 | |||
2006
On November 7, 2006, Jo Ann Emerson won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Veronica J. Hambacker (D) and Branden C. McCullough (L) in the general election.[9]
| U.S. House, Missouri District 8 General Election, 2006 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Republican | Jo Ann Emerson incumbent |
71.6% | 156,164 | |
| Democratic | Veronica J. Hambacker | 26.4% | 57,557 | |
| Libertarian | Branden C. McCullough | 2% | 4,268 | |
| Total Votes | 217,989 | |||
2004
On November 2, 2004, Jo Ann Emerson won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Dean Henderson (D), Stan Cuff (L) and Leonard J. Davidson (Constitution) in the general election.[10]
| U.S. House, Missouri District 8 General Election, 2004 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Republican | Jo Ann Emerson incumbent |
72.2% | 194,039 | |
| Democratic | Dean Henderson | 26.6% | 71,543 | |
| Libertarian | Stan Cuff | 0.7% | 1,810 | |
| Constitution | Leonard J. Davidson | 0.5% | 1,319 | |
| Total Votes | 268,711 | |||
2002
On November 5, 2002, Jo Ann Emerson won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Gene Curtis (D) and Eric Van Oostrom (L) in the general election.[11]
| U.S. House, Missouri District 8 General Election, 2002 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Republican | Jo Ann Emerson incumbent |
71.8% | 135,144 | |
| Democratic | Gene Curtis | 26.9% | 50,686 | |
| Libertarian | Eric Van Oostrom | 1.3% | 2,491 | |
| Total Votes | 188,321 | |||
2000
On November 7, 2000, Jo Ann Emerson won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Bob Camp (D), Tom Sager (Green) and John B. Hendricks, Jr. (L) in the general election.[12]
| U.S. House, Missouri District 8 General Election, 2000 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Republican | Jo Ann Emerson incumbent |
69.3% | 162,239 | |
| Democratic | Bob Camp | 28.9% | 67,760 | |
| Green | Tom Sager | 0.7% | 1,739 | |
| Libertarian | John B. Hendricks, Jr. | 1% | 2,328 | |
| Total Votes | 234,066 | |||
District map
Redistricting
2020-2021
On August 29, 2025, Gov. Mike Kehoe (R) called a special legislative session for mid-decade congressional redistricting and proposed a map that would draw parts of Kansas City into surrounding rural districts.[13] The special session began on September 3, 2025.[14] The Missouri House approved the maps on September 9, 2025, by a 90-65 vote.[15]
Missouri had previously enacted new congressional district boundaries on May 18, 2022, when Gov. Mike Parson (R) signed them into law. According to Rudi Keller of the Missouri Independent, "No change in the partisan makeup of the Missouri delegation, currently six Republicans and two Democrats, is expected as a result of the map." Keller also wrote, "nine counties that have shifted almost wholly or entirely into new districts. Boundaries shifted in the five large-population counties that were previously split and a new split was introduced in Boone County in central Missouri."[16] This map took effect for Missouri’s 2022 congressional elections.
The Missouri House of Representatives approved the final version of the new congressional districts on May 9, 2022, by a vote of 101-47. Eighty-six Republicans and 15 Democrats approved the new map and 28 Democrats and 19 Republicans voted against it.[17] The state Senate approved the legislation (known as HB 2909) on May 11, 2022, by a vote of 22-11. Sixteen Republicans and six Democrats voted to approve the new map and seven Republicans and four Democrats voted against.[18]
After the Senate passed the maps, Keller wrote, "The first plan, released in December with backing from the Republican leaders of both chambers, essentially kept the partisan breakdown of the state’s delegation unchanged, with six safe Republican districts and two Democratic districts in Kansas City and St. Louis. The House passed that bill in January and, after weeks of on-and-off debate, the Senate passed a significantly altered version in late March. The seven members of the Senate’s conservative caucus demanded a map that cracked the Kansas City district and combined it with a huge swath of rural counties to make it possible for the GOP to capture the seat. The “6-2” vs. “7-1” debate came to a head in February when the conservative caucus began a filibuster that blocked progress not only on the redistricting plan but also on basically every other bill. At one point, two Republican Senators got into a shouting match and had to be physically separated."[19]
How does redistricting in Missouri work? In Missouri, congressional district boundaries are drawn by the state legislature. These lines are subject to veto by the governor.[20]
In 2018, the voters passed a citizens’ initiative called Amendment 1 that reshaped the redistricting process; in 2020, the voters narrowly passed a legislatively referred initiative called Amendment 3 that reshaped the process again.
Two distinct politician commissions are ultimately responsible for state legislative redistricting, one for the Missouri State Senate and another for the Missouri House of Representatives. Membership on these commissions is determined as follows:[20]
| “ |
Missouri’s congressional districts are drawn by the state legislature, as a regular statute, subject to gubernatorial veto. The state legislative lines are drawn by two separate politician commissions — one for state Senate districts, one for state House districts. For each commission, each major party’s congressional district committee nominates 2 members per congressional district, and the state committee nominates 5 members; the Governor chooses 1 per district per party and two per party from the statewide lists, for a total commission of 20.[21] |
” |
Missouri District 8
until January 2, 2023
Click a district to compare boundaries.
Missouri District 8
starting January 3, 2023
Click a district to compare boundaries.
2010-2011
In 2011, the Missouri State Legislature re-drew the congressional districts based on updated population information from the 2010 census.
District analysis
- See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
- See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores
2026
Heading into the 2026 elections, based on results from the 2024 and 2020 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district is R+27. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 27 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Missouri's 8th the 7th most Republican district nationally.[22]
2024
Heading into the 2024 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+28. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 28 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Missouri's 8th the 6th most Republican district nationally.[23]
Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Donald Trump (R) would have defeated Joe Biden (D) 75.0%-23.6%.[24]
2022
Heading into the 2022 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+28. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 28 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Missouri's 8th the 6th most Republican district nationally.[25]
Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Joe Biden (D) would have received 23.6% of the vote in this district and Donald Trump (R) would have received 75.0%.[26]
2018
Heading into the 2018 elections, based on results from the 2016 and 2012 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+24. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 24 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Missouri's 8th Congressional District the 21st most Republican nationally.[27]
FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 1.03. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.03 points toward that party.[28]
See also
- Redistricting in Missouri
- Missouri's 8th Congressional District election, 2024
- Missouri's 8th Congressional District election, 2022
- Missouri's 8th Congressional District election, 2020
- Missouri's 8th Congressional District election, 2018
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Missouri Secretary of State, "UNOFFICIAL Candidate Filing List," accessed March 30, 2016
- ↑ Politico, "Missouri House Primaries Results," August 2, 2016
- ↑ CNN, "Missouri House 08 Results," November 8, 2016
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Missouri Rep. Jo Ann Emerson to resign from House," accessed December 3, 2012
- ↑ Politico, "2012 Election Map, Missouri," accessed November 7, 2012
- ↑ Missouri Secretary of State, "Nov 6, 2012 General Election," accessed August 9, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2000," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named2025session - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedstlpr - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedfox2now - ↑ Missouri Independent, "Missouri Gov. Mike Parson signs new congressional redistricting plan," May 18, 2022
- ↑ Missouri House of Representatives, "101st General Assembly, 2nd Regular Session (HB2909)," accessed May 24, 2022
- ↑ Missouri Senate, "Journal of the Senate, May 11, 2022," accessed May 24, 2022
- ↑ Missouri Independent, "Missouri Senate adjourns early after passing congressional redistricting map," May 12, 2022
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 All About Redistricting, "Missouri," accessed April 16, 2024
- ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "2025 Cook PVI℠: District Map and List (119th Congress)," accessed July 1, 2025
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed January 10, 2024
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2020 presidential results by congressional district, for new and old districts," accessed September 15, 2022
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed February 6, 2023
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2020 presidential results by congressional district, for new and old districts," accessed September 15, 2022
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
- ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
