Cities that allow direct legislation via ballot initiatives

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Laws Governing Local Ballot Measures

State-by-State Laws Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

Terms

Initiative • Home rule • General law city • Charter city • Petition • Initiative petition circulation periods • Circulator • Paid circulator • Volunteer circulator • Circulator affidavit • Signer • Valid signature • Forged signature • Fraudulent signature • Invalid signature • Electronic petition signature • Legislative alteration • Registered voter

This page displays the city I&R status of each of the 10-largest population cities in each state.

Summary of research

Ballotpedia has conducted extensive research on the availability of initiative at the local level across the 50 states. A Ballotpedia publication, Local Ballot Initiatives: How citizens change laws with clipboards, conversations, and campaigns, released in December 2012, identifies 48 states that allow some form of binding initiative and referendum at the local level. The main project page explains the types, organization, and authority of local governments, and goes into great detail explaining the I&R and petitioning processes. From there, you can click on your state to get even more information, including the laws that govern the local ballot initiative process.

Below is a compilation of the information from each state's page regarding the initiative and referendum status of the top 10 most populated cities in the state. According to this research, completed in February 2013, 76% of these cities permit ballot initiatives. This represents 376 out of 492 analyzed. The total is not 500 due to the analysis in Hawaii being of the four counties, and in Rhode Island being of the 8 total cities. 65% of these cities operate under a charter. This represents 319 out of 492 analyzed.

Find your city in the list below, organized by state.

I&R and Charter Status Totals by State
State	# of Top 10 cities with I&R	# of Top 10 cities that are charter cities
Totals	376	319
Alabama	1	0
Alaska	10	7
Arizona	10	8
Arkansas	10	0
California	10	10
Colorado	10	10
Connecticut	10	10
Delaware	0	10
Florida	10	10
Georgia	9	10
Hawaii	4	4
Idaho	10	0
Illinois	0	0
Indiana	0	0
Iowa	2	2
Kansas	10	10
Kentucky	1	1
Louisiana	8	10
Maine	10	10
Maryland	10	10
Massachusetts	9	3
Michigan	10	10
Minnesota	8	8
Mississippi	2	2
Missouri	8	8
Montana	10	5
Nebraska	10	2
Nevada	10	8
New Hampshire	10	10
New Jersey	8	0
New Mexico	7	7
New York	10	10
North Carolina	2	10
North Dakota	10	10
Ohio	10	7
Oklahoma	10	9
Oregon	10	10
Pennsylvania	5	5
Rhode Island	4	8
South Carolina	10	0
South Dakota	10	5
Tennessee	5	10
Texas	10	10
Utah	10	0
Vermont	10	10
Virginia	3	10
Washington	10	6
West Virginia	10	10
Wisconsin	10	1
Wyoming	0	3

Alabama

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Alabama

Birmingham is the only one of the top 10 most populous cities in Alabama to have the powers of initiative and referendum.

Individual city provisions Birmingham is the only one of the top ten most populous cities in Alabama to have the powers of initiative and referendum. Birmingham Population as of the July 2012 census update: 212,038. Birmingham is a general law local government which operates under a Mayor-Council form of government. Birmingham's state-given process for initiative can only be used to initiate a city ordinance. For a valid petition, signatures from 10 percent of the qualified electors of the city must be gathered with a petition having the layout and information required by law. After a petition is sufficient it goes to the council for approval. If the council members fail to adopt the petitioned ordinance exactly as petitioned within 20 days of the filing of a valid petition, the council must call for a special election or, if the next general election is within 20 days, add the ordinance to the general election ballot.

Alaska

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Alaska

7 of the 10 largest municipalities in Alaska are governed by a home rule charter. Charter municipalities may differ from the state statutes and set their own requirements for initiative. The information below comes from the specific city charter or code. Click on the citation links to read the full requirements for the initiative process. In addition, Alaska Statute 29.10.200 lists the limitation of home rule powers of charter municipalities.

Individual city provisions   Anchorage Population as of the July 2011 census update: 295,570. Anchorage is a consolidated city-borough government with charter. Anchorage grants initiative for ordinances and charter amendment. The signature requirement is 10% of the voters who cast ballots at the last regular mayoral election. Petitioners must first file an application for a petition on a form prescribed and provided by the municipal clerk. Anchorage Code, Sec. 2.50 contains the required content. After review of the application, the clerk issues blank petitions. Signatures on the petition must be secured within 90 days from the date when circulation began. The council shall submit the measure to the voters at the next regular election held at least 45 days after certification of the petition. Except for ordinances, an initiative petition is void if the assembly enacts substantially the same measure prior to the election. The assembly may not repeal or substantially alter an ordinance enacted by initiative within two years after certification of the election. Restrictions: Initiative is not available for ordinances establishing budgets, fixing mill levies, authorizing the issuance of bonds, or appropriating funds. (Anchorage Charter, Sec. 3.02) Anchorage Charter, Sec. 3.02, Art. XVIII; Anchorage Code Chap. 250 Juneau Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 32,164. Juneau is a consolidated city-borough government with charter. Juneau grants initiative for ordinances and charter amendments. The signature requirement is 25% of the votes cast in the municipality at the preceding regular municipal election. Any 5 qualified municipal voters may commence initiative proceedings by filing with the clerk an affidavit stating they will constitute the petitioners committee. After the initial affidavit is filed the clerk issues petition sheets. The required content and formatting for the initial affidavit and petitions are detailed in the charter and code. Petitions must be filed within 30 days from issuance. For ordinances, the assembly has 45 days to pass or shall submit the proposed measure at the next regular election, or, if already scheduled, a special election occurring no sooner than 90 days thereafter. If no regular election is scheduled within 75 days, the assembly may call a special election. For charter amendments, the assembly shall submit the proposed measure at an election held not less than 60 days and not more than 120 days after the amendment has been proposed; if no general election is scheduled in that frame a special election will be called. Restrictions: Initiative is not available for ordinances establishing budgets, fixing mill levies, or ordinances or other measures appropriating funds (Juneau Charter, Sec. 7.1) Juneau Charter, Art. VII, Art. XIV; Juneau Code Chap. 29.10 Fairbanks Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 32,036. Fairbanks is a home rule charter city. Fairbanks grants initiative for ordinances and charter amendments. The signature requirement for ordinances is 15% of the votes cast in the preceding regular election; for charter amendments, it is 25%. To begin an initiative, 10 qualified voters file an application with the clerk for legal review. After review of the application, the clerk issues the petitions. The required content and formatting for the initial application and petitions are detailed in the charter and code. Sponsors circulating petitions shall be at least 18 years old and residents of the City of Fairbanks and shall affirm the same in the affidavit form supplied by the city clerk. Petitions must be filed within 90 days from issuance. For ordinances, the council shall place them on the ballot for the next regular election or at a special election, if already scheduled and occurring not sooner than 60 days after certification of the petition. If no election is scheduled within 75 days the council may order a special election be held on the matter, but not sooner than 60 days after certification of the petition. If, before the election, the council adopts substantially the same measure the petition shall be void. Proposed charter amendments shall be submitted at the first regular election held more than 30 days following the filing of the petition. Fairbanks Charter, Art. XII, Art. XIV; Fairbanks Code Chap. 23 Sitka Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 8,952. Sitka is a consolidated city-borough government with charter. Sitka grants initiative for ordinances. The signature requirements is 20% of the total number of electors voting at the last regular annual election. An initial application shall be filed with the clerk for review. The clerk then issues the petitions. The required content and formatting for the initial application and petitions are detailed in the charter and code. Signatures on the petition must be secured within 90 days from the date when circulation begins. The assembly may, at any time not less than 45 or more than 90 days prior to the date of the election, adopt an ordinance or resolution to implement the petition. If this happens, an election shall not be held. Otherwise, the ordinance shall be submitted to the voters at the next previously scheduled municipal special or regular election that will be held at least 40 days after certification of the petition. However, if the petition contains signatures equal to or greater than 1/3 of the number of electors voting at the last regular annual election, a special election must be held within 40-90 days. The assembly may not, within one year, act in any way to modify or negate the effect of a successful initiative. Sitka Charter, Art. VI Sitka Code Sec. 2.40.040,050 Ketchikan Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 8,119. Ketchikan is a home rule charter city. Ketchikan grants initiative for ordinances and charter amendments. The signature requirement is 25% of the total votes cast at the immediately preceding regular city election. A copy of the petition shall be filed with the city clerk before copies are circulated for signatures. If only a summary appears on the petition, petitioners must file the full text with the clerk. Completed petitions must be filed within one month of the initial filing with the city clerk. After certification, the city clerk shall submit the measure on the ballot for the next regular or special city election held not less than two months after the final determination of the legality and sufficiency of the petition. The petition shall be void if the council enacts an ordinance substantially the same as the one in the petition at least one month before the election. If the measure goes to a special election, the number of votes cast at the election must be at least 50% of the number of the votes cast at the last regular municipal election for the measure to pass. The council may not, within two years after the election, repeal an initiated ordinance which has been enacted. Restrictions: Ordinances granting, extending or renewing franchises for public utilities shall not be subject to the initiative. Ketchikan Charter, Art. XI, XIII Ketchikan Code Sec. 1.08.890 Wasilla Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 8,092. Wasilla is a general law city. As a general law city, Wasilla is bound by the state statues regarding initiative. The process requirements for all general law cities are provided above. Kenai Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 7,218. Kenai is a home rule charter city. Kenai grants initiative for ordinances and charter amendments. The signature requirement is 25% of the total votes cast at the immediately preceding regular city election. A copy of the petition shall be filed with the city clerk before copies are circulated for signatures. Completed petitions must be filed within one month of the initial filing with the city clerk. After certification, the clerk shall place the question on the ballot for the next regular or special city election held not less than two months after final determination of the legality and sufficiency of the petition. The petition shall be void if the council enacts an ordinance substantially the same as the one in the petition at least one month before the election. Restrictions: Ordinances granting, extending, renewing, or amending franchises for public utilities and ordinances regulating compensation or days and hours of work of appointive personnel shall not be subject to the initiative. (Kenai Charter, Sec. 11.1) Kenai Code Sec. 6.20.010 Kodiak City Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 6,256. Kodiak City is a home rule charter city. Kodiak City grants initiative for ordinances and charter amendments. The signature requirement is 25% of the number of qualified votes cast at the last regular city election. Prior to circulation, 10 voters file an application with the city clerk. The clerk then prepares the blank petitions. Content and formatting requirements are detailed in the city charter and code. Signatures must be secured and filed within 35 days of petition issuance. After certification, the measure shall be submitted to the voters at the next regular election or, if already scheduled, a special election occurring not sooner than 60 days after the certification of the petition. If no election is scheduled to occur within 75 days after certification of the petition the council may hold a special election, but not sooner than 60 days after certification of the petition. If the city council, prior to the election, adopts substantially the same measure sought to be initiated, the petition is void and the matter shall not be placed before the voters. If the measure goes to a special election, the number of votes cast at the election must be at least 50% of the number of the votes cast at the last regular municipal election for the measure to pass. Restrictions: Ordinances granting, extending, or renewing franchises for public utilities shall not be subject to the initiative. (Kodiak Charter, Art. XI, Sec. 1) Kodiak City Charter, Art. XI, XIII; Kodiak City Code Chap. 2.22 Bethel Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 6,219. Bethel is a general law city. As a general law city, Bethel is bound by the state statues regarding initiative. The process requirements for all general law cities are provided above. Palmer Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 6,122. Palmer is a general law city. As a general law city, Palmer is bound by the state statues regarding initiative. The process requirements for all general law cities are provided above.

Arizona

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Arizona

All cities and towns in Arizona are subject to state-mandated ordinance initiative and referendum procedures. Eight of the Top-10 largest cities in Arizona are charter cities are and therefore also subject to state-mandated procedures for charter amendment initiative and referendum.

Individual city provisions

Arkansas

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Arkansas

The top 10 most populated cities in Arkansas are general law cities which have initiative processes subject to the constitutional requirements detailed above. Most of the city codes do not contain additional initiative provisions. The few that have added clarifying local laws are provided below.

Individual city provisions   Little Rock Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 195,314. Little Rock is a general law city. The city code follows the 15% signature requirement, but (as a city manager form of government, in accordance with Ark. Code, § 14-14-914) slightly alters the way it is computed: "The number of signatures required upon any petition shall be computed upon the highest vote cast at the last preceding general election for any position on the board of directors." The code also sets a time frame for filing petitions: "All initiative petitions proposing local measures shall be filed with the city clerk not less than 60 days nor more than 90 days prior to the election at which they are to be voted upon." Little Rock Code, Chap. 2, Art. III Fayetteville Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 75,102. Fayetteville is a general law city. The city code states that initiative petitions must be filed no later than 83 days before the general election date. Fayetteville Code, Sec. 36.01 The next 8 most populated cities (Fort Smith, Springdale, Jonesboro, North Little Rock, Conway, Rogers, Pine Bluff, Bentonville) do not provide additional initiative requirements in their city codes.

California

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in California

Individual city provisions

Colorado

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Colorado

The top 10 most populated cities in Colorado are all governed under a home rule charter. Initiative is available for charter amendments under state law as detailed above. Charter cities must also allow initiative for ordinances under state law, but may differ from the general law requirements and set their own signature percentages, filing deadlines or additional requirements by charter. The provisions below come from the specific city charter or code. Click on the citation links to read the full requirements for the initiative process.

Individual city provisions   Denver Population as of the July 2011 census update: 619,968. Denver is a charter consolidated city-county. The signature requirement is 5% of the total vote for the office of Mayor in the last election at which a Mayor was elected. 5 registered electors of the City and County of Denver may begin the proceedings for initiative by filing with the Clerk and Recorder an affidavit constituting themselves as a petitioners' committee. The required affidavit and petition content is in Denver Charter, Sec. 8.3.2. Petitioners must also submit the proposed text to the city council staff and the city attorney for review and comments. Circulators shall be a qualified electors of Colorado. A completed initiative petition must be filed with the Clerk and Recorder no later than 180 days from the date of approval of the affidavit, ballot title, and petition form. Unless the City Council calls an earlier special municipal election, the Clerk and Recorder shall submit the initiative or referendum to the ballot at the next scheduled citywide election held not less than 60 days after the determination of sufficiency. Denver Charter, Article VIII, Part 3 Colorado Springs Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 426,388. Colorado Springs is a charter city. The signature requirement is 20% of the total ballots cast for the office of Mayor in the last preceding election for such office (but reduced if this would exceed constitutional limit of 15% of registered electors). Any 3 electors may commence initiative proceedings by filing with the Clerk an affidavit stating they will constitute a petitioners' committee along with the content requirements and the review process detailed in Colorado Springs Charter, Sec. 12.20 and Code Sec. 5.1.506. The clerk issues the required blank petitions. Petitions must be filed 180 days from issuance. After certification, the council has 20 days to pass without alteration or shall call a special election within 90 days unless a general municipal election is fixed within said 90 days. Colorado Springs Charter, Art. XII; Colorado Springs Code 5.1.501 to 511 Aurora Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 332,354. Aurora is a charter city. The signature requirement is 15% of the total vote cast in the last regular municipal election. File statement of intent and prepared petition with city clerk for review and designation of a ballot title. Petition form requirements are in the Aurora Code, Sec. 54.103. Petitions must be filed within 120 days of the clerk's designation of the title. After certification, the council has 30 days to pass or shall call a special election within 150 days, unless a regular municipal election is set within 90 days. Aurora Charter, Art. VI; Aurora Code Chap. 54-101 to 112 Fort Collins Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 146,762. Fort Collins is a charter city. The signature requirement is 10% of the total ballots cast in the last regular city election. However, 15% is required when a special election is requested by the petitioners. One or more registered electors may commence initiative proceedings by filing with the city clerk a written notice of intent to circulate an initiative petition. The clerk must approve the petition form. Blank petition forms should be available from the clerk, with the requirements in Fort Collins Charter, Art. X, Sec. 5. Petitions must be filed no more than 60 days after the city clerk's approval of the form for circulation. Unless a special election is requested, the petition must also be filed at least 60 days prior to the next regular city election. After certification, the council has 30 days to pass the measure or they shall submit it at the next regular election unless a special election is requested. Special elections must be held within 120 days. Fort Collins Charter, Art. X Lakewood Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 144,406. Lakewood is a charter city. The signature requirement is 5% of the total number of registered electors of the city on the date of the last regular municipal election. Petitioners must submit an original draft to the city clerk before the petition relating thereto is circulated. The clerk designates a title, summary, and approves the petition form. The petition's form and content requirements are found in the Lakewood Code, Sec. 2.52.080,090. Petitions must be filed within 180 days from the date that the title and submission clause have been fixed and determined. After certification, the council has 30 days to pass the measure or they shall submit it at a special election to be held within 90 days, but not less than 30 days, after the petition is presented to the city council; or at any regular municipal election to be held not more than 90 days after presentation of the petition to the city council. Lakewood Charter, Art. XII Lakewood Code, Chap. 2.52 Thornton Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 121,435. Thornton is a charter city. The signature requirement is 10% of the number of persons who were registered electors of the city, as of the date of the last regular city election. The Thornton charter references the general law requirements as provided above (C.R.S. 31-11-106) relating to pre-circulation form approval and petition requirements. All signatures on said petition shall be obtained within 21 days before the date of filing the petition with the city clerk. After certification, the council has 30 days to pass the measure or they shall submit it at the next municipal election held in the city for any other purpose or, at the discretion of the Council, at a special Municipal election called for that specific purpose. If no election is to be held in the city for any other purpose within 150 days then the council shall call a special election within 60 days. Thornton Charter, Sec. 8.12 to 8.16 Westminster Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 107,967. Westminster is a charter city. The signature requirement is 10% of the number of persons who were registered electors of the city, as of the date of the last regular City election. The city clerk shall maintain and provide a blank form of petition. Form and content requirements are in Westminster Charter, Sec. 8.10 and Code Sec. 7-1-9, including the names of 3 registered electors as committee of petitioners and circulator affidavits. No signature on an initiative petition may be counted if it was signed more than 180 days from the date of filing. After certification, the council has 30 days to pass or shall submit at the next election, occurring not less than 60 days after said decision, held in the City for any other purpose, or, in the discretion of the Council, at a special election called for that specific purpose. Westminster Charter, Sec. 8.9 to 8.14 Westminster Code, Sec. 7-1-9 Pueblo Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 107,577. Pueblo is a charter city. The signature requirement is 5% of the total vote cast in the last general city election. The Pueblo charter states that the general law initiative process requirements are to be followed (provided above, such as petition content contained in C.R.S. 31-11-106), except that no blank forms shall be furnished or preliminary affidavits required. After certification, the Council shall either pass said ordinance within 30 days without alterations, subject to the referendum, or refer the proposed ordinance to the registered electors of the city at a regular or special city election to be held not less than 60 days and not more than 150 days after the final determination of petition sufficiency by the city clerk. Pueblo Charter, Art. 18 Arvada Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 107,541. Arvada is a charter city. The signature requirement is 10% of the total number of registered electors of the city as of the date the notice of intent is filed with the city clerk. At least 5 registered electors file with the city clerk a notice of intent to file a petition for an initiated ordinance. Petition form requirements are in the Arvada Code, Sec. 30-34. Petitions must be filed within 30 days of filing the notice of intent. After certification, the council has 30 days to pass the measure or they shall submit it at a special election or at a regular municipal election to be held within 120 days, but not less than 30 days, after the petition is presented to the city council. Arvada Charter, Sec. 5.13; Arvada Code Chap. 30, Art. 2 Centennial Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 102,603. Centennial is a charter city. The signature requirement is 5% of the registered electors if seeking a regular election, 15% for a special election. The Centennial charter states that the general law initiative process requirements are to be followed (provided above, such as form approval by the city clerk and petition content contained in C.R.S. 31-11-106). After certification, the city council shall have 35 days to adopt the proposed ordinance or refer it to the registered electors of the city at a regular or special election. Centennial Charter, Art. VI

Connecticut

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Connecticut

No additional individual city provisions for initiative or referendum were found in the top 10 most populated cities beyond the limited process given by state law.

Delaware

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Delaware

None of the top 10 most populated cities have amended their charters to include initiative and referendum powers. See the initiative process availability section on the page above for a list of which cities in Delaware do have local ordinance initiative and referendum powers.

Florida

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Florida

These cities are all charter cities and subject to the state mandate for charter amendment by initiative and referendum; except Jacksonville which, as a consolidated city-county government, has its own charter amendment process as provided below. Cities may also authorize initiative for ordinances in their charter. 8 of the top 10 most populated cities have done so.

Individual city provisions   Jacksonville Population as of the July 2011 census update: 827,908. Jacksonville is a chartered consolidated city-county. Jacksonville has a different process for charter amendment from the process set by the state. The petition must be signed by qualified voters of Duval County equal in number to at least 5% of the total number of registered voters in the city at the time of the last preceding general consolidated government election. The petition must be filed with the Supervisor of Elections for validation no later than 180 days prior to the election date requested by the petitioners' committee. The Form of the petition is detailed in the Jacksonville Charter, Sec. 18.05. The petitioning process shall be commenced by any 5 registered voters who shall file with the supervisor of elections an affidavit stating that they will constitute the "petitioners' committee." The Petitioner's Committee shall simultaneously file proof of the establishment of a political committee as required by section 106.03 of the Florida Statutes. The completed petition is filed with supervisor of elections. The approval process is direct and, unless otherwise scheduled by the Council, the referendum shall be held as a part of and at the same time as the next consolidated government, school board, state, or federal election in which all qualified voters of Duval County are entitled to participate. A simple majority determines the outcome of the election. The Jacksonville charter does not authorize binding ordinance initiative, but does permit the same process above to be used for a non-binding "straw poll" ballot vote on any matter of public interest. (Jacksonville Charter, Sec. 18.05) Miami Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 408,750. Miami is a charter city. Miami has its own initiative process for ordinances. Signatures from 10% of the electors of the city registered at the last general municipal election are required for the petition. Any 5 registered voters may commence the initiative proceedings by filing with the city clerk an affidavit stating they will constitute the committee of the petition, along with other required content. Registration as a political committee may be required under Florida Statute 106.03. The requirements for circulators and the circulator affidavit form are found in the Miami Charter, Section 5. The process for approval is indirect and the commission has 30 days to pass or submit the proposed ordinance at the next election occurring not fewer than 30 days after. If no election is to be held within 6 months from such date, the city commission shall call a special election to be held not fewer than 30 nor more than 120 days later. A simple majority determines the outcome of the election. (Miami Charter, Sec. 5) Tampa Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 346,037. Tampa is a charter city. Tampa has its own initiative process for ordinances. Petitions are not allowed to extend to the budget or capital improvement program or any emergency ordinance, or ordinance relating to appropriation of money, levy of taxes or salaries of city officers or employees. 10% of the electors of the city qualified to vote at the last general municipal election are required to sign the petition. The form and content of the petition shall be as provided for under Florida Statutes Ch. 100.361. The process for approval is indirect and the council may adopt or submit the proposed ordinance at a city election. (Tampa Charter Sec. 10.07, 10.08) St. Petersburg Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 244,997. St. Petersburg is a charter city. St. Petersburg has its own initiative process for ordinances. Petitions are not allowed to extend to the budget or any ordinance relating to appropriation of money, levy of taxes or salaries of City officials or employees. 10% of the total number of qualified voters registered to vote at the last general City election are required to sign the petition. Any 5 qualified voters may commence initiative proceedings by filing with the City Clerk an affidavit stating they will constitute the petitioner's committee along with the other required content. Promptly after the affidavit of the petitioner's committee is filed, the City Clerk may, at the committee's request, issues the appropriate petition blanks to the petitioner's committee at the committee's expense. Requirements regarding the petitions form, content, and the circulator affidavit are found in the St. Petersburg Charter, Sec. 7.05. The process for approval is indirect and the council may adopt or submit the proposed ordinance at a general or special election to be held not less than 30 or more than 90 days later. A simple majority determines the outcome of the election. (St. Petersburg Charter, Art. VII) Orlando Population as of the July 2011 census update: 243,195. Orlando is a charter city. Orlando has its own initiative process for ordinances. 15% of the total number of qualified registered voters of the City of Orlando must sign the petition. The process for approval is indirect and within two weeks of the filing of the petition the Council may pass the ordinance, or shall call a special election to be held within 90 days. A simple majority determines the outcome of the election. (Orlando Charter, Chap. 2, Sec. 14) Hialeah Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 229,969. Hialeah is a charter city. Hialeah has its own initiative process for ordinances. Petitions are not empowered to propose ordinances that extend to providing an annual budget or capital program, appropriating money, levying taxes or setting salaries of city officers or employees. Signatures are required from 10% of the total number of electors registered to vote at the last regular city election. Any 10 electors may commence initiative proceedings by filing with the city clerk an affidavit stating that they will constitute the petitioners' committee, along with other required content. Prior to circulation, the city attorney shall approve the petitioners' proposed ordinance for legal sufficiency and form. Promptly after the petitioners' committee's affidavit is filed, the city clerk, at the committee's request, may issue the appropriate petition forms to the committee at the committee's expense. Regulations regarding the petitions form and content, and the circulator affidavit are found in Hialeah Charter Sec. 6.04. Petitions must be filed within 60 days of the commencement date of the initiative proceedings. The approval process is indirect and the council has 45 days to adopt or must submit at a general or special election not less than 30 or more than 60 days later. A simple majority determines the outcome of the election. (Hialeah Charter, Art. VI) Tallahassee Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 182,965. Tallahassee is a charter city. Tallahassee has no initiative and referendum process for ordinances. Its only initiative process is the state mandated charter amendment process (see above for details). Fort Lauderdale Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 168,528. Fort Lauderdale is a charter city. Fort Lauderdale has its own initiative process for ordinances. There are two stages- in the first, a 1,000 member elector committee submits an initial petition including the election supervisor's certificate to the city commission. The committee may request the assistance of the city attorney to draft the ordinance. A commission hearing occurs to pass the proposed ordinance or agree on an altered proposal, and if this fails the petitioners may request an election. If the commission does not adopt the proposed ordinance and refuses the election request then signatures from 15% of the registered electors of the city are required to force adoption or election. For the second stage the clerk prepares the petition, and petitioners must file the complete petition within 60 days from receiving the receipt from the clerk. After filing the second petition it shall be the mandatory duty of the city commission at such meeting at which the clerk's certificate is presented to enact the ordinance in final form, or submit it at a general or special election not less than 30 or more than 60 days after. A simple majority determines the outcome of the election. (Fort Lauderdale Charter, Sec. 3.15 to 3.19) Port St. Lucie Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 166,149. Port St. Lucie is a charter city. Port St. Lucie has its own initiative process for ordinances. Petitions shall not extend to the budget or capital program or any ordinance relating to appropriation of money, levy of taxes or salaries of city officers or employees. Signatures are required from 15% of the total number of qualified voters registered to vote at the last regular city election. Any 5 qualified voters may commence initiative proceedings by filing with the city clerk an affidavit stating they will constitute the petitioners' committee, along with other required content. Promptly after the affidavit of the petitioners' committee is filed the clerk shall issue the appropriate petition blanks to the petitioner's committee. Regulations regarding the petition's form and content and the circulator affidavit are found in Port St. Lucie Charter, Sec. 7.03. The process for approval is indirect and the council may adopt the measure within 60 days or submit it at a general or special election not less than 30 days or more than 1 year later. A simple majority determines the outcome of the election. (Port St. Lucie Charter, Art. VII) Pembroke Pines Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 157,594. Pembroke Pines is a charter city. Pembroke Pines has an initiative process for ordinances. Petitions shall not extend to the budget or capital program or any ordinance relating to appropriation of money, levy of taxes or salaries of City officers or employees. Signatures are required from 10% of the total number of qualified voters registered to vote at the last regular city election. Any 10 qualified voters may commence initiative proceedings by filing with the City Clerk or other official designated by the Commission an affidavit stating they will constitute the petitioners’ committee, along with other required content. Promptly after the affidavit of the petitioners’ committee is filed, the clerk or other official designated by the Commission may, at the committee’s request, issue the appropriate petition blanks to the petitioners’ committee at the committee’s expense. Regulations regarding the petition's form and content and the circulator affidavit are found in Pembroke Pines Charter, Sec. 6.03. The process for approval is indirect and the council may adopt the proposed ordinance within 60 days or submit it at a general or special election not less than 30 days or more than 60 days later. A simple majority determines the outcome of the election. (Pembroke Pines Charter, Art. VI)

Georgia

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Georgia

Initiative is available for ordinances and charter amendments under state law as detailed above. Out of the top 10 most populated cities in Georgia, Augusta and Columbus are the only 2 that have individual initiative and referendum processes in their charters.

Individual city provisions   Atlanta Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 432,427. Atlanta is a charter city. Initiative is available for ordinances and charter amendments under the state mandated process outlined above. Augusta Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 196,494. Augusta is a chartered consolidated city-county. There is an additional initiative and referendum process in the Augusta charter, in which the signature requirement is equal to 10% of the registered electors of the last general election. The Augusta charter lists subject restrictions and establishes that any petition must not conflict with state statutes in Section 1-1. The charter requires the full text of the measure in the petition layout and information. The petition must be filed with the judge of the probate court. The probate judge must call a special election between 10 and 60 days after the filing of the Petition. The election must be held between 60 and 90 days after filing. (Augusta-Richmond Charter, Sec. 1.1) See link to Augusta Charter in External Links Columbus Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 194,107. Columbus is a chartered consolidated city-county. Columbus has an additional process in its charter which involves two rounds. The first round requires signatures from 5% of the registered voters and must be filed 60 days from the first signature of the petition. The petition must be uniform in character, contain the proposed ordinance in full, and contain the names and addresses of at least 5 qualified voters who are serving as the committee of the petitioners. It must also contain a circulator affidavit as well as meeting other requirements as found in Columbus City Charter Section 6.4. After the filing of a successful first round petition, the City Council has 30 days to adopt the petitioned ordinance. If the Council does not adopt the ordinance, the petitioners must file a demand with the City Clerk within 5 days. The petitioners must gather signatures of 25% of registered electors in 20 days. If this second petition is successful the ordinance will go to an election. (Columbus City Charter Section 6.4) See link to Columbus Charter in External Links Savannah Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 139,491. Savannah is a charter city. Initiative is available for ordinances and charter amendments under the state mandated process outlined above. Athens Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 116,084. Athens is a chartered consolidated city-county. The Athens consolidated charter seems to exclude charter amendment by initiative, while there is no mention of ordinance initiative. As a consolidated city-county, the applicability of the state initiative mandates is unclear. Sandy Springs Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 96,856. Sandy Springs is a charter city. Initiative is available for ordinances and charter amendments under the state mandated process outlined above. Macon Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 91,856. Macon is a charter city. Initiative is available for ordinances and charter amendments under the state mandated process outlined above. Roswell Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 91,168. Roswell is a charter city. Initiative is available for ordinances and charter amendments under the state mandated process outlined above. Johns Creek Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 79,192. Johns Creek is a charter city. Initiative is available for ordinances and charter amendments under the state mandated process outlined above. Albany Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 77,683. Albany is a charter city. Initiative is available for ordinances and charter amendments under the state mandated process outlined above.

Hawaii

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Hawaii

An initiative process is available in all 4 counties for citizens to propose ordinances and charter amendments, including the consolidated city-county of Honolulu. The process requirements are set by the county's respective charter.

Initiative process by county   Consolidated City-County of Honolulu Ordinances: The signature requirement is 10% of the total voters registered in the last regular mayoral election. Each voter signing such petition shall add to the signature, the voter's printed name, residence, social security number and the date of signing. Petitions shall set forth the proposed ordinance, a circulator affidavit must be attached, and 3-5 persons must be designated to approve any alterations to the text. After signature certification, the council may adopt the proposed ordinance or submit it at a scheduled general or special election. Petitions should be filed at least 90 days before a scheduled election to appear on that ballot. An additional provision provides that if the petition is signed by at least 15% of the votes cast for mayor in the last regular mayoral election (with a request for a special election), a special election shall be called if there is no scheduled election within 180 days. Ordinances adopted by initiative are not subject to a mayoral veto, and shall not be amended or repealed by the council within two years after adoption, except as a result of subsequent initiative or by an ordinance adopted by the affirmative vote of at least three quarters of the entire council after a public hearing. (Honolulu Charter, Art. III, Chap 4) Restrictions: The initiative power shall not extend to any ordinance authorizing or repealing the levy of taxes, the appropriation of money, the issuance of bonds, the salaries of county employees or officers, or any matter governed by collective bargaining contracts. (Honolulu Charter, Sec. 3-401) Charter amendments: The initiative process for charter amendment largely follows the same requirements for ordinances. The signature requirement is 10% of the total voters registered in the last regular mayoral election. Each voter signing such petition shall add to the signature, the voter's printed name, residence, social security number and the date of signing. Petitions shall set forth the proposed amendment, a cirulator affidavit must be attached, and 3-5 persons must be designated to approve any alterations to the text. The difference is that after certification, the proposed amendment must be submitted at the next general election. (Honolulu Charter, Art. XV) Charter, Art. III, Chap.4 and Art. XV County of Hawaii Ordinances: The signature requirement is 15% of the total number of persons who voted in the county for the office of mayor in the last mayoral election. A petitioners' committee of 5 voters of the county must provide notice to the county clerk meeting the requirements of Hawaii Charter, Sec. 11-4. The clerk will provide sample petitions, conforming to the form and content requirements contained in Sec. 11-5. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt or shall submit at the next general election. Ordinances adopted by initiative may not be repealed or amended for at least three years, except by a two-thirds vote of the city council. (Hawaii Charter, Article XI) Charter amendments: The signature requirement is 20% of the total ballots cast in the last preceding general election. Petition content requirements are in the Hawaii Charter, Sec. 15-1. After certification, the proposed amendment shall be submitted at the next general election. (Hawaii Charter, Article XV) Hawaii Charter, Art. XI and Art. XV County of Maui Ordinances: The signature requirement is 20% of the total number of voters who cast ballots in the last mayoral general election. Any 5 qualified voters may commence initiative proceedings by filing with the county clerk an affidavit with the content required in the Maui Charter, Sec. 11-2. Petition content requirements are in Sec. 11-3. Completed petitions must be assembled as one instrument and filed with the county clerk within 180 days of the initial affidavit. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt the ordinance or submit it to the voters at the next general election, provided the next general election is not scheduled in less than 90 days. Any ordinances enacted pursuant to this article may be amended or repealed by ordinance enacted after one year from the date of certification, but only by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the council membership. (Maui Charter, Art. 11) Restrictions: Initiatives shall not extend to: any part or all of the capital program or annual budget; any property tax levied; any ordinance making or repealing any appropriation of money; any ordinance authorizing the issuance of bonds; any ordinance authorizing the appointment of employees; or, any emergency ordinance. (Maui Charter, Sec. 11-1) Charter amendments: The Maui charter provides two separate options to initiate charter amendments. The first requires a petition signed by 10% of the voters registered in the last general election. The proposed amendment is presented to the city council, which votes on whether or not to submit it to an election. The second option is a petition signed by 20% of the voters registered in the last general election. After certification of a 20% petition, the proposed amendment shall be submitted at the next general election. Petition content requirements are in Maui Charter, Sec. 14-1. (Maui Charter, Art. 14) Maui Charter, Art. 11 and 14 County of Kauai Ordinances: The signature requirement is 20% of the number of eligible voters in the last preceding general election. Petitions must name 5 qualified voters of the county as the responsible petitioner's committee. Other petition content requirements are in Kauai Charter, Sec. 22.05. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt the proposed measure or they shall submit it at the next general election. The council may, at its discretion, call a special election. Petitions must be filed at least 120 calendar days prior to the day scheduled for the general election in the county to appear on that ballot. (Kauai Charter, Art. XXII) Restrictions: The initiative power shall not extend to any part or all of the operating budget or capital budget; any financial matter relating to public works; any ordinance authorizing or repealing the levy of taxes; any emergency legislation; any ordinance making or repealing any appropriation of money or fixing the salaries of county employees or officers; any ordinance authorizing the appointment of employees; any ordinance authorizing the issuance of bonds; or any matter covered under collective bargaining contracts. (Kauai Charter, Sec. 22.02) Charter amendments: The signature requirement is 5% of the voters registered in the last general election. The petition content requirements are in the Kauai Charter, Sec. 24.01. After certification, the proposed amendment shall be submitted to the voters of the county at the next general election. (Kauai Charter, Art. XXIV) Kauai Charter, Art. XXII and Art. XXIV

Idaho

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Idaho

Initiative is available in all of the top 10 most populated cities as required by state law, detailed above. The cities are expected to have clarifying initiative and referendum laws similar to those found in State Law above. Below are the individual city code for ordinance initiative and referendum as given partly by the state code and partly by individual city codes.

Individual city provisions   Boise Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 210,145. Boise is a general law city. Boise has a signature requirement for valid petitions of 20% of the registered voters from the last municipal general election. The Petition layout and form are determined partially by city and state code and partially by the city clerk. Once the clerk has approved the form of the petition, circulators have a 75 day time restriction for circulating the petition. If they are successful in gathering enough signatures the ordinance goes to legislature for approval, then to the ballot. Boise City Code Nampa Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 82,755. Nampa is a general law city. Nampa has laws very similar to Boise for its ordinance initiative and referendum. Its signature requirement for a valid petition is also 20% of the registered voters from the last municipal general election and the form, layout and information of the petition are also determined in part by code and in part by the city clerk. However, circulators have only a 60 day time restriction from after the form of the petition is approved. Nampa City Code Meridian Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 76,750. Meridian is a general law city. Meridian requires 20% of registered voters at the last general election in the city for a valid petition and, as in state law, the time restriction for the petition is either 18 months after receiving the ballot title, or until April 30 on the year of the next general election, whichever comes earlier. The petition layout and information on the petition is determined by code and once a petition is validated it must go to the ballot if not adopted by the city. Meridian City Code Idaho Falls Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 57,646. Idaho Falls is a general law city. Idaho Falls' city code has subject restrictions for initiative and referendum petitions on any measure pertaining to issuance of bonds, tax levies, fiscal appropriations, planning or zoning matters, matters involving administrative discretion or any other matter in conflict with the Constitution and laws of the State of Idaho. The code establishes that the initiative and referendum be limited to legislative matters and shall not be used to impair any vested contract or property right or deprive any person of due process of law. The signature requirement for Idaho Falls is 20% of voters at the last general election of the city. Idaho Falls also specifies that the circulator of any petition must be a qualified elector of the city. The layout and information of the petition is established partly by code and partly by the city clerk. Once a petition is certified as sufficient, the initiative or referendum goes to the ballot, unless passed without alteration within twenty days. Idaho Falls City Code Pocatello Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 54,810. Pocatello is a general law city. The signature requirement for a sufficient petition is 20% of voters who cast votes at last general election of the city. The circulator, who must be a resident of Idaho and at least 18 years of age, has 75 days after approval of the form of the petition for circulation. The initiative or referendum goes to the ballot, unless it is passed with no substantial difference within thirty days of certification of the sufficiency of the petition. Pocatello City Code Caldwell Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 46,905. Caldwell is a general law city. Caldwell requires 20% of voters who cast votes at the last general election of the city for a valid petition. It enforces a 75 day time restriction after the approval of the form of the petition and upon the certification of sufficiency the ordinance goes to the ballot unless it is passed without any substantial differences within 30 days. Caldwell City Code Coeur d'Alene Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 44,962. Coeur d'Alene is a general law city. Coeur d'Alene also has 20% signature requirement, but it is 20% of voters who actually cast votes at the last general election of the city. The circulator must be a resident of the city and at least 18 years of age. After the approval of the form of the petition, the layout and information of which is determined by code and by the city clerk, the circulator has a sixty day time restriction. The ordinance goes to the legislature for passage, then to the ballot if not passed in substantially the same form within thirty days. Coeur d'Alene City Code Twin Falls Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 44,564. Twin Falls is a general law city. The signature requirement for a petition in Twin Falls is 20% of voters registered to vote at the last general election of the city. Lewiston Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 32,119. Lewiston is a general law city. No process specific to Lewiston was found. Post Falls Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 28,104. Post Falls is a general law city. Post Falls gives circulators the time restriction of 60 days from approval of the form of the petition. The layout and information required on the petition is determined partly by code and partly by the city clerk. Once the petition is certified as sufficient, the ordinance goes to the ballot unless passed without any substantial differences within thirty days. Post Falls City Code

Illinois

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Illinois

Illinois law provides for an advisory (non-binding, no legal effect) initiative process on questions of public policy. A binding referendum is required on limited matters, such as tax levies and bonds (Chap 10 Election Code, Art. 28). Residents of home-rule counties and cities may change their form of government or revert to general law governance by initiative. While mostly formal, this process can have some effects on policy. For example, under the general law, city governments face greater restrictions on raising taxes. Thus, switching from home-rule to general law can help limit tax increases.

There is no broad ordinance initiative process in any of Illinois' cities.

Indiana

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Indiana

There are no local units of government in Indiana that make an initiative process available.

Iowa

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Iowa

Eight of the top 10 most populated cities in Iowa are general law cities and do not have initiative. Two, Cedar Rapids and Iowa City, are governed under a home rule charter. Initiative is available for charter amendments under state law. The Iowa City charter authorizes initiative for ordinances, Cedar Rapids does not.

Individual city provisions   Des Moines Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 206,599. Des Moines is a general law city, initiative is not available. Cedar Rapids Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 127,905. Cedar Rapids is a charter city, but has not authorized initiative for ordinances. Charter amendments may be proposed by petition under state law (see above for details). Davenport Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 100,802. Davenport is a general law city, initiative is not available. Sioux City Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 82,967. Sioux City is a general law city, initiative is not available. Iowa City Population as of the 2015 census update: 74,220. Iowa City is a charter city. The Iowa City charter authorizes initiative for ordinances. The signature requirement is equal to 25% of the number of persons who voted in the last regular city election, but such signatures shall be no fewer than 3,600. Any resident of the city who is qualified to become a registered voter can sign an initiative petition. Valid signers do not need to be registered to vote. Prior to circulation, one or more qualified electors files an affidavit with the city clerk with the content required in the Iowa City Charter, Article 7. Petition form and content requirements are in Iowa City Charter, Article 7. Petitions must be filed within 6 months of the initial affidavit. The council has 60 days to adopt or submit to voters " at the regular city election or at the general election which next occurs more than forty days after the expiration of the sixty-day period provided for consideration in section 7.05A, provided that the initiative petition was filed no less than 80 days prior to the deadline imposed by state law for the submission of ballot questions to the commissioner of elections." Restrictions: Initiative cannot be used for any measure of an executive or administrative nature, the city budget, appropriation of money, levy of taxes or special assessments, issuance of general obligation and revenue bonds, letting of contracts, salaries of city employees, the city zoning ordinance or land use maps of the comprehensive plan, any measure required to be enacted by state or federal law, or any amendments to this charter. (Iowa City Charter, Sec. 7.01) Initiative is also available for charter amendments under state law (see above for details). Iowa City Charter, Art. 7 Waterloo Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 68,653. Waterloo is a general law city, initiative is not available. Council Bluffs Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 62,466. Council Bluffs is a general law city, initiative is not available. Ames Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 59,042. Ames is a general law city, initiative is not available. Dubuque Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 58,234. Dubuque is a general law city, initiative is not available. West Des Moines Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 57,909. West Des Moines is a general law city, initiative is not available.

Kansas

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Kansas

The top 10 most populated cities are all subject to the state set initiative process.

Individual city provisions   Witchita Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 384,445 Witchita is a charter city and follows the state mandated initiative process of ordinances, which is found in the section above. Overland Park Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 176,185 Overland Park is a charter city and follows the state mandated initiative process of ordinances, which is found in the section above. Kansas City Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 146,453 Kansas City is a charter city and follows the state mandated initiative process of ordinances, which is found in the section above. Topeka Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 128,188 Topeka is a charter city and follows the state mandated initiative process of ordinances, which is found in the section above. Olathe Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 127,907 Olathe is a charter city and follows the state mandated initiative process of ordinances, which is found in the section above. Lawrence Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 88,727 Lawrence is a charter city and follows the state mandated initiative process of ordinances, which is found in the section above. Shawnee Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 63,219 Shawnee is a charter city and follows the state mandated initiative process of ordinances, which is found in the section above. Manhattan Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 53,678 Manhattan is a charter city and follows the state mandated initiative process of ordinances, which is found in the section above. Lanexa Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 48,972 Lanexa is a charter city and follows the state mandated initiative process of ordinances, which is found in the section above. Selina Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 47,910 Selina is a charter city and follows the state mandated initiative process of ordinances, which is found in the section above.

Kentucky

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Kentucky

Lexington is the only local government in Kentucky with an initiative process for local ballot measures.

Individual city provisions   Louisville Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 602,011. Louisville is a consolidated city-county government which operates under the general law and has no initiative process for local ballot measures. Lexington Population as of the July 2011 census update: 301,569. Lexington is an urban county government with charter. Although state law does not grant or authorize local adoption of initiative power to propose ordinances, the Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government Charter authorizes initiative for citizens to propose and vote on amendments to the charter. Petitions must be signed by 10% of the vote cast in the last preceding regular mayoral election of the Merged Government, and filed with the County Clerk not less than 90 days prior to the next regular general election. The proposed amendment will be placed on the ballot where a majority vote passes the measure. Bowling Green Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 58,894. Bowling Green is a general law city and has no initiative process for local ballot measures. Owensboro Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 57,605. Owensboro is general law city and has no initiative process for local ballot measures. Covington Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 40,811. Covington is a general law city and has no initiative process for local ballot measures. Richmond Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 31,809. Richmond is a general law city and has no initiative process for local ballot measures. Hopkinsville Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 31,419. Hopkinsville is a general law city and has no initiative process for local ballot measures. Florence Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 30,687. Florence is a general law city and has no initiative process for local ballot measures. Georgetown Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 29,690. Georgetown is a general law city and has no initiative process for local ballot measures. Elizabethtown Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 29,044. Elizabethtown is a general law city and has no initiative process for local ballot measures.

Louisiana

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Louisiana

Below are the individual city processes for initiative and referendum.

Individual city provisions   New Orleans Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 360,740 Consolidated City-Parish with Charter No ordinance initiative or referendum process was found in the New Orleans City charter or code. Charter amendments may be initiated by petition signed by 10% of registered voters or 10,000, whichever is fewer (New Orleans Charter, Sec. 9-201 to 203). New Orleans Charter Baton Rouge Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 230,139 Consolidated City-Parish with Charter No ordinance initiative or referendum process was found in the Baton Rouge City charter or code. Charter amendments may be initiated by petition signed by 10% of the number of votes cast for Sheriff at the last preceding election of Parish officers (Baton Rouge Charter, Sec. 11.09). Baton Rouge Charter Shreveport Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 200,975 Charter city Petitions for ordinance initiative and referendum require signatures from 10% of the qualified electors and the circulator has the time restraint of 180 days to gather signatures. Notice of intent must be given to the clerk of the council before circulation can commence. Once a petition is successful, the council has 30 days to pass the ordinance. If they do not, they have between 30 and 40 days after that to schedule a special election. Once adopted, the ordinance can never be repealed or amended without a vote of the people. (Section 6.01 of City Charter) Shreveport Charter Lafayette Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 122,130 Consolidated City-Parish with Charter Lafayette has an initiative and referendum process, but initiative and referendum for ordinance cannot be used for appropriations, changing of public employee salaries, or to repeal or reduce any taxes levied for retirement of bonds or any other outstanding indebtedness. A successful petition requires the signatures of 15% of the registered voters of the City-Parish Government. The full text of the proposed ordinance must be submitted to the council before circulation. The council will issue the appropriate petition form. Completed petitions must be filed with the council within 60 days of issuance. The council has 30 days to determine the sufficiency of the signatures. If the petition is returned because it is insufficient, 30 days is allowed for the supplementation of the petition. If the petition is sufficient and valid the council has 30 days to hold a public hearing, after which it may pass the ordinance on its own or submit to a regular or special election within 90 days. An ordinance that is the product of a petition cannot be changed or revoked or in other ways tampered with by the council for at least one year. (Section 6.01 of City Charter) Lafayette Charter Lake Charles Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 72,475 Charter city No initiative or referendum process was found in the Lake Charles City charter or code. Kenner Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 66,715 Charter city No ordinance initiative or referendum process was found in the Kenner City charter or code. Initiative is available for charter amendments under state law as detailed above. Bossier Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 62,745 Charter city In Bossier City, a successful petition for ordinance initiative and referendum requires signatures equaling 33% of the voters in the last contested mayoral election. Once a petition is certified, the Council has 30 days to pass the ordinance or 90 days to schedule a special election. Once adopted, an ordinance resulting from a petition can never be repealed or amended without a vote of the people. (Section 5.01 of City Charter) Bossier Charter Monroe Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 49,183 Charter city Monroe has initiative and referendum powers to enact ordinances in its charter. The petition cannot concern appropriations, salaries or the reduction or repeal of taxes. Signatures from 25% of the registered voters are required for a valid petition. The full text of the proposed ordinance must be submitted to the council before circulation. The council will issue the appropriate petition form. Completed petitions must be filed with the council within 60 days of issuance. The council has 30 days to determine the sufficiency of the signatures. If the petition is returned because it is insufficient, 30 days is allowed for the supplementation of the petition. If the petition is valid and sufficient, the Council has 30 days to hold a public hearing, after which it may pass the ordinance on its own or put the ordinance on the ballot at the next regular or previously scheduled election. (Section 6.01 of City Charter) Monroe Charter Alexandria Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 48,164 Charter city Alexandria has initiative and referendum powers to enact ordinances in its charter. The petition cannot concern appropriations, salary-fixing, or reducing or repealing taxes. The signature requirement for a valid petition is 10% of the registered voters. The full text of the proposed ordinance must be submitted to the council before circulation. The council will issue the appropriate petition form. Completed petitions must be filed with the council within 60 days of issuance. The council has 30 days to determine the sufficiency of the signatures. If the petition is returned because it is insufficient, 30 days is allowed for the supplementation of the petition. If the petition is sufficient and valid the council has 30 days to hold a public hearing, after which it may pass the ordinance on its own or submit to a regular or special election within 90 days. The council cannot tamper with an ordinance resulting from a petition for at least one year. (Section 6.01 of City Charter) Alexandria Charter Houma Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 33,745 Consolidated City-Parish with Charter Houma's city government powers have been absorbed by Terrebonne Parish. It operates under the Terrebonne Parish Consolidated Government charter, which authorizes initiative for ordinances. The petition cannot concern appropriations, salary-fixing, or reducing or repealing taxes. The signature requirement for a valid petition is 15% of the total registered voters of the parish. The full text of the proposed ordinance must be submitted to the council before circulation. The council will issue the appropriate petition form. Completed petitions must be filed with the council within 90 days of issuance. The council has 30 days to determine the sufficiency of the signatures. If the petition is returned because it is insufficient, 30 days is allowed for the supplementation of the petition. If the petition is sufficient and valid the council has 30 days to hold a public hearing, after which it may pass the ordinance on its own or submit to an election within 90 days (Terrebonne Parish Consolidated Govt. Charter, Sec. 6.01) Terrebonne Parish Consolidated Govt. Charter

Maine

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Maine

The top 10 most populated cities in Maine are all governed under a home rule charter. Initiative is available for charter amendments as detailed above. In addition, all 10 grant initiative for ordinances. The provisions below come from the specific city charter or code.

Individual city provisions   Portland: Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 66,363 Charter city The signature requirement is 1,500 voters. To commence an initiative, any 10 registered voters of the city may file with the city clerk an affidavit stating they will constitute the petitioners' committee and are the designated circulators, with other content required in Portland Code, Sec. 9-36. The clerk issues the blank petitions, with form requirements in Portland Code, Sec. 9-37. Completed petitions, assembled as one instrument, must be filed within 80 days of issuance. After certification, the council may adopt the proposed ordinance or submit it at the next regular federal, state, or municipal election which is not less than 90 calendar days after such a council meeting, or call a special election. Restrictions: Neither the initiative article nor ordinances dealing with appropriations, tax levy, or with wages or hours of city employees shall be subject to the initiative. Portland Code, Chap. 9, Art. III Lewiston: Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 36,491 Charter city The signature requirement is 7% of the number of votes cast in the City of Lewiston at the last gubernatorial election. Any 10 qualified voters of the city may originate a petition putting in operation the initiative by signing a petition application at the office of the city clerk. The clerk then issues blank petitions, in compliance with the form requirements in Lewiston Code, Sec. 32-28. Completed petitions must be filed within 60 days of issuance. After certification, the council may adopt the proposed ordinance or shall submit to the voters of the city at the next available, scheduled election, or earlier authorized special election. Restrictions: No ordinance, order or resolve dealing with terms and conditions of employment for city employees shall be subject to the initiative provisions contained in this article. Lewiston Code, Chap. 32, Art. II Bangor: Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 33,011 Charter city The signature requirement is 20% of the number of votes cast in the City of Bangor at the last gubernatorial election. To commence an initiative, any 10 registered voters of the city may file with the city clerk an affidavit stating they will constitute the petitioners' committee along with the other required content in the Bangor Code, Sec. 18-2. After a legal review of the proposal, the clerk issues blank petitions to the committee and any other circulators, in compliance with the form requirements in the Bangor Code, Sec. 18-3. Petitions must be filed within 30 days of issuance. After certification, the council may adopt the proposed ordinance or shall submit it at a regular or special election not less than 60 days after a required public hearing. Restrictions: The right of initiative provided herein shall not apply to ordinances, orders or resolves providing for the appropriation of money, the municipal budget, the levy of taxes or the wages or hours of city employees. Bangor Code, Chap. 18 South Portland: Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 25,068 Charter city The signature requirement is 5% of the qualified electors of the City of South Portland. Petition form requirements are in the South Portland Charter, Sec. 1103 and 1104. There is no pre-approval process required or time limit established in the city charter. Completed petitions shall be assembled and filed with the city clerk as one instrument. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt or shall submit it to the electors not less than 30 days nor more than 15 months from the date the council takes its final vote thereon. The city council may, in its discretion, and if no regular election is to be held within such period shall, provide for a special election. Restrictions: Initiative may not be used for an ordinance appropriating money or authorizing the levy of taxes. South Portland Charter, Art. XI (dead link)' Auburn: Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 22,985 Charter city The signature requirement is 10% of the number of registered voters as of the date on which the petitioners' committee filed its affidavit. To commence an initiative, any 5 registered voters of the city may file with the city clerk an affidavit stating they will constitute the petitioners' committee and be responsible for circulation, with other content required in the Auburn Charter, Sec. 9-2. The clerk then issues blank petitions, in compliance with the form requirements in the Auburn Charter, Sec. 9-3. Completed petitions must be assembled as one instrument and filed with the clerk within 90 days of issuance. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt or shall submit at a regular or special election to be held not less than 120 days and not later than 6 months from the date of the final city council vote thereon. Restrictions: Initiative shall not extend to the budget or capital program or any ordinance, order, or resolve relating to appropriation of money, levy of taxes, or salaries of city officers or employees Auburn Charter, Art. IX Biddeford: Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 21,386 Charter city "All issues decided by referendum shall be binding on the City Council and not merely advisory. All referendum questions are to be decided at a general election or special election called for the purpose of voting on the referendum. All referendum questions shall be limited to one part questions and be stated in the affirmative." "(b) Citizen initiated referendum. (1) Groups, organizations or individuals circulating petitions must clearly indicate at the top of each and every petition sheet who the group, persons or entity is and the purpose of the petition. (2) Fifteen percent of registered voters in the City of Biddeford at the time of filing of the petition must sign a petition to bring matters to a referendum. (3) A copy of the petition must be registered with the City Clerk at the commencement of the petition drive. The petitioners will have 30 calendar days from the date of filing to gather signatures. The petitions must be submitted to the City Clerk by the 30th day. (4) All referendum questions are to be decided by a majority vote at a general election or special election called for the purpose of voting on the referendum." Biddeford Charter, Art. XII, Sec. 7 Augusta: Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 19,103 Charter city The signature requirement is 20% of the total votes cast for governor by the voters of the city at the last state gubernatorial election. Any 10 qualified voters of the city may originate an application for initiative by signing such application at the office and in the presence of the city clerk. After a legal review of the proposal, the clerk issues blank petitions. Completed petitions must be filed with the clerk within 75 days of issuance. After certification, the council may adopt the proposed ordinance or shall submit it to the voters of the city at the next regular or special municipal election. Restrictions: No initiative or referendum dealing with appropriations, tax levy or terms and conditions of employment for city employees shall be allowed pursuant to the initiative and referendum provisions contained in this article. The initiative process may not be used when it has the affect of repealing a Council Order authorizing a contract or impairs the City's obligation of contract. Augusta Charter, Art. V-A Saco: Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 18,581 Charter city The signature requirement is 10% of the total number of votes cast at the last regular City election. Any 5 qualified voters may commence initiative proceedings by filing with the city clerk an affidavit stating that they will constitute the petitioners' committee and be responsible for circulating the petition, with other required content in the Saco Code, Sec. 11-2. The clerk then issues blank petitions, with content requirements in the Saco Code, Sec. 11-3. Completed petitions must be assembled as one instrument and filed with the city clerk. The city code does not establish a time limit for circulation of initiative petitions. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt the proposed ordinance or shall submit it at a regular or special election to be held not less than 30 days and not later than one year from the date of the final Council vote thereon. Restrictions: Initiative shall not extend to the budget or any ordinance relating to appropriation of money, levy of taxes or salaries of City officers or employees. Saco Code, Chap. 11 Westbrook: Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 17,540 Charter city The signature requirement is 10% of the number of registered voters as of the date of the last preceding regular municipal election. Any 5 or more qualified voters of the city may originate a petition for an initiative election by signing such a petition at the office of the city clerk. The originators of said petition shall be known as the petitioner's committee and qualified as the circulators thereof. The clerk then prepares the blank petitions, in compliance with the form requirements found in the Westbrook Code, Sec. 8-4. The clerk keeps an original on file for signatures during business hours and copies may be circulated and filed with the clerk. Signature gathering is limited to 30 days. After certification, the council may adopt the proposed ordinance or shall submit it to the voters of the city at a special election to be held not less than 30 nor more than 60 days after said council meeting; provided that, if the date set for said special election shall fall within 4 months of the next regular state or municipal election, no such special election shall be called and the question shall be submitted at said regular election. A simple majority vote passes the ordinance, provided the total number of votes cast for and against the questions equals or exceeds thirty 30% of the total votes cast in the city at the last prior gubernatorial election. Restrictions: Initiative provisions shall not apply to any administrative matters directly relating to the fiscal affairs of the city or tax levy of the city or any ordinance relative to such matters. Westbrook Code, Chap. 8 (dead link)' Waterville: Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 15,697 Charter city The signature requirement is 15% of the registered voters at the last regular municipal election. To commence an initiative, any voter or voters of the city may make and file with the city clerk an affidavit containing their name or names, address(es) and the address to which all notices are to be sent, with other required content in Waterville Charter, Art. XI, Sec. 4. The clerk then issues blank petitions, in compliance with the form and content requirements in Sec. 5 and 6. Completed petitions must be assembled and filed as one instrument and filed with the clerk within 45 days of filing the initial affidavit. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt the proposed ordinance or shall submit it at a regular or special election not less than 30 days nor more than one year from the date the city council takes its final vote thereon. Waterville Charter, Art. XI (dead link)'

Maryland

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Maryland

The top 10 most populated cities are subject to the state-set initiative process for charter amendments detailed above.

Individual city provisions   Baltimore Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 619,493 Baltimore is a charter city and follows the state process laid out above. Frederick Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 66,169 Frederick is a charter city and follows the state process laid out above. Rockville Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 62,334 Rockville is a charter city and follows the state process laid out above. Gaithersburg Populationv as of the July, 2011 census update: 61,045 Gaithersburg is a charter city and follows the state process laid out above. Bowie Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 55,232 Bowie is a charter city and follows the state process laid out above. Hagerstown Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 39,890 Hagerstown is a charter city and follows the state process laid out above. Annapolis Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 38,880 Annapolis is a charter city and follows the state process laid out above. College Park Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 30,587 College Park is a charter city and follows the state process laid out above. Salisbury Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 30,484 Salisbury is a charter city and follows the state process laid out above. Laurel Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 25,346 Laurel is a charter city and follows the state process laid out above.

Massachusetts

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Massachusetts

Initiative is available in 9 out of the top 10 most populated cities in Massachusetts. For home rule charter cities initiative is also available for charter amendments.

Individual city provisions   Boston Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 625,087 Boston has no initiative process. Worcester Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 181,631 Worcester is a charter city and has essentially the same initiative process for ordinances as that prescribed by the state with some minor changes. The subject matter of petitions is restricted from:(1)proceedings relating to the internal organization or operation of the city council or the school committee; (2)an emergency measure adopted in conformity with the charter; (3)the city budget or the school committee budget as a whole;(4) revenue loan orders; (5)any appropriation for the payment of the city's debt or debt service; (6)an appropriation of funds to implement a collective bargaining agreement; (7)proceedings relative to the election, appointment, removal, discharge, employment, promotion, transfer, demotion, or other personnel action; (8)any proceedings repealing or rescinding a measure or part thereof which is protested by referendum. Signatures are required from between 8%-15% of the total number of voters for initiative petitions. There were no circulation time restraints mentioned. There were no circulator requirements mentioned. The petitioners determine the format of the petition in accordance with the basic requirements found in the code. There was no pre-circulation approval process mentioned. After the petition has been approved, it goes to the legislature for passage and if it isn't passed but was signed by at least 15% then there is a special election. If there are signatures from at least 8% but less than 15% then the election is postponed until the next general election. For the measure to pass, 1/3 of the total number of voters and a simple majority of those who voted must approve the proposed ordinance. Springfield Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 153,155 Springfield is a general law city and has the state mandated initiative process for cities with government plan A, which can be found in the state law section above. Lowell Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 107,584 Lowell is a general law city and has the state mandated initiative process for cities with government plan E, which can be found in the state law section above. Cambridge Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 106,038 Cambridge is a general law city and has the state mandated initiative process for cities with government plan E, which can be found in the state law section above. New Bedford Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 95,183 New Bedford is a general law city and has the state mandated initiative process for cities with government plan B, which can be found in the state law section above. Brockton Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 94,316 Brockton is a general law city and has the state mandated initiative process for cities with government plan B, which can be found in the ctate law section above. Quincy Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 92,909 Quincy is a charter city and has an initiative process for ordinances similar to the state prescribed process. Referendums cannot be circulated regarding revenue loan orders. Signatures are required from between 8%-20% of the total number of voters for initiative petitions. There were no circulation time restraints mentioned. There were no circulator requirements mentioned. The petitioners determine the format of the petition in accordance with the basic requirements found in the city code. There is no pre-circulation approval process mentioned. If any initiative petition is signed by 20% of registered voters the city council shall either: 1. Pass said measure, or 2. shall call a special election to be held on a Tuesday fixed by it not less than thirty nor more than forty-five days after the date of the certificate; provided, that if any city election is otherwise to occur within ninety days after the date of said certificate, the city council may, at its discretion, omit calling the special election and submit the proposed measure to the voters at such approaching election. If the petition is signed by registered voters equal in number to at least 8% but less than 20% of the total number of registered voters, and it's not passed within 20 days by the city council or the school committee, it shall be submitted by the city council to a vote of the registered voters of the city at the next regular municipal election. For the measure to pass, 1/3 of the total number of voters and a simple majority of those who voted must approve the proposed ordinance. Lynn Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 91,040 Lynn is a charter city and has an initiative process for ordinances similar to the state prescribed process. The subject matter of the petitions is restricted from:(1)proceedings relating to the internal organization or operation of the city council or the school committee, (2) an emergency measure adopted in conformity with the charter, (3) the city budget or the school committee budget as a whole, (4) revenue loan orders, (5) any appropriation for the payment of the city’s debts and obligations, (6) appropriations of funds necessary to implement a written agreement executed under collective bargaining, (7) proceedings, or parts thereof, relating to the election, appointment, employment, suspension, transfer, demotion, removal or discharge of any officer or employee, (8) any proceedings repealing or rescinding a measure or part thereof, which is protested by referendum procedure, and (9) any procedure providing for the submission or referral of matter to the voters at an election. Signatures are required from 10% of the total number of voters for initiative petitions. There were no circulation time restraints mentioned. There were no circulator requirements mentioned. The petitioners determine the format of the petition in accordance with the basic requirements found in the code. There was no pre-circulation approval process mentioned. See section 7:10 e of the city charter for the petition approval and election scheduling process. Fall River Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 88,962 Fall River is a general law city and has the state mandated initiative process for cities with government plan A, which can be found in the state law section above.

Michigan

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Michigan

The top 10 most populated cities in Michigan are governed under a home rule charter, as are all cities. Initiative is available for charter amendments as detailed above. In addition, the 10 cities below have all authorized initiative for ordinances. The provisions below come from the specific city charter or code. Click on the citation links to read the full requirements for the initiative process.

Individual city provisions   Detroit Charter city Population as of the July 2011 census update: 706,585 The signature requirement is 3% of all votes cast for the office of Mayor at the preceding regular city general election. Petition content requirements can be found in the Detroit Charter, Sec. 12-102. Petitions must be filed with the city clerk not less than 140 days before the election at which it is to be voted on. Any signature obtained more than 6 months before the filing of the petition with the city clerk shall not be counted. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt the measure or they shall submit it at the next election in the city, or, at the discretion of the city council, at a special election, subject to applicable provisions of the Michigan Election Law, MCL 168.1, et seq. Restrictions: Initiative does not extend to the budget or any ordinance for the appropriation of money. Detroit Charter, Art. 12 Grand Rapids Charter city Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 189,815 The signature requirement is 12% of the registered voters of the city. Petition content requirements can be found in the Grand Rapids Charter, Title IV, Sec. 1,2. After certification, the city commission has 20 days to adopt the measure or they shall submit it at a special election, unless a general or special election is to be held within 6 months thereafter. Grand Rapids Charter, Title IV Warren Charter city Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 134,243 The signature requirement is 15% of the registered electors of the city. Petition content requirements can be found in the Warren Charter, Sec. 6.9. Before being circulated for signatures, such petitions may be approved as to form by the city attorney. Any signatures obtained more than 90 days before the filing of such a petition with the clerk shall not be counted. After certification, the council has 30 days to adopt the measure or they shall submit it at the next election held in the city for any purpose, or, at the discretion of the council, at a special election. Warren Charter, Chap. 6 Sterling Heights Charter city Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 129,880 The signature requirement is 15% of all votes cast for governor of the State of Michigan at the last fall election held in the state, but in no case less than 1500. Petition content requirements can be found in the Sterling Heights Charter, Sec. 6.09. Completed petitions should be filed with the clerk at the same time. After certification, the council has 4 weeks to adopt or they shall submit it at the next election occurring more than 30 days thereafter, but no special election shall ever be called by the council for the purpose of referendum only. Sterling Heights Charter, Chap. 6 Ann Arbor Charter city Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 114,925 The signature requirement is 20% of all the votes cast for the office of Mayor at the most recent mayoral election. Petition content requirements can be found in the Ann Arbor Charter, Sec. 7.10. Signatures dated more than one year prior to the filing of the petition shall not be counted. After certification, the question of approval of the ordinance shall be submitted to the voters in the next city election which is at least 90 days after the filing of the petition. Ann Arbor Charter, Sec. 7.10 Lansing Charter city Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 114,605 The signature requirement is 5% of registered electors of the city. Petition content requirements can be found in the Lansing Charter, Sec. 2-403. Before being circulated for signatures, such petitions may be approved as to form by the city attorney. Any signatures obtained more than 90 days before the filing of such a petition with the clerk shall not be counted. After certification, the council has 30 days to adopt the measure or they shall submit it at the next regular election, or at a special election held prior to the next regular election. Lansing Charter, Art. 2, Chap. 4 Flint Charter city Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 101,558 The signature requirement is 15% of the total number of votes cast for Mayor at the last regular mayoral election. Petition content requirements can be found in the Flint Charter, Sec. 2-402. Petitions must be filed not less than 90 days before the election at which it is to be vote on. Any signatures obtained more than 90 days before the filing of such petition with the clerk shall not be counted. After certification, the council has 30 days to adopt the measure or they shall submit it at the next election, or at a special election held prior to the next election. Restrictions: Initiative does not extend to the budget or any ordinance for the appropriation of money. Flint Charter, Sec. 2-401 to 409 Dearborn Charter city Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 97,144 The signature requirement is 5% of the registered electors of the city. After certification, the council has three successive regular meetings to adopt the measure or they shall submit it at the next election in the city. No separate election shall be held for the purpose of initiative except as provided by law. Restrictions: Initiative is not available for appropriations. Dearborn Charter, Chap. 9 Livonia Charter city Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 95,958 The signature requirement is 25% of the number of electors that voted at the last general city election. Before being circulated for signatures, petitions shall be approved as to form by the city attorney. Completed petitions are filed with the city clerk. After certification, the council has 30 days to adopt the measure or they shall submit it at the next election held in the city for any other purpose or, at the discretion of the council, at a special election. Livonia Charter, Chap. 4, Sec. 29 Westland Charter city Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 83,239 The signature requirement is 15% of all votes cast for Mayor at the last preceding election at which a Mayor of the city was elected; but in no case less than 1,500. Petition content requirements can be found in the Westland Charter, Sec. 7.7. Completed petitions should be filed with the city clerk at the same time. After certification, the council has 4 weeks to adopt the measure or they shall submit it at the next election occurring more than 30 days thereafter, at which questions of propositions submitted by the Council may be voted upon by the electors; but no special election shall ever be called by the Council for the purpose of referendum only. Westland Charter, Chap. 7

Minnesota

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Minnesota

Eight of the top 10 most populated cities in Minnesota are governed under a home rule charter. Initiative is available for charter amendments. In addition, six of those charters have enacted initiative for ordinances. The provisions below come from the specific city charter or code. Click on the citation links to read the full requirements for the initiative process. Sample petitions may be available from local election officials.

Individual city provisions

Minneapolis Population as of the July 2011 census update: 387,753 Neither the Minneapolis charter nor city code contain provisions for initiative petitions to enact ordinances. Charter amendments may be proposed by petition under state law, as detailed above. St. Paul Population as of the July, 2011 census updates: 288,448 Charter city The signature requirement is 8% of those who voted for the office of mayor in the last preceding city election. Petition form requirements can be found in the St. Paul Charter, Section 8.02.1-.4. Petitions are filed with the city clerk. After certification, the council has 60 days to pass the measure without alteration or it shall be placed on the ballot at the next general election in the city which occurs on or after the 120th day from the filing of the petition with the city clerk. St. Paul Charter, Chap. 8 Rochester Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 107,890 Charter city Neither the Rochester charter nor city code contain provisions for initiative petitions to enact ordinances. Charter amendments may be proposed by petition under state law, as detailed above. Duluth Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 86,277 Charter city The signature requirement is 10% of the total ballots cast at the last preceding general municipal election at which members of the council were elected. If petitioners seek a special election, 20% of the ballots cast at the last general municipal election is required. Some petition form requirements can be found in the Duluth Charter, Section 50,51. Petitions are filed with the city clerk. After certification, the council has 20 days to adopt the ordinance or submit it at the next general election occurring after 25 days from certification. If signatures equal 20%, the council may adopt the measure, but must otherwise call a special election, to be held not less than 40, nor more than 50 days after such a call. Duluth Charter, Section 51 Bloomington Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 84,057 Charter city The signature requirement is 10% of the total number of votes cast at the last preceding regular municipal election. Signatures from 15% can force a special election. 5 registered voters, as the petition committee, must file the proposed ordinance with the city attorney and clerk for form approval prior to circulating. The charter specifies that circulators may not be paid. After certification, the council has 65 days to pass, or shall submit at the next regular municipal election. If signatures equal 15%, a special election shall be held in not less than 30 nor more than 45 days (unless there is regular election within 3 months, then they can use it). Restrictions: The charter specifies that initiative is not available for an ordinance appropriating money or authorizing the levy of taxes Bloomington City Charter, Chap. 5 Brooklyn Park Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 76,853 Charter city The signature requirement is 15% of the total number of votes cast in the City of Brooklyn Park at the last Gubernatorial election. 5 registered voters, as the sponsoring committee, must file the proposed ordinance with the city clerk prior to circulating. Petition form and attachment requirements can be found in the Brooklyn Park Charter, Section 6.03 and 6.04. The charter specifies that circulators may not be paid. After certification, the council has 60 days to pass the measure or a special election shall be held not less than 30 nor more than 45 days from the date of final action on the ordinance by the Council. However, if a regular election is to occur within 3 months after the date upon which it was submitted to the Council by the City Clerk, the Council shall submit the ordinance at that election. Restrictions: The charter specifies that initiative is not available for an ordinance relating to the budget or capital programs, the appropriation of money, the levy of taxes, the issuance of bonds, the salaries of city officials or employees, or the zoning of land. Brooklyn Park Charter, Chap. 6 Plymouth Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 71,561 Charter city The signature requirement is 15% of the number of persons registered to vote at the last regular city election. 5 registered voters of the city may begin initiative proceedings by filing with the city clerk an affidavit with the content required in the city charter. The clerk then issues blank petitions. A signature is not valid if the signature was executed or certified more than 6 months after the date of the filing of the committee's affidavit. After certification, the council has 40 days to pass or shall submit the measure at the next city-wide regular or special election held in not less than 90 days nor more than one year. The petitioners committee must file a contributions report at least 60 days after the election. Restrictions: The charter specifies that initiative does not extend to (i) the budget or capital program, (ii) the appropriation of money or the levy of taxes, (iii) zoning or (iv) the salaries of city officers or employees. Plymouth Charter, Chap. 5 St. Cloud Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 66,169 Charter city The signature requirement is 5% of registered voters at the time of the state or city general election immediately prior to the filing of said petition. Signatures from 15% are required if the petitioners are seeking a special election. Prior to circulation, 5 registered voters must file a copy of their proposed measure in the office of the city clerk. After circulation and certification, the council has 30 days to pass the measure or they shall submit it at the next state or city general election. If signatures equal 15%, a special election may be called. Petitioners must file an expenditure report at least by 10 days after filing the petition. St. Cloud Charter, Art. 5 Eagan Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 64,765 Eagan is a general law city (i.e. not operating under a home rule charter). In Minnesota, citizens in general law cities do not have broad initiative power to propose ordinances. There are specific state statutes that grant a petition process for a limited subject matter (such as liquor licenses, tax levies/bond issues, and establishing a library service). Woodbury Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 62,787 Woodbury is a general law city (i.e. not operating under a home rule charter). In Minnesota, citizens in general law cities do not have broad initiative power to propose ordinances. There are specific state statutes that grant a petition process for a limited subject matter (such as liquor licenses, tax levies/bond issues, and establishing a library service).

Mississippi

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Mississippi

No additional individual city provisions for initiative or referendum were found in the top 10 most populous cities beyond the charter amendment process given by state law.

Missouri

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Missouri

Eight of the top 10 most populated cities in Missouri are governed under a home rule charter. Initiative is available for charter amendments. Those eight have all also authorized initiative for ordinances. The provisions below come from the specific city charter or code. Click on the citation links to read the full requirements for the initiative process. Sample petitions may be available from local election officials.

Individual city provisions   Kansas City Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 463,202 Charter city The signature requirement is 5% of the total vote cast for candidates for the office of Mayor at the last preceding regular municipal election. Petition form requirements can be found in the Kansas City Charter, Section 701, 730, and 731. Petitions are filed with the city clerk. After certification, the council has 60 days to pass the measure. If the committee of petitioners requires the submission of the proposed ordinance to the electors, they shall so certify to the city clerk within 10 days after the final action by the council or expiration of the 60 day period. Then the council shall submit the measure at the next available municipal or state election held not less than 30 days after such certification. Kansas City Charter, Art. VII St. Louis Population according to the July 2011 census update: 318,069 Charter city The signature requirement is 5% of all the registered voters of the city at the time of the last preceding regular mayoral election. Each of the papers comprising the petition shall contain the proposed ordinance in full and designate by names and addresses five persons as the committee of the petitioners. Additional form requirements can be found in the St. Louis Charter, Article V, Sections 2 and 3. Petitions are filed with the board of election commissioners. After certification, the board of aldermen has 60 days to pass the measure or they shall submit it at an election in not less than 30 days. St. Louis Charter, Art. V Springfield Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 160,660 Charter city The signature requirement is 10% of the total number of persons voting at the last general municipal election in April. Petition form requirements can be found in the Springfield Charter, Section 14.3. Petitions are filed with the city clerk. After certification, the council has 30 days to pass the measure or they shall submit it at a special election on the next date authorized by law for such an election. However, if there shall be a general election within 90 days after the council takes final action, then the city council shall not be required to call an election with less than 30 days' notice after final action. Restrictions: The charter specifies that initiative may not be used for an ordinance appropriating money. Springfield Charter, Art. XIV Independence Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 117,213 Charter city The signature requirement is 5% of the total number of qualified voters registered at the time of the last general city election. Some petition form requirements can be found in the Independence Charter, Section 7.3. A copy of an initiative petition shall be filed with the city clerk before copies are circulated for signatures and the clerk shall promptly certify whether the petition is in the proper form. Only registered qualified voters of the city may circulate copies of petitions. Petitions must be filed with signatures within 30 days of the initial certification. If sufficient, the council has 30 days to pass the measure or they shall submit it at an election which shall be held not less than 30 days and not more than 90 days after receiving such notification from the city clerk. Restrictions: The charter specifies that initiative may not be used for an ordinance appropriating money or levying taxes, an ordinance regulating compensation or days and hours of work of city personnel, and an ordinance granting, extending, renewing, or amending a franchise for a public utility. Independence Charter, Art. 7 Columbia Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 110,438 Charter city The signature requirement is 20% of the number of votes cast for council member-at-large at the last regular municipal election, provided, that there be not less than 400 signatures. Petition form requirements can be found in the Columbia Charter, Section 129. After certification, the council has 30 days to pass the measure or they shall submit it at the next election provided for by state law which is consistent with applicable notice provisions and available for municipal elections purposes. Restrictions: The charter specifies that initiative is not available for an ordinance appropriating money or authorizing the levy of taxes. Columbia City Charter, Art. XVII Lee's Summit Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 91,668 Charter city The signature requirement is 7% of the total number of qualified voters registered to vote at the last regular municipal election. 5 qualified voters may commence initiative proceedings by filing with the city clerk a notarized affidavit with the required content stating they will constitute the petitioners' committee. The clerk then issues blank petitions which must be completed and filed within 90 days of issuance. After certification, the council has 60 days to pass the measure or they shall submit it to an election not less than 90 days from the date the petition was finally determined sufficient and not later than the next available regular or special election date as established by the Missouri election calendar in accordance with state law, for which timely notice may be given. Restrictions: The charter specifies that initiative must be single subject and shall not extend to the budget or capital program, any ordinance relating to the levy of taxes, zoning or salaries of city employees, or any ordinance relating to any appropriation of money unless such ordinance provides for additional revenues therefor. The term "city employees" in this section shall not include elected officials. Lee's Summit Charter, Art. X St. Joseph Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 77,185 Charter city The signature requirement is 5% of the total number of qualified voters registered to vote at the last regular city election. Any 25 qualified voters may commence initiative proceedings by filing with the city clerk an affidavit with the required content stating they will constitute the Petitioners' Committee. The clerk then issues blank petitions. After certification, the council has 60 days to pass the measure or they shall submit it at a general or special election not less than 30 days, and not later than 180 days. Restrictions: The charter specifies that initiative petitions must address a single subject and shall not extend to the budget or capital program or any ordinance relating to appropriation of money, levy of taxes, zoning, or salaries of City officers or employees. St. Joseph Charter, Art. XI St. Charles Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 66,598 Charter city The signature requirement is 10% of the total number of qualified registered voters registered to vote at the last regular city election (St. Charles Charter, Sec. 10.3). 5 qualified voters may commence initiative proceedings by filing with the city clerk a notarized affidavit with the required content stating they will constitute the petitioners' committee. The clerk then issues blank petitions. After certification, the council has 60 days to pass the measure or they shall submit it at a general or special election held not later than one year from the date of the final determination as to the sufficiency of the petitions. Restrictions: The charter specifies that initiative petitions must address a single subject and shall not extend to the budget or capital program or any ordinance relating to appropriation of money, levy of taxes, zoning or salaries of city officers or employees. St. Charles Charter, Art. X O'Fallon Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 80,519 O'Fallon operates under a mayor-council-administrator form of government, which does not have initiative authority under state statutes. St. Peters Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 53,264 St. Peter's operates under a mayor-council-administrator form of government, which does not have initiative authority under state statutes.

Montana

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Montana

In Montana, all local governments must follow the initiative requirements.

Individual city provisions   Billings Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 105,636. Billings is a home rule charter city and has the state mandated initiative process for ordinances and charter amendments as provided above. Missoula Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 67,290 Missoula is a home rule charter city and has the state mandated initiative process for ordinances and charter amendments as provided above. Great Falls Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 58,950 Great Falls is a home rule charter city and has the state mandated initiative process for ordinances and charter amendments as provided above. Bozeman Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 38,025 Bozeman is a home rule charter city and has the state mandated initiative process for ordinances and charter amendments as provided above. Butte Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 33,704 Butte is a general law city and has the state mandated initiative process for ordinances as provided above. Helena Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 28,592 Helena is a home rule charter city and has the state mandated initiative process for ordinances and charter amendments as provided above. Kalispell Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 20,008 Kalispell is a general law city and has the state mandated initiative process for ordinances as provided above. Havre Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 9,600 Havre is a general law city and has the state mandated initiative process for ordinances as provided above. Anaconda Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 9,299 Anaconda is a general law city and has the state mandated initiative process for ordinances as provided above. Miles City Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 8,438 Miles City is a general law city and has the state mandated initiative process for ordinances as provided above.

Nebraska

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Nebraska

Omaha and Lincoln operate under a home rule charter, and thus may set their own requirements for initiative. The other eight cities are general law cities.

Individual city provisions   Omaha Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 415,068. Home rule charter city. The signature requirement is 15% of the vote for the office of Mayor cast at the last preceding general city election. Petitions must be in the form prescribed by the clerk, with the required content provided in the Omaha Charter, Section 2.18. Proposed measures must address only a single subject. After certification, the council has 30 days to pass the measure or they shall submit it at the next regular election held within the city. Omaha Charter, Sec. 2.18 Lincoln Population as of the July 2011 census update: 262,341. Home rule charter city. The signature requirement is 5% of the number of registered voters of the city at the last general city election and 15% if the petitioners are seeking a special election. Prior to affixing any signature to the petition, a copy of the petition to be used shall be filed with the city clerk, together with a sworn statement containing the name or names of every person, corporation or association sponsoring the petition, or contributing or pledging contribution of money or other things of value for the purpose of defraying the cost of preparation, printing, or circulation thereof. The petition form and content requirements can be found in the Lincoln Charter, Article IV, Sections 22 and 24. After certification, the council has 30 days to pass the measure or they shall submit it at the next election held within such city, regardless of whether or not such election be a city, county, or state election. If signatures reached 15%, with a request for a special election, the measure shall be submitted at a special election not less than 50 or more than 70 days from filing. Lincoln Charter, Art. IV, Sec. 22 and 24 Bellevue Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 51,319. Bellevue is a general law city and its initiative process is set by state statute as described above. Grand Island Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 49,239. Grand Island is a general law city and its initiative process is set by state statute as described above. Kearney Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 31,174. Kearney is a general law city and its initiative process is set by state statute as described above. Fremont Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 26,456. Fremont is a general law city and its initiative process is set by state statute as described above. Hastings Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 24,788. Hastings is a general law city and its initiative process is set by state statute as described above. North Platte Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 24,634. North Platte is a general law city and its initiative process is set by state statute as described above. Norfolk Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 24,248. Norfolk is a general law city and its initiative process is set by state statute as described above. Columbus Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 22,381. Columbus is a general law city and its initiative process is set by state statute as described above.

Nevada

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Nevada

Initiative is available in all of the top 10 most populated cities in Nevada.

Individual city provisions   Las Vegas Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 589,317 Las Vegas is a charter city and has initiative available for ordinances and charter amendments as detailed above. Henderson Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 260,068 Henderson is a charter city and has initiative available for ordinances and charter amendments as detailed above. Reno Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 227,511 Reno is a charter city and has initiative available for ordinances and charter amendments as detailed above. North Las Vegas Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 219,020 North Las Vegas is a charter city and has initiative available for ordinances and charter amendments as detailed above. Sparks Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 91,195 Sparks is a charter city and has initiative available for ordinances and charter amendments as detailed above. Carson City Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 55,439 Carson City is a charter city and has initiative available for ordinances and charter amendments as detailed above. Fenley Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 19,327 Fenley is a general law city and has initiative available for ordinances as detailed above. Elko Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 18,546 Elko is a charter city and has initiative available for ordinances and charter amendments as detailed above. Mesquite Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 15,423 Mesquite is a general law city and has initiative available for ordinances as detailed above. Boulder City Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 15,166 Boulder City is a charter city and has initiative available for ordinances and charter amendments as detailed above.

New Hampshire

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in New Hampshire

The top 10 most populated cities operate under a charter. Initiative is available for charter amendments. Cities may also authorize initiative and referendum for ordinances in the city charter. Two of the cities below, Nashua and Lebanon, have done so. Portsmouth grants a petition process that forces a council vote on the proposal, but it does not go to the ballot. Manchester grants a petition process which results in a non binding advisory referendum. The provisions below come from the individual city charter or code.

Individual city provisions   Manchester Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 109,830 Charter city To initiate a non-binding referendum the signature requirement is 15% of the registered voters of the city, including at least 6% of the registered voters of each ward. Petition content requirements can be found in the Manchester Charter, Section 8.07. Petitions must be approved by the city clerk prior to circulation. Petitions shall be submitted to the city clerk not less than 45 days prior to the election at which the question is to be submitted to the voters and such petitions shall be collected within 12 months of the election at which the question will appear. After certification, the board of mayor and aldermen shall order such questions placed on the ballot at any general election, whether federal, state or municipal except a primary election, but the result of any such initiative shall be non-binding, unless otherwise required by law. 'Restrictions: Petitions may not be used for questions which involve established operational expenses of the city or questions on appointed or elected officials of the city. Manchester Charter, Sec. 8.07 Nashua Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 86,704 Charter city The signature requirement is 5% of the last preceding vote cast in the city for all candidates for governor of the state; 25% if the petitioners want the option of calling a special meeting for a vote. Petition content requirements can be found in the Nashua Charter, Sec. 99 and 104. After certification, the board of aldermen or board of education (depending on the subject matter) has 20 days to pass the measure. Otherwise, if signed by 5%, the petition is submitted at next municipal election or, if signed by 25%, the board of aldermen shall call a special meeting of the voters to be held on a Tuesday fixed by it not less than 30 nor more than 45 days and shall submit the proposed measure without alteration to a vote of the qualified voters of the city at that meeting. Provided, however, that if any municipal election is otherwise to occur within 90 days, the council may at its discretion omit the special meeting and submit the measure at this election. A simple majority vote passes the measure. Nashua Charter, Sec. 99 to 106 Concord Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 42,733 Charter city The Concord city charter does not contain provisions for initiative of ordinances. Charter amendments may be proposed by petition under state law, as detailed above. Dover Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 30,168 Charter city The Dover city charter does not contain provisions for initiative of ordinances. Charter amendments may be proposed by petition under state law, as detailed above. Rochester Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 29,935 Charter city The Rochester city charter does not contain provisions for initiative of ordinances. Charter amendments may be proposed by petition under state law, as detailed above. Keene Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 23,354 Charter city The Keene city charter does not contain provisions for initiative of ordinances. Charter amendments may be proposed by petition under state law, as detailed above. Portsmouth Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 20,848 Charter city Portsmouth has an initiative process to force a council vote on a proposed ordinance. The signature requirement is 10% of the number of voters who voted at the last regular municipal election prior to the submission of the petition. Petition content requirements can be found in the Portsmouth Charter, Sec. 8.1. After signature certification, a public hearing is held, after which the council must vote on the measure, either passing without alteration or denying, stating the reasons. Portsmouth Charter, Sec. 8.1 to 8.3 Laconia Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 15,986 Charter city The Laconia city charter does not contain provisions for initiative of ordinances. Charter amendments may be proposed by petition under state law, as detailed above. Claremont Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 13,268 Charter city The Claremont city charter does not contain provisions for initiative of ordinances. Charter amendments may be proposed by petition under state law, as detailed above. Lebanon Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 13,120 Charter city The signature requirement is 10% of the votes cast in the last gubernatorial election. Prior to circulation, an application must be filed with the city clerk by at least 5 citizens who are registered voters in the city requesting that they constitute a Petitioners' Committee. Applications may be filed only between September 1 and October 31 of any year for the municipal election to be held on the second Tuesday of March of the following year. (For full application requirements, including affidavits and sample questions, see Lebanon Code, Chap. 89) The city clerk will then issue blank petitions. The Petitioners' Committee may appoint additional individuals who are registered voters of the city to circulate a petition, provided that the names of these individuals and their addresses are furnished to the City Clerk prior to their circulating a petition. All petitions must be filed not later than December 21. After certification, the council has 20 days to adopt the measure or it shall be placed on the ballot at the next municipal election. A simple majority vote passes the measure. Note: Lebanon Charter, Sec. 419:23B and Code, Chap. 89 also permit the same process for a non-binding initiative. Petitioners should be careful to stipulate which they are seeking. Lebanon Charter, Sec. 419:23A Lebanon Code, Chap. 89

New Jersey

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in New Jersey

Out of the top 10 most populated cities in New Jersey initiative is available in the eight that operate under the Optional Municipal Charter laws.

Individual city provisions   Newark Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 277,540 Charter city Newark operates under the optional municipal charter laws. The initiative and referendum process is detailed above. Jersey City Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 250,323 Charter city Jersey City operates under the optional municipal charter laws. The initiative and referendum process is detailed above. Paterson Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 146,427 Charter city Paterson operates under the optional municipal charter laws. The initiative and referendum process is detailed above. Elizabeth Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 125,660 Charter city Elizabeth operates under the optional municipal charter laws. Initiative and referendum available as detailed above. Trenton Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 84,899 Charter city Trenton operates under the optional municipal charter laws. The initiative and referendum process is detailed above. Clifton Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 84,269 Charter city Clifton operates under the Council Manager Act of 1923. Initiative and referendum is not available. Camden Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 77,283 Charter city Camden operates under the optional municipal charter laws. The initiative and referendum process is detailed above. Passaic Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 69,893 Charter city Passaic operates under the optional municipal charter laws. The initiative and referendum process is detailed above. Union City Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 67,187 Charter city Union City operates under the optional municipal charter laws. The initiative and referendum process is detailed above. East Orange Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 64,365 Charter city East Orange operates under a city form of government. Initiative is only available for establishment, abolition, merger of certain commissions, as provided by P.L.1963, c.149, codified in NJ Statutes 40:103-5(97).

New Mexico

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in New Mexico

Seven of the top 10 most populated cities in New Mexico are governed under a home rule charter. Charter amendment by initiative is required under state law, but charters may set the specific requirements. Charter cities may authorize initiative for ordinances, and five of the seven charter cities below have granted this power. The provisions below mostly come from the specific city charter or code. NM Stat. Section 3-1-5 governs petition requirements generally.

Individual city provisions   Albuquerque Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 552,804. Albuquerque is a home rule charter city, and the power of initiative is available for both ordinances and charter amendments. For ordinances, the signature requirement is 20 percent of the votes cast in the immediately preceding mayoral election. Prior to circulation, five qualified voters file a notice of intent, including the proposed text, with the city clerk. The clerk designates the required petition form, which must include certain content requirements and required circulator disclosures found in Albuquerque Code Sec. 2-4-12. Petitions must be filed within 60 days of the notice of intent and may be submitted in stages. After certification, the council has 14 days to pass the initiative or schedule it for an election. All citizen initiatives must go on the ballot at a general or regularly scheduled municipal election.(Albuq. Charter, Art. III, Sec. 3; Albuq. Code, Sec. 2-4-10 to 2-4-15) Restrictions: Initiative may not be used to amend or repeal, directly or indirectly, any ordinance (1) authorizing bonds or other obligations where such ordinance, bonds or other obligations appropriately have been approved at an election in the city; (2) levying or otherwise relating to special assessments; (3) imposing levies, increases or otherwise amending any excise tax pledged to any bonds or other obligations then outstanding; (4) imposing levies, increases or otherwise amending rates, tolls, fees and charges for services rendered by any municipal utility or any municipal revenue producing project if bonds or other obligations payable from the designated source are then outstanding; or (5) authorizing or otherwise relating to any city bonds or other obligations then outstanding. (Albuq. Charter, Art. III, Sec. 3) Charter amendments are subject to the same requirements as proposed ordinances, except that after certification the city council does not have the option of enacting the initiative amendment directly. The proposed amendment must be submitted at an election.(Albuq. Charter, Art. VI; Albuq. Code, Sec. 2-4-10 to 2-4-15) Albuquerque Charter, Art. III and VI; Albuquerque Code, Sec. 2-4-10 to 2-4-15 Las Cruces Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 99,665. Las Cruces is a home rule charter city and initiative is available for both ordinances and charter amendments. For ordinances, the signature requirement is 15% of the total number of ballots cast for candidates for council at the two most recent regular city elections. Any qualified registered voter of the city may commence initiative proceedings by filing with the city clerk an affidavit stating that the voter will be the petitioner, with other required content in Las Cruces Charter, Sec. 8.02. Promptly after the affidavit of the petitioner is filed, the city clerk shall issue the appropriate petition forms to the petitioner. Petition form and content requirements can be found in the Las Cruces Charter, Sec. 8.03. The city charter and code are silent as to time limits, but state law contains a default provision: "If no time period is established by law, petition signatures may not span a period of time greater than 60 days from the date of the earliest signature on the petition, and the petition shall be filed within 65 days from the date of the earliest signature on the petition" (N.M. Stat. Section 3-1-5). After certification the council has 60 days to pass or submit to regular or special election held within 60 days. (Las Cruces Charter, Art. VIII) Charter amendments are subject to the same requirements as proposed ordinances, except the signature requirement is 20% of the total number of qualified voters who voted for candidates for council in the two most recent regular city elections and certified proposals must be submitted at an election. No proposed amendment shall address more than one subject matter. However, more than one proposed amendment may be considered at the election by the voters. (Las Cruces Charter, Sec. 10.08) Las Cruces Charter, Art. VIII and Sec. 10.08 Rio Rancho Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 89,320 Rio Rancho is a home rule charter city and initiative is available for both ordinances and charter amendments. For ordinances, the signature requirement is 10% of the number of registered voters of the City of Rio Rancho at the regular municipal election immediately preceding the initial filing. Prior to circulation, petitions must be filed with the city clerk for pre-approval as to form, with requirements in Rio Rancho Charter, Sec. 7.02. Completed petitions must be filed within 60 days of the clerk's approval of the form. After certification, the governing body has 30 days to pass the proposed ordinance or submit at a special election, pursuant to the special election calendar and procedures of the New Mexico Municipal Election Code. (Rio Rancho Charter, Sec. 7.02) Restrictions: Initiative shall not extend to: the budget; the capital program; any ordinance relating to appropriation of money; the levy of taxes, unless a referendum is specifically authorized by state law; salaries of City officers or employees; or ordinances authorizing bonds or other obligations where such ordinance, bonds or other obligations previously have been approved at a City election. (Rio Rancho Charter, Sec. 7.02) For charter amendments, the signature requirement is 15% of the number of registered voters at the regular municipal election immediately preceding the filing of the Notice of Intent. Notice of intent to circulate a petition proposing any amendments to the charter must be signed by 5 qualified voters and filed with the city clerk, including the full text of the amendment. The clerk must approve the petition form. Completed petitions must be filed within 60 days of clerk approval of form. Following certification of the petition by the city clerk, the Governing Body shall adopt an election resolution. The election shall be held not later than 90 days from the date of the adopted resolution. (Rio Rancho Charter, Sec. 1.07) Rio Rancho Charter, Sec. 1.07 and 7.02 Santa Fe Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 68,642 Santa Fe is a home rule charter city and initiative is available for ordinances and charter amendments. For ordinances, the signature requirement is 33 and 1/3% or more of the actual voters in the last mayoral election, including at least 10% of the actual voters for mayor in each council district in the last mayoral election. Prior to circulation, petitions must be filed with the city clerk for pre-approval as to form, with requirements in Santa Fe Charter, Sec. 3.02. Completed petitions must be filed within 90 days of clerk approval of form. After certification, the council has 30 days to pass or shall enact an election resolution for the purpose of submitting the initiated ordinance to a vote. To be approved at least 20% of the qualified electors of the city must cast ballots. If the measure receives a majority of the votes cast, then the ordinance is adopted. (Santa Fe Charter, Sec. 3.02) Restrictions: Initiative shall not extend to: the budget; the capital program; any ordinance appropriating money; the levy of taxes; salaries of city officers or employees; zone map amendments; ordinances authorizing bonds or other obligations when such ordinances, bonds, or other obligations are revenue bonds or have previously been approved at a city election; or any ordinance that would violate the human and civil rights policy of this charter (Santa Fe Charter, Sec. 3.02) Santa Fe Charter, Sec. 10.02 states "This Charter may be amended or repealed as provided by law." State statutes authorize initiative for charter amendments, setting a signature requirement of 5% of the qualified electors of the municipality (NM Stat. 3-15-16, 3-15-4). N.M. Stat. Sec. 3-1-5 governs the petition process and form requirements: Petitions must be filed with the city clerk for pre-approval as to form and petition signatures may not span a period of time greater than 60 days from date of earliest signature on the petition, and the petition shall be filed within 65 days from date of earliest signature. After certification, the amendment shall be submitted to voters at a general or special election (NM Stat. 3-15-16). Santa Fe Charter, Sec. 3.02 and 10.02 Roswell Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 48,546 Roswell is a general law mayor-council (with manager) city and broad initiative is not authorized. However, for limited matters a petition process is granted by state statutes. Farmington Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 45,256 Farmington is a general law mayor-council (with manager) city and broad initiative is not authorized. However, for limited matters a petition process is granted by state statutes. Clovis Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 38,776 Clovis is a home rule charter city and initiative is available for charter amendments, although the charter does not grant initiative power for ordinances. Clovis Charter, Sec. 7-1 states "This Charter may be amended or repealed in the manner provided by law." State statutes authorize initiative for charter amendments, setting a signature requirement of 5% of the qualified electors of the municipality (NM Stat. 3-15-16, 3-15-4). N.M. Stat. Sec. 3-1-5 governs the petition process and form requirements: Petitions must be filed with the city clerk for pre-approval as to form and petition signatures may not span a period of time greater than 60 days from date of earliest signature on the petition, and the petition shall be filed within 65 days from date of earliest signature. After certification, the amendment shall be submitted to voters at a general or special election (NM Stat. 3-15-16). Clovis Charter, Sec. 7-1 Hobbs Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 34,488 Hobbs is a home rule charter city and initiative is available for charter amendments, although the charter does not grant initiative power for ordinances. Hobbs Charter, Sec. 7-1 states "This Charter may be amended or repealed in the manner provided by law." State statutes authorize initiative for charter amendments, setting a signature requirement of 5% of the qualified electors of the municipality (NM Stat. 3-15-16, 3-15-4). N.M. Stat. Sec. 3-1-5 governs the petition process and form requirements: Petitions must be filed with the city clerk for pre-approval as to form and petition signatures may not span a period of time greater than 60 days from date of earliest signature on the petition, and the petition shall be filed within 65 days from date of earliest signature. After certification, the amendment shall be submitted to voters at a general or special election (NM Stat. 3-15-16). Hobbs Charter, Sec. 7-1 Alamogordo Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 31,327 Alamogrodo is a home rule charter city and initiative is available for ordinances and charter amendments. For ordinances, the signature requirement is 20% of the average number of voters who voted at the previous 4 regular City elections or no less than 20% of the number of voters who voted at the previous regular City election, whichever is the greater. The charter and code are silent as to petition requirements thus N.M. Stat. Sec. 3-1-5 governs the petition process and form requirements: Petitions must be filed with the city clerk for pre-approval as to form and petition signatures may not span a period of time greater than 60 days from date of earliest signature on the petition, and the petition shall be filed within 65 days from date of earliest signature. After certification, the commission has 30 days to pass or shall call a special election in not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days. (Alamogordo Charter, Art. X, Sec. 1) Alamogordo Charter, Art. XII, Sec. 3 states "This Charter shall be amended or repealed in accordance with state law, except that any petition for charter amendment or repeal must be signed by qualified electors in a number no less than 20% of the average number of voters who voted at the previous 4 regular City elections or no less than 20% of the number of voters who voted at the previous regular City election, or by 5% of the qualified electors of the municipality, whichever is greater. State statutes authorize initiative for amendments (NM Stat. 3-15-16, 3-15-4). N.M. Stat. Sec. 3-1-5 governs the petition process and form requirements: Petitions must be filed with the city clerk for pre-approval as to form and petition signatures may not span a period of time greater than 60 days from date of earliest signature on the petition, and the petition shall be filed within 65 days from date of earliest signature. After certification, the amendment shall be submitted to voters at a general or special election (NM Stat. 3-15-16). Alamogordo Charter, Art. X, Sec. 1; Art. XII, Sec. 3 Carlsbad Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 26,296 Carlsbad is a general law mayor-council city and broad initiative is not authorized. However, for limited matters a petition process is granted by state statutes.

New York

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in New York

The top 10 most populated cities in New York are all governed under a charter. Initiative is available for charter amendments. New Rochelle City is the only one to have additional provisions for ordinance initiative petitions in its city charter.

Individual city provisions   New Rochelle Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 77,606 Charter city New Rochelle has provisions for initiative and referendum for any ordinance that does not authorize an issue of obligations, direct a local improvement, make a general tax levy, appropriate money or involve an expenditure other than one to be made from taxes to be levied for the fiscal year in which such expenditure is to be made. Petitions that are not excluded by these restrictions requires signatures equalling 10% of voters who registered for the last general election. If a petition is successful it goes to the legislature, which has thirty days to consider it. If the legislature does nothing with regard to the ordinance in question, it is considered approved. If they amend or reject the petition it may go to the ballot by request of the petitioners. New Rochelle Charter, Art. V

North Carolina

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in North Carolina

All city charters may be amended by initiative regarding certain subject matters. In addition, some cities have initiative for ordinances granted by special acts of the state legislature.

Individual city provisions   Charlotte Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 751,087. Charlotte is a charter city. The charter can be amended through the provisions detailed above, but there are no further provisions for the changing of ordinances through initiative petitions. Raleigh Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 416,468. Raleigh is a charter city. Ordinances: Signature requirement is 10% of the registered voters at the last regular municipal election. Prior to circulation, notice of circulation of a petition shall be registered with the county board of elections (NC Gen. Stat. 163-218, 163-295). Petition form and content requirements are in Raleigh Charter, Sec. 2.16, including the names and addresses of 5 electors, who, as a committee of the petitioners, shall be responsible for the circulation and filing of the petition. All petition papers shall be assembled and filed with the city clerk as one instrument. Petitions are void after 1 year from the initial notice filing (NC Gen. Stat. 163-219). After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt the measure without alteration or shall submit to the electors not less than 30 days nor more than one year from the date the council takes its final vote thereon. The council may, in its discretion, and if no regular election is to be held within such period shall, provide for a special election. Provided that, if the council passes an ordinance proposed by initiative petition in a form different from that set forth in the petition, the initiative form of the ordinance shall be submitted to the electors of the city only if, within 20 business days, an additional petition signed by 5% of the registered voters at the time of the last regular municipal election is submitted to the city council. Restrictions: Initiative not available for an ordinance appropriating moneys or authorizing the levy of taxes. Raleigh Charter, Sec. 2.16 Greensboro Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 273,425. Greensboro is a charter city. Ordinances: Signature requirement is 25% of the number of persons voting at the last citywide election for city council members. Prior to circulation, notice of circulation of a petition shall be registered with the county board of elections (per NC Gen. Stat. 163-218). Petition form and content requirements are in Greensboro Charter, Sec. 2.71 to 2.73, including the names and addresses of 5 qualified voters of the city, who, as the petitioners' committee, shall be responsible for the registration, circulation and filing of the petition. Petitions shall be assembled as one instrument for filing with the city clerk. Petitions are void after 1 year from the initial notice filing (NC Gen. Stat. 163-219). After certification, council has 30 days to adopt without alteration or shall submit at the next regularly scheduled primary or general election in Guilford County for state, county or municipal officials following 90 days after the petition has been finally determined to be sufficient. Restrictions: The initiative shall not extend to the proposing of: (i) any part or all of the annual budget; or (ii) any ordinance making or repealing any appropriation of money, fixing the salaries of city officers or employees, or authorizing or repealing the levying of taxes. Greensboro Charter, Sec. 2.71 to 2.80 Durham Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 233,252. Durham is a charter city. The charter can be amended through the provisions detailed above, but there are no further provisions for the changing of ordinances through initiative petitions. Winston-Salem Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 232,385. Winston-Salem is a charter city. The charter can be amended through the provisions detailed above, but there are no further provisions for the changing of ordinances through initiative petitions. Fayetteville Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 203,945. Fayetteville is a charter city. The charter can be amended through the provisions detailed above, but there are no further provisions for the changing of ordinances through initiative petitions. Carey Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 139,633. Carey is a charter city. The charter can be amended through the provisions detailed above, but there are no further provisions for the changing of ordinances through initiative petitions. Wilmington Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 108,297. Wilmington is a charter city. The charter can be amended through the provisions detailed above, but there are no further provisions for the changing of ordinances through initiative petitions. High Point Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 105,753. High Point is a charter city. The charter can be amended through the provisions detailed above, but there are no further provisions for the changing of ordinances through initiative petitions. Greenville Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 86,017. Greenville is a charter city. The charter can be amended through the provisions detailed above, but there are no further provisions for the changing of ordinances through initiative petitions.

North Dakota

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in North Dakota

The top 10 most populated cities are all governed under a home rule charter. Charters may be amended by initiative, with some charters containing additional details such as petition form requirements. All charters below also authorize initiative for ordinances, as provided.

Individual city provisions   Fargo Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 107,349 Charter city Signature requirement is 15% of the number of voters who voted for mayor in the most recent city election at which that office was filled. The petition content requirements are in Fargo Charter, Art. 4, including providing 3 names as the petitioners' committee. After certification, the commission has 21 days to adopt or shall submit at an election not less than 60 days from certification. Majority vote passes the measure. Initiated ordinances adopted by voters cannot be repealed or amended except by voters. Fargo Charter, Art. 4 Bismarck Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 62,665 Charter city Signature requirement is 15% of the number of electors voting in the city for all candidates for the executive officer at the last election. A petition to initiate an ordinance shall be presented to the city attorney, or other official designated by ordinance, for approval as to form prior to circulation. The petition content requirements are in Bismarck Charter, Art. 3, Sec. 2, including providing 3 names as the petitioners' committee. After certification, the commission has 30 days to adopt or shall submit at the next election occurring after 60 days from the filing of sufficient petitions, or at a special election. Majority vote passes the measure. The commission may not repeal or amend initiated ordinances adopted by voters except by vote of all members for a period of 5 years. Bismarck Charter, Art. 3, Sec. 2 Grand Forks Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 52,631 Charter city Signature requirement is 15% of the total number of votes cast in the city at the last gubernatorial election. The petition content requirements are in Grand Forks Charter, Art. IV, including providing 3 names as the petitioners' committee. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt or shall submit no later than the next regular general election after certification. Majority vote passes the measure. The council may not repeal or amend initiated ordinances adopted by voters except by vote of three-fourths (¾) of the members therefor for 10 years. Restrictions: The power of initiative and referendum shall not extend to the annual appropriations ordinance, or any limitation as to the annual mill levy, nor to those ordinances or resolutions implementing public projects upon which an election has previously been held, nor shall the power of initiative and referendum extend to special improvement projects under which the law provides for protest procedures or to special assessment projects carried out under the provisions of the North Dakota Century Code. Grand Forks Charter, Art. IV Minot Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 42,485 Charter city Signature requirement is 15% of the total votes cast in the city at the most recent presidential election. The petition content requirements are in Minot Code, Sec. 11.5-4, including providing 3 names as the petitioners' committee. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt or shall submit at an election within 120 days from certification. If no regular city election is held within such time period, council shall call a special election. Majority vote passes the measure. The council may not repeal or amend initiated ordinances adopted by voters except by vote of three-fourths (¾) of the members therefor for 10 years. Restrictions: The power of initiative and referendum shall not extend to the annual appropriations ordinance, nor to those ordinances or resolutions implementing public projects upon which an election has previously been held, nor shall the power of initiative and referendum extend to special improvement projects under which the law provides for protest procedures or to special assessment projects carried out under the provisions of the North Dakota Century Code. Minot Code, Sec. 11.5-4 West Fargo Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 26,291 Charter city Signature requirement is 15% of those voting in the city for the office of president in the most recent presidential election. The petition content requirements are in West Fargo Charter, Art. IV, including providing 3 names as the petitioners' committee. After certification, the commission has 30 days to adopt or shall submit at next city-wide election to occur; however, if no election is to occur within 90 days from certification, shall call a special election within such period. Majority vote passes the measure. The commission may not repeal or amend initiated ordinances adopted by voters for a period of 2 years. Restrictions: The power of initiative and referendum shall not extend to the budget or capital program, the appropriation of money, the levy of taxes, any limitation as to the annual mill levy, zoning or to those ordinances implementing public projects upon which an election has previously been held. Nor shall the power of initiative and referendum extend to special improvement projects under which the law provides for protest procedures or to special assessment projects carried out under the provisions of the North Dakota Century Code. West Fargo Charter, Art. IV Mandan Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 18,507 Charter city Signature requirement is 15% of the votes cast for all candidates for the executive officer of the city at the preceding regular city election in which said executive officer was subject to election. The petition content requirements are in Mandan Charter, Art. 4, including providing 3 names as the petitioners' committee. After certification, the measure shall be placed upon the ballot at the next city-wide election occurring at least 30 days after the filing and determination of sufficiency; or at a special election called by the governing body, whichever shall occur first. Mandan Charter, Art. 4 Dickinson Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 18,499 Charter city Signature requirement is 15% of the total votes cast in the city at the most recent city election. The petition content requirements are in Dickinson Charter, Art. 5, including providing 3 names as the petitioners' committee. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt or shall submit at a regular election if scheduled within 15 to 90 days from certification, otherwise call a special election. Majority vote passes the measure. The council may not repeal or amend initiated ordinances for a period of 5 years after the date of the election adopting such ordinance except by a four-fifths (4/5) vote of the members thereof. Dickinson Charter, Art. 5 (dead link)' Williston Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 16,006 Charter city The Williston Charter could not be found online. Update to come. Jamestown Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 15,400 Charter city Signature requirement is 15% of the total votes cast in the city at the most recent presidential election. Prior to circulation of the proposed initiated measure, the proposed petition shall be submitted to the city auditor for approval as to form. The petition content requirements are in Jamestown Code, Chap. 13, Art. II, including providing 3 names as the petitioners' committee. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt or shall submit at a regular election if scheduled within 15 to 90 days from certification, otherwise call a special election. Majority vote passes the measure. The council may not repeal or amend an initiated ordinance adopted by the voters except by a three-quarters (¾) vote of the members thereof for a period of 5 years after the date of the election. Jamestown Code, Chap. 13, Art. II Wahpeton Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 7,731 Charter city Signature requirement is 15% of the number of electors voting in the city for the office of governor at the last election. A petition to initiate an ordinance shall be presented to the City Auditor for approval as to form prior to circulation. The petition content requirements are in Wahpeton Charter, Art. 4, including providing 3 names as the petitioners' committee. After certification, the council has 20 days to adopt or shall submit at a regular election if scheduled within 15 to 90 days from certification, otherwise call a special election. Majority vote passes the measure. The council may not repeal or amend an initiated ordinance adopted by the voters except by a three-quarters (¾) vote of the members thereof for a period of 6 years after the date of the election. Wahpeton Charter, Art. 4

Ohio

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Ohio

Initiative is available in all of the top 10 most populated cities in Ohio.

Individual city provisions   Columbus Population as of the July 2011 census update: 797,434 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process for charter amendment, but has its own process for ordinances. Initiatives must follow the single-subject rule. Signatures are required from 5 percent of the total votes cast at the last preceding general municipal election for the position of Mayor (Columbus Charter, Sec. 41). The city clerk is required to provide a petition template to initiative, referendum or recall sponsors. Among other requirements, a full copy of the proposed law must be displayed on the petition. Moreover, initiative sponsors must file a statement of intent to compensate signature gatherers and a report following any actual compensation of anyone who works to circulate a petition. All petitions are to be filed with the city clerk not more than a year from when a copy of the initiative proposal is first submitted. Among the requirements, a petition must have the names of 5 electors who are registered as the official filers. The process for approval of the finished petition is indirect, meaning the council may pass the measure or submit it at the next regular city election to be held not less than 60 nor more than 120 days thereafter. If no regular city election is scheduled for in this time, the council may call for a special election within the same period or put the ordinance on the next regularly scheduled city election. The city council prescribes a ballot summary for the proposed initiative. The council is permitted to draft ballot arguments for and against the proposal. Petitioners may submit suggested language for any of this ballot language to the council. (Columbus Charter, Sec. 44) Petitioners have 30 days from the council's official action on an ordinance to collect the requisite signatures - 5 percent of votes last cast for city mayor - to qualify a referendum on the ordinance. Annual ordinances regarding appropriations and ordinances that themselves submit proposals to the electors are not subject to referendum. Petitioners have 30 days from filing a recall petition with the city to collect the requisite signatures - 15 percent of the number of electors who voted in the last preceding regular municipal election for mayor. Recall petitiones may not be filed within 180 days of an official taking office or within 90 days of a general election for the office in question. Cleveland Population as of the July 2011 census update: 393,806 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process for charter amendment, but has its own process for ordinances. There were no subject restrictions found. Signatures are required from 5,000 qualified electors of the city. (Cleveland Charter, Sec. 49) There were no circulator requirements found in the charter or code. The required content can be found in the Cleveland Charter, Sec. 49, 50. The names of 5 electors must be included as official filers. There is no pre-approval process in the charter or code. The process for approval is indirect and the council committee has 60 days to file a recommendation report. The council then has 30 days to pass the measure. If it fails to pass, the petitioners have 10 days to request election by filing a certificate with the clerk of the council. He shall submit the measure at a regular election not less than 60 days or more than 6 months afterwards, otherwise he shall call a special election not less than 60 days after. Petitioners may force a special election by submitting an additional 5,000 signatures. (Cleveland Charter, Sec. 54-57) Cincinnati Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 296,223 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process both charter amendment and ordinances, which can be found above. Toledo Population as of 2013: 282,313. Toledo is a charter city. It follows the state mandated initiative process for charter amendment, but has its own process for ordinances. Signatures are required from 12% of the total number of votes cast for all candidates for Mayor at the most recent general municipal election at which the Mayor was elected. (Toledo Charter, Sec. 75) There were no circulator requirements found in the charter or code. The required content for the petition can be found in the Toledo Charter, Sec. 92-94. Petitions must include the names of 5 electors as proponents. There is no pre-approval process in the charter or code. The process for approval is indirect and the council has 30 days to pass the measure or they shall submit it at the next regular general or primary election occurring not less than 75 days after. Provided that if the council passes an altered version, the petitioners must file an additional petition with 1% of the total number of ballots cast for Members of Council at the preceding municipal election to have the original proposed ordinance submitted to an election. (Toledo Charter, Sec. 76, 77, 83) A simple majority determines the outcome of the election. Akron Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 198,402 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process for charter amendment, but has its own process for ordinances. There were no subject restrictions found. Signatures are required from 7% of total number of qualified electors registered to vote at the last general municipal election. (Akron Charter, Sec. 17, 21) There were no circulator requirements found in the charter or code. The required content for the petition can be found in the Akron Charter Sec. 17, 21. There is no pre-approval process in the charter or code. The council may forego a decision on the measure until the election, otherwise it shall be submitted for the approval or rejection of the electors of the City at the next succeeding general election occurring subsequent up to 60 days after such an initiative petition is found to be sufficient by the Clerk of the Council. (Akron Charter, Sec. 17, 26) A simple majority determines the outcome of the election. (Akron Charter, Sec. 21) Dayton Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 142,148 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process for charter amendment, but has its own process for ordinances. There were no subject restrictions found. To get commission consideration: Signatures are required from 10% of the total number of registered voters in the municipality. If the measure fails to pass then it requires an additional 15% to submit to election. (Dayton Charter, Sec. 21, 24) There were no circulator requirements found in the charter or code. The required content can be found in the Dayton Charter, Sec. 21, 22. The names of 5 electors must be included as official filers. There is no pre-circulation approval process in the charter or code. The approval process after circulation is indirect and the commission has 30 days to pass the measure. If it fails, the petition committee has 20 days from final action to file a certificate with the Clerk of Commission requesting an election. They must file an additional petition with new signatures from 15% of the electors. (It is not clear if the 20 day limit applies to signature requirements also). The proposed measure is submitted at a regular election held not more than 6 months nor less than 30 days after the receipt of the Clerk's certificate by the Commission, otherwise the commission calls a special election. (Dayton Charter, Sec. 24-26) A simple majority determines the outcome of the election. (Dayton Charter, Sec. 27) Parma Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 80,968 General law city Follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Canton Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 72,919 General law city Follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Youngstown Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 66,571 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process for charter amendment, but has its own process for ordinances. There were no subject restrictions found. Signatures are required from 3% of the number of voters who voted for governor in the municipality in the most recent election. (Youngstown Charter, Sec. 82; ORC Sec. 731.28) For circulators: residency is required as described in ORC §3503.06, however it was ruled unconstitutional by a federal court in 2008. Petitioners must submit an itemized statement according to ORC Sec. 731.35. The Council provides the proper forms which are kept with the clerk. (Youngstown Charter, Sec. 82; Youngstown Code, Sec. 123.01) A certified copy must be filed with the city auditor/city clerk before circulating the petition. (ORC §731.32; Youngstown Charter Sec. 82) Committees of 3 or more may be designated and regarded as filing the petition. (ORC §731.34) The proposed ordinance is submitted at the next general election occurring 90 days after the clerk/auditor certifies and submits it to the board of elections. (ORC §731.28 - 29) A simple majority determines the result of the election. (ORC §731.28 - 29) Lorain Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 64,152 General law city Follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances.

Oklahoma

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Oklahoma

Initiative is available in all of the top 10 most populated cities in Oklahoma.

Individual city provisions   Oklahoma City Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 591,967 Follows the state mandated initiative process for both charter amendment and ordinances, which can be found above. Tulsa Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 396,466 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process for both charter amendment and ordinances, which can be found above. Norman Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 113,273 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process for both charter amendment and ordinances, which can be found above. Broken Arrow Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 100,073 General law city Follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Lawton Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 98,177 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process for both charter amendment and ordinances, which can be found above. Edmond Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 82,963 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process for both charter amendment and ordinances, which can be found above. Moore Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 56,315 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process for both charter amendment and ordinances, which can be found above. Midwest City Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 55,427 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process for both charter amendment and ordinances, which can be found above. Enid Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 49,451 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process for both charter amendment and ordinances, which can be found above. Stillwater Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 46,048 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process for both charter amendment and ordinances, which can be found above.

Oregon

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Oregon

The top 10 most populated cities in Oregon are all governed under a home rule charter. Initiative is available for ordinances and charter amendments. The initiative process for cities is generally governed by the Oregon Constitution Article IV, Section 1 and Oregon Revised Statutes Chap. 250. However, charter cities may differ from the statutes and set their own signature percentages, filing deadlines, or additional requirements. The requirements altered by the city charter or code are provided below. Charter cities must follow the state rules regarding form of petitions and pre-filing.

Individual city provisions   Portland Population as of the July 2011 census update: 593,820 Charter city Signature requirement is 9% of the number of electors registered in the city on the date of the primary municipal election immediately preceding the date the prospective petition is filed (Portland Code, Sec. 2.04.090). Chief petitioners must be registered voters of the city. Petitions must be filed for signature verification no less than 4 months before the election date specified on the petition. If petition is sufficient, council has 30 days to pass or the initiated measure will be submitted at the regular primary or general election specified on the petition. Portland Code, Chap. 2.04 Portland Citizen Initiative Petition Information Packet, Office of City Auditor Eugene Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 156,929 Charter city Signature requirement is 15% of the number of votes cast for the office of mayor at the mayoral election last preceding the date when circulation of the petition begins. Filing is done with the city recorder. The date of the first signature on the petition cannot be later than 90 days after the issuance of the ballot title on the measure; and the completed petition is submitted to the city recorder for signature verification no later than 100 days after the date of the first signature on the petition. Eugene also allows a petitioner to designate an initiated ordinance as a "protected ordinance", which makes it harder for the council to amend or repeal the measure once it passes. Eugene Code, Secs. 2.972 to 2.989Eugene Charter, Sec. 32-A Salem Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 156,244 Charter city Signature requirement is 15% of the votes cast for the office of mayor at the last preceding election. Filing is done with the city recorder. Petitions must be filed within 110 days after the date stamped on the prospective petition by the city recorder. Initiated ordinances not enacted by council, tax levy or bond issues, and charter amendments shall be submitted on the next available election date in May or November after the city recorder certifies and files the petition. Salem Code, Secs. 11.240 to 11.450 Gresham Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 107,439 Charter city Signature requirement is 3% of the electors registered in the city at the time the prospective petition is filed. The city code generally mirrors the default state process, except initiated charter amendments require 60% approval to pass. Gresham Code, Art. 2.04Gresham Charter, Sec. 45A Hillsboro Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 93,455 Charter city Signature requirement is 15% of the total number of registered voters in the city on January 1st of the calendar year the petition is filed. Filing is done with the city recorder. No initiative petition may be accepted for signature verification more than 6 months after the date of the recorder’s initial certification of the prospective petition. Hillsboro Code, Sec. 1.12.120 to .180 Beaverton Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 91,625 Charter city City code largely references the general law requirements as provided above. It specifies that a prospective petition shall be filed within two years of the date by which the completed petition must be filed. Elections on initiated measures are to be held at the statewide November general election in even numbered years, although an earlier election may be an option under state law. Beaverton City Code, Sec. 2.06.400 to .410 Bend Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 77,905 Charter city Follows the general law requirements as provided above with no alternative provisions in the city charter or code. Bend City Code, Title 1, Chap. 1.25 Medford Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 75,501 Charter city Follows the general law requirements as provided above, except the signature requirement is 15% of the number of votes cast for the office of mayor at the regular election last preceding the deposit of the petition at the office of the recorder after its circulation. Medford Code, Sec. 2.115 Springfield Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 59,695 Charter city Follows the general law requirements as provided above, except the signature requirement is 15% of the votes cast for mayor at the last regular election for mayor. Springfield Code, Sec. 2.230 to 2.280 Corvallis Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 54,674 Charter city Follows the general law requirements as provided above, except the signature requirement is 15% of the votes cast for Mayor at the last preceding municipal election. Corvallis Charter, Chap. 6, Sec. 32

Pennsylvania

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Pennsylvania

Of the top 10 most populated cities in Pennsylvania, only two, Allentown and Scranton, have individual provisions for ordinance initiative beyond what is established in state law.

Individual city provisions   Allentown Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 119,141 Charter city Any 5 qualified voters of the City may file with the City Clerk an affidavit stating they will constitute the Petitioners Committee and be responsible for circulating the petition and filing it in proper form stating their names and addresses and specifying the address to which all notices to the committee are to be sent, and setting out, in full, the proposed initiative ordinance or the ordinance sought to be reconsidered (Allenstown Charter, Sec. 1003). After the initial affidavit, city clerk shall issue the appropriate petition blanks to the petitioners. Petition requirements are in Allenstown Charter Sec. 1004. The signature requirement is 2,000 signatures. Petitions must be filed within 65 days of registration. After certification, the city council has 60 days to adopt, or shall be placed on the ballot at the next primary, municipal or general election occurring at least 90 days after final council action(Charter Sec. 1007). Allentown City Charter Scranton Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 75,995 Charter city Any 5 qualified voters of the City may file with the City Clerk an affidavit stating they will constitute the Petitioners Committee and be responsible for circulating the petition and filing it in proper form stating their names and addresses and specifying the address to which all notices to the committee are to be sent, and setting out, in full, the proposed initiative ordinance or the ordinance sought to be reconsidered (Scranton Charter, Sec. 1002). After the initial affidavit, city clerk shall issue the appropriate petition blanks to the petitioners. Petition requirements are in Scranton Charter Sec. 1003. The signature requirement is 15% of all votes cast for all candidates for the office of mayor in the last such election. After certification, the city council has 60 days to adopt, or shall be placed on the ballot at a regular or special election occurring at least 30 days and within 1 year from final council action. (Charter Sec. 1006) Restrictions: Initiative not available for the budget or capital program or any ordinance relating to appropriation of money, levy of taxes or salaries of city officers or employees. Scranton City Charter

Rhode Island

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Rhode Island

Four of the eight cities in Rhode Island grant initiative for ordinances in their charter.

Individual city provisions   Providence Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 178,053. Providence is a charter city. Providence provides a two-step process to place an initiated ordinance on the ballot. The signature requirement is 1,000 qualified electors of the city to have council consideration of the proposed ordinance. If the council fails to adopt, a second petition with 5% of the qualified electors of the city must be filed to have the proposed ordinance placed on the ballot at the next general election. The second petition must be filed at least 60 days prior to the general election. Petition content requirements are in Providence Charter, Sec. 209. Majority vote passes the ordinance. An ordinance so adopted shall not be altered or modified by the city council within one year after adoption of the ordinance at said general election. Restrictions: Power shall not extend to the budget or capital programs or to any ordinance relating to the appropriation of money, or to the levy of taxes or to the salaries and benefits of city officials or employees. Providence Charter, Sec. 209 Warwick Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 82,361. Warwick is a charter city and does not authorize initiative. Cranston Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 80,392. Cranston is a charter city. Cranston provides a two-step process to place an initiated ordinance on the ballot. The signature requirement is 20% of the qualified electors of the city to have council consideration of the proposed ordinance. If the council fails to adopt, a second petition with 5% of the qualified electors of the city must be filed to have the proposed ordinance placed on the ballot at the next general election. The second petition must be filed at least 60 days prior to the general election. Petition content requirements are in Cranston Charter, Sec. 3.23. Majority vote passes the ordinance. An ordinance so adopted shall not be altered or modified by the city council within one year after adoption of the ordinance at said general election. Restrictions: Initiative is not available for operating budget ordinances and capital budget ordinances. Cranston Charter, Sec. 3.23 Pawtucket Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 71,153. Pawtucket is a charter city.Signature requirement is 10% of the number of registered electors in the city as of the date of certification, said total to include the valid signatures of at least 5% of the electors resident in each of the six wards of the city. Any elector or group of electors who desire to circulate an initiative petition shall first file notice of their intention to do so, together with a copy of the petition, with the city clerk, and with the city solicitor for form approval. Petition content requirements are in Pawtucket Charter, Sec. 6-200 to 205. Petitions must be filed within 60 days of pre-approval. After certification, shall be placed on the ballot for the next ensuing state general election or municipal election, whichever come first with sufficient time for placement of the initiative question thereon. Majority vote passes the ordinance. No ordinance thus enacted shall be repealed or be the subject of any substantive amendment by the city council for a period of three years following the effective date thereof. Restrictions: Power shall not extend to the budget or capital programs to the levy of taxes, or to the salaries and benefits of city officials or employees. Pawtucket Charter, Sec. 6-200 to 205 East Providence Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 47,039. East Providence is a charter city and does not authorize initiative. Woonsocket Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 41,188.: Woonsocket is a charter city and does not authorize initiative. Newport According to the 2010 census, the population of Newport was 24,619 people. Newport is a charter city. Signature requirement is 10% of the number of persons registered to vote at the time of the last regular municipal election. Petition content requirements are in Newport Charter, Sec. 2-14a. All signatures shall be gathered within a six-month time limit. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt, or shall submit to electors not less than 30 days nor more than one year from the date the council takes its final vote thereon. The council may, in its discretion, and if no regular election is to be held within such period shall, provide for a special election. Restrictions: Initiative is not available for an ordinance appropriating money or authorizing the levy of taxes. Newport Charter, Sec. 2-13 to 2-16 Central Falls Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 19,379 people. Central Falls is a charter city and does not authorize initiative.

South Carolina

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in South Carolina

The top 10 most populated cities are all subject to the state set initiative process.

Individual city provisions   Columbia Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 130,591 This general law city follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Charleston Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 122,689 This general law city follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. North Charleston Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 99,727 This general law city follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Mount Pleasant Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 69,357 This general law city follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Rock Hill Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 67,423 This general law city follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Greenville Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 60,379 This general law city follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Summerville Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 44,783 This general law city follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Sumter Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 40,526 This general law city follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Hilton Head Island Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 37,675 This general law city follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Spartanburg Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 37,334 This general law city follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above.

South Dakota

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in South Dakota

Initiative is available in all of the top 10 most populated cities in South Dakota.

Individual city provisions   Sioux Falls Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 156,592 Charter city Sioux Falls has its own initiative process for charter amendments. There are no subject restrictions mentioned. Signatures are required from 5% of all registered voters at the last regular city election. There were no time restraints on petition circulation or circulator requirements mentioned. The clerk in conformance with the city code determines the layout of the petition. The only pre-circulation approval process is registration. After approval, the measure goes straight to the ballot and a simple majority determines the outcome of the election. Rapid City Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 69,200 General law city Follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Aberdeen Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 26,297 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Brookings Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 22,228 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Watertown Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 21,658 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Mitchell Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 15,368 General law city Follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Yangton Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 14,564 General law city Follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Pierre Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 13,860 Charter city Follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances and charter amendment, other than the turning in of signatures which is done to the finance officer rather than the clerk. Huron Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 12,706 General law city Follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above. Vermillion Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 10,706 General law city Follows the state mandated initiative process for ordinances, which can be found above.

Tennessee

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Tennessee

Initiative is available in five of the top 10 most populated cities. The provisions below come from the specific city charter and the requirements of Tennessee Code § 2-5-151.

Individual city provisions   Memphis Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 652,050. Home rule charter city, does not authorize initiative. Nashville Population as of the July 2011 census update: 609,644. Metropolitan charter (consolidated with Davidson county), authorizes initiative for charter amendments. Charter amendments: Signature requirement is 10% of those registered to vote in Nashville-Davidson County. File completed petitions with the metropolitan clerk. After the county election commission certifies the signatures, the proposal goes to election not less than 90 days from filing. Majority vote passes the measure. Nashville-Davidson Charter, Art. 19 Knoxville Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 180,761. Home rule charter city, authorizes initiative for ordinances. Ordinances: Signature requirement is 7% of those registered to vote in the city as of January 1 of the year in which the petition is certified or seven thousand (7,000) signatures, whichever is greater. Before a petition may be circulated, at least one registered voter of the city shall file the proposed petition with the county election commission for pre-approval (TCA 2-5-151). Petition content requirements are in Knoxville Charter, Sec. 708, 709. Completed petitions must be filed within 75 days of pre-approval, and at least 60 days prior to a regular election to appear on that ballot (TCA 2-5-151). After certification, the council has 30 days to adopt or shall call a special election, unless a regular election is fixed within 6 months. Majority vote passes the measure. Note: Twice during the 90’s Knoxville’s initiative process was used indirectly to initiate charter amendments. The city charter provides that a charter amendment can be proposed by ordinance (as does state law). In both instances proponents submitted petitions enacting an ordinance that proposed a charter amendment. Both initiated ordinances were adopted by the voters, and ultimately, both charter amendments were adopted as well. Knoxville Charter, Art. VII Chattanooga Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 170,136. Home rule charter city, authorizes initiative for ordinances. Ordinances: Signature requirement is 25% of the votes cast for all the candidates for mayor at the last preceding general municipal election. Before a petition may be circulated, at least one registered voter of the city shall file the proposed petition with the county election commission for pre-approval (TCA 2-5-151). Petition content requirements are in Chattanooga Charter, Sec. 11.24 and 3.18. Completed petitions must be filed within 75 days of pre-approval, and at least 60 days prior to a regular election to appear on that ballot (TCA 2-5-151). After certification, council has 6 weeks to adopt or submit at special election to be held as soon as may be done conformably to law, unless a general municipal election is fixed to be held within 90 days. Majority vote passes the measure. Note: As state law provides that a charter amendment can be proposed by ordinance, this process may be available to indirectly initiate charter amendments (as in Knoxville). Chattanooga Charter, Title 11 Clarksville Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 136,231. Private act charter, does not authorize initiative. Murfreesboro Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 111,327. Private act charter, authorizes initiative for ordinances. Ordinances: Signature requirement is 15% of the votes cast for the candidate receiving the highest number of votes in the last preceding regular election of the city. Before a petition may be circulated, at least one registered voter of the city shall file the proposed petition with the county election commission for pre-approval (TCA 2-5-151). Completed petitions must be filed within 75 days of pre-approval, and at least 60 days prior to a regular election to appear on that ballot (TCA 2-5-151). After certification, council may adopt on its own or shall submit to an election. Majority vote passes the measure. Restrictions: "No ordinance making an appropriation or fixing a tax levy shall be referred to the voters of the city, under the provisions of this section, and neither the repeal nor amendment of any ordinance, affected under the provisions of this section, shall in any manner impair, invalidate or affect any contract or property right that may have been acquired or which may have become vested under and by virtue of any such ordinance while the same remained unrepealed or unamended." Murfreesboro Charter, Sec. 26 Jackson Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 65,187. Private act charter, authorizes initiative for ordinances. Ordinances: Signature requirement is 10% of the votes cast for candidates for council at the last preceding general municipal election. Before a petition may be circulated, at least one registered voter of the city shall file the proposed petition with the county election commission for pre-approval (TCA 2-5-151). Petition content requirements are in Jackson Charter, Sec. 30. Completed petitions must be filed within 75 days of pre-approval, and at least 60 days prior to a regular election to appear on that ballot (TCA 2-5-151). After certification, council has 15 days to adopt or submit to election as soon as it may be done in conformity to law, unless a general municipal election is fixed to be held within 90 days. Majority vote passes the measure. Jackson Charter, Sec. 30 Franklin Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 64,317. Private act charter, does not authorize initiative. Johnson City Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 63,815. Home rule charter, does not authorize initiative. Bartlett Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 55,055. Private act charter, does not authorize initiative.

Texas

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Texas

The top 10 most populated cities in Texas are all governed under a home rule charter. Initiative is available for charter amendments. Nine of the 10 allow initiative for ordinances (Arlington has not authorized ordinance initiative). The provisions below come from the specific city charter or code. TX Election Code Chapter 277 contains general provisions on petition signature validity.

Individual city provisions   Houston: Population as of the July 2011 census update: 2,145,146. Houston is a charter city. Signature requirement is 15% of the total votes last cast for mayor at the mayoral election next preceding the filing of said petition. File petitions with the city secretary. The council shall either pass such ordinance or resolution without alteration, or submit it to the popular vote at a special election, which must be held within 30 days after the date of the ordering thereof; provided, however, that if any other municipal election is to be held within 60 days after the filing of the petition said proposed ordinance or resolution shall be submitted without alteration to be voted upon at such election. Houston Charter, Art. VII(b) San Antonio: Population as of the July 2011 census update: 1,359,758. San Antonio is a charter city. Signature requirement is 10% of the electors qualified to vote at the time of the last regular municipal election. Petition form requirements are in the San Antonio Charter, Art. IV, Sec. 36. File petitions with the city clerk. After certification, the council has 60 days to pass or submit at a special or regular municipal election not less than 30 nor more than 90 days from the date the council takes its final vote thereon. Charter specifies that cannot use initiative for ordinances appropriating money, levying a tax, granting a franchise, or fixing public utility rates; as well as ordinances zoning or rezoning property. San Antonio Charter, Art. IV, Sec. 34-44 Dallas: Population as of the July 2011 census update: 1,223,229. Dallas is a charter city. Signature requirement is 10% of the qualified voters of the city as appears from the latest available county voter registration list. A committee of at least five registered voters of the city must make application to the city secretary and file an intention to circulate a petition, giving the date and the proposed ordinance to be circulated. The petition must comply in form, content, and procedure with the provisions of Dallas Charter Chap. IV, Section 12. Petitions must be filed with the city secretary 60 days from initial application. After certification, the council has 20 days to pass the ordinance or promptly call a special election. Dallas Charter, Chap. XVIII, Sec. 11 to 14; Chap. IV, Sec. 12 Austin: Population as of the July 2011 census update: 820,611. Austin is a charter city. Signature requirement 5 percent of registered voters of the city or 20,000, whichever is less. Petition form requirements are in Austin Charter, Art. IV, Sec. 3. File petitions with the city clerk. After certification, the council has 10 days to pass or submit without amendment to a vote of the qualified voters of the city at a regular or special election to be held on the next allowable election date authorized by state law after the certification to the council. Charter specifies that cannot use initiative for ordinances appropriating money or authorizing the levy of taxes. Austin Charter, Art. IV Fort Worth: Population as of the July 2011 census update: 758,738. Fort Worth is a charter city. Signature requirement is 20% of the total number of registered voters as shown by the registration books. Petition form requirements are in Fort Worth Charter, Art. XX, Sec. 2, including listing 5 registered voters as petitioners committee. File petitions with city secretary. After certification, the council has 30 days to pass the ordinance or submit at the next election occurring in the city; provided, that the city council shall, if in their judgment the public interests demand it, order an election to be held at an earlier date to be fixed by the council. Fort Worth Charter, Art. XX El Paso: Population as of the July 2011 census update: 665,568. El Paso is a charter city. El Paso has a two-step process to place an initiated ordinance on the ballot. To have an ordinance considered by the city council requires a petition with signatures of 5% of the voters who voted in the last general city election. File petitions with the city clerk. The council must consider the proposal within 30 days. If the ordinance is not enacted, or is enacted in amended form, then a second petition with signatures of 5% of voters who voted in last general city election may again be filed with the clerk, at which point the reproposed ordinance shall be placed on the ballot at the next general election specified in state law. El Paso Charter, Art. 3, Sec. 3.11 Arlington: Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 373,698. Neither the Arlington charter nor city code contains provisions for initiative of ordinances. Charter amendments may be proposed by petition under state law (Provided above). Arlington Charter Corpus Christi: Population as of the July 2011 census update: 307,953. Corpus Christi is a charter city. Corpus Christi has a two-step process to place an initiated ordinance on the ballot. Any 50 registered voters may commence initiative proceedings by filing with the city secretary a statement that they intend to circulate petitions calling for an initiative. Required content is detailed in the charter, Art. 1, Sec. 4. The council considers the proposal at this stage. If the council fails to adopt the proposed ordinance in 45 days, the secretary furnishes petitions for circulation. Petitions must then be signed by 5% of the registered voters of the city. After certification, if the council has not adopted the ordinance, the council shall submit the ordinance at the next regular city council elections. Charter specifies that initiative shall not extend to specific items contained in the operating or capital budgets of the city, contracts, appropriations already made, the levy of taxes or the individual salaries of city officials or employees. Corpus Christi Charter, Art. I, Sec. 4 Plano: Population as of the July 2011 census update: 269,776. Plano is a charter city. Signature requirement is 20% of the number of votes cast at the last regular municipal election of the city, or 150, whichever is greater. Petition form requirements are detailed in the charter, Art. 7, Sec. 7.02. File petitions with city secretary. After certification, the council has 10 days to adopt or call a special election in accordance with the Election Code. Plano Charter, Art. 7 Laredo:Population as of the July 2011 census update: 241,935. Laredo is a charter city. Signature requirement is 10% of the electors qualified to vote at the time of the last regular municipal election. Petition form requirements are detailed in the charter, Art. XI, Sec. 11.11. File petitions with city secretary. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt or shall be submitted to the electors at the next special or regular municipal election. Laredo Charter, Art. 11, Sec. 11.09-11.19

Utah

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Utah

The top 10 most populated cities are all subject to the state set initiative process.

Vermont

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Vermont

Some cities, villages, and towns authorize initiative for ordinances in their respective municipal charters. Out of the top 10 most populous cities and villages in Vermont, individual provisions for initiative of ordinances were only found in South Burlington, Essex Junction, and Winooski.

Individual city provisions   South Burlington Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 18,017 Charter city In the South Burlington Charter there are additional provisions for initiative powers regarding city ordinances. The signature requirement is 10% of the number of votes cast in the last municipal election. Petition content requirements are in South Burlington Charter, Sec. 506. Petitions should be filed with the city clerk. After certification and review of the text by the city attorney, the council shall call a special city meeting to be held within 45 days of the date of such filing, unless prior to such meeting such ordinance shall be enacted by the council. To be enacted, the proposed ordinance must receive an affirmative vote from electors not less in number than 10% of the number of votes cast in the last municipal election and constituting a majority of those voting thereon. Restrictions: The initiative power shall not apply to any appointments of officers, members of commissions, or boards made by the council or to the appointment of designation or councilmen, or to rules governing the procedure of the council. South Burlington City Charter, Sec. 506 Essex Junction Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 9,331 Charter city In the Essex Junction Charter there are additional provisions for initiative powers regarding city ordinances. The signature requirement is 5% of the voters registered to vote at the last regular village election. Petition content requirements are in Essex Junction Charter, Sec. 9.02. After certification, if the Board of Trustees fails to adopt an ordinance so proposed without any change in substance, then voters may adopt or reject it at a village meeting. Restrictions: The initiative power shall not extend to the budget or capital program or any ordinance relating to appropriation of money, levy of taxes or salaries of Village officers or employees. Essex Junction Village Charter, Art. IX Winooski Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 7,312 Charter city In the Winooski Charter there are additional provisions for initiative powers regarding city ordinances. Any 5 qualified voters may commence initiative proceedings by filing with the city clerk an affidavit stating that they will constitute the petitioners' committee, with other required content in Charter Sec. 8.02. After filing the affidavit, the city clerk shall issue the appropriate petition blanks to the petitioners' committee. Petition content requirements are in Charter Sec. 8.03. The signature requirement is 100 legal voters of the city. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt or shall submit at a regular or special city election held not less than 30 days and not later than one year from the date of the final council vote thereon. Majority vote passes the proposed ordinance. Restrictions: The initiative power shall not extend to the budget or capital improvements program or any ordinance relating to appropriation of money, levy of taxes or salaries of city offices or employees. Winooski City Charter, Sec. 8.01 to 8.07

Virginia

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Virginia

Initiative is available in three of the top 10 most populated cities in Virginia.

Individual city provisions   Virginia Beach Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 442,707 Charter city There is no initiative process. Norfolk Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 242,628 Charter city Norfolk City code provides for initiative and referendum powers for city ordinances. An initiative petition requires signatures equaling 10 percent of electors who cast their votes in the preceding regular municipal election for council members. A referendum petition requires signatures equaling 25 percent of these electors but not fewer than 4,000. Circulators of the petition have 120 days to gather signatures and must get approval of the form, content and language of the petition from the city attorney. If a petition for an ordinance meets the 10 percent minimum signature requirement, the ordinance goes to the legislature. If the legislature fails to pass the ordinance, a second petition requiring signatures equaling 25 percent of electors but not fewer than 4,000 must be successfully filed to put the ordinance onto the ballot. Norfold City Code Chesapeake Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 225,050 Charter city There is no initiative process. Richmond Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 205,533 Charter city There is no initiative process. Newport News Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 179,611 Charter city There is no initiative process. Alexandria Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 144,301 Charter city There is no initiative process. Hampton Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 136,401 Charter city Hampton, like Norfolk, provides for initiative and referendum powers for city ordinances in its municipal code. An initiative petition requires signatures equaling 10 percent of electors who cast their votes in the preceding regular municipal election for council members. A referendum petition requires signatures equaling 25 percent of these electors but not fewer than 4,000. Circulators of the petition have 120 days to gather signatures and must get approval of the form, content and language of the petition from the city attorney. If a petition for an ordinance meets the 10 percent minimum signature requirement, the ordinance goes to the legislature. If the legislature fails to pass the ordinance, a second petition requiring signatures equaling 25 percent of electors but not fewer than 4,000 must be successfully filed to put the ordinance onto the ballot. Hampton City Code Roanoke Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 96,714 Charter city There is no initiative process. Portsmouth Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 95,684 Charter city Portsmouth city law requires signatures equalling 30% of electors in the city voting for governor in the last gubernatorial election for a successful petition for an ordinance initiative. The petition must be filed within thirty days after the first signature is gathered and the form and information of the petition is determined partially by city code and partially by the city attorney. If the petition is successful it goes to the legislature for passage. If it is not passed without alteration within 60 days it goes to the ballot for decision by the voters. Portsmouth City Code Suffolk Population as of the July, 2011 census update: 84,930 Charter city There is no initiative process.

Washington

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Washington

Initiative is available in the top 10 most populated cities in Washington. Six are first-class charter cities that have authorized initiative for ordinances by charter. The other four are code cities which have opted to permit the initiative process as provided by statute.

Individual city provisions   Seattle: Seattle is a first class charter city and, according to the July 2011 Census update, possesses a population of 620,778. Signature requirement is 10% of the total number of votes cast for the office of Mayor at the last preceding municipal election; 20% to force a special election. Prior to circulation for signatures, such petition shall be filed with the city clerk in the form prescribed by ordinance, and by such officer assigned a serial number, dated, and approved or rejected as to form. The petition form requirements are in Seattle Municipal Code, 2.08.010 to .040. Petitions must be filed with the clerk within 180 days of form approval. After certification, the council has 45 days to adopt or shall submit at the next regularly scheduled election, irrespective of whether it is a state or municipal election or a primary or general election; but the city council may in its discretion designate submission be at a general election rather than a primary or call an earlier special election. If signatures equal 20% a special election shall be called within 60 days. Seattle Charter, Art. VI, Sec. 1 Seattle Code, Title 2 Spokane: Spokane is a first class charter city and, according to the July 2011 Census update, possesses a population of 210,103. Signature requirement is 5% of the total number of votes cast at the last preceding general municipal election for the council to pass or submit at the next general municipal election; 15% for the council to pass or submit at next available special or general election. Prior to circulation, file the proposed petition with the city clerk. The city attorney reviews the form and text and writes a summary statement and ballot title. The city clerk assigns an initiative number. Signed petitions must be filed with the city clerk within 365 days after the approval by the city council of the ballot title and summary of the measure. The council may adopt or shall submit to special or general election depending on signature percentage. Spokane Charter, Art. IX Spokane Code, Chap. 02.02 Tacoma: Tacoma is a first class charter city and, according to the July 2011 Census update, possesses a population of 200,678. Signature requirement is 10% of the votes cast in the last Mayoral election. Prior to circulation, file the proposed petition with the city clerk. The city attorney reviews the form and text and writes a summary statement and ballot title. The city clerk assigns an initiative number. Petitioners have 180 days to collect signatures. File complete petitions with the city clerk. After certification, the council has 30 days to adopt or submit at the next municipal or general election not less than 90 days from certification. Ordinances adopted by initiative may not be amended or repealed for 2 years without voter approval. Tacoma Charter, Sec. 2.18 to 2.25 Vancouver: Vancouver is a first class charter city and, according to the July 2011 Census update, possesses a population of 164,759. Signature requirement is 15% of the number of votes cast at the last preceding municipal general election. Petitions shall be in a form prescribed by the city clerk, and may be approved in advance as to form by the city attorney. Some form requirements are in Vancouver Charter, Art. X, Sec. 10.03, including a circulator affidavit and 5 voters designated as the petitioners committee. After certification, the council may adopt the ordinance or submit at the next municipal general election provided such election shall occur 60 days or more after the city council takes its final vote thereon. The city council may provide for a special election if, in its judgment, an emergency exists. If the city council passes a proposed initiative ordinance in a different form, it shall likewise submit the proposed ordinance in its original form, if, and only if, an additional petition signed by not less than 5% of the number of votes cast at the last regular city election, requesting such submission, shall be circulated, signed, and filed in the same manner as the original petition and within 10 days of the date of adoption of the amended ordinance. Restrictions: Initiative is not available for an ordinance appropriating money, authorizing the levy of taxes, or any subject where such action is contrary to the general laws of the state of Washington. Vancouver Charter, Art. X Everett: Everett is a first class charter city and, according to the July 2011 Census update, possesses a population of 104,295. Signature requirement is 5% of the total number of votes cast at the last preceding regular municipal election for council to pass or submit at the next regular municipal election; 15% for council to pass or submit at a special election within 45 days or regular election if within 60 days. There is no pre-approval process required in the city charter or code. Unless seeking a special election, petitions must be filed with the city clerk at least 45 days before the date of a regular election. After certification, the council may adopt or submit at a special or regular municipal election depending on signature percentages. (Everett Charter, Art. XI, Sec. 11.2) Everett Charter, Art. XI Yakima: Yakima is a first class charter city and, according to the July 2011 Census update, possesses a population of 92,512. Signature requirement is 20% of the total number of votes cast at the last preceding general city election. There is no pre-approval process required in the city charter or code. File petitions with the city clerk. After certification, the council has 20 days to adopt or submit at a regular election if within 30-90 days, otherwise shall call first available special election in accordance with state law. Yakima Charter, Art. IV Bellevue: Bellevue operates under the optional municipal code as non-chartered code city and, according to the July 2011 Census update, possesses a population of 124,798. The city permits initiative for ordinances, with the requirements set by state law as provided above (Initiative process features, Code cities). Kent: Kent operates under the optional municipal code as non-chartered code city and, according to the July 2011 Census update, possesses a population of 120,916. The city permits initiative for ordinances, with the requirements set by state law as provided above (Initiative process features, Code cities). Renton: Renton operates under the optional municipal code as non-chartered code city and, according to the July 2011 Census update, possesses a population of 92,812. The city permits initiative for ordinances, with the requirements set by state law as provided above (Initiative process features, Code cities). Federal Way: Federal Way operates under the optional municipal code as non-chartered code city and, according to the July 2011 Census update, possesses a population of 91,085. The city permits initiative for ordinances, with the requirements set by state law as provided above (Initiative process features, Code cities).

West Virginia

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in West Virginia

The top 10 most populated cities in West Virginia are all governed under a charter. Initiative is available for charter amendments. In addition, five of the cities below have authorized initiative for ordinances. Provisions below come from the specific city charter. Click on the links to view the full initiative requirements.

Individual city provisions   Charleston Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 51,177. As a charter city, the process for changing the charter is mandated by the state and is found in state law and is laid out above. The process for initiating ordinances; however, is found here and is contained in the city charter. Signature requirement is 10% of the number of votes cast for the office of mayor at the last preceding municipal election. Petition content requirements are in Charleston Charter, Sec. 92. After certification, the council has 30 days to adopt or shall submit at the next regular municipal election which is to be held not less than 60 days after such petition is filed. If signed by 15%, a special election is possible. Majority vote passes the ordinance. No ordinance or amendment to an ordinance adopted by the voters at any such election shall be repealed or amended by the city council. Charleston Charter, Sec. 89 and 92 Huntington Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 49,253. While it is a charter city, the charter could not be found online. The details for the charter amendment process are given above in the charter amendment process section. Update to come. Parkersburg Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 31,557. As a charter city, the process for changing the charter is mandated by the state and is found in state law and is laid out above. The process for initiating ordinances; however, is found here and is contained in the city charter.Signature requirement is 15% of the total number of qualified voters registered to vote at the last regular city election. Petition content requirements are in Parkersburg Charter, Sec. 8.02, 8.03. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt or shall submit at a regular or special election not less than 30 days and not later than one year from the date of the final council vote thereon. Majority vote passes the ordinance. Restrictions: Initiative shall not extend to the budget or capital program or any ordinance relating to appropriation of money, levy of taxes or salaries of City officers or employees. Parkersburg Charter, Art. VIII Morgantown Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 30,293. As a charter city, the process for changing the charter is mandated by the state and is found in state law and is laid out above. The process for initiating ordinances; however, is found here and is contained in the city charter.Signature requirement is 10% of the total number of qualified voters registered to vote at the last regular city election. Any 5 qualified voters may commence initiative proceedings by filing with the city clerk an affidavit stating that they will constitute the petitioners' committee, with other required content in Morgantown Charter, Sec. 8.02. The clerk then issues blank petitions, with content requirements in Sec. 8.03. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt or shall submit at a regular or special election not less than 30 days and not later than one year from the date of the final council vote thereon. Majority vote passes the ordinance. Restrictions: Initiative shall not extend to the budget or capital program or any ordinance relating to appropriation of money, levy of taxes or salaries of City officers or employees. Morgantown Charter, Art. VIII Wheeling Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 28,355. As a charter city, the process for changing the charter is mandated by the state and is found in state law and is laid out above. The process for initiating ordinances; however, is found here and is contained in the city charter. Signature requirement is 10% of the qualified voters of the city. Petition content requirements are in Wheeling Charter, Sec. 17 and 81. After certification, the council has 20 days to adopt or shall call a special election, unless a general election is to be held within 90 days thereafter. Majority vote passes the ordinance. Any ordinance proposed by petition, or which has been adopted by a vote of the people, shall not be repealed or amended except by a majority vote of the people. Wheeling Charter, Sec. 17 and 81 Weirton Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 19,651. The city charter does not authorize initiative for ordinances. Charter amendment by initiative is available as provided above in the . Fairmont Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 18,764. As a charter city, the process for changing the charter is mandated by the state and is found in state law and is laid out above. The process for initiating ordinances; however, is found here and is contained in the city charter.Signature requirement is 15% of the total number of qualified voters registered to vote at the last regular city election. Any 5 qualified voters may commence initiative proceedings by filing with the city clerk an affidavit stating that they will constitute the petitioners' committee, with other required content in Fairmont Charter, Sec. 8.02. The clerk then issues blank petitions, with content requirements in Sec. 8.03. After certification, the council has 60 days to adopt or shall submit at a regular or special election not less than 30 days and not later than one year from the date of the final council vote thereon. Majority vote passes the ordinance. Restrictions: Initiative shall not extend to the budget or capital program or any ordinance relating to appropriation of money, levy of taxes or salaries of City officers or employees. Fairmont Charter, Art. VIII Beckley Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 17,675. Beckley is a charter city and does not authorize initiative for ordinances. Charter amendment by initiative available as provided above. Martinsburg Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 17,487. Martinsburg is a charter city and does not authorize initiative for ordinances. Charter amendment by initiative available as provided above. Clarksburg Population according to the July, 2011 census update: 16,649. Clarksburg is a charter city and does not authorize initiative for ordinances. Charter amendment by initiative available as provided above.

Wisconsin

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Wisconsin

The top 10 most populated cities are all subject to the state set initiative process.

Wyoming

See also: Laws governing local ballot measures in Wyoming

There are no local units of government in Wyoming that make the initiative process available.

See also

• Laws governing local ballot measures

External links

• Spreadsheet of cities with I&R

Footnotes

Laws governing ballot measures in the United States

Laws governing ballot measures

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Changes to laws governing ballot measures

Types of ballot measures

Citizen-initiated ballot measures • Legislatively referred ballot measures • Automatically referred ballot measures • Commission-referred ballot measures • Convention-referred constitutional amendments

Ballot measure policy terms

Glossary of ballot measure policy terms