Historical public education information in Mississippi, 2011-2015

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Education policy in the U.S.

Public education in the U.S.

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Higher education in the U.S.

Glossary of education terms

Education statistics

This page contains archived information on Mississippi's public education system, primarily from 2011-2012, but also from other years due to the availability of data at the time it was written. For more recent information, view Mississippi's public education page.

The Mississippi public school system (prekindergarten through grade 12) operates within districts governed by locally elected school boards and superintendents. In 2012 Mississippi had 490,619 students enrolled in a total of 1,069 schools in 163 school districts. There were 32,007 teachers in the public schools, or roughly one teacher for every 15 students, compared to the national average of 1:16. There was roughly one administrator for every 251 students, compared to the national average of one administrator for every 295 students. On average Mississippi spent $7,928 per pupil in 2011, which ranked it 47th highest in the nation. The state's graduation rate was 75 percent in 2012.

State agencies

See also: Mississippi State Board of Education

The mission statement of the Mississippi State Board of Education reads:

“

To provide leadership through the development of policy and accountability systems so that all students are prepared to compete in the global community.

”

The Mississippi Department of Education is responsible for "implementing state and federal education laws, disbursing state and federal funds, holding schools and districts accountable for performance and licensing all educators."

The Department of Education is led by the Superintendent of Education. The Superintendent of Education is appointed by the State Board of Education. The officeholder was Carey Wright as of 2014.

The State Board of Education is composed of nine members. The Governor appoints the following members:

• One member from the state's Northern Supreme Court District
• One member from the state's Central Supreme Court District
• One member from the state's Southern Supreme Court District
• One member who is a school administrator
• One member is a public school teacher

The Lieutenant Governor appoints two at-large members and the Speaker of the House appoints two at-large members.

Regional comparison

See also: General comparison table for education statistics in the 50 states and Education spending per pupil in all 50 states

The following chart shows how Mississippi compared to three neighboring states with respect to number of students, schools, the number of teachers per pupil, and the number of administrators per pupil during the 2011-2012 school year. Further comparisons between these states with respect to performance and financial information are given in other sections of this page.

Regional comparison, 2011-2012
State	Schools	Districts	Students	Teachers	Teacher/pupil ratio	Administrator/pupil ratio	Per pupil spending
Mississippi	1,069	163	490,619	32,007	1:15.3	1:251	$7,928
Alabama	1,618	170	744,621	47,723	1:15.6	1:293.5	$8,813
Arkansas	1,108	289	483,114	33,983	1:14.2	1:271.3	$9,353
Louisiana	1,437	132	703,390	48,657	1:14.5	1:244.3	$10,723
United States	98,328	17,992	49,521,669	3,103,263	1:16	1:295.2	$10,994
Sources: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "State Nonfiscal Public Elementary/Secondary Education Survey", 2011-12 v.1a. National Center for Education Statistics, Table 2. Number of operating public schools and districts, state enrollment, teacher and pupil/teacher ratio by state: School year 2011–12 U.S. Census Bureau, "Public Education Finances: 2011,Governments Division Reports," issued May 2013

Demographics

See also: Demographic information for all students in all 50 states

The following table displays the ethnic distribution of students in Mississippi as reported in the National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data for 2011-2012.

Demographic information for Mississippi's K-12 public school system
Ethnicity	Students	State percentage	United States percentage**
American Indian	958	0.20%	1.10%
Asian	4,666	0.95%	4.68%
African American	243,438	49.62%	15.68%
Hawaiian Nat./Pacific Isl.	162	0.03%	0.42%
Hispanic	12,609	2.57%	24.37%
White	225,743	46.01%	51.21%
Two or more	3,043	0.62%	2.54%
**Note: This is the percentage of all students in the United States that are reported to be of this ethnicity.

Enrollments by region type

See also: Student distribution by region type in the U.S.

During the 2011-2012 school year a majority of students in Mississippi attended rural schools. Approximately 81 percent of the state's students attended rural or town schools, compared to the approximately 19 percent who attended city or suburban schools.

Student distribution by region type, 2011 - 2012 (as percents)
State	City schools	Suburban schools	Town schools	Rural schools
Mississippi	10%	8.9%	28.9%	52.2%
Alabama	20.6%	16.9%	14.4%	48%
Arkansas	25.8%	9.6%	20.3%	44.3%
Louisiana	20.7%	24.5%	19.6%	35.2%
U.S. average	28.9%	34%	11.6%	25.4%
Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD)

Academic performance

Education terms
For more information on education policy terms, see this article.
School board elections portal Glossary of education terms School choice on the ballot Education on the ballot

NAEP scores

See also: NAEP scores by state

The National Center for Education Statistics provides state-by-state data on student achievement levels in mathematics and reading in the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Compared to three neighboring states (Alabama, Arkansas, and Louisiana), Mississippi had the smallest share of fourth and eighth grade students who scored at or above proficient in reading and math during the 2012-2013 school year.

Percent of students scoring at or above proficient, 2012-2013
	Math - Grade 4	Math - Grade 8	Reading - Grade 4	Reading - Grade 8
Mississippi	26%	21%	21%	20%
Alabama	38%	20%	31%	25%
Arkansas	39%	28%	32%	30%
Louisiana	26%	21%	23%	24%
U.S. average	41%	34%	34%	34%
Source: United States Department of Education, ED Data Express, "State Tables," accessed May 13, 2014

Graduation, ACT and SAT scores

See also: Graduation rates by groups in state

See also: ACT and SAT scores in the U.S.

The following table shows the graduation rates and average composite ACT and SAT scores for Mississippi and surrounding states for 2012 and 2013.

Comparison table for graduation rates and test scores*
State	Graduation rate, 2012		Average ACT composite, 2012		Average SAT composite, 2013
	Percent	Quintile ranking**	Score	Participation rate	Score	Participation rate
Mississippi	75%	Fourth	18.7	100%	1,673	3%
Alabama	75%	Fourth	20.3	86%	1,608	7%
Arkansas	84%	Second	20.3	88%	1,697	4%
Louisiana	72%	Fourth	20.3	100%	1,655	5%
U.S. average	80%		21.1		1,498
*Regulatory Adjusted Cohort Rate (except for Idaho, Kentucky, Oklahoma, which did not report “Regulatory Adjusted Cohort Graduation Rate,” but instead used their own method of calculation). **Graduation rates for states in the first quintile ranked in the top 20 percent nationally. Similarly, graduation rates for states in the fifth quintile ranked in the bottom 20 percent nationally. Source: United States Department of Education, ED Data Express

Dropout rate

See also: Public high school dropout rates by state for a full comparison of dropout rates by group in all states

The high school event dropout rate indicates the proportion of students who were enrolled at some time during the school year and were expected to be enrolled in grades 9–12 in the following school year but were not enrolled by October 1 of the following school year. Students who have graduated, transferred to another school, died, moved to another country, or who are out of school due to illness are not considered dropouts. The average public high school event dropout rate for the United States remained constant at 3.3 percent for both school year 2010–2011 and school year 2011–2012. The event dropout rate for Mississippi was lower than the national average at 3.2 percent in the 2010-2011 school year, and 3.2 percent in the 2011-2012 school year.

Educational choice options

See also: School choice in Mississippi

As of June 2015, school choice options in Mississippi included: charter schools, school vouchers, an inter-district open enrollment policy and online learning programs. In addition, about 9.26 percent of school-age children in the state attended private schools in the 2011-2012 academic year, and an estimated 2.67 percent were homeschooled in 2012-2013.

Education funding and expenditures

See also: Mississippi state budget and finances

Breakdown of expenditures by function in fiscal year 2012
Source: National Association of State Budget Officers

According to the National Association of State Budget Officers (NASBO), Mississippi spent approximately 16.9 percent of its fiscal year 2012 budget on elementary and secondary education. As a share of the budget, this was down 3.40 percentage points, or 16.7 percent, from fiscal year 2008, when the state spent 20.3 percent of its budget on elementary and secondary education.

Comparison of financial figures for school systems
State	Percent of budget (2012)	Per pupil spending (2011)	Revenue sources (2011)
			Percent federal funds	Percent state funds	Percent local funds
Mississippi	16.9%	$7,928	22.33%	45.95%	31.72%
Alabama	20.9%	$8,813	14.6%	53.77%	31.63%
Arkansas	16.3%	$9,353	16.02%	51.2%	32.77%
Louisiana	18.4%	$10,723	19.11%	41.43%	39.46%
Sources: NASBO, "State Expenditure Report," Table 8: Elementary and Secondary Education Expenditures As a Percent of Total Expenditures U.S. Census Bureau, "Public Education Finances: 2011,Governments Division Reports," issued May 2013

Revenue breakdowns

See also: Public school system revenues in the U.S.

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, public school system revenues in Mississippi totaled approximately $4.5 billion in fiscal year 2011. The table below presents further detail, including revenue sources, for Mississippi and surrounding states.

Revenues by source, fiscal year 2011 (amounts in thousands)
	Federal revenue	State revenue	Local revenue	Total revenue
Mississippi	$1,006,465	$2,071,467	$1,429,770	$4,507,702
Alabama	$1,077,070	$3,965,614	$2,332,472	$7,375,156
Arkansas	$834,685	$2,667,090	$1,707,234	$5,209,009
Louisiana	$1,570,393	$3,404,656	$3,242,171	$8,217,220
U.S. total	$74,943,767	$267,762,416	$264,550,594	$607,256,777
Source: National Center for Education Statistics

Expenditure breakdowns

See also: Public school system expenditures in the United States

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, public school system expenditures in Mississippi totaled approximately $4.3 billion in fiscal year 2011. The table below presents further detail, including expenditure types, for Mississippi and surrounding states.

Expenditures by type, fiscal year 2011 (amounts in thousands)
	General expenditures**	Capital outlay	Other***	Total expenditures
Mississippi	$3,888,831	$368,906	$88,046	$4,345,783
Alabama	$6,582,496	$564,183	$255,905	$7,402,584
Arkansas	$4,495,309	$607,962	$578,992	$5,682,263
Louisiana	$7,440,499	$812,768	$149,430	$8,402,697
U.S. total	$520,577,893	$52,984,139	$29,581,293	$603,143,325
**Funds spent operating local public schools and local education agencies, including such expenses as salaries for school personnel, student transportation, school books and materials, and energy costs, but excluding capital outlay, interest on school debt, payments to private schools, and payments to public charter schools. ***Includes payments to state and local governments, payments to private schools, interest on school system indebtedness, and nonelementary-secondary expenditures, such as adult education and community services expenditures. Source: National Center for Education Statistics

Personnel salaries

See also: Public school teacher salaries in the United States

Note: Salaries given are averages for the state. Salaries may vary between a state's urban, suburban, and rural districts and should be adjusted for cost of living. For example, a MacIver Institute study of average teacher salaries in 60 metropolitan areas found that salaries in New York City were the third-highest in absolute figures but 59th-highest when adjusted for the cost of living.

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the average national salary for classroom teachers in public elementary and secondary schools declined by 1.3 percent from the 1999-2000 school year to the 2012-2013 school year. During the same period in Mississippi, the average salary decreased by 3.5 percent.

Estimated average salaries for teachers (in constant dollars**)
	1999-2000	2009-2010	2011-2012	2012-2013	Percent difference
Mississippi	$43,535	$48,722	$42,339	$41,994	-3.5%
Alabama	$50,139	$50,779	$48,802	$47,949	-4.4%
Arkansas	$45,625	$49,850	$47,085	$46,632	2.2%
Louisiana	$45,246	$52,201	$51,014	$51,381	13.6%
U.S. average	$57,133	$58,925	$56,340	$56,383	-1.3%
**"Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI), prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis. The CPI does not account for differences in inflation rates from state to state."

Organizations

Unions

In 2012 the Fordham Institute and Education Reform Now assessed the power and influence of state teacher unions in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Their rankings were based on 37 different variables in five broad areas, including: resources and membership, involvement in politics, scope of bargaining, state policies and perceived influence. Mississippi ranked 46th overall, or "weakest," which was in the fifth of five tiers.

The main union related to the Mississippi school system is the Mississippi Association of Educators (MAE). According to reports, MAE had a total revenue of $1,639,194 during the 2003 tax period. Another statewide union is AFT Mississippi. A local school union in Mississippi is AFT Biloxi, which had in 2003 total revenues of $343,958.

Government sector lobbying

See also: Mississippi government sector lobbying

The main education government sector lobbying organization is the Mississippi School Boards Association.

Transparency

The Mississippi Accountability and Transparency Act (2008) mandated the creation of a spending transparency website, which can be accessed here. The state has also launched the Management and Reporting System. This site provides information pertaining to the state budget, state property, revenues, vendors, and state employees.

Studies and reports

State Budget Solutions education study

See also: State spending on education v. academic performance (2012)

State Budget Solutions examined national trends in education from 2009 to 2011, including state-by-state analysis of education spending, graduation rates and average ACT scores. The study showed that the states that spent the most did not have the highest average ACT test scores, nor did they have the highest average graduation rates. A summary of the study is available here. The full report can be accessed here.

See also

• Public education in Mississippi
• Mississippi
• Education Policy in the U.S.