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Presidential election in Ohio, 2020

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Ohio
2020 presidential election

Democratic primary: April 28, 2020
Democratic winner: Joe Biden

Republican primary: April 28, 2020
Republican winner: Donald Trump (R)

Electoral College: 18 votes
2020 winner:Donald Trump
2016 winner: Donald Trump (R)
2012 winner: Barack Obama (D)

Presidential election by state, 2020

President Donald Trump (R) won the presidential election in Ohio on November 3, 2020. Former Vice President Joe Biden (D) won the presidential election with 306 electoral votes to Trump's 232 electoral votes.

Biden won the Ohio Democratic primary on April 28, 2020. The primary had originally been scheduled for March 17, but Ohio Gov. Mike DeWine (R) announced that polls would be closed by order of the state Department of Health in response to the coronavirus outbreak. The state legislature subsequently passed a bill, which DeWine signed into law, rescheduling the primary for April 28.[1][2] Trump was uncontested on the Republican primary ballot. For additional information, see here.

In elections leading up to 2020, Ohio has been competitive; every winning presidential candidate between 1960 and 2016 carried Ohio. It is the only state other than Florida to be carried by every winning presidential candidate between 2000 and 2016. However, some political analysts argued that the state was likely to be less competitive in 2020. "As long as Trump is on the ballot in 2020, we should expect Ohio to be more Republican than the national average," according to Kyle Kondik, author of The Bellwether: Why Ohio Picks the President.[3]

Democratic Party of Ohio Chairman David Pepper argued the state could still be a 2020 battleground, saying, "Ten years ago, the suburbs and counties near bigger cities such as those around Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati traditionally voted Republican...Overall, the gains in the suburbs is bigger than the rural counties where we’ve lost voters."[4]

Between 1900 and 2016, the Republican presidential candidate carried Ohio in 60% of elections and the Democratic candidate in 40%.

In the 2016 election, Trump carried Ohio with 51.7% of the vote to Hillary Clinton's (D) 43.6%.

This page includes the following sections:

Candidates and election results

General election


Presidential election in Ohio, 2020
 
Candidate/Running mate
%
Popular votes
Electoral votes
✔
Image of
Image of
Donald Trump/Mike Pence (R)
 
53.3
 
3,154,834 18
Image of
Image of
Joe Biden/Kamala D. Harris (D)
 
45.2
 
2,679,165 0
Image of
Image of
Jo Jorgensen/Spike Cohen (L)
 
1.1
 
67,569 0
Image of
Image of
Howie Hawkins/Angela Nicole Walker (G)
 
0.3
 
18,812 0
Image of
Image of
Brian T. Carroll/Amar Patel (Unaffiliated) (Write-in)
 
0.0
 
1,450 0
Image of
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Jade Simmons/Claudeliah Roze (Unaffiliated) (Write-in)
 
0.0
 
212 0
Image of
Image of
Tom Hoefling/Andy Prior (Unaffiliated)
 
0.0
 
114 0
Image of
Image of
Dario David Hunter/Dawn Neptune Adams (Unaffiliated) (Write-in)
 
0.0
 
27 0
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Kasey Wells/Rachel Wells (Unaffiliated) (Write-in)
 
0.0
 
16 0
Image of
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
President Boddie/Eric Stoneham (Unaffiliated)
 
0.0
 
3 0

Incumbents are bolded and underlined The results have been certified.

Total votes: 5,922,202



Primary election

Ohio Democratic presidential primary on April 28, 2020
 
Candidate
%
Votes
Pledged delegates
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Official_portrait_of_Vice_President_Joe_Biden.jpg
Joe Biden
 
72.4
 
647,284 115
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Bernie_Sanders.jpg
Bernie Sanders
 
16.7
 
149,683 21
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Elizabeth_Warren--Official_113th_Congressional_Portrait--.jpg
Elizabeth Warren
 
3.5
 
30,985 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/400px-Mike_Bloomberg_Headshot.jpg
Michael Bloomberg
 
3.2
 
28,704 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/150px-Pete_buttigieg.jpg
Pete Buttigieg
 
1.7
 
15,113 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Amy_Klobuchar.jpg
Amy Klobuchar
 
1.3
 
11,899 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/TulsiGabbardReplace.jpg
Tulsi Gabbard
 
0.5
 
4,560 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Tom_Steyer.jpg
Thomas Steyer
 
0.3
 
2,801 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Michael_Bennet.jpg
Michael Bennet
 
0.2
 
2,030 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Deval_Patrick.jpg
Deval Patrick
 
0.1
 
822 0

 Source

Total votes: 893,881 • Total pledged delegates: 136


Ohio Republican presidential primary on April 28, 2020
 
Candidate
%
Votes
Pledged delegates
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/473px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Donald_Trump.jpg
Donald Trump
 
100
 
713,546 82

 Source

Total votes: 713,546 • Total pledged delegates: 82


Polls in Ohio

Pivot Counties in Ohio

See also: Election results, 2020: Pivot Counties' margins of victory analysis

Pivot Counties are the 206 counties nationwide Ballotpedia identified as having voted for Barack Obama (D) in the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections and Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Media and political observers sometimes refer to these counties as swing counties.

Ballotpedia defines Pivot Counties Trump won in 2020 as Retained Pivot Counties and those Joe Biden (D) won as Boomerang Pivot Counties.

Trump won 181 Retained Pivot Counties across 32 states to Biden's 25 Boomerang Pivot Counties across 16 states. Trump's median margin of victory was 13.2 percentage points in those 181 counties, while Biden's median margin of victory was 3.4 percentage points among the 25 he won.[5][6]

In 2020, Ohio had eight Retained Pivot Counties, one Boomerang Pivot County, six Solid Democratic counties, 71 Solid Republican counties, and two counties with a different voting pattern.

Trump received 53.2% of the vote to Biden's 45.2%. Both candidates received a larger share of the vote compared to 2016 with a 1.9 percentage point increase for Trump and a 2.0 point increase for Biden, narrowing Trump's margin by 0.1 percentage points compared to 2016.

Trump's largest margin change was 3.8 percentage points in the two counties with voting patterns different from Solid and Pivot Counties: Lorain and Mahoning. Both counties voted for Obama in 2008 and 2012 and Clinton in 2016 before flipping to Trump in 2020. Trump also expanded his margin in the six Retained Pivot Counties and Solid Republican counties by 2.5 and 0.1 percentage points, respectively.

Biden's largest margin change was 3.0 percentage points in the state's one Boomerang Pivot County: Montgomery. He also expanded his margin by 2.2 percentage points in Solid Democratic counties.

The table below compares margins in the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections. Percentages show the share of the vote received by a candidate. Margins and changes are shown as changes in percentage points. The overall winner of a given category can be found under the "2020" data. The "Percentage point change" section shows changes in vote share and in margins. Figures were calculated by combining the vote totals across all counties of a given category and may not equal 100% due to rounding. Click [show] beneath the table to view vote totals.

Ohio presidential election results by county category, 2016-2020
Year # 2016 2020 Percentage point change
Clinton Trump Third party Margin Biden Trump Third party Margin Democratic Republican Third party Margin
Retained 8 40.6% 53.6% 5.8% R+13.1 41.4% 56.9% 1.7% R+15.6 +0.8 +3.3 -4.1 R+2.5
Boomerang 1 47.0% 47.7% 5.4% R+0.7 50.2% 47.9% 1.9% D+2.3 +3.2 +0.2 -3.5 D+3.0
Solid Dem. 6 58.6% 36.1% 5.3% D+22.5 61.5% 36.8% 1.7% D+24.7 +2.9 +0.7 -3.7 D+2.2
Solid Repub. 71 29.4% 65.0% 5.6% R+35.6 31.3% 67.0% 1.6% R+35.7 +1.9 +2.0 -3.9 R+0.1
Other 2 48.5% 46.9% 4.6% D+1.5 48.1% 50.3% 1.5% R+2.2 -0.4 +3.4 -3.1 R+3.8
All 88 43.2% 51.3% 5.4% R+8.1 45.2% 53.2% 1.7% R+8.0 +2.0 +1.9 -3.8 D+0.1



Solid Republican counties made up the largest share of Trump's new votes in 2020 at 63.1% and Solid Democratic counties accounted for 44.5% of Biden's.

Retained Pivot Counties made up 10.5% of Trump's total vote and 9.0% of Biden's. The one Boomerang Pivot County accounted for 4.1% of Trump's statewide vote and 5.0% of Biden's.

The table below shows how much of a candidate's vote total came from a particular county category. Data under "New votes, 2020" shows the percentage of a candidate's new votes by county category compared to 2016 vote totals.

Percentage of votes by county category in Ohio's 2016 and 2020 presidential elections
Year # 2016 2020 New votes, 2020
Clinton Trump Biden Trump Democratic
votes		 Republican
votes
Total votes 88 2,394,164 2,841,005 2,679,165 3,154,834 +285,001 +313,829
Retained 8 9.2% 10.3% 9.0% 10.5% 6.9% 12.4%
Boomerang 1 5.1% 4.4% 5.0% 4.1% 4.6% 1.6%
Solid Dem. 6 51.2% 26.2% 50.5% 25.7% 44.5% 16.9%
Solid Repub. 71 29.3% 54.5% 30.5% 55.4% 40.9% 63.1%
Other 2 5.2% 4.2% 5.0% 4.4% 3.2% 6.1%

PredictIt market in Ohio

See also: PredictIt markets in the 2020 presidential election

What is a PredictIt market?

PredictIt is an online political futures market in which users purchase shares relating to the outcome of political events using real money. Each event, such as an election, has a number of contracts associated with it, each correlating to a different outcome. For instance, an election contested between four candidates would be represented by eight separate contracts, with each contract correlating to a particular candidate winning or losing the election.

The price of a share in each individual contract rises and falls based on market demand. Once the event's outcome is decided, holders of shares that correlate with the correct outcome receive a $1 payout for each share they held.

For example, a user buys 10 shares at 20 cents each in a presidential primary saying Candidate A will win. If Candidate A wins the election, the user earns $10. If the candidate loses, the user earns no money and loses his original $2 investment.

Why do PredictIt markets matter?

Services such as PredictIt are being used to gain insight into the likely outcome of elections. Microsoft Research economist David Rothschild argues that they are better suited to the task than polls: "I can create a poll that can mimic everything about a prediction market...except markets have a way of incentivizing you to come back at 2 a.m. and update your answer."[7][8][9]

Campaign events in Ohio

This section features clips of Biden and Trump at presidential campaign events in Ohio during the 2020 general election.

Biden in Ohio

Biden in Cleveland, November 2, 2020
Biden in Toledo, October 12, 2020
Biden in Cincinnati, October 12, 2020

Trump in Ohio

Trump in Circleville, October 24, 2020
Trump in Swanton, September 21, 2020

Government response to coronavirus pandemic in Ohio

Summary of changes to election dates and procedures

Ohio modified its absentee/mail-in voting procedures for the November 3, 2020, general election as follows:

  • Absentee/mail-in voting: Absentee ballot applications could be submitted by fax or email for the general election.

For a full timeline about election modifications made in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, click here.

Frequently asked questions

See also: Ballotpedia's 2020 Election Help Desk: Presidential election

The 2020 election took place against a backdrop of uncertainty. Our readers had questions about what to expect in elections at all levels of government, from the casting of ballots to the certification of final results. Ballotpedia's 2020 Election Help Desk was designed to answer those questions. Ballotpedia is in the process of compiling and answering frequently asked questions related to the 2020 elections. Questions related to this election will be available soon.


Additional resources

Democratic primary

See also: Democratic presidential nomination, 2020
HIGHLIGHTS
  • Ohio had an estimated 153 delegates comprised of 136 pledged delegates and 17 superdelegates. Delegate allocation was proportional.
  • The Democratic primary was open, meaning all voters were able to vote in the election.


    • Former Vice President Joe Biden (D) was formally nominated as the Democratic presidential nominee at the 2020 Democratic National Convention on August 18, 2020.[10] The convention was originally scheduled to take place July 13-16, 2020.[11] Organizers postponed the event in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

    Prior to the national convention, individual state caucuses and primaries were held to allocate convention delegates. These delegates vote at the convention to select the nominee. In 2020, a Democratic presidential candidate needed support from 1,991 delegates to secure the nomination.

    With the plurality of pledged delegates, Biden became the presumptive Democratic nominee on April 8, 2020, after Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) suspended his presidential campaign.[12] Biden crossed the delegate threshold necessary to win the nomination on June 5, 2020.[13]

    Biden announced U.S. Sen. Kamala Harris (D) as his running mate on August 11, 2020. Harris is the first Black woman to appear on a major party's ticket in the United States.[14]

    Republican primary

    See also: Republican presidential nomination, 2020
    HIGHLIGHTS
  • Ohio had an estimated 82 delegates. Delegate allocation was winner-takes-all.
  • The Republican primary was open, meaning all voters were able to vote in the election.


    • The Republican Party selected President Donald Trump as its presidential nominee at the 2020 Republican National Convention, which was held from August 24-27, 2020.[15]

    Prior to the national convention, individual state caucuses and primaries were held to allocate convention delegates. These delegates vote at the convention to select the nominee. Trump crossed the delegate threshold necessary to win the nomination—1,276 delegates—on March 17, 2020.

    George H.W. Bush (R) was the last incumbent to face a serious primary challenge, defeating political commentator Pat Buchanan in 1992. He was also the last president to lose his re-election campaign. Franklin Pierce (D) was the first and only elected president to lose his party's nomination in 1856.[16]

    Sixteen U.S. presidents—approximately one-third—have won two consecutive elections.



    Candidate filing requirements

    See also: Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Ohio

    The tables below detail filing requirements for presidential candidates in Ohio in the 2020 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Ohio, click here.

    Presidential primary candidates

    Filing requirements for presidential primary candidates in Ohio, 2020
    State Party Signatures required Signature formula Filing fee Filing fee formula Filing deadline Source
    Ohio Democratic 1,000 Fixed by statute N/A N/A 12/18/2019 Source

    Independent presidential candidates

    Filing requirements for independent candidates in Ohio, 2020
    State Signatures required Signature formula Filing fee Filing fee formula Filing deadline Source
    Ohio 5,000 Fixed by statute N/A N/A 8/5/2020 Source

    Historical election results

    2016

    General election

    U.S. presidential election, Ohio, 2016
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes Electoral votes
         Democratic Hillary Clinton/Tim Kaine 43.6% 2,394,164 0
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngDonald Trump/Mike Pence 51.7% 2,841,005 18
         Libertarian Gary Johnson/Bill Weld 3.2% 174,498 0
         Green Jill Stein/Ajamu Baraka 0.8% 46,271 0
         Other Richard Duncan/Ricky Johnson 0.4% 24,235 0
         - Other/Write-in 0.3% 16,314 0
    Total Votes 5,496,487 18
    Election results via: Federal Election Commission

    Primary election

    Ohio Democratic Primary, 2016
    Candidate Vote % Votes Delegates
    Green check mark transparent.pngHillary Clinton 56.1% 696,681 81
    Bernie Sanders 43.1% 535,395 62
    Roque De La Fuente 0.8% 9,402 0
    Totals 1,241,478 143
    Source: The New York Times and Ohio Secretary of State


    Ohio Republican Primary, 2016
    Candidate Vote % Votes Delegates
    Jeb Bush 0.3% 5,398 0
    Ben Carson 0.7% 14,351 0
    Chris Christie 0.1% 2,430 0
    Ted Cruz 13.3% 264,640 0
    Carly Fiorina 0.1% 2,112 0
    Mike Huckabee 0.2% 4,941 0
    Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Kasich 47% 933,886 66
    Marco Rubio 2.3% 46,478 0
    Rick Santorum 0.1% 1,320 0
    Donald Trump 35.9% 713,404 0
    Totals 1,988,960 66
    Source: The New York Times and Ohio Secretary of State

    2012

    Other candidates that appeared on the ballot received less than 0.1% of the vote. Those candidates included: Steward Alexander, Jill Ann Reed, and Randall Terry.[17]

    2008

    Other candidates that appeared on the ballot received less than 0.1% of the vote. Those candidates included: Richard Duncan, Brian Moore, Alan Keyes, Ron Paul, and Jonathan Allen.[18]

    Presidential statewide margins of victory of 5 percentage points or fewer, 1948-2016

    See also: Presidential statewide margins of victory of 5 percentage points or fewer, 1948-2016

    The following map shows the number of times, in presidential elections held between 1948 and 2016, that the margin of victory was 5 percentage points or fewer in each state.

    • Wisconsin was the state with the most frequently narrow margins during this time period, appearing on the list in 10 presidential elections.
    • Five states appeared eight times: Florida, Missouri, Nevada, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.
    • The state with the narrowest margin of victory was Florida in 2000 at 537 votes or one-hundredth of a percentage point.

    Historical election trends

    See also: Presidential voting history by state

    Ohio presidential election results (1900-2024)

    • 12 Democratic wins
    • 19 Republican wins
    Year 1900 1904 1908 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024
    Winning Party R R R D D R R R D D D R D R R R D R R D R R R D D R R D D R R R


    See also: Presidential election accuracy

    Below is an analysis of Ohio's voting record in presidential elections. The state's accuracy is based on the number of times a state has voted for a winning presidential candidate. The majority of statistical data is from the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration and was compiled, here, by Ballotpedia, unless otherwise noted.

    Presidential election voting record in Ohio, 1900-2016

    Between 1900 and 2016:

    • Ohio participated in 30 presidential elections.
    • Ohio voted for the winning presidential candidate 93.33 percent of the time. The average accuracy of voting for winning presidential candidates for all 50 states in this time frame was 72.31 percent.[19]
    • Ohio voted Democratic 40 percent of the time and Republican 60 percent of the time.

    Most accurate states

    See also: Presidential election accuracy data

    Below is the list of the most accurate states when it comes to voting for the winning presidential candidate.

    Most accurate states, 1900-2016
    State Percentage of accuracy
    Ohio 93.33% (28 out of 30 elections)
    New Mexico 88.89% (24 out of 27 elections)
    Nevada 86.67% (26 out of 30 elections)
    Missouri 86.67% (26 out of 30 elections)
    Illinois 83.33% (25 out of 30 elections)

    Presidential election voting record in Ohio, 2000-2016

    *An asterisk indicates that that candidate also won the national electoral vote in that election.

    State profile

    See also: Ohio and Ohio elections, 2019
    USA Ohio location map.svg

    Partisan data

    The information in this section was current as of May 7, 2019

    Presidential voting pattern

    • Ohio voted Republican in five out of the seven presidential elections between 2000 and 2024.

    Congressional delegation

    State executives

    • A Democrat held one, Republicans held eleven, and an independent held one of Ohio's 37 state executive offices. Elections for the other offices are nonpartisan.
    • Ohio's governor was Republican Mike DeWine.

    State legislature

    Ohio Party Control: 1992-2024
    No Democratic trifectas  •  Twenty-six years of Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
    Governor R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    Senate R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    House D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R

    Ohio quick stats
    • Became a state in 1803
    • 17th state admitted to the United States
    • Ohio was the first non-colonial free state admitted to the union.
    • Members of the Ohio State Senate: 33
    • Members of the Ohio House of Representatives: 99
    • U.S. senators: 2
    • U.S. representatives: 16
    More Ohio coverage on Ballotpedia:


    Demographic data for Ohio
     OhioU.S.
    Total population:11,605,090316,515,021
    Land area (sq mi):40,8613,531,905
    Race and ethnicity**
    White:82.4%73.6%
    Black/African American:12.2%12.6%
    Asian:1.9%5.1%
    Native American:0.2%0.8%
    Pacific Islander:0%0.2%
    Two or more:2.5%3%
    Hispanic/Latino:3.4%17.1%
    Education
    High school graduation rate:89.1%86.7%
    College graduation rate:26.1%29.8%
    Income
    Median household income:$49,429$53,889
    Persons below poverty level:19.6%11.3%
    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
    Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Ohio.
    **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.


    Presidential election by state

    See also: Presidential election by state, 2020

    Click on a state below to navigate to information about the presidential election in that jurisdiction.

    https://ballotpedia.org/Presidential_election_in_STATE,_2020

    See also

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ Ohio Secretary of State, "Corona Facts," accessed March 17, 2020
    2. ↑ Ohio Secretary of State, "2020 PRIMARY FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS," accessed March 27, 2020
    3. ↑ Cleveland.com, "Ohio is heading the wrong way - in its importance to presidential contests and in other things: Brent Larkin," February 8, 2019
    4. ↑ ThinkProgress, "Ohio is being written off as a 2020 win for Trump. Not so fast, Democrats say." June 1, 2019
    5. ↑ This analysis does not include counties in Alaska and certain independent cities due to variations in vote total reporting.
    6. ↑ The raw data for this study was provided by Dave Leip of Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
    7. ↑ Nature, "The power of prediction markets," October 18, 2016
    8. ↑ Politico, "Meet the 'stock market' for politics," October 31, 2014
    9. ↑ U.S. Presidential General Election Results, "2008 Electoral Map Based on the Intrade Prediction Market," accessed January 25, 2018
    10. ↑ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "2020 DNC in Milwaukee pushed back to week of August 17 in response to coronavirus pandemic," April 2, 2020
    11. ↑ The New York Times, "Milwaukee Picked as Site of 2020 Democratic National Convention," March 11, 2019
    12. ↑ Talking Points Memo, "Bernie Sanders Ends 2020 Bid, Making Biden Presumptive Dem Nominee," April 8, 2020
    13. ↑ AP, "Biden formally clinches Democratic presidential nomination," June 5, 2020
    14. ↑ CNBC, "Joe Biden picks Sen. Kamala Harris to be his vice presidential running mate, making her the first black woman on a major ticket," August 11, 2020
    15. ↑ Charlotte Observer, "Here’s when the 2020 Republican National Convention will be in Charlotte," October 1, 2018
    16. ↑ NPR, "When Has A President Been Denied His Party's Nomination?" July 22, 2009
    17. ↑ U.S. Election Atlas, "2012 Presidential Election Results," accessed December 29, 2014
    18. ↑ U.S. Election Atlas, "2008 Presidential Election Results," accessed December 29, 2014
    19. ↑ This average includes states like Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma, which did not participate in all 30 presidential elections between 1900 and 2016. It does not include Washington, D.C., which cast votes for president for the first time in 1964, or Alaska and Hawaii, which cast votes for president for the first time in 1960.
    20. ↑ This number refers to the number of times that the state voted for the winning presidential candidate between 2000 and 2016.
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