Sean Parnell (Alaska)
Sean R. Parnell (b. November 19, 1962, Hanford, California) is the former Republican Governor of Alaska. Parnell, formerly the lieutenant governor, succeeded Sarah Palin (R) following her resignation in July 2009. Parnell ran for and won election to a full term as governor on November 2, 2010, defeating former state Rep. Ethan A. Berkowitz (D).[1]
Parnell ran for re-election in 2014. After first considering a congressional bid, he announced his decision to seek a second term as governor on May 3, 2013. The general election took place on November 4, 2014.[2][3] Sean Parnell (Alaska) lost the general election on November 4, 2014.
Parnell practiced law for 13 years in the private sector prior to entering politics. He was first elected to the Alaska House of Representatives in 1992. He served in the body until 1996, when he won election to the Alaska State Senate, serving through 2000.[4] Running for Congress in 2008, Parnell lost the Republican primary to Don Young by 304 votes.[5]
An analysis of Republican governors by Nate Silver of the New York Times in April 2013 ranked Parnell as the 14th most conservative governor in the country.[6]
Biography
Parnell is a native of Hanford, California, but his family relocated to Alaska in 1973 after his father was stationed at Fort Richardson. Parnell was 10 years old when they moved. His father, Kevin Parnell, ran against Alaska politician Don Young as a Democrat in 1980. That same year, Parnell graduated from East Anchorage High School. An attorney by training, he attended Pacific Lutheran University (B.B.A. 1984) and University of Puget Sound School of Law (J.D. 1987). He is admitted to the bar in both Alaska and Washington, D.C..[1]
Parnell spent time working with Conoco Phillips Alaska after leaving the state legislature. In 2005, he moved to lobbying firm Patton Boggs, where he specialized in state and federal regulation of energy industries. At the end of 2006, Parnell took a job with Alaska’s Division of Oil and Gas, which he left upon his election as lieutenant governor. He was acting as an adviser to then-Governor Murkowski on Alaska's North Slope when he entered and won the lieutenant gubernatorial primary in 2006.[1]
Education
- East Anchorage High School
- B.B.A Pacific Lutheran University (1984)
- J.D. Puget Sound School of Law (1987)
Political career
Governor of Alaska (2009-2014)
Upon former Gov. Sarah Palin's resignation in 2009, Parnell, as lieutenant governor, took her place as Alaska's chief executive official. He was Alaska's 10th governor and successfully sought election to a full term of office in 2010.[1] Parnell was defeated for re-election in 2014.
Issues
Job creation ranking
A June 2013 analysis by The Business Journals ranked 45 governors based on the annual private sector growth rate in all 50 states using data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Parnell was ranked number 16. The five governors omitted from the analysis all assumed office in 2013.[7][8]
More Alaska Production Act
In March 2013, the Finance Committee of the Republican-controlled Alaska State Senate presented an updated version of a bill by Parnell to remove the progressive tax system on oil production for the purpose of increasing stability, encouraging new development and simplifying international trade.[9] Parnell's original plan for what later became known as the More Alaska Production Act called for oil producers to be taxed at a flat base rate of 25 percent. The Finance committee then drafted a version of Senate Bill 21 prescribing a rate of 30 percent, five percent less than an earlier proposal by the Resources Committee, but five percent more than Parnell's initial proposal. The bill would also give a $5 credit for each barrel of oil produced, as well as maintain the 20 percent tax break for new oil development known as a gross revenue exclusion. However, the exclusion would also apply to new oil from already-developed "legacy" fields.[10][11]
Democrats argued that the Parnell plan would not necessarily bring increased production, and that tax breaks should come after new investment. Bill Wielechowski said that the bill represented a giveaway to existing producers such as BP, Exxon and ConocoPhillips. Industry figures had mixed opinions of the first two versions of the bill, praising the flat system, but not a base tax increase and a plan to limit the gross revenue exclusion to new fields. Legislative consultant Janak Meyer said that the Finance version would increase the state's competitiveness.[11][12]
Parnell signed the More Alaska Production Act into law on May 21, 2013. The final version included an increased base tax rate of 35 percent, 10 percent higher than the rate Parnell initially proposed.[13]
Parnell appointments
While serving as an appointed governor, Parnell left Sarah Palin's appointees largely intact. Upon his election to a full term in the office, he stated his intention to make significant changes; Alaska's Constitution grants the governor very broad powers to appoint positions, including some that are elected by the citizens in most states.
Parnell asked for some resignations and told other key officials they could submit an application to be considered for his administration, but that they should not automatically expect to continue in the post they had prior to the election.[14]
The first confirmed departure from the governor's office was Department of Fish and Game chief, Denby Lloyd. Parnell noted that his plans to shake up his staff were as much to allow people who wished to take other opportunities to do too so as to form his own administration team.
Lieutenant Governor (2006-2009)
Parnell took office as Lieutenant Governor in 2006 with Governor Sarah Palin.
Alaska State Legislature (1992-2000)
In 1992 Parnell was elected to the Alaska House of Representatives. He served as a member of the House Finance Committee and chaired numerous budget subcommittees. He served in the House for two terms.
Parnell was elected to a seat in the Alaska State Senate in 1996, and served there through 2000. He served on and later co-chaired the Finance Committee as well as being a member of the Energy Council.[15][1]
Elections
2014
Parnell ran for re-election as Governor of Alaska in 2014.[2] He easily won the Republican nomination in the primary on August 19, 2014, and faced Bill Walker, Carolyn "Care" Clift (Libertarian) and J.R. Myers (Alaska Constitution Party) in the general election.[16] The general election took place on November 4, 2014.
Results
Primary election
| Governor of Alaska Republican Primary, 2014 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Vote % | Votes | ||
 Sean Parnell Incumbent |
75.9% | 80,903 | ||
| Russ Millette | 10.6% | 11,296 | ||
| Brad Snowden | 9.9% | 10,594 | ||
| Gerald L. "Tap" Heikes | 3.6% | 3,855 | ||
| Total Votes | 106,648 | |||
| Election results via Alaska Division of Elections. | ||||
General election
| Governor and Lieutenant Governor of Alaska, 2014 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Independent | Bill Walker/Byron Mallott |
48.1% | 134,658 | |
| Republican | Sean Parnell/Dan Sullivan Incumbent | 45.9% | 128,435 | |
| Libertarian | Carolyn "Care" Clift/Andrew C. Lee | 3.2% | 8,985 | |
| Constitution | J.R. Myers/Maria Rensel | 2.5% | 6,987 | |
| Nonpartisan | Write-in votes | 0.3% | 893 | |
| Total Votes | 279,958 | |||
| Election results via Alaska Division of Elections | ||||
Race background
| Timeline |
|---|
|
Republican incumbent Gov. Sean Parnell was first elected in 2010 and sought a second term in 2014. Parnell considered a bid for Congress in the 2014 electoral cycle, but ultimately announced his decision to run for re-election for governor in May 2013.[17] By the following May, a Public Policy poll showed the incumbent leading three potential general election opponents by at least 10 points, while The Cook Political Report released another round of 2014 governors race ratings and labeled the Alaska Governor seat as "Solid Republican" under Parnell.[18] Parnell ultimately lost the November 4 general election to Republican-turned-Independent Bill Walker. The outcome of the close gubernatorial race remained unknown 10 days after the polls closed as additional ballots were counted.[19]
Parnell defeated three challengers - Gerald L. "Tap" Heikes, Russ Millette and Brad Snowden - to secure the Republican Party's re-nomination in the August 19 primary. The Democratic-Libertarian-Independence (or "ADL") primary ballot included Democrats Byron Mallott and Phil Stoddard, as well as uncontested Libertarian nominee Carolyn "Care" Clift. Mallott received the highest number of votes in the ADL primary, and was set to advance as the Democratic nominee to the general election along with Parnell, Clift, Bill Walker (independent) and J.R. Myers (Alaska Constitution Party), until a ticket merger with Walker placed him in the lieutenant governor spot.[20][21]
Republican, Democratic, Alaskan Independence and Libertarian Party candidates do not need to petition to appear on the ballot in Alaska.[22] Alaska Constitution Party Chairman J.R. Myers succeeded in submitting the required 3,017 valid petition signatures by August 19 for a place on the November ballot. If he earned a minimum of 3 percent of the 2014 general election vote, the Constitution Party would have been reclassified from a political group to a political party and shared the same ballot access privileges as the existing four qualified parties. The Alaska Constitution Party was previously affiliated with the Alaskan Independence Party, of which Myers served two years as vice chairman. Myers garnered 2.5 percent of the vote by the end of the vote count, falling short of the minimum threshold.[23][24]
Fusion ticket
Weeks after the primary, the state Democratic Party's central committee voted 89-2 to reject the Mallott-led Democratic gubernatorial ticket and instead supported an alternative fusion ticket pairing Mallott with independent gubernatorial candidate Bill Walker.[25] The formation of the Walker/Mallott "Alaska First Unity Ticket" necessitated the withdrawal of two candidates, Democratic lieutenant gubernatorial nominee Hollis French and Walker's original running mate Craig Fleener, who resigned from his post as state deputy fish and game commissioner to run with Walker.[26] Walker and Mallott won the general election by a 2 percent margin.
Almost one year prior, the Alaska Democratic Party voted unanimously to back Mallott for governor. The party stated that Mallott's was their earliest ever gubernatorial endorsement vote, citing the members' approval of the candidate's "public service, business experience and 'progressive' values."[27]
One of the driving forces behind the ticket merger was the Alaska AFL-CIO's decision to boycott the three-way governor's race, echoing a complaint among Parnell opponents that the three-way election favored the incumbent.[25] The AFL-CIO went on to support the newly formed ticket.
Lawsuit
Soon after state election chief Lt. Gov. Mead Treadwell and the Alaska Division of Elections granted permission for the campaigns to join forces on September 2, Steven Strait, a district chair for the Alaska Republican Party, filed a lawsuit challenging the order and requesting the ballot be restored to its pre-merger state. Strait and other lawsuit proponents said the challenge was not politically motivated. "French and Fleener did not resign as candidates for lieutenant governor out of any emergency, but instead resigned solely because they were asked and pressured to do so," Strait said, comparing the scenario to a 2006 case wherein an independent lieutenant gubernatorial candidate quit the race at the eleventh hour and the State Division of Elections issued an emergency regulation to give his running mate, Andrew Halcro, the chance to name a replacement.[28] As thousands of overseas ballots had already been mailed for the 2014 election, an expedited ruling was scheduled for September 26, whereupon Alaska Superior Court Judge John Suddock decided in favor of the elections authorities. To back up his ruling, Suddock cited a different precedent than the one Strait put forth, involving a similar ballot reconfiguration during the 1990 gubernatorial race which was challenged and ultimately upheld by the Alaska Supreme Court. In that case, the Alaskan Independence Party ticket withdrew and the new Independence Party nominee selected the Republican lieutenant gubernatorial nominee as his running mate, requiring his withdrawal from the Republican ticket.[29]
Endorsements
Bill Walker received the endorsement of former Gov. Sarah Palin (R) prior to the general election.[30]
Polls
General election
All candidates
| Governor of Alaska: All candidates | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Sean Parnell* (R) | Bill Walker (I) | Carolyn "Care" Clift (L) | J.R. Myers (C) | Undecided | Margin of error | Sample size | ||||||||||||
| Public Policy Polling November 1-2, 2014 | 45% | 46% | 2% | 2% | 5% | +/-3 | 1,052 | ||||||||||||
| Hellenthal & Associates October 15-21, 2014 | 44.3% | 42.5% | 3.8% | 0.8% | 8.6% | +/-4.88 | 403 | ||||||||||||
| HAI September 26-October 2, 2014 | 46% | 38% | 4% | 2% | 10% | +/-4.9 | 400 | ||||||||||||
| Public Policy Polling September 18-21, 2014 | 41% | 42% | 3% | 2% | 13% | +/-- | 880 | ||||||||||||
| AVERAGES | 44.08% | 42.13% | 3.2% | 1.7% | 9.15% | +/-0.75 | 683.75 | ||||||||||||
| Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org. | |||||||||||||||||||
**Incumbency is denoted by asterisk (*)
Parnell vs. Walker
| Governor of Alaska: Parnell vs. Walker | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Sean Parnell* (R) | Bill Walker (I) | Undecided/Other | Margin of error | Sample size | ||||||||||||||
| New York Times/CBS News/YouGov October 16-23, 2014 | 42% | 39% | 20% | +/-9 | 561 | ||||||||||||||
| Rasmussen Reports October 8-12, 2014 | 41% | 50% | 9% | +/-4 | 700 | ||||||||||||||
| CNN/ORC October 1-6, 2014 | 45% | 51% | 4% | +/-3 | 1,015 | ||||||||||||||
| New York Times/CBS News/YouGov September 20-October 1, 2014 | 40% | 45% | 15% | +/-5 | 593 | ||||||||||||||
| Hays Research (D-Alaska AFL-CIO/Walker) September 13-14, 2014 | 30% | 37% | 31% | +/-4.38 | 500 | ||||||||||||||
| Hays Research/Walker (I) August 20-22, 2014 | 40% | 43% | 15% | +/-4.5 | 474 | ||||||||||||||
| Public Policy Poll July 31-August 3, 2014 | 41% | 40% | 19% | +/-3.8 | 673 | ||||||||||||||
| Ivan Moore Research Poll (Internal) June 19-23, 2014 | 46.3% | 45.1% | 8.6% | +/-4.05 | 584 | ||||||||||||||
| AVERAGES | 40.66% | 43.76% | 15.2% | +/-4.72 | 637.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org. | |||||||||||||||||||
**Incumbency is denoted by asterisk (*)
Hypothetical match-ups
Hypothetical match-up: Parnell vs. Mallott
| Governor of Alaska | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Sean Parnell* (R) | Byron Mallott (D) | Not sure | Margin of error | Sample size | ||||||||||||||
| Public Policy Poll July 31-August 3, 2014 | 48% | 37% | 14% | +/-3.8 | 673 | ||||||||||||||
| Ivan Moore Research Poll (Internal) June 19-23, 2014 | 34.0% | 54.9% | 11.1% | +/-4.05 | 584 | ||||||||||||||
| AVERAGES | 41% | 45.95% | 12.55% | +/-3.93 | 628.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org. | |||||||||||||||||||
**Incumbency is denoted by asterisk (*)
Hypothetical match-up: Parnell vs. Mallott vs. Walker
| Governor of Alaska | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Sean Parnell* (R) | Byron Mallott (D) | Bill Walker (I) | Not sure | Margin of error | Sample size | |||||||||||||
| Ivan Moore Research Poll (Internal) June 19-23, 2014 | 42% | 16% | 29% | 13% | +/-4.05 | 584 | |||||||||||||
| Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org. | |||||||||||||||||||
**Incumbency is denoted by asterisk (*)
Hypothetical match-up: Five-way race
| Governor of Alaska | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Sean Parnell* (R) | Care Clift (L) | Byron Mallott (D) | J.R. Myers (C) | Bill Walker (I) | Not sure | Margin of error | Sample size | |||||||||||
| Public Policy Polling July 31-August 3, 2014 | 37% | 3% | 22% | 2% | 20% | 16% | +/-3.8 | 673 | |||||||||||
| Public Policy Pollingl May 8-11, 2014 | 37% | 0% | 27% | 4% | 17% | 15% | +/-4.1 | 582 | |||||||||||
| Public Policy Polling January 30-February 1, 2014 | 41% | 0% | 25% | 3% | 16% | 15% | +/-3.4 | 850 | |||||||||||
| AVERAGES | 38.33% | 1% | 24.67% | 3% | 17.67% | 15.33% | +/-3.77 | 701.67 | |||||||||||
| Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org. | |||||||||||||||||||
**Incumbency is denoted by asterisk (*)
**Due to the nature of the comparison, a placeholder figure of 0% is assigned to candidates not included in any given match-up round
Endorsements
Parnell's re-election campaign was endorsed by the National Rifle Association, which previously awarded the governor with an A+ rating for his record promoting gun rights.[31]
2010
General
On November 2, 2010, Parnell/Treadwell won election to the office of Governor/Lt. Governor of Alaska. They defeated Berkowitz/Benson (D), Toien/Brown (L) and Donald R. Wright (AI) in the general election.
| Governor/Lt. Governor of Alaska, 2010 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Republican | Parnell/Treadwell Incumbent |
59.1% | 151,318 | |
| Democratic | Berkowitz/Benson | 37.7% | 96,519 | |
| Libertarian | Toien/Brown | 1% | 2,682 | |
| Alaskan Independence | Wright/Donald R. | 1.9% | 4,775 | |
| Write-in | N/A | 0.4% | 898 | |
| Total Votes | 256,192 | |||
| Election results via State of Alaska Division of Elections. | ||||
Primary
- Parnell defeated five challengers in the August 24 primary, winning 49.49% of the vote. Bill Walker came in second with 33.95%.
| 2010 Race for Governor - Republican Primary[32] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidates | Percentage | |||
| Gerald L. Heikes (R) | 0.40% | |||
| Merica Hlatcu (R) | 0.56% | |||
| Sam Little (R) | 1.54% | |||
 Sean Parnell (R)
|
49.49% | |||
| Ralph Samuels (R) | 14.05% | |||
| Bill Walker (R) | 33.95% | |||
| Total votes | 88,423 | |||
2008
On March 14, 2008, Parnell announced that he would take on embattled 18-term Congressman Don Young in the August 26 Republican primary. The race between them was extremely narrow. It took several weeks after the election before it became clear on September 18 that Young had won re-election by a margin of 304 votes.[33]
Parnell was endorsed by then-Gov. Palin[34] and the Club for Growth[35]
2006
On November 7, 2006, Palin/Parnell won election to the office of Governor/Lt. Governor of Alaska. They defeated Knowles/Berkowitz (D), Halcro/Von Gemmingen (I), Wright/Welton (AI), Toine/Mirabal (Lib) and David M. Massie (Green) in the general election.
| Governor/Lt. Governor of Alaska, 2006 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Republican | Palin/Parnell |
48.4% | 114,697 | |
| Democratic | Knowles/Berkowitz | 41% | 97,238 | |
| Independent | Halcro/Von Gemmingen | 9.5% | 22,443 | |
| Alaskan Independence | Wright/Welton | 0.5% | 1,285 | |
| Libertarian | Toien/Mirabal | 0.3% | 682 | |
| Green | Massie, David M. | 0.3% | 593 | |
| Total Votes | 236,938 | |||
| Election results via State of Alaska Division of Elections. | ||||
Campaign finance summary
Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.
Personal
Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.
Parnell resides in Anchorage, Alaska with his wife, Sandy, and their two children, Grace and Rachel.[1]
Recent news
The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms Sean Parnell Alaska Governor. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles.
See also
External links
- Social media:
- Biographies:
- Executive actions:
- Interest group ratings:
- Issue positions:
- Public statements:
- Works by or about:
- Media appearances:
- Media coverage:
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Alaska Governor's Office, "About the Governor" accessed September 12, 2012 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "bio" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Anchorage Daily News, "Parnell says he'll seek re-election as governor," May 3, 2013
- ↑ Juneau Empire, "Treadwell: 'No interest' in primary against Parnell," December 4, 2012
- ↑ Project Vote Smart, "Governor Sean R. Parnell's Biography," accessed March 30, 2013
- ↑ The New York Times, "Congressman in Alaska Wins Primary in Extended Vote Count," September 18, 2008
- ↑ New York Times, "In State Governments, Signs of a Healthier G.O.P.," April 16, 2013
- ↑ The Business Journals, "Governors and jobs: How governors rank for job creation in their states," June 27, 2013
- ↑ The Business Journals, "How state governors rank on their job-growth record," June 27, 2013
- ↑ KTVA, "New Oil Tax Proposal Lowers Base Rate," March 12, 2013 (dead link) (dead link)
- ↑ Fairbanks Daily News-Miner, "Consultant says Alaska oil tax proposal 'competitive,'" March 12, 2013
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 The Associated Press, "Senate Finance Committee unveils oil tax rewrite," March 12, 2013
- ↑ Anchorage Daily News, "Activist proposing initiative on oil taxes," March 12, 2013
- ↑ Office of Governor Sean Parnell, "Priorities: More Alaska Production Act," accessed September 1, 2014
- ↑ Anchorage Daily News, "Parnell to begin elected term with evaluation of top staff," November 4, 2010
- ↑ Lieutenant Governor of Alaska Sean Parnell's Biography (dead link)
- ↑ State of Alaska Division of Elections, "2014 Election Dates and Hours," accessed July 2, 2013
- ↑ Juneau Empire, "Treadwell: 'No interest' in primary against Parnell," December 4, 2012
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 Governors Race Ratings," May 16, 2014
- ↑ Alaska Division of Elections, "2014 General Election Results," accessed November 17, 2014
- ↑ Ballot Access News, "Constitution Party Has Enough Valid Signatures in Alaska," August 25, 2014
- ↑ State of Alaska Division of Elections, "August 19, 2014 Primary Candidate List," accessed August 19, 2014
- ↑ Ballot Access News, "Alaska Gubernatorial Poll Suggests Constitution Party May Win Qualified Status for First Time," May 20, 2014
- ↑ Independent Political Report, "Constitution Party Candidate for Alaska," October 1, 2013
- ↑ J.R. Myers for Governor 2014 Official Campaign Website, "A Brief History of the Alaska Constitution Party (ACP)," accessed May 22, 2014
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Alaska Dispatch News, "Walker, Mallott to join forces in governor's race," September 1, 2014
- ↑ The Anchorage Daily-News, "Walker chooses Fleener as running mate in Independent bid for governor," October 14, 2013
- ↑ Your Alaska Link, "Democrats endorse Mallott for governor," October 21, 2013
- ↑ The Daily Record, "Judge approves merged candidates in Alaska race," September 26, 2014
- ↑ Alaska Dispatch News, "Judge rules Walker-Mallott ticket can stand," September 26, 2014
- ↑ National Journal, "Palin Endorses Independent-Democratic Ticket for Alaska Governor Against GOP Successor," October 24, 2014
- ↑ dlg.org, "NRA Endorses Governor Parnell," September 23, 2014
- ↑ State of Alaska Division of Elections, “August 24, 2010 Primary Election Results, Governor”, August 24, 2010
- ↑ Lieutenant Governor of Alaska Announces Primary Run Against Young, By Josh Kraushaar - CBS News
- ↑ Fairbanks Daily News Miner"Washington Anti-Earmark Group Endorses Parnell" by R.A. Dillon, June 6, 2008, accessed Aug. 4, 2008
- ↑ Politico, "Club for Growth endorses challenger to Young," By Josh Kraushaar, June 6, 2008, accessed Aug. 4, 2008
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