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Sean Duffy

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Sean Duffy
Image of Sean Duffy

Nonpartisan

U.S. Secretary of Transportation
Tenure

2025 - Present

Term ends

2029

Years in position

0

Predecessor
Prior offices
District Attorney Ashland County
U.S. House Wisconsin District 7
Successor: Tom Tiffany
Predecessor: Dave Obey

Compensation

Net worth

$-99,999

Education

Bachelor's

St. Mary's College

Law

William Mitchell College of Law

Personal
Religion
Christian: Catholic
Profession
Attorney
Contact

Official website

Official Facebook

Official Twitter

Official Instagram

Campaign website

Campaign Facebook

Personal Facebook

Personal Twitter

Personal Instagram

Personal LinkedIn

Sean Duffy is the secretary of transportation in the second term of the Trump administration.

Donald Trump (R) announced on November 18, 2024, that he selected Duffy as his nominee for transportation secretary in his second presidential term. This appointment requires Senate confirmation. In a statement, Trump said, "Sean will use his experience and the relationships he has built over many years in Congress to maintain and rebuild our Nation’s Infrastructure, and fulfill our Mission of ushering in The Golden Age of Travel, focusing on Safety, Efficiency, and Innovation."[1] The Senate confirmed Duffy in a 77-22 vote on January 28, 2025.[2]

Duffy was born October 3, 1971, in Hayward, Wisconsin. He earned his bachelor's degree in marketing from St. Mary's College in 1994, and earned his juris doctorate from the William Mitchell College of Law in 1999.[3][4] In 1997, during his first year of law school, Duffy was a cast member of the MTV reality show The Real World: Boston. He also appeared on Road Rules: All Stars in 1998 and Real World/Road Rules Challenge: Battle of the Seasons in 2002.[5] After graduating from law school, Duffy worked as a lawyer in private practice.[6] He was also a lumberjack athlete, a commentator for, and a competitor in ESPN's Great Outdoor Games in 2003.[7] In 2002, Duffy was appointed as the district attorney for Ashland County, a position he held until he resigned in 2010 to run for Congress.[8]

In 2010, incumbent Dave Obey (D) of the 7th Congressional District retired after 40 years in Congress.[9] Duffy ran in the open contest to replace him. During his campaign, he said, "Just last week, it was reported the United States government exceeded a national debt of more than $13 trillion. With unemployment in our area still well into double-digits, it is abundantly clear that we need a new direction in Washington and I am dedicated to making that happen."[8] He defeated Julie M. Lassa (D) 52.1% to 44.4%. Writing for the The New York Times, Bloomberg News' Albert R. Hunt wrote in 2012 that Duffy's race "reflected the energy of the Tea Party in 2010. [His] campaign was fueled by his opposition to President Barack Obama’s stimulus package, which Mr. Obey helped craft."[10]

While serving in Congress, Duffy introduced a bill to expand protections given to federal whistleblowers "for refusing to obey an order that would violate a rule or regulation."[11] The bill was signed into law by Donald Trump (R).[12] Duffy also introduced a bill that would give the president more power to apply tariffs.[13] In 2014, Duffy was named chair of the Committee on Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigation for the 114th Congress (2015-2017).[14] Duffy resigned from the House on September 23, 2019, citing the impending birth of his child.[15] "With much prayer, I have decided that this is the right time for me to take a break from public service in order to be the support my wife, baby and family need right now," Duffy said on his Facebook page.[16] For more information about Congressional incumbents who did not run for re-election in 2020, click here.

After leaving office, Duffy joined the BGR Group, a lobbying firm, as a senior counsel.[17] He joined Fox News as a contributor in 2020. In 2022, Donald Trump (R) publicly urged Duffy to run for Governor of Wisconsin in 2022, saying "He would be fantastic...A champion athlete, Sean loves the people of Wisconsin, and would be virtually unbeatable. His wife, Rachel, is likewise an incredible person...Run Sean, Run!"[18] Duffy would ultimately decline to run.[19] In 2023, Duffy was a co-host for the show The Bottom Line on Fox Business.[20] Duffy resigned from both positions in 2024.[21]

CNN's Kate Sullivan wrote, "If confirmed by the Senate, [Duffy] would oversee projects that involve companies run by Elon Musk, a close Trump ally who has been tapped by the president-elect to lead a new Department of Government Efficiency...The new leader of the [transportation] department will face a number of safety-related issues regarding aviation...There are also airline labor union strike threats and climate-focused initiatives like electric vehicles and charging stations that are likely to be on his desk in the coming years."[22]

Biography

Duffy earned his bachelor's degree from St. Mary's College. He was a professional lumberjack athlete, and he competed in lumberjack shows throughout law school.[7] Duffy was a lumberjack athlete and was both a commentator for and a competitor in ESPN's Great Outdoor Games in 2003.[7] Duffy was also a member of the cast of The Real World: Boston, an MTV reality television show, in 1997. He also appeared on Road Rules: All Stars in 1998 and Real World/Road Rules Challenge: Battle of the Seasons in 2002.[23]

After graduating, Duffy went into private practice and then became District Attorney of Ashland County, Wisconsin.[7] He served as district attorney from 2002 to 2010. In 2010, Duffy was elected to represent Wisconsin's 7th Congressional District in the U.S. House. He was re-elected in 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018, before resigning from the U.S. House in 2019.[24]

In 2023, he began working as a co-host of The Bottom Line, a show on Fox Business.[25]

Nomination for secretary of transportation

See also: Donald Trump presidential transition, 2024-2025 and Confirmation process for Sean Duffy for secretary of transportation
Donald Trump's Cabinet
(second term)
Candidate: Sean Duffy
Position: Secretary of Transportation
ApprovedaAnnounced:November 18, 2024
ApprovedaHearing:January 15, 2025 (reported by Punchbowl News)
ApprovedaCommittee:Commerce, Science, and Transportation
ApprovedaReported:Favorable (28-0)
ApprovedaConfirmed:January 28, 2025
ApprovedaVote:77-22

Trump announced on November 18, 2024, that he had selected Duffy as his nominee for transportation secretary in his second presidential term. In a statement, Trump said, "Sean will use his experience and the relationships he has built over many years in Congress to maintain and rebuild our Nation’s Infrastructure, and fulfill our Mission of ushering in The Golden Age of Travel, focusing on Safety, Efficiency, and Innovation."[26]

The Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee held a hearing for Duffy on January 15, 2025.[27] The Senate confirmed Duffy in a 77-22 vote on January 28, 2025.[28] Click here to read more about the confirmation process.

Summary of Senate vote on Sean Duffy's nomination for secretary of transportation (January 28, 2025)
Party Votes for Votes against Not voting
Democratic Party Democrats 23 21 1
Republican Party Republicans 53 0 0
Grey.png Independents 1 1 0
Totals 77 22 1



Elections

2018

See also: Wisconsin's 7th Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House Wisconsin District 7

Incumbent Sean Duffy defeated Margaret Engebretson and Ken Driessen in the general election for U.S. House Wisconsin District 7 on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Sean Duffy
Sean Duffy (R)
 
60.1
 
194,061
Image of Margaret Engebretson
Margaret Engebretson (D) Candidate Connection
 
38.5
 
124,307
Image of Ken Driessen
Ken Driessen (Direct Participatory Democracy Party)
 
1.4
 
4,416
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.0
 
3

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 322,787
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Wisconsin District 7

Margaret Engebretson defeated Brian Ewert in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Wisconsin District 7 on August 14, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Margaret Engebretson
Margaret Engebretson Candidate Connection
 
57.3
 
27,194
Image of Brian Ewert
Brian Ewert
 
42.7
 
20,285

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 47,479
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Wisconsin District 7

Incumbent Sean Duffy advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Wisconsin District 7 on August 14, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Sean Duffy
Sean Duffy
 
100.0
 
60,708

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 60,708
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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2016

See also: Wisconsin's 7th Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Sean Duffy (R) defeated Mary Hoeft (D) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Duffy defeated Donald Raihala in the Republican primary, while Hoeft defeated Joel Lewis to win the Democratic nomination. The primary elections took place on August 9, 2016.[29][30]

U.S. House, Wisconsin District 7 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngSean Duffy Incumbent 61.7% 223,418
     Democratic Mary Hoeft 38.3% 138,643
Total Votes 362,061
Source: Wisconsin Elections Commission


U.S. House, Wisconsin District 7 Republican Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngSean Duffy Incumbent 89.5% 29,501
Donald Raihala 10.5% 3,456
Total Votes 32,957
Source: Wisconsin Elections and Ethics Commission
U.S. House, Wisconsin District 7 Democratic Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngMary Hoeft 80.7% 27,289
Joel Lewis 19.3% 6,531
Total Votes 33,820
Source: Wisconsin Elections and Ethics Commission

2014

See also: Wisconsin's 7th Congressional District elections, 2014

Duffy ran in the 2014 election for the U.S. House to represent Wisconsin's 7th District. Duffy defeated Don Raihala in the Republican primary on August 12, 2014.[31] He defeated Kelly Westlund (D) and Green Party candidate Lawrence Dale in the general election on November 4, 2014.

U.S. House, Wisconsin District 7 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngSean Duffy Incumbent 59.3% 169,891
     Democratic Kelly Westlund 39.4% 112,949
     Green Lawrence Dale 1.3% 3,686
     Independent Rob Taylor - Write-in 0% 30
     Republican John Schiess - Write-in 0% 5
     N/A Scattering 0% 42
Total Votes 286,603
Source: Wisconsin Government Accountability Board


U.S. House, Wisconsin District 7 Republican Primary, 2014
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngSean Duffy Incumbent 87.6% 25,707
Don Raihala 12.3% 3,607
John Schiess (write-in) 0% 2
Scattering 0.1% 20
Total Votes 29,336
Source: Wisconsin Government Accountability Board

2012

See also: Wisconsin's 7th Congressional District elections, 2012

Duffy ran for re-election in 2012.[32] He was unopposed in the Republican primary and defeated Democrat Pat Kreitlow in the November general election.[33]

U.S. House, Wisconsin District 7 General Election, 2012
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Pat Kreitlow 43.8% 157,524
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngSean Duffy Incumbent 56.1% 201,720
     Independent Dale Lehner 0% 20
     Miscellaneous N/A 0.1% 405
Total Votes 359,669
Source: Wisconsin Government Accountability Board "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election" (dead link)

Race background

In 2011, The Hill published a list of the "Top Ten House Members" who were helped by redistricting.[34] Duffy ranked 7th on the list.[34] The article noted that Republican state legislators traded some of the Democratic leaning areas with Republican areas, "making the district a toss-up and giving him a better chance of holding on to the seat."[34] Wisconsin's 7th District became more Republican following redistricting after the 2010 census, giving Duffy an edge over Kreitlow.[35] While the district became more Republican, Duffy came under fire in 2011 for comments he made about his personal wealth. He complained that it was difficult to pay bills on his congressional salary, which was $174,000.[36]

The 2012 race brought in a lot of money. Kreitlow raised $1.2 million by mid-October, and Duffy had raised twice that amount. Another $4.3 million was spent by outside groups on attack ads on both sides.[37]

Full history


Campaign themes

2016

The following issues were listed on Duffy's campaign website. For a full list of campaign themes, click here.

“
  • Addressing Our Nation’s Debt: With our debt quickly approaching $17 trillion, our nation is on an unsustainable path. Instead of making tough choices about spending and entitlement reform – mandatory spending that accounts for roughly 60 percent of yearly, dedicated spending – we borrow more than $1 trillion a year. This borrow and spend mentality is impractical, unacceptable, and without leadership to change course, a sure recipe to end up in the same financial dire straits as Greece and Spain.
  • Energy: Our nation’s dependence on foreign oil and an aging infrastructure is almost as crippling to national security as are long-term debt obligations. The country needs to make responsible investments in our infrastructure and utilize an ‘all-of-the-above’ approach to energy policy that includes developing new alternative energy technologies while expanding our domestic oil and natural gas production.
  • Fixing the Economy: America’s small businesses have always been our nation’s true job creators. But the fiscal policies of the last several years, led by an Administration determined to raise taxes and punish successful businesses through oppressive regulations have created an environment inhospitable for job growth and economic prosperity. The proof of this Administration’s failures on the job front lies in the anemic job growth reported every month.
  • Medicare: Medicare is a promise that must be preserved and protected. But without action, Medicare will go bankrupt by 2020, according to the non-partisan Congressional Budget Office. This is unacceptable to Sean and why he proudly voted on legislation that preserves this solemn promise to our nation’s seniors.
  • Reforming Washington: Since Sean’s first day in office, he’s earned a reputation for being a reformer. Sean introduced the ban on wasteful earmarks. He led the effort to freeze congressional pay, cut congressional budgets by more than 10 percent and eliminate wasteful government spending.

[39]

”
—Sean Duffy's campaign website, http://duffyforwisconsin.com/

Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Sean Duffy campaign contribution history
YearOfficeStatusContributionsExpenditures
2018U.S. House Wisconsin District 7Won general$3,650,628 $2,837,984
2016U.S. House, Wisconsin District 7Won $2,293,906 N/A**
Grand total$5,944,534 $2,837,984
Sources: OpenSecrets,  Federal Elections Commission ***This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only available data.

Analysis

Below are links to scores and rankings Ballotpedia compiled for members of Congress. We chose analyses that help readers understand how each individual legislator fit into the context of the chamber as a whole in terms of ideology, bill advancement, bipartisanship, and more.

If you would like to suggest an analysis for inclusion in this section, please email editor@ballotpedia.org.



115th Congress (2017-2019)

Rankings and scores for the 115th Congress

114th Congress (2015-2017)

Rankings and scores for the 114th Congress

113th Congress (2013-2015)

Rankings and scores for the 113th Congress

Congressional tenure

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021

The 116th United States Congress began on January 9, 2019, and ended on January 3, 2021. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (235-200), and Republicans held the majority in the U.S. Senate (53-47). Donald Trump (R) was the president and Mike Pence (R) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021
Vote Bill and description Status
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (365-65)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (234-193)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (419-6)
Not Voting Yes check.svg Passed (236-173)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (240-190)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (237-187)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (417-3)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (300 -128)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (363-62)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (411-7)


Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Committee assignments

U.S. House

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Duffy was assigned to the following committees:[118]

2015-2016

Duffy served on the following committees:[119]

2013-2014

Duffy served on the following committees:[120][121]

2011-2012

Duffy was a member of the following House committees:[122]

See also

External links

 


Footnotes

  1. ↑ "Truth Social," "Trump on November 18, 2024," accessed November 18, 2024
  2. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote 119th Congress - 1st Session," accessed January 28, 2025
  3. ↑ Badger State Games, "Lumberjack champion Sean Duffy, a Hayward native, has been named Badger State Games Honorary Athlete of the 2004 Winter Games," June 17, 2007
  4. ↑ Biographical Directory if the United States Congress, "Duffy, Sean," accessed January 1, 2025
  5. ↑ Everything Explained, "Sean Duffy Explained," accessed February 3, 2019
  6. ↑ NAA Online, "The Honorable Sean Duffy," accessed January 1, 2025
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Official House website, "Biography," accessed November 22, 2011
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Superior Telegram, "Duffy steps down as Ashland DA," June 4, 2010]
  9. ↑ Pine County News, "Congressman Dave Obey announces retirement," May 12, 2010
  10. ↑ The New York Times, "Tea Party Holding Firm for Round 2," August 5, 2012
  11. ↑ U.S. Congress, "H.R.657 - Follow the Rules Act," accessed January 2, 2025
  12. ↑ The American Presidency Project, "President Donald J. Trump Signs H.R. 657 into Law," accessed January 2, 2025
  13. ↑ U.S. Congress, "All Information (Except Text) for H.R.764 - United States Reciprocal Trade Act," accessed January 2, 2025
  14. ↑ Wausau Daily Herald, "Duffy tapped for leadership position in House," November 20, 2014
  15. ↑ Politico, "GOP Rep. Sean Duffy resigning to help care for child with 'complications'," August 26, 2019
  16. ↑ Facebook, "Congressman Sean Duffy," August 26, 2019
  17. ↑ Politico, "Sean Duffy heads to K Street after resigning from Congress," November 12, 2019
  18. ↑ Associated Press, "Duffy ignores Trump plea, won’t run for Wisconsin governor," January 6, 2022
  19. ↑ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Sean Duffy says he won't run for governor, despite Donald Trump's plea," January 6, 2022
  20. ↑ Deadline, "Fox Business Network Adds ‘The Big Money Show,’ ‘The Bottom Line’ To Weekday Schedule," December 12, 2022
  21. ↑ CNN, "Trump picks former congressman and Fox Business host Sean Duffy as next Transportation secretary," November 19, 2024
  22. ↑ CNN, "Trump picks former congressman and Fox Business host Sean Duffy as next Transportation secretary," November 19, 2024
  23. ↑ Everything Explained, "Sean Duffy Explained," accessed February 3, 2019
  24. ↑ Facebook, "Congressman Sean Duffy," August 26, 2019
  25. ↑ Deadline, "Fox Business Network Adds ‘The Big Money Show,’ ‘The Bottom Line’ To Weekday Schedule," December 12, 2022
  26. ↑ "Truth Social", "Trump on November 18,2024," accessed November 18, 2024
  27. ↑ U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, & Transportation, "Nomination Hearing - U.S. Secretary of Transportation," accessed January 9, 2025
  28. ↑ Politico, "Sean Duffy confirmed as Transportation secretary, despite Dem protest votes," January 28, 2025
  29. ↑ Wisconsin Government Accountability Board, "Candidate Tracking by Office," accessed June 2, 2016
  30. ↑ Politico, "Wisconsin House Primaries Results," August 9, 2016
  31. ↑ Associated Press, "Wisconsin - Summary Vote Results," accessed August 12, 2014
  32. ↑ Politico, "Freshmen face 2012 dilemma," April 22, 2012
  33. ↑ Wisconsin Government Accountability Board, "Candidates registered by office," accessed June 10, 2012
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 The Hill, "House members most helped by redistricting," accessed April 17, 2012
  35. ↑ RealClearPolitics, "WI 7th District," accessed March 22, 2013
  36. ↑ Talking Points Memo, "So How Rich Is Sean Duffy? Not Very…For A Congressman," accessed March 22, 2013
  37. ↑ Chippewa Herald, "Duffy-Kreitlow House race drawing attention," accessed March 22, 2013
  38. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
  39. ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  40. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1044 - Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2020," accessed March 22, 2024
  41. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1 - For the People Act of 2019," accessed April 23, 2024
  42. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.748 - CARES Act," accessed April 23, 2024
  43. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5 - Equality Act," accessed April 23, 2024
  44. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.8 - Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019," accessed April 23, 2024
  45. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6 - American Dream and Promise Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
  46. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1994 - Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
  47. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.31 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
  48. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.47 - John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act," accessed April 27, 2024
  49. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.24 - Government Employee Fair Treatment Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
  50. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015
  51. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017
  52. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015
  53. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 361," June 12, 2015
  54. ↑ Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015
  55. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 362," June 12, 2015
  56. ↑ Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015
  57. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 374," June 18, 2015
  58. ↑ Politico, "Trade turnaround: House backs new power for Obama," June 18, 2015
  59. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 388," June 24, 2015
  60. ↑ The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015
  61. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015
  62. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015
  63. ↑ The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015
  64. ↑ Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015
  65. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015
  66. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015
  67. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015
  68. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 183," accessed May 5, 2015
  69. ↑ The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015
  70. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015
  71. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015
  72. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015
  73. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1191 - Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015," accessed May 16, 2015
  74. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 226," accessed May 16, 2015
  75. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 3461," accessed September 11, 2015
  76. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 493," accessed September 11, 2015
  77. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 3460," accessed September 10, 2015
  78. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 494," accessed September 11, 2015
  79. ↑ Congress.gov, "H Res 411," accessed September 10, 2015
  80. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 492," accessed September 10, 2015
  81. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 597," accessed November 2, 2015
  82. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 576," accessed November 2, 2015
  83. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015
  84. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 224," accessed May 26, 2015
  85. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 36 - the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act," accessed May 16, 2015
  86. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "HR 36," accessed May 16, 2015
  87. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1731," accessed November 2, 2015
  88. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 173," accessed November 2, 2015
  89. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1560 - Protecting Cyber Networks Act," accessed November 1, 2015
  90. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 170," accessed November 1, 2015
  91. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 4038 - the American SAFE Act of 2015," accessed November 20, 2015
  92. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 643," accessed November 20, 2015
  93. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013
  94. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014
  95. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 1960 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
  96. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 2217 - DHS Appropriations Act of 2014 - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
  97. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "H Amdt 69 - Requires Threat Assessment of Pipeline Vulnerabilities to a Terrorist Attack - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
  98. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 624 - CISPA (2013) - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
  99. ↑ Clerk of U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote 31: H.R. 2642," accessed February 12, 2014
  100. ↑ Politico, "House clears farm bill," accessed February 12, 2014
  101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 New York Times, "Senate passes long-stalled farm bill, with clear winners and losers," accessed February 12, 2014
  102. ↑ 102.0 102.1 CNN.com, "House passes compromise $1.1 trillion budget for 2014," accessed January 20, 2014
  103. ↑ 103.0 103.1 U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote 21," accessed January 20, 2014
  104. ↑ Roll Call, "House passes $1.1 trillion omnibus," accessed January 15, 2014
  105. ↑ Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013
  106. ↑ Buzzfeed, "Government Shutdown: How We Got Here," accessed October 1, 2013
  107. ↑ Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013
  108. ↑ The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013
  109. ↑ U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 550," accessed October 31, 2013
  110. ↑ The Library of Congress, "H.AMDT.136," accessed September 16, 2013
  111. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "H Amdt 136 - Prohibits the Enforcement of the Immigration Executive Order - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
  112. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "H Amdt 450 - Requires Congressional Approval for Any Rules Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
  113. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 1797 - Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
  114. ↑ U.S. House, "House Resolution 676," accessed July 30, 2014
  115. ↑ Associated Press, "Suing Obama: GOP-led House gives the go-ahead," July 31, 2014
  116. ↑ Washington Post, "House clears way for lawsuit against Obama," accessed July 30, 2014
  117. ↑ U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote on the Fiscal Cliff," accessed January 4, 2013
  118. ↑ U.S. House Clerk, "Official Alphabetical List of the House of Representatives of the United States One Hundred Fifteenth Congress," accessed February 2, 2017
  119. ↑ U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, "Committee Information," accessed February 20, 2015
  120. ↑ CQ.com, "House Committee Rosters for the 113th Congress," accessed March 3, 2013
  121. ↑ U.S. House of Representatives, "Committee assignments," accessed March 31, 2014
  122. ↑ Official House website, "Committees," accessed November 22, 2011 (dead link)
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Preceded by
Dave Obey 		U.S. House of Representatives - Wisconsin, 7th District
2011-2019 		Succeeded by
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