State Ballot Measure Monthly: November 2022

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State Ballot Measure Monthly
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November 10, 2022

By Ballot Measures Project staff

This edition of the State Ballot Measure Monthly covers ballot measure election results for the general election on Nov. 8. Voters decided on 132 ballot measures in 37 states.

As of Nov. 10, 77 (58.3%) statewide ballot measures were approved, 34 (25.8%) were defeated, and 21 (15.9%) remained uncalled.

Our ballot measure election results coverage is available here.

HIGHLIGHTS

Voters in California, Michigan, and Vermont approved measures to provide state constitutional rights to abortion.

Measures to legalize marijuana were approved in Maryland and Missouri but rejected in three other states—Arkansas, North Dakota, and South Dakota.

Voters decided on election-related policies in six states. Voters approved voter ID in Nebraska and early voting in Connecticut. In Michigan, an initiative to add several voting policies to the state constitution was approved. As of Nov. 10, a top-five ranked-choice voting initiative in Nevada was uncalled but had 52% of the vote.

Results

Topics

The following tables provide ballot measure results for several topics and trends.

Abortion

See also: History of abortion ballot measures

Abortion has been a topic for statewide ballot measures since the 1970s. In 2022, there were six ballot measures addressing abortion—the most on record for a single year. Before 2022, the highest number was four abortion-related measures in 1986.

Voters approved ballot measures that establish a state constitutional right to abortion in California, Michigan, and Vermont.

In Kentucky, voters rejected a constitutional amendment that would have declared that the Kentucky Constitution cannot be interpreted to establish a state constitutional right to abortion.

Montana LR-131 was defeated. LR-131 would have enacted a law called the Born-Alive Infant Protection Act.

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
CA	LRCA	Proposition 1	Provide a state constitutional right to reproductive freedom, defined to include abortion and contraceptives	a	7,176,883 (67%)	3,553,561 (33%)
KY	LRCA	Constitutional Amendment 2	Provide that the state constitution does not create a right to an abortion or public abortion funding		675,634 (48%)	742,232 (52%)
MI	CICA	Proposal 3	Provide a state constitutional right to reproductive freedom, defined to include abortion, contraceptives, and pregnancy-related matters	a	2,482,382 (57%)	1,898,906 (43%)
MT	LRSS	LR-131	Require medical care be provided to infants born alive and make not providing care a felony		213,001 (47%)	235,904 (53%)
VT	LRCA	Proposal 5	Provide a state constitutional right to personal reproductive autonomy	a	212,323 (77%)	64,239 (23%)

Marijuana

See also: History of marijuana ballot measures and laws

Heading into November, marijuana was legal in 19 states and D.C. Of those 19 states, 13 and D.C. had legalized marijuana through the ballot measure process. In 2022, five more states decided on marijuana legalization ballot measures.

Voters in Maryland and Missouri approved legalization ballot measures. Voters in Arkansas, North Dakota, and South Dakota rejected the measures.

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
AR	CICA	Issue 4	Legalize marijuana in Arkansas		392,938 (44%)	505,128 (56%)
MD	LRCA	Question 4	Legalize marijuana in Maryland	a	1,302,161 (67%)	635,572 (33%)
MO	CICA	Amendment 3	Legalize marijuana in Missouri	a	1,092,432 (53%)	965,020 (47%)
ND	CISS	Statutory Measure 2	Legalize marijuana in North Dakota		107,608 (45%)	131,192 (55%)
SD	CISS	Initiated Measure 27	Legalize marijuana in South Dakota		163,584 (47%)	183,879 (53%)

Voting-related policies

Voters in six states decided on ballot measures to change voting-related policies. Topics included ranked-choice voting, early voting, absentee voting, voter identification, and more.

• In Nebraska, voters approved Initiative 432, which added language to the state constitution requiring photo identification to vote.

• Voters in Arizona also addressed a voter identification ballot measure. Proposition 209 would require date of birth and voter identification number for mail-in ballots and eliminate the two-document alternative to photo ID for in-person voting. As of Nov. 10, 'no' was leading with 51%.

• In Ohio, voters approved Issue 2, which prohibited local governments from allowing persons who lack the qualifications of an elector, including citizenship, to vote in local elections.

• Voters in Michigan approved Proposal 2, which added several election and voting policies to the Michigan Constitution. Policies adopted include creating a nine-day early voting period, providing voters with a right to request an absentee ballot, requiring the state to fund a number of absentee ballot dropboxes, providing that election officials are responsible for election audits, requiring election audits to be conducted in public, and requiring election results to be certified based on votes cast. Proposal 2 also added the existing voter identification or signed affidavit requirement to the constitution.

• Nevada Question 3 would adopt open top-five primaries and ranked-choice voting for general elections. This system would be used for congressional, gubernatorial, state executive official, and state legislative elections. As of Nov. 10, 'yes' was leading with 52%. In Nevada, an approved citizen-initiated constitutional amendment requires two votes. Approval of Question 3 in 2022 would require a second vote in 2024 before the measure can be enacted.

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
AZ	LRSS	Proposition 309	Require date of birth and voter identification number for mail-in ballots and eliminate two-document alternative to photo ID for in-person voting		1,201,181 (50%)	1,219,669 (50%)
CT	LRCA	Question 1	Allow the Legislature to provide for early voting	a	687,385 (61%)	448,295 (39%)
MI	CICA	Proposal 2	Add several election and voting policies to the Michigan Constitution	a	2,586,255 (60%)	1,725,110 (40%)
NE	CICA	Initiative 432	Require photo identification in order to vote	a	432,028 (65%)	228,031 (35%)
NV	CICA	Question 3	Provide for open top-five primaries and ranked-choice voting for general elections	a	524,868 (53%)	466,635 (47%)
OH	LRCA	Issue 2	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	3,099,868 (77%)	931,205 (23%)

Changes to state initiative processes

Voters in three states decided on legislative proposals to change citizen-initiated ballot measure processes this year on Nov. 8. On June 7, voters in South Dakota rejected an amendment.

In Arkansas, voters rejected a constitutional amendment to require a 60% vote to approve citizen-initiated measures. In Arizona, the results for Proposition 132, which would require a 60% vote to pass ballot measures to approve taxes, were uncalled. As of Nov. 10, 'Yes' was leading with 51%.

Voters in Arizona rejected Proposition 128, which would have allowed the Legislature to amend or repeal voter-approved ballot measures that contain provisions ruled unconstitutional by the Arizona Supreme Court or U.S. Supreme Court. Arizona Proposition 129, which would require citizen-initiated ballot measures to embrace a single subject, had received 55% of the vote as of Nov. 10.

In Colorado, voters approved Proposition GG, a legislative referral to require information about how changes in income tax owed for taxpayers in certain brackets must be included in the ballot title for initiated measures.

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
AR	LRCA	Issue 2	Require a 60% vote to approve ballot initiatives		353,812 (41%)	511,580 (59%)
AZ	LRCA	Proposition 128	Allow the Legislature to amend or repeal voter-approved ballot measures that contain provisions ruled unconstitutional by the Arizona Supreme Court or U.S. Supreme Court		859,675 (36%)	1,502,368 (64%)
AZ	LRCA	Proposition 129	Require citizen-initiated ballot measures to embrace a single subject	a	1,311,046 (55%)	1,062,533 (45%)
AZ	LRCA	Proposition 132	Require a 60% vote to pass ballot measures to approve taxes	a	1,210,702 (51%)	1,176,327 (49%)
CO	LRSS	Proposition GG	Require a table showing changes in income tax owed for average taxpayers in certain brackets to be included in the ballot title for initiated measures	a	1,704,757 (72%)	665,476 (28%)

Firearms

Voters in two states, Iowa and Oregon, decided on ballot measures related to firearms.

In Iowa, voters approved an amendment to add the right to bear firearms to the Iowa Constitution. In Oregon, voters decided on an initiative to require permits issued by local law enforcement to purchase a firearm and prohibit ammunition magazines capable of holding more than 10 rounds. As of Nov. 10, 'Yes' was leading with 51%.

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
IA	LRCA	Amendment 1	Provide for a state constitutional right to own and bear firearms	a	748,363 (65%)	399,959 (35%)
OR	CISS	Measure 114	Require permits issued by local law enforcement to buy a firearm and prohibit ammunition magazines capable of holding more than 10 rounds	a	975,862 (51%)	950,891 (49%)

Amendments on enslavement and criminal punishment

Before Nov. 8, 20 state constitutions included language permitting enslavement or servitude as criminal punishments or debt payments. Voters in five states decided on repealing such language.

Voters approved the amendments in each state, with the exception of Louisiana. In Louisiana, the amendment provided that "Slavery and involuntary servitude are prohibited" and "[This] does not apply to the otherwise lawful administration of criminal justice." The original legislative sponsor of Amendment 7 announced his opposition to the ballot measure before the election.

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
AL	LRCA	Question	Approve the Alabama Constitution of 2022	a	888,456 (76%)	273,040 (24%)
LA	LRCA	Amendment 7	Repeal language allowing involuntary servitude as criminal punishments		508,852 (39%)	790,787 (61%)
OR	LRCA	Measure 112	Repeal language allowing slavery or involuntary servitude as criminal punishments	a	1,047,028 (56%)	836,295 (44%)
TN	LRCA	Amendment 3	Repeal language allowing slavery or involuntary servitude as criminal punishments	a	1,294,296 (80%)	333,071 (20%)
VT	LRCA	Proposal 2	Prohibit slavery and indentured servitude in state constitution	a	238,466 (89%)	30,335 (11%)

Based on campaign finance

The campaigns surrounding the following 10 ballot measures featured on the general election ballot received the most contributions. As of Nov. 10, five of these measures were approved, four were defeated, and one was pending.

The campaign that received more contributions won seven (78%) and lost two (22%) of the nine races.

Note: The position (support or opposition) with more contributions is bolded.

Measure	Support	Opposition	Total	Status
California Proposition 27, Legalize Sports Betting and Revenue for Homelessness Prevention Fund Initiative	$169,344,582	$249,197,883	$418,542,466	d
California Proposition 26, Legalize Sports Betting on American Indian Lands Initiative	$132,233,260	$43,645,033	$175,878,293	d
California Proposition 29, Dialysis Clinic Requirements Initiative	$7,978,567	$86,357,629	$94,336,195	d
California Proposition 30, Tax on Income Above $2 Million for Zero-Emissions Vehicles and Wildfire Prevention Initiative	$47,995,250	$24,848,984	$72,844,233	d
Michigan Proposal 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative	$45,747,902	$17,353,513	$63,101,415	a
California Proposition 31, Flavored Tobacco Products Ban Referendum	$35,120,320	$23,234,918	$58,355,237	a
Massachusetts Question 1, Tax on Income Above $1 Million for Education and Transportation Amendment	$31,288,385	$14,534,242	$45,822,627	a
Michigan Proposal 2, Voting Policies in Constitution Initiative	$21,669,511	$7,424,724	$29,094,234	a
Nevada Question 3, Top-Five Ranked Choice Voting Initiative	$19,519,351	$1,575,000	$21,094,351	Pending
Massachusetts Question 2, Medical Loss Ratios for Dental Insurance Plans Initiative	$9,893,474	$9,347,812	$19,241,287	a

See also

• 2022 ballot measures
• Ballot initiatives filed for the 2022 ballot
• Ballot Measure Scorecard, 2022
• Ballotpedia's Tuesday Count for 2022
• List of ballot measures by state
• List of ballot measures by year

Related articles

• State Ballot Measure Monthly