Ballotpedia:Analysis of the 2022 statewide ballot measures

2022 U.S. state ballot measures
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State Ballot Measure Monthly
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December 15, 2022
By The Ballot Measures Team

In 2022, voters in 38 states decided on 140 statewide ballot measures. Voters approved 96 (68.6%) and rejected 44 (31.4%). The average number of statewide measures on the ballot in even-numbered years between 2010 and 2020 was 164.

• On November 8, voters in 37 states decided on 132 statewide ballot measures. Voters approved 90 and rejected 42 ballot measures on November 8.

• On December 10, voters in one state, Louisiana, decided on three ballot measures, all of which were approved.

• Earlier in 2022, voters in four states decided on five ballot measures. Voters approved three and rejected two of these measures.

There was also one ballot measure in Washington, D.C., and 11 in American Samoa.

What you will find in this report:

• a breakdown of approval rates by measure type
• a breakdown of measures by topic
• highlighted topics and unique measures
• historical comparisons of the numbers and types of measures
• data on citizen initiative activity compared to recent elections
• a summary of signature petition drive costs
• campaign finance data and analysis
• a comparison of the number of referrals to previous years
• analysis of amendments to state constitutions
• a summary of Ballotpedia's ballot language readability analysis; and
• a summary of bond and tax measures in 2022

Statistical summary

See also: 2022 ballot measures

The charts below include all statewide ballot measures on the ballot in 2022:

Total 2022 statewide ballot measures

Date	Approved	Defeated
May 7	2	0
May 24	1	0
June 7	0	1
August 2	0	1
November 8	90	42
December 10	3	0
Total	96 (68.57%)	44 (31.43%)

Citizen-initiated measures

See also: Ballot initiative and Veto referendum

Type	Total number	Number approved	Percent approved	Number defeated	Percent defeated
Initiated statutes	17	10	58.82%	7	41.18%
Initiated constitutional amendments	11	8	72.72%	3	27.27%
Veto referendums	2	2	100%	0	0%
Total initiatives	30	20	66.67%	10	33.33%

Legislative referrals

See also: Legislative referral

Type	Total number	Number approved	Percent approved	Number defeated	Percent defeated
Legislative statutes	16	13	81.25%	3	18.75%
Legislative constitutional amendments	88	62	70.45%	26	29.54%
Total legislative referrals	104	75	72.11%	29	27.89%

Advisory questions

See also: Advisory question

Number	Number approved	Percent approved	Number defeated	Percent defeated
3	1	33.33%	2	66.67%

Automatic ballot referrals

See also: Automatic ballot referral

Number	Number approved	Percent approved	Number defeated	Percent defeated
3	0	0%	3	100%

By topic

Trends in 2022

Click on the arrows (▼) below for details about each topic and a list of measures.

Abortion: 2022 featured the most abortion-related ballot measures on record.

See also: History of abortion ballot measures

Abortion has been a topic for statewide ballot measures since the 1970s. Between 2000 and 2022, there were just two general election cycles, 2002 and 2016, without abortion-related state ballot measures. In 2022, there were six ballot measures addressing abortion — the most on record for a single year. Before 2022, the highest number was four abortion-related measures in 1986.

In California, voters approved an amendment to add reproductive freedom, defined to include the "right to choose to have an abortion and... to choose or refuse contraceptives," to the California Constitution. In Michigan, voters approved a citizen-initiated measure to provide a state constitutional right to reproductive freedom, defined to include abortion, contraception, and other matters related to pregnancy. In Vermont, voters approved a constitutional amendment stating that "an individual’s right to personal reproductive autonomy is central to the liberty and dignity to determine one’s own life course."

In Kansas, voters rejected a ballot measure declaring that there is no state constitutional right to abortion on August 2. Voters in Kentucky rejected a similar amendment on November 8. Montanans defeated a measure to state that infants born alive at any stage of development are legal persons and require medical care to be provided to them.

November 8, 2022:

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
CA	LRCA	Proposition 1	Provide a state constitutional right to reproductive freedom, defined to include abortion and contraceptives	a	7,176,883 (67%)	3,553,561 (33%)
KY	LRCA	Constitutional Amendment 2	Provide that the state constitution does not create a right to an abortion or public abortion funding		675,634 (48%)	742,232 (52%)
MI	CICA	Proposal 3	Provide a state constitutional right to reproductive freedom, defined to include abortion, contraceptives, and pregnancy-related matters	a	2,482,382 (57%)	1,898,906 (43%)
MT	LRSS	LR-131	Require medical care be provided to infants born alive and make not providing care a felony		213,001 (47%)	235,904 (53%)
VT	LRCA	Proposal 5	Provide a state constitutional right to personal reproductive autonomy	a	212,323 (77%)	64,239 (23%)

August 2, 2022:

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
KS	LRCA	Amendment	Provide that the state constitution does not create a right to an abortion or public abortion funding		378,466 (41%)	543,855 (59%)

Marijuana: Measures to legalize marijuana for recreational use were on the ballot in five states.

Heading into November, marijuana was legal in 19 states and D.C. Of those 19 states, 12 and D.C. had legalized marijuana through the ballot measure process.

In 2022, five more states decided on marijuana legalization ballot measures. In the central U.S., voters in Arkansas, Missouri, North Dakota, and South Dakota considered citizen-initiated measures to legalize marijuana. In Missouri, the initiative was approved. In Arkansas, North Dakota, and South Dakota, the measures were defeated. In Maryland, the state Legislature voted to put the issue before voters, who approved the measure.

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
AR	CICA	Issue 4	Legalize marijuana in Arkansas		392,938 (44%)	505,128 (56%)
MD	LRCA	Question 4	Legalize marijuana in Maryland	a	1,302,161 (67%)	635,572 (33%)
MO	CICA	Amendment 3	Legalize marijuana in Missouri	a	1,092,432 (53%)	965,020 (47%)
ND	CISS	Statutory Measure 2	Legalize marijuana in North Dakota		107,608 (45%)	131,192 (55%)
SD	CISS	Initiated Measure 27	Legalize marijuana in South Dakota		163,584 (47%)	183,879 (53%)

Voting-related policies: Voters in seven states decided on ballot measures to change voting-related policies.

Voting - how to vote, when to vote, and who can vote - was on the ballot in seven states.

Nevadans approved an initiative to use ranked-choice voting for congressional and certain state offices. Nevada Question 3, which requires voter approval in 2022 and 2024, would establish open top-five primaries and ranked-choice voting for general elections. 

Connecticut, one of five states without some form of early voting, approved a constitutional amendment to allow no-excuse early voting.

In Michigan, an initiated constitutional amendment, Proposal 2, was approved. Proposal 2 established various voting policies as rights in the Michigan Constitution, such as requiring nine days of early voting, requiring the state to fund prepaid stamps and a system for tracking absentee ballots, and providing that people have a right to vote without harassment, interference, or intimidation.

In Arizona and Nebraska, voters decided on ballot measures to require or change voter identification requirements.

Voters in Ohio approved a constitutional amendment to prohibit local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote. Louisiana approved a similar amendment at an election on December 10.

December 10, 2022:

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LA	LRCA	Amendment 1	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	314,678 (73%)	113,808 (27%)

November 8, 2022:

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
AZ	LRSS	Proposition 309	Require date of birth and voter identification number for mail-in ballots and eliminate two-document alternative to photo ID for in-person voting		1,201,181 (50%)	1,219,669 (50%)
CT	LRCA	Question 1	Allow the Legislature to provide for early voting	a	687,385 (61%)	448,295 (39%)
MI	CICA	Proposal 2	Add several election and voting policies to the Michigan Constitution	a	2,586,255 (60%)	1,725,110 (40%)
NE	CICA	Initiative 432	Require photo identification in order to vote	a	432,028 (65%)	228,031 (35%)
NV	CICA	Question 3	Provide for open top-five primaries and ranked-choice voting for general elections	a	524,868 (53%)	466,635 (47%)
OH	LRCA	Issue 2	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	3,099,868 (77%)	931,205 (23%)

Changes to state initiative processes: Voters in four states decided on legislative proposals to change citizen-initiated ballot measure processes this year.

Legislatures in Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, and South Dakota passed measures on ballot initiatives.

In Arizona, voters decided three constitutional amendments: (1) to create a single-subject rule for ballot initiatives; (2) to allow the legislature to repeal a voter-approved ballot initiative following a state or federal supreme court order striking down a portion of the initiative; and (3) to require a 60% vote for voters to pass ballot measures to approve taxes. In Arizona, two of the measures were approved, and one measure was defeated.

In Arkansas and South Dakota, constitutional amendments to require three-fifths (60%) votes for certain citizen-initiated and referred measures were on the ballot. Both were defeated.

In Colorado, voters approved a proposal related to how ballot language is written for income tax-related initiatives.

November 8, 2022:

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
AR	LRCA	Issue 2	Require a 60% vote to approve ballot initiatives		353,812 (41%)	511,580 (59%)
AZ	LRCA	Proposition 128	Allow the Legislature to amend or repeal voter-approved ballot measures that contain provisions ruled unconstitutional by the Arizona Supreme Court or U.S. Supreme Court		859,675 (36%)	1,502,368 (64%)
AZ	LRCA	Proposition 129	Require citizen-initiated ballot measures to embrace a single subject	a	1,311,046 (55%)	1,062,533 (45%)
AZ	LRCA	Proposition 132	Require a 60% vote to pass ballot measures to approve taxes	a	1,210,702 (51%)	1,176,327 (49%)
CO	LRSS	Proposition GG	Require a table showing changes in income tax owed for average taxpayers in certain brackets to be included in the ballot title for initiated measures	a	1,704,757 (72%)	665,476 (28%)

June 7, 2022:

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
SD	LRCA	Constitutional Amendment C	Require a three-fifths vote of approval for ballot measures that increase taxes or fees or require the state to appropriate $10 million or more in the first five fiscal years		59,125 (33%)	122,417 (67%)

Amendments on enslavement, servitude, and criminal punishment: Before November, 20 state constitutions included language permitting enslavement or servitude as criminal punishments or debt payments; voters in five states decided on repealing such language.

Voters in five states — Alabama, Louisiana, Oregon, Tennessee, and Vermont — decided on ballot measures to repeal language from their state constitutions that allows for enslavement or servitude as punishments for crimes or, in Vermont, for the payment of debts, damages, or fines. Voters approved amendments in four states, and in Louisiana, the amendment was rejected.

In Alabama, the amendment was part of a recompiled state constitution that voters approved November 8. In 2020, voters authorized the Legislature to repeal racist language from the Alabama Constitution. The Committee on the Recompilation of the Constitution considered the servitude language to be racist, as well as having no practical impact on the state's current practices.

Prior to 2022, voters approved measures to repeal such language from their constitutions in three states — Colorado (2018), Nebraska (2020), and Utah (2020).

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
AL	LRCA	Question	Approve the Alabama Constitution of 2022	a	888,456 (76%)	273,040 (24%)
LA	LRCA	Amendment 7	Repeal language allowing involuntary servitude as criminal punishments		508,852 (39%)	790,787 (61%)
OR	LRCA	Measure 112	Repeal language allowing slavery or involuntary servitude as criminal punishments	a	1,047,028 (56%)	836,295 (44%)
TN	LRCA	Amendment 3	Repeal language allowing slavery or involuntary servitude as criminal punishments	a	1,294,296 (80%)	333,071 (20%)
VT	LRCA	Proposal 2	Prohibit slavery and indentured servitude in state constitution	a	238,466 (89%)	30,335 (11%)

Number of measures by topic

Click [show] in the chart below to reveal a breakdown of all 2022 measures by topic.

Note: Most measures concerned multiple topics and are included in multiple categories below. Therefore, the sum of the number in each category does not equal the total of all statewide measures in 2020. For measures that concerned multiple topics, Ballotpedia staff identified the key topics of the measure.

Topic	Number of measures	Percent of all 2022 measures
Abortion	6	4.38%
Administration of government	3	2.19%
Alcohol	4	2.92%
Bond issues	8	5.84%
Civil and criminal trials	3	2.19%
Constitutional conventions	3	2.19%
Constitutional language	6	4.38%
Constitutional rights	5	3.65%
Death penalty	1	0.73%
Direct democracy measures	6	4.38%
Drug crime policy	1	0.73%
Education	3	2.19%
Elections and campaigns	5	3.65%
Firearms	1	0.73%
Gambling	3	2.19%
Healthcare	4	2.92%
Housing	1	0.73%
Immigration	1	0.73%
Labor and unions	1	0.73%
Law enforcement	1	0.73%
Marijuana	5	3.65%
Minimum wage	2	1.46%
Religion	1	0.73%
Salaries of government officials	1	0.73%
State and local government budgets, spending, and finance	12	8.76%
State executive official measures	3	2.19%
State judiciary[	7	5.11%
State legislatures measures	7	5.11%
Taxes	24	17.52%
Term limits	2	1.46%
Tobacco	1	0.73%
Voting policy	5	3.65%
Water	1	0.73%

Measures through the years

From 2010 to 2022, an average of 161 statewide ballot measures — 53 initiated measures and 108 referred measures — appeared on ballots in even-numbered years. An initiated measure is a proposed law that people collect signatures for to put on the ballot. A referred measure is a proposed law that a legislature or commission, or constitutional provision in the case of automatic referrals, puts on the ballot for voters to decide.

Type	2022	2020	2018	2016	2014	2012	2010	Average (2010-2022)
Initiated ballot measures	30	43	68	76	40	61	50	53
Initiated constitutional amendments	11	15	26	25	8	19	17	17
Initiated state statutes	17	25	37	46	27	29	29	30
Veto referendums	2	4	5	5	5	13	5	6
Referred ballot measures	110	86	99	86	118	125	134	108
Legislative constitutional amendment	89	69	66	69	91	98	106	84
Legislative state statute	8	6	9	2	5	8	8	7
Commission-referred measure	0	0	7	0	1	0	0	1
Automatically referred measure	3	1	1	1	1	3	4	2
Bond issues	7	6	14	11	15	14	15	12
Advisory question	3	4	2	3	5	2	1	3
Total:	140	129	167	162	158	186	184	161

The following chart illustrates the numbers of initiated measures and referred measures for each even-numbered year from 2000 to 2022. The year with the most initiated measures, at 83, was 2006. The year with the most referred measures, at 168, was 2002.

Ballot initiative activity

See also: Ballot initiatives filed for the 2022 ballot

Initiatives on the ballot

There were 140 certified ballot measures in 2022 (132 of these measures were on the ballot on November 8). Out of these measures, 30 were citizen initiatives. There were 11 initiated constitutional amendments, 17 initiated state statutes, and 2 veto referendums.

This was the lowest amount of citizen-initiated measures on the ballot when comparing measures in even-numbered years since 2008. The average number of initiatives on the ballot in an even numbered year since 2010 was 53.

Number of initiatives since 2010
2022	2020	2018	2016	2014	2012	2010	Average
30	43	68	76	40	63	50	53

Initiative filing activity

In 2022, 851 citizen-initiated measures were filed and 30 of them were certified for the ballot. This means that 3.52% of all filed citizen initiatives were certified. This was a decrease from the previous even-numbered election year in 2020, where 881 citizen-initiated measures were filed and 43 of them (4.88%) were certified for the ballot.

This was the lowest percentage of proposed initiatives that were certified for the ballot out of all proposed initiatives. Since 2010, the year with the highest percentage of proposed initiatives that were certified for the ballot was 2012, with 11.3% of proposed citizen initiatives being certified for the ballot. In the previous even-numbered election year, 2020, 4.88% of proposed initiatives were certified for the ballot.

Overview of proposals

• Of the 26 states with some form of citizen-initiated measure, at least one measure was filed in 24 of them.
• In Illinois and New Mexico, no citizen-initiated measures were filed targeting the 2022 ballot.
• The state with the highest number of proposed initiatives was Washington. With 288 proposed initiatives, it accounted for 33.8% of all proposed initiatives in 2022.
• Colorado and Missouri had the second highest number of proposed initiatives—Colorado had 114 proposed initiatives, and Missouri had 91 proposed initiatives.
• The states with the least proposed citizen-initiated measures were Maryland (1), Utah (2), and Wyoming (2).

Overview of certifications

• Of the 26 states with some form of citizen-initiated measure, at least one measure appeared on the ballot in 12 of them (46.2%). In 2020, a citizen initiative appeared on the ballot in 16 of them (61.5%), and in 2018, a citizen initiative appeared on the ballot in 21 of them (80.8%).
• California and Colorado featured the most citizen initiatives on the ballot with six appearing on the ballot in Colorado, and five appearing on the ballot in California.
• In 2022, the number of initiatives appearing on statewide ballots ranged from 1 to 6.

The following table illustrates the number of citizen-initiated measures proposed, the number that appeared on the ballot, and the percentage of proposals that appeared on the ballot.

	2010	2012	2014	2016	2018	2020	2022
Proposed	606	566	616	1,069	947	881	851
Certified	50	63	40	76	68	43	30
Certified (%)	8.25%	11.13%	6.49%	7.11%	7.18%	4.88%	3.52%

The following graph illustrates the rate of all proposed ballot measures that were certified for the ballot by year.

Signature collection costs

See also: Ballot measure signature costs, 2022 and Ballot measures cost per required signatures analysis

For elections in 2022, 140 statewide ballot measures were certified for the ballot in 38 states. Of this total, 30 measures were citizen initiatives. Campaigns for these citizen-initiated measures spent a combined $118.29 million on signature gathering. The average CPRS in 2022 was $12.70, an increase from $8.09 in 2020, $6.19 in 2018, and $6.93 in 2016.

The average total petition drive cost for 2022 was $4.08 million, an increase from previous years. In 2020, the average total petition cost was $2.06 million. In 2018, the average cost was $1.13 million. In 2016, the average cost was $1.03 million. From 2016 to 2022, the average cost of a petition drive increased 297%.

The number of citizen-initiated measures that qualified for the ballot decreased 61% from 2016 to 2022, with 76 in 2016 and 30 in 2022.

Campaign contributions

See also: Ballot measure campaign finance, 2022

In 2022, 140 statewide ballot measures were certified for the ballot in 38 states. Eight were certified for non-general election dates. Of the 140 measures, 63 featured campaign finance.

Ballotpedia identified $1.10 billion in contributions to support or oppose statewide measures on ballots in 2022.

States with most contributions

The following five states had the most ballot measure campaign contributions:

State	Measures	Contributions
California	7	$724,847,875
Michigan	3	$102,391,250
Massachusetts	4	$71,457,334
Colorado	11	$45,640,682
Nevada	3	$25,443,272

Measures with most contributions

The campaigns surrounding the following 10 ballot measures had received the most contributions:

Measure	Support	Opposition	Total	Outcome
California Proposition 27, Legalize Sports Betting and Revenue for Homelessness Prevention Fund Initiative	$169,118,222	$249,335,163	$418,453,385	d
California Proposition 26, Legalize Sports Betting on American Indian Lands Initiative	$132,269,581	$44,925,033	$177,194,614	d
California Proposition 29, Dialysis Clinic Requirements Initiative	$7,978,567	$74,557,629	$82,536,195	d
California Proposition 30, Tax on Income Above $2 Million for Zero-Emissions Vehicles and Wildfire Prevention Initiative	$48,127,720	$31,875,794	$80,003,514	d
California Proposition 31, Flavored Tobacco Products Ban Referendum	$48,124,418	$23,258,855	$71,383,273	a
Michigan Proposal 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative	$47,880,884	$21,392,998	$69,273,882	a
Massachusetts Question 1, Tax on Income Above $1 Million for Education and Transportation Amendment	$32,098,401	$14,720,313	$46,818,714	a
Michigan Proposal 2, Voting Policies in Constitution Initiative	$23,604,735	$8,086,944	$31,691,679	a
Nevada Question 3, Top-Five Ranked Choice Voting Initiative	$23,018,272	$2,425,000	$25,443,272	a
Illinois Amendment 1, Right to Collective Bargaining Measure	$16,494,491	$3,288,596	$19,783,087	a

Comparison to prior years

The following graph shows the total contributions to state ballot measure committees in 2018, 2020, and 2022. California, as the state with the most committee contributions, is highlighted.

Contributions by state

State	Contributions	Expenditures	Percent of Total
California	$713,478,775	$661,458,473.03	67.42%
Michigan	$93,554,480	$80,161,755.49	8.84%
Massachusetts	$69,893,556	$67,178,508.73	6.60%
Colorado	$41,455,190	$40,962,244.04	3.92%
Nevada	$21,094,351	$10,148,698.82	1.99%
Arizona	$20,261,135	$19,021,530.70	1.91%
Kansas	$19,478,115	$18,736,944.67	1.84%
Arkansas	$16,740,245	$15,677,402.98	1.58%
Illinois	$14,599,633	$11,655,501.59	1.38%
South Dakota	$7,634,422	$7,033,371.60	0.72%
Missouri	$6,977,730	$7,818,909.64	0.66%
Kentucky	$6,311,392	$5,041,077.29	0.60%
New Mexico	$5,807,459	$4,891,599.41	0.55%
Nebraska	$5,383,922	$5,146,362.02	0.51%
Oregon	$5,047,937	$4,269,756.59	0.48%
New York	$4,211,583	$4,161,912.36	0.40%
Alaska	$2,850,445	$1,879,241.17	0.27%
Montana	$1,036,386	$715,003.29	0.10%
Vermont	$589,687	$581,939.85	0.06%
North Dakota	$576,392	$459,761.39	0.05%
Connecticut	$550,501	$480,232.01	0.05%
Tennessee	$380,759	$236,520.47	0.04%
Maryland	$304,630	$262,980.84	0.03%
Iowa	$31,073	$15,833.47	0.00%
Rhode Island	$5,000	$2,738.13	0.00%

Initiative contributions

Of the 30 initiated measures on the ballot, all featured campaign finance data. The position that raised more funds won 24 of 30 (80%) elections. The position that raised less or no funds won 6 of 30 (20%) the elections.

Initiated measure	Support contributions	Oppose contributions	Total contributions	Outcome	Did the campaign with more funding win?
Arizona Proposition 209, Healthcare Debt Interest Rate Limit and Debt Collection Exemptions Initiative (2022)	$12,700,870.29	$0.00	$12,700,870.29	a	Yes
Arizona Proposition 211, Campaign Finance Sources Disclosure Initiative (2022)	$1,391,328.01	$0.00	$1,391,328.01	a	Yes
California Proposition 28, Art and Music K-12 Education Funding Initiative (2022)	$10,596,036.19	$0.00	$10,596,036.19	a	Yes
California Proposition 31, Flavored Tobacco Products Ban Referendum (2022)	$35,120,319.54	$23,234,917.60	$58,355,237.14	a	Yes
Colorado Proposition 121, State Income Tax Rate Reduction Initiative (2022)	$587,249.38	$295,002.00	$882,251.38	a	Yes
Colorado Proposition 122, Decriminalization and Regulated Access Program for Certain Psychedelic Plants and Fungi Initiative (2022)	$4,590,486.00	$50,936.00	$4,641,422.00	a	Yes
Colorado Proposition 123, Dedicate State Income Tax Revenue to Fund Housing Projects Initiative (2022)	$5,616,814.00	$8,923.96	$5,625,737.96	a	Yes
Colorado Proposition 125, Wine Sales in Grocery and Convenience Stores Initiative (2022)	$13,831,959.55	$768,003.56	$14,599,963.11	a	Yes
Massachusetts Question 2, Medical Loss Ratios for Dental Insurance Plans Initiative (2022)	$9,893,474.41	$9,347,812.22	$19,241,286.63	a	Yes
Massachusetts Question 4, Remove Proof of Citizenship or Immigration Status for Driver's License Applications Referendum (2022)	$3,484,358.87	$214,015.65	$3,698,374.52	a	Yes
Michigan Proposal 2, Voting Policies in Constitution Amendment (2022)	$21,669,510.69	$7,424,723.58	$29,094,234.27	a	Yes
Michigan Proposal 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2022)	$45,747,902.04	$17,353,513.42	$63,101,415.46	a	Yes
Missouri Amendment 3, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2022)	$6,977,729.66	$0.00	$6,977,729.66	a	Yes
Nebraska Initiative 432, Photo Voter Identification Initiative (2022)	$2,177,500.00	$74,285.59	$2,251,785.59	a	Yes
Nebraska Initiative 433, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2022)	$3,132,136.79	$0.00	$3,132,136.79	a	Yes
Nevada Question 3, Top-Five Ranked Choice Voting Initiative (2022)	$19,519,351.36	$1,575,000.00	$21,094,351.36	a	Yes
North Dakota Constitutional Measure 1, Term Limits for Governor and State Legislators Initiative (2022)	$27,071.53	$0.00	$27,071.53	a	Yes
Oregon Measure 113, Exclusion from Re-election for Legislative Absenteeism Initiative (2022)	$2,401,368.59	$0.00	$2,401,368.59	a	Yes
Oregon Measure 114, Changes to Firearm Ownership and Purchase Requirements Initiative (2022)	$2,930,049.57	$173,205.26	$3,103,254.83	a	Yes
South Dakota Constitutional Amendment D, Medicaid Expansion Initiative (2022)	$4,287,604.17	$3,646.40	$4,291,250.57	a	Yes
Arkansas Issue 4, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2022)	$13,363,162.01	$2,294,557.00	$15,657,719.01	d	No
California Proposition 26, Legalize Sports Betting on American Indian Lands Initiative (2022)	$132,233,260.04	$43,645,033.00	$175,878,293.04	d	No
California Proposition 27, Legalize Sports Betting and Revenue for Homelessness Prevention Fund Initiative (2022)	$169,344,582.34	$249,197,883.31	$418,542,465.65	d	Yes
California Proposition 29, Dialysis Clinic Requirements Initiative (2022)	$7,978,566.51	$86,357,628.58	$94,336,195.09	d	Yes
California Proposition 30, Tax on Income Above $2 Million for Zero-Emissions Vehicles and Wildfire Prevention Initiative (2022)	$47,995,249.50	$24,848,983.80	$72,844,233.30	d	No
Colorado Proposition 124, Retail Liquor Store Licenses Initiative (2022)	$13,336,585.13	$768,003.56	$14,104,588.69	d	Yes
Colorado Proposition 126, Alcohol Delivery Service Initiative (2022)	$13,839,978.75	$768,003.56	$14,607,982.31	d	No
Massachusetts Question 3, Changes to Alcohol Retail Licensing Initiative (2022)	$1,131,255.04	$12.50	$1,131,267.54	d	No
North Dakota Statutory Measure 2, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2022)	$549,320.74	$0.00	$549,320.74	d	No
South Dakota Initiated Measure 27, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2022)	$176,821.16	$434,530.39	$611,351.55	d	Yes

Referral contributions

Of the 110 referred measures on the ballot, 33 featured campaign finance data.

Referred measure	Support contributions	Oppose contributions	Total contributions	Outcome	Did the campaign with more funding win?
Kansas No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (August 2022)	$8,007,205.34	$11,470,909.84	$19,478,115.18	d	Yes
Kentucky Constitutional Amendment 2, No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment (2022)	$1,008,682.11	$5,451,569.93	$6,460,252.04	d	Yes
Alaska Ballot Measure 1, Constitutional Convention Question (2022)	$61,606.95	$2,788,837.55	$2,850,444.50	d	Yes
Arizona Proposition 128, Legislative Changes to Ballot Initiatives with Invalid Provisions Amendment (2022)	$0.00	$2,781,471.04	$2,781,471.04	d	Yes
South Dakota Constitutional Amendment C, 60% Vote Requirement for Ballot Measures Increasing Taxes or Appropriating $10 Million Measure (June 2022)	$905,988.14	$1,825,831.31	$2,731,819.45	d	Yes
Arkansas Issue 2, 60% Supermajority Vote Requirement for Constitutional Amendments and Ballot Initiatives Measure (2022)	$78,000.00	$867,055.00	$945,055.00	d	Yes
Colorado Amendment F, Charitable Gaming Measure (2022)	$0.00	$8,923.96	$8,923.96	d	Yes
Arizona Proposition 310, Sales Tax for Fire District Funding Measure (2022)	$475,569.65	$0.00	$475,569.65	d	No
Arizona Proposition 309, Voter Identification Requirements for Mail-In Ballots and In-Person Voting Measure (2022)	$170,563.35	$0.00	$170,563.35	d	No
Massachusetts Question 1, Tax on Income Above $1 Million for Education and Transportation Amendment (2022)	$31,288,385.25	$14,534,241.62	$45,822,626.87	a	Yes
Arizona Proposition 129, Single-Subject Requirement for Ballot Initiatives Amendment (2022)	$555,000.00	$2,781,471.04	$3,336,471.04	a	No
Arizona Proposition 132, 60% Vote Requirement for Ballot Measures to Approve Taxes Amendment (2022)	$0.00	$2,781,471.04	$2,781,471.04	a	No
Montana LR-131, Medical Care Requirements for Born-Alive Infants Measure (2022)	$0.00	$1,036,386.21	$1,036,386.21	a	No
Illinois Amendment 1, Right to Collective Bargaining Measure (2022)	$13,599,632.60	$1,000,000.00	$14,599,632.60	a	Yes
California Proposition 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2022)	$14,866,742.01	$292,832.78	$15,159,574.79	a	Yes
Michigan Proposal 1, Legislative Term Limits and Financial Disclosure Amendment (2022)	$1,269,236.00	$142,299.30	$1,411,535.30	a	Yes
Tennessee Constitutional Amendment 1, Right-to-Work Amendment (2022)	$230,795.00	$43,133.82	$273,928.82	a	Yes
Iowa Amendment 1, Right to Keep and Bear Arms Amendment (2022)	$0.00	$31,073.00	$31,073.00	a	No
Vermont Proposal 5, Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy Amendment (2022)	$569,354.33	$20,664.84	$590,019.17	a	Yes
Colorado Proposition FF, Reduce Income Tax Deduction Amounts to Fund School Meals Program Measure (2022)	$1,683,838.94	$8,923.96	$1,692,762.90	a	Yes
Colorado Proposition GG, Include Income Tax Effects in Initiative Ballot Language Measure (2022)	$1,070,001.00	$8,923.96	$1,078,924.96	a	Yes
New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 1, Land Grant Permanent Fund Distribution for Early Childhood Education Amendment (2022)	$5,458,749.27	$0.00	$5,458,749.27	a	Yes
New York Proposal 1, Environmental Bond Measure (2022)	$4,211,583.21	$0.00	$4,211,583.21	a	Yes
Arizona Proposition 308, In-State Tuition for Non-Citizen Residents Measure (2022)	$2,186,332.80	$0.00	$2,186,332.80	a	Yes
Oregon Measure 112, Remove Slavery as Punishment for Crime from Constitution Amendment (2022)	$771,612.89	$0.00	$771,612.89	a	Yes
Oregon Measure 111, Right to Healthcare Amendment (2022)	$712,592.34	$0.00	$712,592.34	a	Yes
Connecticut Question 1, Allow for Early Voting Amendment (2022)	$550,501.00	$0.00	$550,501.00	a	Yes
New Mexico Bond Question 3, Public Education Bond Issue (2022)	$348,710.00	$0.00	$348,710.00	a	Yes
Rhode Island Question 1, University Narragansett Bay Campus Bond Measure (2022)	$255,100.24	$0.00	$255,100.24	a	Yes
Maryland Question 4, Marijuana Legalization Amendment (2022)	$211,370.00	$0.00	$211,370.00	a	Yes
Tennessee Constitutional Amendment 3, Remove Slavery as Punishment for Crime from Constitution Amendment (2022)	$106,830.64	$0.00	$106,830.64	a	Yes
Colorado Amendment E, Homestead Exemption to Surviving Spouses of U.S. Armed Forces Members and Veterans Measure (2022)	$8,923.96	$0.00	$8,923.96	a	Yes
Rhode Island Question 3, Environment and Recreation Bond Measure (2022)	$5,000.00	$0.00	$5,000.00	a	Yes

Contributions per vote

One method for analyzing the effectiveness of campaigns is to look at the size of their funds relative to the number of votes their position received, or the contributions per vote (CPV).

In 2022, the ballot initiative that saw the most contributions for and against was California Proposition 27 at $418.5 million. A total of 10.2 million people voted on Proposition 27, leading to a CPV of $41.02 per vote cast for both support and opposition combined. Supporters raised $169.3 million, and their position ('yes') received 1,794,689 votes, for a CPV of $94.36 per vote. Opponents raised $249.2 million, and their position ('no') received 8,407,777 votes, for a CPV of $29.64.

The following table includes the five ballot measures with the highest total combined CPVs in 2022.

Measure	Status	Total contributions	Total Votes	Total CPV
California Proposition 27, Legalize Sports Betting and Revenue for Homelessness Prevention Fund Initiative (2022)	d	$418,542,465.65	10,202,466	$41.02
Nevada Question 3, Top-Five Ranked Choice Voting Initiative (2022)	a	$21,094,351.36	991,503	$21.28
Kansas No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (August 2022)	d	$19,478,115.18	922,321	$21.12
Massachusetts Question 1, Tax on Income Above $1 Million for Education and Transportation Amendment (2022)	a	$45,822,626.87	2,422,138	$18.92
Arkansas Issue 4, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2022)	d	$15,657,719.01	898,066	$17.43

CPV for support campaigns

The following table illustrates the top-five CPV amounts for support campaigns, which is the amount received per each 'yes' vote on the ballot measure.

Measure	Status	Support contributions	Yes votes	Support CPV
California Proposition 27, Legalize Sports Betting and Revenue for Homelessness Prevention Fund Initiative (2022)	d	$169,344,582.34	1,794,689	$94.36
California Proposition 26, Legalize Sports Betting on American Indian Lands Initiative (2022)	d	$132,233,260.04	3,320,647	$39.82
Nevada Question 3, Top-Five Ranked Choice Voting Initiative (2022)	a	$19,519,351.36	524,868	$37.19
Arkansas Issue 4, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2022)	d	$13,363,162.01	392,938	$34.01
Massachusetts Question 1, Tax on Income Above $1 Million for Education and Transportation Amendment (2022)	a	$31,288,385.25	1,265,815	$24.72

CPV for opposition campaigns

The following table illustrates the CPV amounts for opposition campaigns, which is the amount received per each 'no' vote on the ballot measure.

Measure	Status	Opposition contributions	No votes	Opposition CPV
California Proposition 27, Legalize Sports Betting and Revenue for Homelessness Prevention Fund Initiative (2022)	d	$249,197,883.31	8407777	$29.64
Kansas No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (August 2022)	d	$11,470,909.84	543855	$21.09
Alaska Ballot Measure 1, Constitutional Convention Question (2022)	d	$2,788,837.55	180529	$15.45
South Dakota Constitutional Amendment C, 60% Vote Requirement for Ballot Measures Increasing Taxes or Appropriating $10 Million Measure (June 2022)	d	$1,825,831.31	122417	$14.91
Massachusetts Question 2, Medical Loss Ratios for Dental Insurance Plans Initiative (2022)	a	$9,347,812.22	681238	$13.72

Referral changes

There are multiple ways that a statewide measure can be put on the ballot, depending on the state. While 26 states have an initiative or veto referendum process, every state except for Delaware has a process for the state legislature to refer a constitutional amendment or state statute to the ballot. These measures are called legislative referrals.

Out of the 140 statewide measures certified for the ballot in 2022, 110 of them were legislatively referred ballot measures. This means that referrals accounted for 78.5% of the certified statewide measures on the ballot in 2022. Meanwhile, there were 30 citizen initiatives certified for the ballot in 2022.

Of the 110 referrals:

• 88 were legislatively referred constitutional amendments;
• 8 were legislatively referred state statutes;
• 3 were automatic ballot referrals;
• 7 were bond issues;
• 3 were advisory questions; and
• 1 measure asked voters to ratify a new updated and recompiled state constitution in Alabama.

The amount of statewide legislative referrals increased from the previous election. While 110 referrals were on the ballot in 2022, there were 86 referrals on the ballot in 2020, 92 referrals in 2018, and 86 referrals in 2016. The previous three even-numbered years, however, had a higher amount of statewide referrals on the ballot than in 2022. In 2014, there were 118 referrals on the ballot, in 2012 there were 125 referrals on the ballot, and in 2010 there were 134 referrals on the ballot.

	2022	2020	2018	2016	2014	2012	2010	Average (2010-2022)
Referred ballot measures	110	86	99	86	118	125	134	108

Constitutional amendments

See also: Constitutional amendments from 2006 through 2022

Voters in 28 states decided 99 constitutional amendments in 2022. Voters approved 70 (70.71%) and rejected 29 (29.29%). Of the constitutional amendments, 88 were referred to the ballot by state legislatures and 11 were put on the ballot through citizen initiative petitions. The approval rate of referred amendments was 70.70% and the approval rate for initiated amendments was 72.72%.

Note: In 2022 in Alabama, voters ratified a recompiled and updated state constitution, the Constitution of Alabama of 2022. In this report, this constitution ratification question is not counted as a constitutional amendment.

New constitutional rights

In total, fifteen of the constitutional amendments concerned constitutional rights. The following is a list of ballot measures that amended a state constitution’s Bill of Rights, often codified as Article I, or added explicit statements about rights to other sections of the constitution.

State	Measure	Section	Desription
Alabama	Alabama Amendment 1, Allow Denial of Bail for Offenses Enumerated by State Legislature Amendment (2022)	Declaration of Rights (Article I)	Amended constitutional rights surrounding bail
California	California Proposition 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2022)	Declaration of Rights (Article I)	Established a constitutional right to reproductive freedom, which was defined to include a right to an abortion and to choose or refuse contraceptives
Iowa	Iowa Amendment 1, Right to Keep and Bear Arms Amendment (2022)	Bill of Rights (Article I)	Established a constitutional right to own and bear firearms and require strict scrutiny for any alleged violations of the right brought before a court
Illinois	Illinois Amendment 1, Right to Collective Bargaining Measure (2022)	Bill of Rights (Article I)	Established a "fundamental right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing for the purpose of negotiating wages, hours, and working conditions, and to protect their economic welfare and safety at work"
Michigan	Michigan Proposal 2, Voting Policies in Constitution Amendment (2022)	Article II	Amended constitutional rights surrounding voting policy
Michigan	Michigan Proposal 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2022)	Declaration of Rights (Article I)	Established a constitutional right to reproductive freedom
Montana	Montana C-48, Search Warrant for Electronic Data Amendment (2022)	Declaration of Rights (Article II)	Amended state constitutional rights concerning searches and seizures; provided that electronic data and communications are protected from unreasonable search and seizure
Nebraska	Nebraska Initiative 432, Photo Voter Identification Initiative (2022)	Bill of Rights (Article I)	Amended constitutional rights surrounding voting policy; required valid photo identification in order to vote and authorize the state legislature to pass laws to specify the photo identification requirements
Nevada	Nevada Question 1, Equality of Rights Amendment (2022)	Declaration of Rights (Article I)	Added an an amendment prohibiting the denial or abridgment of rights on account of an individual's race, color, creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, disability, ancestry or national origin
0hio	Ohio Issue 1, Determining Bail Amount Based on Public Safety Amendment (2022)	Bill of Rights (Article I)	Amended constitutional rights surrounding bail
Oregon	Oregon Measure 111, Right to Healthcare Amendment (2022)	Bill of Rights (Article I)	Established a right to "cost-effective, clinically appropriate and affordable health care "for every Oregon resident
Oregon	Oregon Measure 112, Remove Slavery as Punishment for Crime from Constitution Amendment (2022)	Bill of Rights (Article I)	Removed language in the state constitution that allowed the use of slavery and involuntary servitude as criminal punishments, thereby prohibiting slavery and involuntary servitude without exception
Tennessee	Tennessee Constitutional Amendment 3, Remove Slavery as Punishment for Crime from Constitution Amendment (2022)	Declaration of Rights (Article I)	Removed language that allowed the use of slavery and involuntary servitude as criminal punishments and replaced it with the statement, "Slavery and involuntary servitude are forever prohibited."
Vermont	Vermont Proposal 2, Prohibit Slavery and Indentured Servitude Amendment (2022)	Declaration of Rights (Chapter I)	Repealed language stating that persons could be held as servants, slaves, or apprentices with the person's consent or "for the payments of debts, damages, fines, costs, or the like" and provided that "slavery and indentured servitude in any form are prohibited."
Vermont	Vermont Proposal 5, Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy Amendment (2022)	Declaration of Rights (Chapter I)	Added language to the state constitution protecting the right to personal reproductive autonomy and prohibiting government infringement unless justified by a compelling state interest

Concerning abortion:

In California, voters approved an amendment to add reproductive freedom, defined to include the "right to choose to have an abortion and... to choose or refuse contraceptives," to the California Constitution. In Michigan, voters approved a citizen-initiated measure to provide a state constitutional right to reproductive freedom, defined to include abortion, contraception, and other matters related to pregnancy. In Vermont, voters approved a constitutional amendment stating that "an individual’s right to personal reproductive autonomy is central to the liberty and dignity to determine one’s own life course."

In Kansas, voters rejected a ballot measure declaring that there is no state constitutional right to abortion on August 2. Voters in Kentucky rejected a similar amendment on November 8. Montanans defeated a measure to state that infants born alive at any stage of development are legal persons and require medical care to be provided to them.

Concerning enslavement, servitude, and criminal punishment:

Voters in five states — Alabama, Louisiana, Oregon, Tennessee, and Vermont — decided on ballot measures to repeal language from their state constitutions that allows for enslavement or servitude as punishments for crimes or, in Vermont, for the payment of debts, damages, or fines. Voters approved amendments in four states, and in Louisiana, the amendment was rejected.

In Alabama, the amendment was part of a recompiled state constitution that voters approved November 8. In 2020, voters authorized the Legislature to repeal racist language from the Alabama Constitution. The Committee on the Recompilation of the Constitution considered the servitude language to be racist, as well as having no practical impact on the state's current practices.

Prior to 2022, voters approved measures to repeal such language from their constitutions in three states — Colorado (2018), Nebraska (2020), and Utah (2020).

Approval rates for constitutional amendments, 2006-2022

Statistically, from 2006 through 2022, off-year election cycles featured a higher approval rate for proposed constitutional amendments than even years. In 2007, 28 of the 31 proposed amendments were approved, for a rate of 90%. In 2013, amendments passed at a rate of 89%. In 2017, all 17 amendments on the ballot were approved, for the highest approval rate since 1947. Only one of the proposed amendments was put on the ballot through a citizen initiative petition. In contrast, 2006 and 2022, the even-numbered years with the highest approval rates, had rates of 74.5% and 73.81%, respectively. In 2019, the approval rate for the 18 amendments with certified election results was 83.3%.

Below is a table showing all 50 states and the total number of proposed constitutional amendments and each states overall approval rate for the period from 2006 through 2022. States with an asterisk feature a process for citizen-initiated constitutional amendments. Click show to [expand] the table.

State	Proposed amendments	Approved amendments	Approval rate
Alabama	72	60	83.33%
Alaska*	2	0	0.00%
Arizona*	40	24	60.00%
Arkansas*	26	19	73.08%
California*	54	28	51.85%
Colorado*	56	23	41.07%
Connecticut	5	4	80.00%
Delaware	0	0	0.00%
Florida*	59	37	62.71%
Georgia	28	24	85.71%
Hawaii	17	10	58.82%
Idaho*	12	11	91.67%
Illinois*	7	5	71.43%
Indiana	3	3	100.00%
Iowa	3	3	100.00%
Kansas	9	7	77.78%
Kentucky	6	3	50.00%
Louisiana	119	83	69.75%
Maine*	6	5	83.33%
Maryland*	21	21	100.00%
Massachusetts*	1	1	100.00%
Michigan*	18	12	66.67%
Minnesota	5	3	60.00%
Mississippi*	8	5	62.50%
Missouri*	37	27	72.97%
Montana*	9	6	66.67%
Nebraska*	23	13	56.52%
Nevada*	30	19	63.33%
New Hampshire	7	4	57.14%
New Jersey	23	19	82.61%
New Mexico*	32	28	87.50%
New York	19	15	78.95%
North Carolina	9	7	77.78%
North Dakota*	27	17	62.96%
Ohio*	24	17	70.83%
Oklahoma*	40	29	72.50%
Oregon*	37	25	67.57%
Pennsylvania	8	8	100.00%
Rhode Island	7	5	71.43%
South Carolina	20	17	85.00%
South Dakota*	28	13	46.43%
Tennessee	11	11	100.00%
Texas	82	78	95.12%
Utah*	29	24	82.76%
Vermont	3	3	100.00%
Virginia	15	14	93.33%
Washington*	14	12	85.71%
West Virginia	9	4	44.44%
Wisconsin	6	5	83.33%
Wyoming*	13	8	61.54%

Readability

See also: Ballot measure readability scores, 2022

In 2022, Ballotpedia estimated the reading difficulty of ballot measures' titles and summaries using two formulas, the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL). The formulas account for the number of syllables, words, and sentences in the ballot language, but not the difficulty or complexity of the ideas expressed in the ballot language.

The entire report can be viewed here: Ballot measure readability scores, 2022.

In 2022, the average Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level for the ballot titles (ballot questions) of all 140 statewide 2022 ballot measures was 19 (third-year graduate school reading level). The average ballot title grade for all measures in a single state averaged together ranged from 7 in Iowa to 44 in Kentucky. Citizen-initiated measures received an average title grade of 17 years of education, and referred measures received an average title grade of 20 years.

Bond and tax issues on the ballot

See also: Analysis of bond and tax issue approval on statewide ballots

Eight bond issues were on the ballot in four states in 2022. One bond measure in Alabama (totaling $85 million), three bond measures in Rhode Island (totaling $400 million), three bond measures in New Mexico (totaling $260 million), and one bond measure in New York (totaling $4.20 billion). All ballot measures were approved, totaling $4.94 billion in new bonds. The largest bond measure approved in 2022 was New York Proposal 1, which authorized $4.20 billion in bonds for projects related to the environment, natural resources, water infrastructure, and climate change mitigation.

Bond issues	Approved a	Defeated d
8	8	0

Total amount on 2022 ballot	Approved total amount	Defeated total amount
$4,944,722,000	$4,944,722,000	$0

Following are summaries of the bond issues on the ballot in 2022:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Alabama Amendment 1	Bonds	Issues $85 million in bonds for historical sites and state parks	a
BI	Rhode Island Question 1	Bonds	Issues $100 million in bonds for the University of Rhode Island Narragansett Bay Campus marine discipline educational and research needs	a
BI	Rhode Island Question 2	Bonds	Issues $250 million in bonds for construction and renovation of state public school buildings	a
BI	Rhode Island Question 3	Bonds	Issues $50 million in bonds for environmental and recreational purposes	a
BI	New Mexico Bond Question 1	Bond issues	Issues $24.47 million in bonds for senior citizen facility improvements	a
BI	New Mexico Bond Question 2	Bond issues	Issues $19.27 million in bonds for public libraries	a
BI	New Mexico Bond Question 3	Bond issues	Issues $215.99 million in bonds for public higher education institutions, special public schools, and tribal schools	a
BI	New York Proposal 1	Bond issues	Issues $4.20 billion in bonds for projects related to the environment, natural resources, water infrastructure, and climate change mitigation	a

Tax measures

Voters in nine states voted on 19 ballot measures addressing tax-related policies. Twelve of the measures were approved and seven were defeated.

In addition to the binding ballot measures, there were three advisory vote questions on the ballot in Washington and in Idaho that asked voters whether the legislature should maintain or repeal tax bills they had passed in the 2022 legislative session. Both measures in Washington were defeated, and the measure in Idaho was approved.

Highlights

• Fourteen of the measures concerned property taxes, five of the measures concerned income taxes, and one of the measures concerned sales taxes.
• Thirteen of the statewide tax measures were approved in 2022, while nine were defeated.
• Massachusetts voters approved Question 1, which created a 4% tax on income above $1 million and allocate revenue for education and transportation purposes

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Arizona Proposition 130	Taxes	Allows the Legislature to set certain property tax exemption amounts and qualifications	a
LRSS	Arizona Proposition 310	Taxes	Creates a 0.1% sales tax for 20 years to fund fire districts	d
CISS	California Proposition 30	Taxes	Creates a 1.75% tax on personal income above $2 million and allocate revenue for zero-emissions vehicle and wildfire programs	d
LRCA	Colorado Amendment E	Taxes	Extends an existing homestead exemption for disabled veterans to the surviving spouses of military personnel and certain veterans	a
CISS	Colorado Proposition 121	Taxes	Reduces the state income tax rate from 4.55% to 4.40%	a
LRSS	Colorado Proposition FF	Taxes	Reduces income tax deduction caps and allocate increased revenue to a program for free school meals and local school food grants	a
LRCA	Florida Amendment 1	Taxes	Authorizes the Legislature to prohibit flood resistance improvements from being taken into consideration when determining a property's assessed value for tax purposes	d
LRCA	Florida Amendment 3	Taxes	Authorizes the Legislature to provide an additional homestead property tax exemption for certain public service workers	d
LRCA	Georgia Amendment 2	Taxes	Authorizes local governments to grant tax relief to properties that are damaged due to a disaster and located within a declared disaster area	a
LRSS	Georgia Referendum A	Taxes	Exempts timber equipment owned by a timber producer from property taxes	a
LRSS	Georgia Referendum B	Taxes	Expands agricultural equipment tax exemption and produce to include those owned by merged family farms	a
AQ	Idaho Advisory Ballot	Taxes	Advises the Legislature on a bill to enact a flat income and corporate tax structure, send tax rebates to qualifying taxpayers, and dedicate an annual $400 million to education	a
LRCA	Louisiana Amendment 2	Taxes	Expands property tax exemptions for disabled veterans with a service-related disability	a
LRCA	Louisiana Amendment 5	Taxes	Provides that property tax rates can be increased by a two-thirds vote of a taxing authority up to the maximum rate allowed by the constitution	d
LRCA	Louisiana Amendment 6	Taxes	Limits the increase in the assessed value of residential property in Orleans Parish to 10% of the property's assessed value	d
LRCA	Louisiana Amendment 8	Taxes	Removes the annual income recertification requirement to receive special assessment property tax rates for homeowners that are permanently and totally disabled	a
LRCA	Massachusetts Question 1	Taxes	Creates a 4% tax on income above $1 million and allocate revenue for education and transportation purposes	a
LRCA	Texas Proposition 1	Taxes	Authorizes the Legislature to reduce the school tax limits for senior and disabled residents to reflect reductions passed as statute from the preceding tax year	a
LRCA	Texas Proposition 2	Taxes	Increases the homestead exemption for school district taxes from $25,000 to $40,000	a
AQ	Washington Advisory Vote 39	Taxes	Advises the Legislature to either maintain or repeal a tax increase on aircraft fuel from 11 cents to 18 cents per gallon	d
AQ	Washington Advisory Vote 40	Taxes	Advises the Legislature to either maintain or repeal a tax on transportation network companies	d
LRCA	West Virginia Amendment 2	Taxes	Authorizes the Legislature to exempt personal property used for business activity from property taxes	d

See also

• 2022 ballot measures
• Ballot measure readability scores, 2022
• Ballot measure signature costs, 2022
• Ballot measure campaign finance, 2022
• Ballot Measure Scorecard, 2022
• Ballotpedia's Tuesday Count for 2022
• List of ballot measure lawsuits in 2022
• 2022 ballot measure polls
• 2022 ballot measure media endorsements