Tom Malinowski

Tom Malinowski (Democratic Party) ran in a special election to the U.S. House to represent New Jersey's 11th Congressional District. He was on the ballot in the special Democratic primary on February 5, 2026.^[source]

Malinowski (Democratic Party) was a member of the U.S. House, representing New Jersey's 7th Congressional District. He assumed office on January 3, 2019. He left office on January 3, 2023.

Malinowski immigrated from Poland to the U.S. when he was six years old. He served as the assistant secretary of state for democracy, human rights, and labor from 2014 to 2017, during President Barack Obama's administration.^[1]

As of January 2019, Malinowski's Congressional biography described his platform as "fighting for policies that would help the Middle Class in New Jersey, like restoring the SALT deduction, securing infrastructure funding for roads, bridges, and the Gateway Tunnel, and keeping healthcare accessible and affordable."^[1] For more on Malinowski's campaign themes, click here.

Biography

Malinowski received a bachelor's degree from the University of California, Berkeley in 1987 and an M.Phil. from Oxford University, where he was a Rhodes Scholar, in 1991. Malinowski was a senior director on the National Security Council during the Clinton administration, a chief advocate for Human Rights Watch, and an assistant secretary in the U.S. Department of State during the Obama administration. Malinowski immigrated from Poland to the U.S. at age six.^[2]^[3]

2026 battleground election

See also: New Jersey's 11th Congressional District special election, 2026 (February 5 Democratic primary)

Ballotpedia identified the February 5 special Democratic primary for New Jersey's 11th Congressional District as a battleground election. The summary below is from our coverage of this election, found here.

Eleven candidates ran in the special Democratic primary for New Jersey's 11th Congressional District on Feb. 5, 2026. John Bartlett (D), Brendan Gill (D), Tom Malinowski (D), Analilia Mejia (D), and Tahesha Way (D) led in endorsements and media attention. The previous incumbent, Mikie Sherrill (D), resigned on Nov. 20, 2025, following her election as New Jersey's 57th governor.

The New York Times' Tracey Tully wrote that "the heightened level of candidate interest stems both from the rarity of an open seat in the middle of a congressional cycle and from New Jersey's recent changes to its primary ballot design, which weakened the power of local party leaders and helped to level the playing field for independent candidates."^[4]

According to NJ Spotlight News' Colleen O'Dea, the district was "once considered a safe Republican district, it shifted for Democrats when Sherrill won a decisive victory in the 2018 blue wave, defeating state Assemblyman Jay Webber (R-Morris) after incumbent Republican Rodney Frelinghuysen retired that year."^[5]

Bartlett was first elected to an at-large seat on the Passaic County Board of County Commissioners in 2012. At the time of the election, he was also a partner at the law firm Murphy Orlando LLC.^[6]

Bartlett's campaign website stated that "at a time when our democracy is being tested, and Trump's MAGA Republicans are making life harder and more expensive for everyday Americans, John is ready to continue the fight for freedom, affordability, and opportunity."^[7] The Passaic County Democratic Committee endorsed Bartlett.^[8]

Gill was first elected to an at-large seat on the Essex County Board of County Commissioners in 2010. At the time of the election, he was also the chief executive officer of the consulting firm, the BGill Group, and the chair of the Montclair Democratic County Committee.^[9]

Gill said, "I'm running for Congress because our president, enabled by bootlickers in Congress and Wall Street, is wreaking havoc on our streets, hollowing out our economy, [and] tearing down our American values. I'm running to fight back against Donald Trump and his crooked buddies, and to make sure that everyone has a place at the table."^[10] New Jersey Gov. Phil Murphy (D) and the Essex County Democratic Committee endorsed Gill.^[11]^[12]

Malinowski represented New Jersey's 7th Congressional District from 2019 to 2023. He previously worked as a senior director on the National Security Council during the Clinton administration and as an assistant secretary in the U.S. Department of State during the Obama administration.^[13]

Malinowski said, "I feel very strongly that we need a Congress that will check the president's corruption and abuse of power, and go back to doing its job to build an economy that works for people bottom-up rather than billionaire-down. I've got the experience, I've done it before, and I'll be ready to do it effectively the day I'm elected."^[14] U.S. Sen. Andrew Kim (D-N.J.) and the Morris County Democratic Committee endorsed Malinowski.^[15]^[16]

Mejia was, at the time of the election, the co-director of the Center for Popular Democracy. She previously served as the deputy director of the Women's Bureau in the U.S. Department of Labor during the Biden administration and as political director on Sen. Bernie Sanders' (I-Vt.) 2020 presidential campaign.^[17]

Mejia said, "Too many Democrats in Washington are selling us out and folding under pressure. Plain old blue just won't cut it anymore. We need real fighters in Congress, and I'm running to be a brawler for working families. I won't be afraid to stand up to Trump or his billionaire friends."^[18] Sanders and Newark Mayor Ras J. Baraka endorsed Mejia.^[19]

Way was first appointed New Jersey Lieutenant Governor in 2023 and New Jersey Secretary of State in 2018. She served on the Passaic County Board of County Commissioners from 2008 to 2010 and as special counsel with the Passaic County Board of Social Services.^[20]

Way said, "I've spent my entire life fighting for and protecting our right to vote, tackling New Jersey's affordability crisis, and ensuring access to health care. I'm the one with the proven results, and I can get it done, day one."^[21] The Passaic County Democratic Committee endorsed Way.^[8]

Zach Beecher (D), J-L Cauvin (D), Cammie Croft (D), Jeffrey Grayzel (D), Justin Strickland (D), and Anna Lee Williams (D) also ran in the special Democratic primary.

In New Jersey, the congressional candidate who wins the largest share of the vote wins the election. A congressional candidate does not need to win an outright majority to advance to the general election.

J-L Cauvin (D), Cammie Croft (D), Justin Strickland (D), and Anna Lee Williams (D) completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. To read those survey responses, click here.

As of February 9, 2026, 11 special elections have been called for the 119th Congress. From the 113th Congress to the 118th Congress, 80 special elections were held. For more data on historical congressional special elections, click here.

Elections

2026

General election

The primary occurred on February 5, 2026. The general election will occur on April 16, 2026. General election candidates will be added here following the primary.

The candidate list in this election may not be complete.

Special general election for U.S. House New Jersey District 11

Joe Hathaway (R) is running in the special general election for U.S. House New Jersey District 11 on April 16, 2026.

		Candidate
		Joe Hathaway (R)

	There are no incumbents in this race.
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Democratic primary

The candidate list in this election may not be complete.

Special Democratic primary for U.S. House New Jersey District 11

The following candidates ran in the special Democratic primary for U.S. House New Jersey District 11 on February 5, 2026.

	Candidate	%	Votes
	Analilia Mejia	28.8	17,647
	Tom Malinowski	28.0	17,161
	Tahesha Way	17.5	10,696
	Brendan Gill	14.2	8,731
	John Bartlett	2.8	1,693
	Justin Strickland	2.1	1,309
	Jeffrey Grayzel	2.0	1,211
	Zach Beecher	1.9	1,184
	Cammie Croft	1.0	626
	Anna Lee Williams	0.8	491
Submit photo	Dean Dafis (Withdrew, still on ballot)	0.4	263
	J-L Cauvin	0.4	261

	There were no incumbents in this race. Source The outcome of this election has not been called yet.	Total votes: 61,273
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary

The candidate list in this election may not be complete.

Special Republican primary for U.S. House New Jersey District 11

Joe Hathaway (R) advanced from the special Republican primary for U.S. House New Jersey District 11 on February 5, 2026.

		Candidate
✔		Joe Hathaway

	There were no incumbents in this race.
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Polls

See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls

Polls are conducted with a variety of methodologies and have margins of error or credibility intervals.^[22] The Pew Research Center wrote, "A margin of error of plus or minus 3 percentage points at the 95% confidence level means that if we fielded the same survey 100 times, we would expect the result to be within 3 percentage points of the true population value 95 of those times."^[23] For tips on reading polls from FiveThirtyEight, click here. For tips from Pew, click here.

Below we provide results for polls from a wide variety of sources, including media outlets, social media, campaigns, and aggregation websites, when available. We only report polls for which we can find a margin of error or credibility interval. Know of something we're missing? Click here to let us know.

New Jersey's 11th Congressional District special election (Democratic primary), 2026 polls
Poll	Dates	Bartlett	Beecher	Gill	Grayzel	Malinowski	Mejia	Way	Other	Undecided	Sample size	Margin of error	Sponsor
GQR Research Note Hypothetical special Democratic primary election poll.	Nov. 19, 2025–Nov. 23, 2025	2	1	12	2	28	5	5	14	31	400 LV	± 5.4%	Tom Malinowski (D)
Note: LV is likely voters, RV is registered voters, and EV is eligible voters.

Campaign spending

Name	Party	Receipts*	Disbursements**	Cash on hand	Date
John Bartlett	Democratic Party	$465,705	$394,511	$260,855	As of January 16, 2026
Zach Beecher	Democratic Party	$504,639	$293,417	$211,221	As of January 16, 2026
J-L Cauvin	Democratic Party	$100,000	$30,896	$69,104	As of January 16, 2026
Cammie Croft	Democratic Party	$372,318	$239,229	$133,089	As of January 16, 2026
Dean Dafis	Democratic Party	$76,949	$24,893	$52,006	As of January 16, 2026
Brendan Gill	Democratic Party	$808,103	$460,108	$347,995	As of January 16, 2026
Jeffrey Grayzel	Democratic Party	$428,174	$351,605	$76,569	As of January 16, 2026
Tom Malinowski	Democratic Party	$1,161,127	$756,930	$404,197	As of January 16, 2026
Analilia Mejia	Democratic Party	$420,218	$62,097	$358,121	As of January 16, 2026
Justin Strickland	Democratic Party	$70,012	$67,837	$2,175	As of January 16, 2026
Tahesha Way	Democratic Party	$404,541	$319,178	$85,363	As of January 16, 2026
Anna Lee Williams	Democratic Party	$26,422	$18,249	$8,173	As of January 16, 2026
Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2026. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC). * According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." ** According to the FEC, a disbursement "is a purchase, payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit or gift of money or anything of value to influence a federal election," plus other kinds of payments not made to influence a federal election.

Satellite spending

See also: Satellite spending

Satellite spending describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.^[24]^[25]^[26]

If available, this section includes links to online resources tracking satellite spending in this election. To notify us of a resource to add, email us.

By candidate	By election
John Bartlett Zach Beecher J-L Cauvin Cammie Croft Dean Dafis Brendan Gill Jeffrey Grayzel Tom Malinowski Analilia Mejia Justin Strickland Tahesha Way Anna Lee Williams	Federal Election Commission

Endorsements

Malinowski received the following endorsements. To send us additional endorsements, click here.

U.S. Sen. Andrew Kim (D)
Democrats Work for America
Morris County Democratic Committee

2022

General election

General election for U.S. House New Jersey District 7

Thomas Kean Jr. defeated incumbent Tom Malinowski in the general election for U.S. House New Jersey District 7 on November 8, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Thomas Kean Jr. (R)	51.4	159,392
	Tom Malinowski (D)	48.6	150,701

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 310,093
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Clayton Pajunas (L)
Veronica Fernandez (Of, By, For!)

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House New Jersey District 7

Incumbent Tom Malinowski defeated Roger Bacon in the Democratic primary for U.S. House New Jersey District 7 on June 7, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Tom Malinowski	94.5	37,304
	Roger Bacon	5.5	2,185

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 39,489
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Brandon Wienberg (D)

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House New Jersey District 7

The following candidates ran in the Republican primary for U.S. House New Jersey District 7 on June 7, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Thomas Kean Jr.	45.6	25,111
		Philip Rizzo	23.6	12,988
		Erik Peterson	15.4	8,493
		John P. Flora	5.5	3,051
		John Isemann	5.0	2,732
		Kevin Dorlon	4.1	2,237
	Submit photo	Sterling Schwab	0.8	429

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 55,041
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2020

New Jersey's 7th Congressional District election, 2020 (July 7 Democratic primary)

New Jersey's 7th Congressional District election, 2020 (July 7 Republican primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House New Jersey District 7

Incumbent Tom Malinowski defeated Thomas Kean Jr. in the general election for U.S. House New Jersey District 7 on November 3, 2020.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Tom Malinowski (D)	50.6	219,629
	Thomas Kean Jr. (R)	49.4	214,318

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 433,947
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House New Jersey District 7

Incumbent Tom Malinowski advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House New Jersey District 7 on July 7, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Tom Malinowski	100.0	80,334

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 80,334
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House New Jersey District 7

Thomas Kean Jr. defeated Raafat Barsoom and Tom Phillips in the Republican primary for U.S. House New Jersey District 7 on July 7, 2020.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Thomas Kean Jr.	79.4	45,395
	Raafat Barsoom	10.8	6,151
	Tom Phillips	9.8	5,631

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 57,177
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

2018

See also: New Jersey's 7th Congressional District election, 2018

See also: New Jersey's 7th Congressional District election (June 5, 2018 Democratic primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House New Jersey District 7

Tom Malinowski defeated incumbent Leonard Lance, Diane Moxley, and Gregg Mele in the general election for U.S. House New Jersey District 7 on November 6, 2018.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Tom Malinowski (D)	51.7	166,985
	Leonard Lance (R)	46.7	150,785
	Diane Moxley (G)	0.8	2,676
	Gregg Mele (Freedom, Responsibility, Action Party)	0.7	2,296

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 322,742 (100.00% precincts reporting)
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House New Jersey District 7

Tom Malinowski defeated Peter Jacob and Goutam Jois in the Democratic primary for U.S. House New Jersey District 7 on June 5, 2018.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Tom Malinowski	66.8	26,172
	Peter Jacob	19.1	7,503
	Goutam Jois	14.1	5,507

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.	Total votes: 39,182
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House New Jersey District 7

Incumbent Leonard Lance defeated Lindsay Brown and Raafat Barsoom in the Republican primary for U.S. House New Jersey District 7 on June 5, 2018.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Leonard Lance	74.9	24,934
	Lindsay Brown	14.4	4,795
	Raafat Barsoom	10.7	3,556

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified.	Total votes: 33,285
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Campaign themes

2026

Ballotpedia survey responses

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Campaign website

Malinowski's campaign website stated the following:

Lower Costs
Lowering the high cost of living — from health care, to housing, to food, to energy — is where Donald Trump has failed and we must succeed. Trump raised costs with his tariff tax, and his attacks on health care and energy subsidies. Here’s my top ten list of what Congress should do to make our lives more affordable:

REPEAL TRUMP’S MINDLESS TARIFFS.

Congress can and must revoke the “emergency” authority Trump has used to impose a massive tariff tax on American consumers and companies, and reclaim its authority to regulate tariffs under the U.S. Constitution.

RESTORE CLEAN ENERGY INVESTMENTS AND TAX CREDITS.

To lower the price of electricity, we must generate more of it. And virtually all recent additions to the supply of electricity have come from renewables — including solar, wind, and nuclear power — spurred by incentives created by the Inflation Reduction Act, which I helped pass in 2022. Yet Republicans have repealed parts of this law, driving the cost of electricity up. Congress must restore them while passing reasonable permitting reform. This will lower costs, slow climate change, and ensure that America leads the world to clean energy.

MAKE DATA CENTERS AND THE CRYPTO INDUSTRY PAY THE REAL COST OF THE ENERGY THEY USE.

Most of the increased demand driving electricity prices up is coming from big AI data centers (with crypto “mining” also contributing). They should either generate their own power, or pay a price that mitigates the higher rates they’ve caused ordinary Americans to pay. Any subsidies for the AI industry should be tied to such steps, and Congress should prohibit states from engaging in a race-to-the-bottom contest to subsidize these industries.

PROTECT AMERICANS FROM SKYROCKETING HEALTH INSURANCE COSTS.

Congress must restore Affordable Care Act tax credits that keep health insurance premiums down for everyone, reverse the Republicans’ cruel cuts to Medicaid, and crack down on insurance company practices that wrongly deny claims or coverage or make care unaffordable.

ADDRESS THE UNDERLYING COST OF HEALTH CARE.

Health care is a human right, and access must be guaranteed. But simply subsidizing a health care system that costs us two or three times more than in any other advanced country will bankrupt America. To spur competition, Congress should give all Americans the freedom to buy into a public health care plan like Medicare. It should lower prescription drug costs by expanding the number of drugs subject to Medicare negotiation, and cut out middlemen that drive up costs without improving health. It should require the digitization of health records — all Americans should have a portable record of all their interactions with the health care system. And it should incentivize new ways of paying for treatments based on outcomes not volume.

ENFORCE ANTI-TRUST LAWS.

Truly free markets keep costs down. But monopolies make everything more expensive. And today, a corrupt Trump administration is gutting anti-trust enforcement on behalf of its billionaire friends. For example, corporations like Union Pacific (which wants to monopolize freight rail supply chains in the U.S.) are seeking approval for mergers while contributing millions to Trump’s White House ballroom. Congress must strengthen pro-competition laws and conduct vigorous oversight of enforcement.

MAKE IT EASIER TO BUILD HOUSING.

Congress should create incentives to reward state and local governments that enact reforms to increase supply, and decrease the cost, of housing, such as scaling back single family zoning, up-zoning near transit, ending minimum parking requirements, and legalizing accessory dwelling units, eliminate unnecessary red tape, stop private equity firms from buying up apartments, and protect renters from predatory fees and algorithmic pricing.

BAN SURVEILLANCE PRICING AND OTHER BIG TECH “INNOVATIONS” THAT DRIVE UP COSTS WHILE MAKING OUR LIVES MORE ANXIOUS.

Congress should prohibit companies from using our personal data to set different prices for different people, or to offer different salaries to employees seeking the same job based on factors like personal debt.

RESUME THE WAR ON JUNK FEES.

The Trump administration has revoked President Biden’s rules capping bank overdraft and credit card late fees and making it easier for customers to cancel unwanted subscriptions. Congress should codify them into law.

ENACT RIGHT TO REPAIR.

Big companies are making it harder for customers and independent repair shops to get the tools, parts, and manuals needed to fix products people legally own — forcing them to buy new ones or to use expensive services controlled by the original manufacturer. Comprehensive legislation is needed to change this.

Protect Democracy
On January 6, 2021, President Trump tried to overturn a democratic election — I was there. In his second term, he is asserting unlimited power — by defying Congress and the courts, and building a government in which everyone, including law enforcement officers, prosecutors, and members of the military, swear an oath not to the Constitution but to him. Some of what we must do to fight back is described in the sections on corruption and technology. Here are some steps I’ll pursue in Congress to shore up our democratic institutions and curb abuse of power:

ENACT DEMOCRACY REFORMS.

During my first stint in Congress, I was a leading champion of non-partisan redistricting, reauthorizing the Voting Rights Act, disclosing contributions to all groups trying to influence our elections, and repealing the Supreme Court decision that allows billionaires like Elon Musk to buy elections. I’ll continue to champion these reforms.

ASSERT CONGRESSIONAL POWERS.

The Constitution grants Congress the power of the purse, to set tariffs, and to oversee the use of our military. Congress must fight to preserve these powers, and give courts greater authority to police presidential overreach. We must also elect representatives to Congress with the experience to use these powers effectively, including in foreign policy and national security.

DEFEND FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND THE PRESS.

We need more effective legal prohibitions against a president wielding the powers of the federal government to punish speech by private individuals and institutions, whether by threatening to sue journalists, deny federal funding to universities, or regulatory approvals to corporations, or visas to students or visitors to the United States. And we must limit corporate consolidation of the news media.

CODIFY JUSTICE DEPARTMENT INDEPENDENCE.

No laws against abuse of power or corruption can function if the president can order the Justice Department to prosecute his political enemies while ignoring criminality by his administration and its friends. Congress must codify the longstanding but unwritten rules prohibiting presidents from trying to influence prosecutorial and investigative decisions at the Justice Department. It should also fund and protect the entities in the FBI and other federal law enforcement agencies charged with investigating corruption, domestic terrorism, and foreign interference in our democracy.

STOP CORRUPT PARDONS.

Congress should limit the president’s pardon powers to the extent possible under the Constitution, by increasing reporting requirements, creating a non-partisan pardon commission, enacting mandatory minimum sentences for anyone convicted and then pardoned for serious crimes if that person commits a federal crime again, and prohibiting such pardon recipients from obtaining federal employment. Congress should also strengthen criminal laws against seeking to buy pardons with campaign contributions or with payments to a president’s businesses.

KEEP FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AND THE MILITARY ACCOUNTABLE TO THE COUNTRY AND THE LAW.

Congress should prohibit federal agents from wearing masks, restrict overbearing military tactics and equipment in routine law enforcement operations, and defund any agency that defies court orders or allows politicization of its ranks. It should require the Pentagon to respect the laws of war, restore the functions of its Judge Advocates General, and stay away from domestic law enforcement and immigration operations.

Fight Corruption
Donald Trump is running the most brazenly corrupt administration in modern American history. He has put our foreign and domestic policies up for sale, as wealthy Americans, large corporations, and foreign governments learn that the best way to get what they want from the U.S. government is to pay business controlled by the president and his family. And he has ended executive branch enforcement of ethics and anti-corruption laws.

INVESTIGATE THE FULL RANGE OF TRUMP PAY TO PLAY SCHEMES.

When Democrats regain our majority, we should investigate everything from the administration’s shakedowns of foreign actors to buy Trump bitcoin, to its special favors to donors seeking relief from export controls, tariffs, and anti-trust rules, to the purchase of pardons. Investigative committees should prepare a list of the administration’s corrupt foreign enablers to be sanctioned by a future administration. House Democrats should warn the enablers of these schemes now of what is to come, to deter further corruption.

CODIFY THE CONSTITUTION’S EMOLUMENTS CLAUSE.

Congress should pass Rep. Jamie Raskin’s bill codifying the Constitution’s provision prohibiting presidents from accepting payments from foreign governments while in office and for two years after. It should impose a 100% tax on emoluments currently being received by the president.

PROTECT INSPECTORS GENERAL.

Congress should seek to reinstate and strengthen the independence of the inspectors general charged with rooting out corruption and waste at executive branch agencies, as well as of the Office of Government Ethics.

ENFORCE ANTI-CORRUPTION LAWS.

Congress should earmark funds for and protect the independence of the Justice Department’s public corruption unit, and compel renewed enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

APPLY ETHICS RULES TO THE SUPREME COURT.

Congress should pass Senator Whitehouse’s legislation establishing a binding ethics code for the Supreme Court.

BAN STOCK TRADING.

Members of Congress and senior executive branch officials should be prohibited from trading stocks, or required to place any stock investments in a blind trust.

PASS THE ENABLERS ACT.

Congress should enact bipartisan legislation that I got through the House in 2022 that would make it harder for foreign kleptocrats to hide their money in the United States and to influence our political system.

TURN TRUMP’S BALLROOM INTO A MUSEUM OF THE CONSTITUTION.

Congress should turn the ballroom Trump is building with money extorted from corporations seeking his favor into a museum exploring the meaning and history of the American Constitution and its checks on abuse of power. Future visitors would see it as part of any White House tour and be reminded that America’s founding ideals and laws are larger than the presidency.

Regulate Technology
Most of the information we get about the world is filtered through social media platforms that keep us engaged by amplifying our fear and anger. This has allowed lies to take over our politics, fueled extremism and bigotry, and increased loneliness and depression, especially among children. The rise of artificial intelligence poses even greater challenges. While AI can help humanity, it can also deepen inequality, empower authoritarians, and make it harder to know what is real. The Trump administration is giving Big Tech companies and billionaires whatever they want, and so far Congress is failing to protect us. Here is what I would work to do.

HOLD SOCIAL MEDIA COMPANIES ACCOUNTABLE.

Thanks to a law Congress passed in the 1990s, Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, Big Tech platforms cannot be sued for the harm they do, even when there is evidence that their products have driven teens to commit suicide, or helped terrorist groups recruit members. Congress should repeal Section 230 for all online content that is amplified by social media algorithms.

TREAT ALGORITHMS AS AN ADDICTIVE PRODUCT.

The U.S. Surgeon General has said social media can be as harmful to young people as smoking or alcohol. Congress should require social media companies to turn off addictive features for users under 18, without exception.

LET PEOPLE CONTROL THEIR DATA.

Congress should give people the power to control how social media companies use and store their personal data, and to delete whatever information about us that is held and traded by data brokers.

SAFEGUARD ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

America should lead the world to safe AI, instead of engaging in a race for dominance at any cost. Congress should:

Require all AI systems to undergo thorough safety testing before they are released.
Require all content generated by AI and released on public platforms to be labeled as AI, so that we are not deceived by fakes.
Require AI companies to compensate the human beings — artists, writers, journalists, and researchers — who create the content AI systems train on to generate their outputs.
Ensure that critical decisions that affect our lives, from what health care treatments are covered by insurance, to hiring, firing, and how we are treated in the workplace, are made with an accountable human being in the loop.
Tax AI companies to create a fund to retrain people displaced by AI.
Ensure that democracies lead in the development of AI through strict controls on the export of advanced chips to dictatorships like China and the Persian Gulf states.
Require AI data centers to generate their own power or pay a price for the utilities they use that protects consumers from rate increases.
Until the federal government enacts adequate national AI safeguards, there should be no restrictions on regulation by state governments.

— Tom Malinowski's campaign website (February 5, 2026)

Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.

Campaign advertisements

"Record" – Malinowski campaign advertisement, released Dec. 17, 2025

"Senator Andy Kim Endorses Congressman Tom Malinowski for NJ-11" – Malinowski campaign advertisement, released Nov. 17, 2025

"Malinowski for New Jersey" – Malinowski campaign advertisement, released Nov. 14, 2025

View more ads here:

2022

Tom Malinowski did not complete Ballotpedia's 2022 Candidate Connection survey.

2020

Tom Malinowski did not complete Ballotpedia's 2020 Candidate Connection survey.

Campaign website

Malinowski’s campaign website stated the following:

“

Navigating the Crisis and Preparing for Tomorrow
"My first responsibility — today and tomorrow — is to make sure that every single person who’s hurting in my congressional district gets help. That’s number one. But I would be betraying their trust in me if I wasn’t also thinking about tomorrow and next year and the next decade.”

Congress promised the American people that we would see them through this crisis. I’m fighting every day to ensure that promise is kept--not just to the rich and well-connected, but to every American. We need to stand by our front-line workers, support small businesses, and aid the most vulnerable in our community. We need to be guided by science. And as we navigate and rebuild from this crisis, we need to take steps to make sure we’re better prepared for the next one.

None of this is partisan here in New Jersey, but unfortunately Mitch McConnell is playing politics with this critical aid in Washington, blocking what he calls a “blue state bailout.” It’s unacceptable. That’s why I’m working across the aisle with local and state leaders to break through the gridlock and ensure we get the relief we need.

Fixing the Supply Chain
Since day one I’ve led the effort to surge resources to our hospitals and first responders. I secured emergency relief for medical providers across our district, and I worked around the clock with county and state officials to open the first public testing site for Somerset and Hunterdon County residents. I won’t rest until we have the resources and tests needed to diagnose cases, track outbreaks, and safely get back to work.

We can never allow ourselves to be caught unprepared again. I’m working to ensure the federal government properly stockpiles masks, ventilators, and other necessary medical supplies so we’re prepared for future emergencies. And I’m pushing to produce these supplies here in the United States, to ensure our national security and create jobs.

Supporting Small Businesses
We asked businesses to close; it’s our responsibility to ensure they can make it through this crisis, keep their employees on, and safely reopen. Through the Paycheck Protection Program, I’ve helped secure loans for more than 90,000 businesses across New Jersey. And I’m leading the fight to ensure this money goes where it’s needed most: through local banks to mom-and-pop stores in need, not to wealthy corporations like Ruth’s Steakhouse or the LA Lakers.

Protecting our Care
In the middle of this health crisis, Washington Republicans are suing to throw out the Affordable Care Act and tear health coverage away from millions of Americans. It’s not just cruel -- it makes us all less safe.

I’ll use every ounce of my power to defend the Affordable Care Act and lower the costs of healthcare for every New Jerseyan, so no one is bankrupted getting the care they need during this pandemic. I’m pushing to open a special enrollment period so everyone has access to health insurance, and to guarantee coverage for COVID-19 tests and treatment. I’ll continue to fight for reforms to make healthcare more affordable, like more generics, price caps on life-saving drugs like Insulin, and allowing anyone to buy into Medicare.

Standing up for Small Towns
Small towns across New Jersey are facing unprecedented budget shortfalls as a result of the coronavirus pandemic and are struggling to pay first responders, police officers and teachers. I’m working with our local leaders, Democrats and Republicans, to make this Congress’s top priority. Under our pressure, the House voted in May to send $1.1 trillion of direct relief to our state and local governments.

Unfortunately, Mitch McConnell has blocked all efforts for further relief in the Senate, calling this critical program a “blue state bailout.” It’s wrong, and the peak of hypocrisy from someone whose state is subsidized by New Jersey taxpayers. I won’t stop fighting until our small towns have the support they need, and New Jersey gets its fair share.

Restoring Tax Fairness for the Middle Class
The tax law that Mitch McConnell passed in 2017 — eliminating our state and local property tax deduction — was a deliberate attack on New Jersey’s middle class.

It crushed New Jerseyans already struggling to make ends meet and blew a $2 trillion hole in our national debt, all to pay for tax giveaways to the wealthiest Americans and corporations. Then McConnell used it as his latest excuse to slash funding for Social Security and Medicare. For New Jersey and the country, it was an act of economic malpractice.

Since day one I’ve been pushing relentlessly to fully restore our SALT deduction, and under my pressure we’ve seen real progress. Last December I led a bipartisan effort in the House and we voted to restore every cent of the deduction. Mitch McConnell has blocked progress in the Senate and Trump has threatened to veto our legislation, but I won’t rest until our SALT deduction is fully restored.

I’ll also continue to fight for responsible tax reform that works for the middle class, not just corporations or the mega-wealthy. We need to close special interest loopholes, bring home money stashed in foreign tax shelters, and tackle the ballooning deficit left to us by the last Republican Congress. And I’ll never allow Republicans to use the fiscal crisis they manufactured as an excuse to cut a cent from Social Security or Medicare.

Modernizing Commuter Infrastructure
The bridges and tunnels that millions of New Jersey commuters depend on to get to and from New York are unreliable and cause more delays every day. It’s a direct result of Trenton politicians like my opponent, who slashed funding for transportation projects, cancelled the ARC Tunnel, and left our infrastructure to crumble.

In Washington I’m standing up for New Jersey commuters--securing the funding that’s long overdue for our transportation infrastructure and tearing down the Trump administration's regulatory roadblocks.

The first bill I introduced in Congress helps New Jersey pay for transportation projects by allowing us to count federal loans as part of our joint funding share, a policy that has now been implemented in two consecutive federal budgets. And earlier this year my continued pressure won tangible progress when the new Portal North Bridge finally received federal approval to move forward, replacing the existing 110-year-old structure that is a major cause of delays for New Jersey Transit and Amtrak.

Still, there’s more work to be done. I’ll keep fighting to secure the federal funding we need to finally build the Gateway Project, and the resources and political commitments to allow direct one-seat ride into New York. I won’t stop pushing until our tunnel gets built and we have the reliable commute we deserve.

Standing up to the NRA
Last June, a lone gunman from Delaware was arrested outside Tamaques Elementary School in Westfield, NJ with a .45 caliber handgun and more than 100 rounds of ammunition. I’m thankful that the Westfield Police Department was able to avert this potential tragedy. But I refuse to accept that parents must send their children to school in fear, and I’m outraged that so many of us have become numb to this daily violence.

As long as a would-be gunman can bypass gun safety measures just by driving across state lines, our communities will be at risk. That’s why I’ve been fighting tirelessly for common-sense federal reforms that are long overdue--universal background checks, an assault weapons ban, and laws to keep guns out of the hands of violent criminals and domestic abusers. I’ve also cracked down on domestic extremism and the hate-filled ideologies that fuel violent acts. Under my relentless pressure, Congress restored every cent of funding for programs to combat white supremacy that the Trump administration cut in 2017.

Unfortunately, despite the overwhelming popularity of these common sense gun policies, the NRA’s stranglehold on Mitch McConnell continues to bring progress to a halt. My opponent has received an A+ rating from the NRA, and has made it clear over his decades-long career in Trenton that he stands with the gun lobby, not with ordinary Americans.

I’ll never accept campaign donations from the NRA or any corporate PACS, and I’ll work to limit the influence of their dark money in our politics so we can make the real reforms we desperately need.

Affordable Healthcare
Healthcare is a human right, and we need to treat it that way. Instead, President Trump is suing in federal court to undermine the Affordable Care Act, and has openly admitted he plans to slash funding for Medicare. Just like in 2018 when we stopped GOP efforts to “repeal and replace,” 2020 is critical for defending the progress we’ve won on affordable healthcare.

The ACA isn’t perfect, but it’s a critical first step. It lowers costs, ensures coverage for essential health benefits like maternity care and hospitalization, and protects coverage for the nearly 4 million New Jerseyans living with pre-existing conditions. As long as I’m in Congress, I’ll never allow these protections to be taken away.

We need to move forward on healthcare, not backward. That’s why I’ve continued to build on the ACA, and fought to lower prescription drug costs and allow Medicare to negotiate drug prices. Ultimately, we should give every American freedom to choose a public option like Medicare, which would increase competition and lower prices for everyone.

I introduced the bipartisan Know the Price Act, which would prohibit insurance gag clauses so patients understand the full price of their procedures or services and aren’t stuck with surprise bills after the fact. And I’ve been a leading voice to expand Medicare to retired first responders at age 50, so our police officers, firefighters and EMTs have access to the quality care they deserve.

Taking on Special Interests
Dark money is twisting our politics, empowering special interests like the NRA to drown out the will of the people. I led the effort to root out corruption and safeguard democracy around the world as Assistant Secretary of State; in Congress, I’m continuing that work here at home.

Unlike my opponent, I don’t accept a single cent of campaign contributions from corporate PACs.

I’ve championed comprehensive reforms to limit the role of money in politics and increase transparency to ensure regular people--not corporations or special interests--have the strongest voices in Washington. And I support a constitutional amendment to overturn the Supreme Court’s Citizen United decision and prevent corporations from spending unlimited amounts of money in our elections.

To make our politics work again we need to give power back to the people. I’ve been a leading voice to expand voting rights and crack down on partisan gerrymandering. And I’ve fought and won for key bipartisan reforms to protect our elections from foreign interference. ^[27]

”

—Tom Malinowski’s campaign website (2020)^[28]

2018

Campaign website

Malinowski’s campaign website stated the following:

“

Affordable Healthcare for All
I have fought for human rights all my life, and I believe that every American has a right to affordable healthcare. It is cruel to force families to choose between life saving treatment for their children and avoiding bankruptcy, as we did before passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). There’s no reason for America to remain the only country in the world where people know – and dread – the term “pre-existing condition.” And we can’t build an innovation economy if people feel they can’t leave a job to start a new business or pursue an invention without losing healthcare.

DEFEND THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT The ACA was not perfect, but it made things better. The uninsured rate decreased by half; essential benefits like maternity care were guaranteed; mental health coverage vastly expanded; children could stay on their parents’ insurance plans until they were 26; and no American could be denied health care because of a pre-existing condition.

My opponent, Congressman Lance, voted to repeal affordable healthcare 19 different times. He voted to another 45 times to take out essential elements of the ACA. That is an undeniable pattern of partisan behavior in which Lance turned his back on the families he is supposed to represent.

And now, the Trump administration and Republican leadership in Congress are sabotaging the ACA: by repealing the individual mandate, which ensures that the costs of insurance are widely and equitably shared; by ending payments to insurance companies that keep the cost of insurance down; by promoting junk insurance plans that leave out essential health services and attacking protections for those with pre-existing conditions.

We’re already seeing the consequences: insurance companies are leaving ACA exchanges due to uncertainty about the marketplace and the expectation that fewer healthy people will be covered, and the cost of healthcare for everyone – especially seniors and those who need it most – is going up. In New Jersey, monthly premiums for a Silver Plan are up 16% since 2016, and will rise even more without the individual mandate. Meanwhile, the sabotage of the ACA has not saved taxpayers money – in fact, the increase in direct-to-consumer subsidies by the federal government (a result of ending cost-sharing subsidies to insurance companies) is predicted to increase the deficit by $194 billion.

I will work to stop the assault on healthcare in America. We need to move forward, not backward – fixing what was wrong with the Affordable Care Act, and building on its advances to achieve, once and for all, universal and affordable healthcare.

EVERYONE SHOULD BE COVERED We would not accept a system that forces only bad drivers to have car insurance or only irresponsible homeowners to have fire insurance – because everyone suffers misfortunes, and the only way to keep costs down is to ask everyone to pay into the pool. Health insurance is no different. I would support restoring the health insurance mandate nationally, just as we are doing in New Jersey; that will encourage younger and healthier people to get preventive care, and stop insurance rates from skyrocketing for older Americans and for those with serious health conditions. I also would support paying the cost-sharing subsidies that allow insurance companies to provide affordable coverage to those in need while saving taxpayers money.

STOP DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN’S HEALTHCARE NEEDS I will work to ensure we fund reproductive health programs, for the sake of women, men, and families. I support and am proud to be endorsed by Planned Parenthood, which provides basic healthcare to millions of women in New Jersey, and has contributed to historic reductions in teen pregnancies and the spread of infectious disease. I will support access to contraceptives, and defend the progress the Affordable Care Act made by requiring insurers to provide women contraceptive coverage. I believe in a woman’s right to choose when, if, and how to start a family.

I also oppose the Trump administration’s effort to push through junk insurance plans, which won’t cover basic services like maternity care, mental health, and prescription drugs. It will create two parallel insurance markets in America, with substandard care for one group of Americans, and unaffordable care for another.

NO ONE SHOULD BE PUNISHED FOR A PRE-EXISTING CONDITION We cannot go back to the days when children born with congenital heart disease could be denied affordable coverage for essential treatment, or when women faced higher premiums because they were pregnant. In the 7th congressional district, over 330,000 people under age 65 have what insurance companies consider a pre-existing condition: everything from high blood pressure and high cholesterol, to past incidence of cancer or a heart attack, to being pregnant. They could be denied health insurance or see premiums spike if the Trump-backed legal challenge to protections for pre-existing conditions succeeds. We should not wait for that case to go through the courts, since the uncertainty it creates will further destabilize the health insurance marketplace. Congress must reaffirm these protections now.

A Fair Deal for New Jersey Workers
NEW JERSEY NEEDS TO BE AN EASIER PLACE TO LIVE FOR WORKING FAMILIES.

Affordability is out of control in our district – but we can do more to ease that burden by implementing worker protections that ensure incomes keep pace with the cost of living, families are supported, and all people are guaranteed a safe workplace free from discrimination.

Strong wage protections for women. Governor Murphy enshrined equal pay for equal work into law with the Diane B. Allen Equal Pay Act, requiring for enhanced equal pay protections for all public employees in the state of New Jersey. I support efforts to pass and enforce similar laws on the national level, and explore mechanisms to ensure that the same protections are enforceable in the private sector.

Fighting for paid family leave. Starting a family or caring for a sick parent should not jeopardize a person’s economic future. The United States is the only industrialized nation in the world that does not guarantee paid parental leave which has been proven to have overwhelming positive health and developmental impacts for the child, improved health outcomes for the mother, and increased economic security for both parents.

To live in New Jersey, workers need to earn a living wage – and New Jersey has been leading the fight for $15. Our district has among the highest costs of living in the country, with a survival wage for a single working adult of $13.78 per/hr, in the least expensive parts of the state. Low wages trap our workers in a cycle of poverty that limits their ability to advance their economic futures, provide for their families and grow our economy. That’s why I will be a strong fighter for a $15 minimum wage nationally.

Empowering our unions. Our workers must be permitted to bargain on an even playing field. In Congress I will fight against the Conservative attack on collective bargaining rights in this country to ensure that New Jersey’s laborers can take control of their own futures.

Workplace Safety and Worker Misclassification. Too many workers have been injured or killed on the job because of loose or neglected safety regulations. This needs to end. Ending worker misclassification is a big step towards this ultimate goal. I am committed to fighting back against the underground economy that’s crippling New Jersey’s construction industry and leading to unskilled workers on unsafe job sites. According to a recent Stockton University study, worker misclassification could be costing union shops as much as $16 billion annually and has led to a dramatic increase in job site accidents. I will work to strengthen the state’s ability to identify and punish misclassification and other forms of wage theft. Stronger enforcement means more highly skilled workers on safer job sites, better wages, and a better environment for our building trades unions.

Protecting the Prevailing Wage. Paying our workers the wage they deserve means more highly skilled workers, safer job sites, safer buildings, and projects far more likely to finish on time and on budget. Labor accounts for less than a quarter of construction costs in New Jersey. Balancing our budget on the backs of our workers doesn’t make sense for New Jersey and I will be the first and loudest voice in the House opposing any effort to undermine prevailing wage.

Protecting Our National Security
I’VE SPENT MUCH OF MY CAREER WORKING IN THE U.S. STATE DEPARTMENT AND THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL TO KEEP AMERICA STRONG, SAFE, AND RESPECTED.

For decades under presidents of both parties, America has built alliances with countries that share our democratic values and that have helped us prevent war, build prosperity and solve global problems. President Trump is turning his back on those alliances and on the ideals that underpin them. In Congress, I will be a strong voice for preserving principled American leadership around the world.

We must maintain a strong military to deter potential adversaries, but also strong diplomacy so that we don’t have to use our military all of the time. I will support our State Department and our front line diplomats, making sure they have the funding they need to do their jobs.

I will champion trade policies that are fair to American workers and businesses, and tough on countries like China that violate the rules of the global trading system. But I oppose starting trade wars with our closest allies, which cost American jobs and make goods more expensive for American consumers, while threatening the friendships and alliances that keep us safe.

I will insist that we keep our commitments to NATO and maintain sanctions on Russia until it stops its aggression in Ukraine and interference in our democracy. Russia should be readmitted to the G-7, and its government afforded the respect it craves, only when its behavior changes.

I believe the United States must continue to stand by Israel, and that we should work with our allies to maintain pressure on Iran to dismantle its nuclear program, while increasing pressure to stop Iran’s support for terrorism and missile development. Our policy should be to isolate Iran, not ourselves -- a break with our allies on this issue endangers both America and Israel.

I will urge deterrence, sanctions and diplomacy to achieve the denuclearization of North Korea, and make sure we keep funding an effort that I ran at the State Department to spread information to the North Korean people.

Congress has abdicated its responsibility to authorize and oversee military operations overseas. I will do my part to provide that oversight, insisting that our counterterrorism efforts are focused on real threats to the United States and our closest allies, consistent with American values, and reinforced by programs that win friends, rather than merely killing enemies.

I will work to keep America a force for good in the world, aligned with countries that share our belief in defending human rights and fighting corruption, not with the dictators whom Trump envies and praises.

Protecting the Environment
I WANT TO PRESERVE THE NATURAL BEAUTY OF OUR STATE FOR THE HIKERS, FISHERS, HUNTERS AND TOURISTS WHO CHERISH IT, AND TO KEEP OUR AIR, WATER AND SOIL SAFE AND CLEAN. I ALSO BELIEVE THAT OUR ECONOMIC FUTURE DEPENDS ON CLEAN ENERGY.

Congressman Lance has joined Tea Party Republicans to allow coal companies to dump waste in our rivers and streams and oil companies to pollute our atmosphere, while opposing sensible safeguards against climate change. That’s bad for our health, and for our economy, as China races to overtake us in electric cars and solar power.

I believe that climate change is real, and in the overwhelming scientific consensus that it is exacerbated by human activity. I support the Paris Climate Change Agreement and want the federal government to work with states to meet the voluntary commitments America made to reduce our emissions. I strongly oppose subsidies and other policies that artificially prop up fossil fuel industries, which hurt the environment and make no economic sense. I want America to lead the world to a clean energy future, and I want New Jersey to lead America.

To that end, I oppose the PennEast and Pilgrim pipelines – two projects that would pose immediate threats to farmland and landowners in the 7th district, to residential communities, EPA Sole Source aquifers, and more. I would also support legislation that would require the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to receive more public input before approving pipeline projects and measure environmental impact in a more rigorous way, unlike Leonard Lance – who voted in 2013 to speed up the natural gas pipeline approval process. New Jersey should be leading the charge on the environment by developing our burgeoning solar energy industry, not placing our health at risk by using old and unsafe energy sources.

I oppose offshore drilling – especially on the Jersey Shore. When hard working New Jersey families take a weekend off, we should not be greeted by the sight of oil rigs on the horizon, or have to cancel our plans last minute because of a leak. If we build anything off our coast, it should be windmills producing clean, reliable and safe energy for our state.

I will also support funding for the Environmental Protection Agency, and defend its scientists from political appointees who seek to censor their research or punish them for doing their jobs. We should be basing environmental policy in America on science, not ideology.

Breaking the NRA
It is a little-known fact that the first mass shooting in United States history occurred in New Jersey.

ON SEPTEMBER 6, 1949, AFTER BEING THE SUBJECT OF NUMEROUS PETTY SQUABBLES AND PERCEIVED SLIGHTS, HOWARD BARTON UNRUH, A WORLD WAR II VETERAN, WALKED THROUGH A NEIGHBORHOOD IN CAMDEN CALLED CRAMER HILL AND MURDERED THIRTEEN PEOPLE. THIS INCIDENT BECAME KNOWN AS THE WALK OF DEATH.

Currently, there are approximately 13,000 firearm homicides each year. Fifty women are shot to death by intimate partners each month. Seven children and teenagers are killed every day. This is not a problem that other countries face; our homicide rate is twenty-five times higher than the average industrialized country around the world. We have heard from military veterans who know better than most the dangers of giving weapons of war to civilians. We have heard from police officers, the true “good guys with a gun,” that they are tired of being outgunned in our neighborhoods. We have heard from our children that they don’t want to be afraid at school, or at the movies, or at the mall. We have heard from responsible gun owners who believe in the right to bear arms, but who also recognize that firearm ownership should be regulated no less than driving a car or drinking a beer.

We may not be able to stop gun violence in its entirety. But we have shown in New Jersey that common sense gun safety laws are consistent with the Second Amendment and can make violence more rare. As a Moms Demand Action “Gun Sense Candidate,” I am proud to offer the following proposals to strengthen our gun laws and make our communities safer:

ASSAULT WEAPONS BAN The Assault Weapons Ban (“AWB”) was in place from 1994 to 2004 and prohibited domestic firearm manufacturers from producing military-style assault rifles like the AR-15, as well as ammunition magazines that held more than ten rounds, unless ordered for police or military use. Many of these weapons of war are equipped with the capacity for modifications that give them full automatic capabilities, as well as high-capacity magazines. The AWB led to a 66 percent decrease in crimes resulting from an assault weapon. These types of weapons have been featured prominently in the mass shootings that have come to be a hallmark of the twenty first century. They have characteristics well suited to a military battlefield—the ability to deliver a large number of high velocity, devastatingly lethal rounds in a short period of time—but which are not needed for legitimate civilian uses, such as hunting or protecting a home. I strongly support renewing the ban nationwide, as well as reinforcing the ban that exists in New Jersey – something that our judicial system has repeatedly ruled would be consistent with the Second Amendment.

MINIMUM AGE FOR PURCHASING A FIREARM The NRA believes that if you’re 17, you’re old enough to own an AR-15, but not old enough to express an opinion about AR-15 ownership. New Jersey is already leading the way regarding keeping guns out of the hands of minors, with Assemblyman Roy (LD16) having proposed legislation that would raise the minimum age for purchasing any firearm in New Jersey to 21. I believe that New Jersey should serve as a role model to other states, and that this legislation should be enacted nationwide. One in five murders involves an assailant under 21 years old. Delaying the purchase of a firearm an additional 3 years would have a dramatic impact on gun deaths.

NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION We must face the difficult reality that all of these efforts will be tough to pass until we elect representatives who will stand up to the National Rifle Association. The NRA gun lobby can no longer claim to be an organization that represents responsible gun owners in America, most of whom support sensible measures to reduce gun violence in our country. It promotes virulent, divisive anti-government propaganda that borders on incitement to violence, and accepts massive amounts of dark money from anonymous –and sometimes foreign– donors, to attack any political candidate who seeks to find common ground on gun safety issues. I will never accept NRA campaign donations, or be bullied by their lobbying efforts. I am running for the U.S. House of Representatives to protect and fight for you, not the NRA nor the gun manufacturers that it represents.

CONCEALED WEAPONS I am strongly opposed to the Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act of 2017, which would allow residents of states with weak gun safety laws to carry their concealed weapons in states like New Jersey, completely overriding the laws we’ve passed to protect our citizens. I agree with the International Association of Chiefs of Police (“IACP”), which represents 18,000 police departments across the United States, and which recently published a letter signed by 473 police officials from 39 states urging Congress to reject this legislation.

UNIVERSAL BACKGROUND CHECKS The Gun Control Act of 1968 requires that individuals “engaged in the business” of selling firearms must possess a Federal Firearms License (“FFL”). If you hold an FFL, you are required to conduct background checks through the National Instant Background Check system (NICS) and maintain a record of all firearm sales. There are exemptions, however, that allow sales between private individuals to occur without a background check, which is often referred to as the “Gun Show Loophole.” This is a dangerous loophole, allowing people who would never pass a background check because they clearly pose a threat to public safety to purchase firearms. In fact, the Islamic State terrorist organization has encouraged its followers in the United States to buy weapons at guns shows, specifically because it is so easy.

GUN VIOLENCE RESTRAINING ORDERS I support laws that allow family members, law enforcement officers, and other concerned individuals to petition a court to remove a person’s firearms if they are acting in ways that suggest a risk to themselves or to others. After many mass shootings, people close to the perpetrators reported previous disturbing behavior, but felt that if they had informed the authorities, nothing could be done, because a crime had not yet been committed. Federal prohibitions already exist to limit access to firearms for those citizens under permanent restraining orders, and I support state-level expansions to cover those with temporary restraining orders. This would be particularly helpful in protecting intimate partners and family members who have sought out the protection of temporary restraining orders in cases involving domestic abuse.

ARMOR-PIERCING AMMUNITION I support legislation that will prohibit the ownership of armor-piercing ammunition, in addition to existing legislation which prohibits its sale. It is important that the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (“ATF”) has put in place both regulations defining armor-piercing ammunition and performance-based testing to determine whether a manufacturer has created such ammunition. There is zero reason why any reasonable gun owner should need ammunition designed to pierce a police officer’s body armor.

BODY ARMOR The proliferation of body armor protection has made it immeasurably more difficult for law enforcement officials to do their job. We should prohibit the acquisition, sale, or transfer of body armor to anyone except those who are required by the duties of their job to protect the public, such as police officers or members of the military, as well as other, limited circumstances, like journalists or humanitarian workers visiting war zones.

FIREARM PURCHASE WAITING PERIOD The National Instant Check Background System (“NICS”) has not eliminated the need for a firearm purchase waiting period. Studies have shown that such a period sometimes allows both homicidal and suicidal individuals to “cool off” and reconsider their actions, and would decrease the number of suicides by firearm. As such, I support a mandatory national five-day waiting period, regardless of the method of purchase, before an individual can purchase a handgun.

TRAFFICKING/FIREARMS TRACING Because of the Tiahrt Amendment, the National Tracing Center cannot release information from its databases to anyone other than law enforcement agencies or prosecutors when it's relevant to a criminal investigation. As a result, gun trace data cannot be used in academic research of gun use in crime, nor is it admissible in civil lawsuits. This Amendment significantly limits the ability of our nation’s law enforcement agencies to combat the sale of illegal guns, especially through municipal police departments. I strongly support repealing the Tiahrt Amendment, which weakens law enforcement’s ability to trace illegal firearms. We must close this loophole by mandating universal background checks in all situations. This would involve opening NICS to sales between private sellers for a nominal fee and increasing federal funding to ensure uniformity of both criminal and mental health updates to the system. Congress must appropriate this funding as mandatory spending, rather than leaving the Executive Branch discretion to decide whether it is spent at all.

Conclusion There are many pieces to the gun crisis puzzle. These include prohibiting high-capacity magazines, encouraging safe gun technology, repealing the Dickey Amendment, which prohibits the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from conducting research that may be used to advocate or promote gun reform, expanding mental health treatment and barring sales to the mentally ill, barring sales to domestic abusers, restricting Internet gun sales of kits used to make/modify guns, etc.

None of these on their own will stop all gun deaths. But as we place reasonable limits on other potentially dangerous activities, including driving, smoking, and drinking, we must also ensure that we protect an individual’s Second Amendment rights while also protecting everyone’s right to life.

Tax Reform: Repeal & Replace
THE TAX LAW THAT THE REPUBLICAN CONGRESS PASSED IN 2017 WAS A DELIBERATE ATTACK ON STATES LIKE NEW JERSEY, WHERE WE HAVE CHOSEN TO HAVE BETTER SCHOOLS FOR OUR KIDS AND SERVICES FOR OUR CITIZENS.

Eliminating deductibility of state and local and property taxes will cost middle class families in New Jersey dearly, and has already resulted in a loss of property values in our state. New Jerseyans already get only 72 cents back from the federal government for every dollar we send to Washington (the worst of any state); the tax law makes that problem even worse.

The GOP tax law was also an act of economic malpractice: it will add $2 trillion to our national debt, largely to give the wealthiest Americans and corporations a tax break, which they have used mostly to reward their investors, not their employees. That’s $2 trillion we will not have to build infrastructure, or to relieve college debt, or to stimulate the economy during the next recession, or to pay down the debt when growth is strong. And Republicans are already threatening to pay for this scam by cutting Social Security and Medicare — which we must not allow to happen.

I will work to repeal the GOP tax law and replace it with fiscally responsible tax reform. New tax legislation must preserve middle class tax deductions like the State and Local Tax deduction (SALT), which prevented us from being double-taxed on our state payments, close corporate and special interest loopholes, bring home money stashed in foreign tax shelters, and avoid ballooning the deficit. A great New Jersey Senator, Bill Bradley, worked with Ronald Reagan to pass that kind of tax reform 30 years ago, and we can do it again. Support for such an effort will be one of my main demands of anyone who wants my vote for Speaker of the House.

Commuter Infrastructure
MILLIONS OF NEW JERSEYANS USE OUR ROADS AND RAIL LINES TO GET TO WORK EVERY DAY; OUR ECONOMY DEPENDS ON KEEPING THESE ARTERIES STATE-OF-THE-ART, AS WELL AS ON IMPROVING THE AIR AND SEA PORTS THAT MAKE OUR STATE A HUB OF NATIONAL AND GLOBAL COMMERCE.

Allowing our infrastructure to fall into disrepair increases our commute times and costs, and endangers our economic future.

As a member of Congress, I will have no more urgent priority than securing the investments we need to build and maintain the roads, bridges, railways and tunnels that New Jersey and America need to preserve our quality of life and competitiveness.

In particular, we need to fund the Gateway project. This tunnel is vital for the economic well-being of the 7th district and our region, and should be viewed as an economic and national security priority by the federal government. I will work with Democrats and Republicans in Congress who know that critical infrastructure is a non-partisan issue to ensure that Washington keeps its commitment to fund Gateway. And if the Trump administration refuses to do its part, I will fight to hold up funding for its highest priorities until it relents.

I will also work to obtain the resources and political commitments required to allow commuters using the Raritan Valley Line to ride into NYC without having to change trains, and to extend it further into the 7th district. Time spent commuting is a cost of living, whether it means buying food each night rather than cooking dinner, or having to spend more money to make sure someone is watching your kids, or simply the loss of time relaxing with our families.

Immigration
WHEN I WAS SIX YEARS OLD, MY MOTHER AND I LEFT COMMUNIST POLAND AND SETTLED IN NEW JERSEY. WE CAME HERE FOR THE PROMISE OF A BETTER LIFE AND OF A COUNTRY WHERE THOSE WITH POWER WEREN’T ALLOWED TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THOSE WITHOUT AT A WHIM.

Sometimes I wonder what it would be like if today, 46 years later, federal agents came to my door and deported me to a country I no longer know -- because of something my parents did when I was a small child, or because the president was just feeling particularly vindictive that day. This is the predicament that DREAMers and DACA recipients face.

I would support bipartisan, comprehensive immigration reform which provides funds to better secure the border, encourages legal immigration that will strengthen our economy, create a tough but fair process to bring unauthorized immigrants out of the shadows, and strengthens employment verification.

I fully support the extension of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, because by any common measure, DREAMers are Americans. They grew up in America; they pay taxes; they have started businesses; they have served in our military; and if deported they would be forced to start entirely new lives in countries they have never known.

I strongly oppose the Trump Administration’s policy of separating children from their families at the border. There is nothing unlawful about approaching a customs officer and asking for asylum from repression or violence; to punish people for doing so by taking away their children is heartless and lawless. I would oppose using a single cent of taxpayer money to fund the practice of family separation by ICE.

I believe a border wall would be a harmful symbol of America shutting itself off from the world and a waste of money -- anyone with a ladder can get over a wall and most illegal immigration these days results from people overstaying visas, not from crossing the border.

Unlike Congressman Lance, I have consistently opposed the Trump administration’s ban on travel from Muslim majority countries and closing the door to refugees coming to America. These policies hurt our national security by alienating allies who are fighting with us against terrorism and are inconsistent with our values as Americans.

And finally, I support granting additional protections for domestic and farm workers. Many of these jobs are taken by immigrants on work visas. This leaves these workers vulnerable to exploitation from their employers, who can threaten deportation if these law abiding immigrants speak out against low wages or abhorrent work conditions. Abuse of migrant workers also keeps wages artificially low for all workers.

Corruption
THE AMERICAN PEOPLE ARE BEING TAKEN ADVANTAGE OF – BY POWERFUL SPECIAL INTERESTS, INCLUDING FOREIGN INTERESTS, WHO ARE THREATENING OUR PROSPERITY AND OUR SECURITY.

Our lax rules against corruption allow corporate lobbyists to bend government to their will, politicians to profit from public service, and hostile foreign leaders to undermine our democracy. We have seen this under Scott Pruitt’s polluter-friendly Environmental Protection Agency. We saw how influence peddlers for foreign countries were allowed to run the 2016 Republican presidential campaign – without disclosing their foreign task-masters. We see corruption driving up the cost of everything from real estate, to our utility bills to our national defenses. The next Congress must act to restore trust in our institutions, protect our democracy, and take the fight for clean and honest government to the foreign autocrats and kleptocrats who threaten our country.

Unlike Congressman Lance, I have pledged not to take campaign contributions from corporate PACs. I strongly support a Constitutional Amendment to overturn the Supreme Court’s decision in Citizen United, making clear that corporations are not people and do not have a right to spend unlimited funds to elect the candidates of their choice. And I would work to pass the bipartisan DISCLOSE Act, to require outside groups like the NRA trying to influence elections to report their contributors and their spending.

Whether you’re a drug trafficker laundering your profits, or a Russian oligarch making secret campaign contributions, or the president’s lawyer paying off a porn star, you should not be able to hide your tracks by establishing an anonymously owned company on American soil. When I was at the State Department, I urged the Congress to pass a bill requiring disclosure of the true owners of companies registered in the United States. As a member of Congress, I’ll work to ensure that happens.

As a candidate, I am maintaining an archive on this website containing every ad I run online so that everyone can see them, not just those targeted by the ads. In Congress, I’ll support the Honest Ads Act, to require online companies to keep a public registry of political ads and to disclose who pays for them, and a law to prevent online “bots” from impersonating human beings.

I support codifying ethics rules enforced by past administrations -- to prevent conflicts of interest and forbid former special interest lobbyists from regulating the industries they served. I believe presidents should be required to fully divest themselves of profit-making businesses, to disclose their tax returns, and to abide by the same rules as other government officials.

Defending Democracy
AMERICANS DISAGREE ABOUT MANY THINGS. BUT WE SHOULD AGREE THAT IT’S WRONG FOR OUR PRESIDENT TO PRAISE WHITE SUPREMACISTS WHILE DENIGRATING THE PATRIOTIC CITIZENS DEMONSTRATING AGAINST THEM; TO INSULT JUDGES, CIVIL SERVANTS, GOLD STAR PARENTS, AND THE BRAVE MEN AND WOMEN OF OUR INTELLIGENCE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT COMMUNITIES; OR TO FIRE AN FBI DIRECTOR FOR TRYING TO MAINTAIN THE INDEPENDENCE OF HIS INSTITUTION.

All of us, whether we’re Democrats, Republicans or Independents, should defend our Constitution, freedom of speech and of the press, the integrity of our democracy, and the idea that America is one country, where we respect every person no matter their race, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity or country of origin.

As a member of Congress, I will fight to protect the democratic institutions that keep us free and hold our leaders accountable, and defend the women and men who serve America as members of the armed forces, diplomats, and civil servants. I will support the independence of the Justice Department and the FBI against partisan attacks, and insist that no one in America is above the law.

I will oppose policies and statements meant to divide Americans based on who we are, where we come from, or whom we love, whether President Trump’s current travel and refugee ban, or his effort to kick transgender Americans out of the military. I will continue to support LGBTQ rights by fighting to extend federal anti-discrimination laws to cover gender identity and sexual orientation.

I will encourage our law enforcement agencies to pay proper attention to all extremists who use violence in America, including white supremacist militias, and our leaders to combat antisemitism and Islamophobia at home and abroad

I will oppose voter suppression and partisan gerrymandering. Our government should do everything possible to make it easier for Americans to exercise their right to vote.

I will champion legislation in the Congress to safeguard our democracy from malign foreign interference, including by better securing voting machines and registration records, combating malicious online propaganda, and preventing dark money from abroad from corrupting our politics.

^[27]

”

—Tom Malinowski’s campaign website (2018)^[29]

Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Tom Malinowski campaign contribution history
Year	Office	Status	Contributions	Expenditures
2026*	U.S. House New Jersey District 11	On the Ballot primary	$1,161,127	$756,930
2022	U.S. House New Jersey District 7	Lost general	$8,978,834	$9,012,861
2020	U.S. House New Jersey District 7	Won general	$7,494,243	$7,503,597
2018	U.S. House New Jersey District 7	Won general	$6,306,928	$6,246,479
Grand total			$23,941,132	$23,519,866
Sources: OpenSecrets, Federal Elections Commission *This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* Data from this year may not be complete

Committee assignments

U.S. House

2021-2022

Malinowski was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023

The 117th United States Congress began on January 3, 2021 and ended on January 3, 2023. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-213), and the U.S. Senate had a 50-50 makeup. Democrats assumed control of the Senate on January 20, 2021, when President Joe Biden (D) and Vice President Kamala Harris (D), who acted as a tie-breaking vote in the chamber, assumed office. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684) was a federal infrastructure bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on November 15, 2021. Among other provisions, the bill provided funding for new infrastructure projects and reauthorizations, Amtrak maintenance and development, bridge repair, replacement, and rehabilitation, clean drinking water, high-speed internet, and clean energy transmission and power infrastructure upgrades. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[30] Click here to read more.

Passed (228-206)

Yea

American Rescue Plan Act of 2021

The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (H.R. 1319) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 11, 2021, to provide economic relief in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Key features of the bill included funding for a national vaccination program and response, funding to safely reopen schools, distribution of $1,400 per person in relief payments, and extended unemployment benefits. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[31] Click here to read more.

Passed (220-210)

Yea

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (H.R. 5376) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 16, 2022, to address climate change, healthcare costs, and tax enforcement. Key features of the bill included a $369 billion investment to address energy security and climate change, an extension of Affordable Care Act subsidies, allowing Medicare to negotiate certain drug prices, a 15% corporate minimum tax, a 1% stock buyback fee, and enhanced Internal Revenue Service (IRS) enforcement, and an estimated $300 billion deficit reduction from 2022-2031. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[32] Click here to read more.

Passed (220-207)

Yea

Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act

The Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act (H.R. 3617) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to decriminalize marijuana, establish studies of legal marijuana sales, tax marijuana imports and production, and establish a process to expunge and review federal marijuana offenses. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[33]

Passed (220-204)

Yea

For the People Act of 2021

The For the People Act of 2021 (H.R. 1) was a federal election law and government ethics bill approved by the House of Representatives. The Congressional Research Service said the bill would "expand voter registration (e.g., automatic and same-day registration) and voting access (e.g., vote-by-mail and early voting). It [would also limit] removing voters from voter rolls. ... Further, the bill [would address] campaign finance, including by expanding the prohibition on campaign spending by foreign nationals, requiring additional disclosure of campaign-related fundraising and spending, requiring additional disclaimers regarding certain political advertising, and establishing an alternative campaign funding system for certain federal offices." The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[34] Click here to read more.

Passed (220-210)

Yea

Assault Weapons Ban of 2022

The Assault Weapons Ban of 2022 (H.R. 1808) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives that sought to criminalize the knowing import, sale, manufacture, transfer, or possession of semiautomatic assault weapons (SAW) or large capacity ammunition feeding devices (LCAFD). The bill made exemptions for grandfathered SAWs and LCAFDs. It required a simple majority vote in the House.^[35]

Passed (217-213)

Nay

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (S. 1605) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 27, 2021, authorizing Department of Defense acitivities and programs for fiscal year 2022. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[36]

Passed (363-70)

Yea

James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023

The James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (H.R. 7776) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2023. The bill required a 2/3 majority in the House to suspend rules and pass the bill as amended.^[37]

Passed (350-80)

Yea

American Dream and Promise Act of 2021

The American Dream and Promise Act of 2021 (H.R. 6) was an immigration bill approved by the House of Representatives that proposed a path to permanent residence status for unauthorized immigrants eligible for Temporary Protected Status or Deferred Enforced Departure, among other immigration-related proposals. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[38]

Passed (228-197)

Yea

Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022

The Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022 (S. 3373) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 10, 2022, that sought to address healthcare access, the presumption of service-connection, and research, resources, and other matters related to veterans who were exposed to toxic substances during military service. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[39]

Passed (342-88)

Yea

Chips and Science Act

The Chips and Science Act (H.R. 4346) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 9, 2022, which sought to fund domestic production of semiconductors and authorized various federal science agency programs and activities. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[40]

Passed (243-187)

Yea

Women’s Health Protection Act of 2021

The Women's Health Protection Act of 2021 (H.R. 3755) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives. The bill proposed prohibiting governmental restrictions on the provision of and access to abortion services and prohibiting governments from issuing some other abortion-related restrictions. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[41]

Passed (218-211)

Yea

SAFE Banking Act of 2021

The SAFE Banking Act of 2021 (H.R. 1996) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives that proposed prohibiting federal regulators from penalizing banks for providing services to legitimate cannabis-related businesses and defining proceeds from such transactions as not being proceeds from unlawful activity, among other related proposals. Since the House moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill in an expedited process, it required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.^[42]

Passed (321-101)

Yea

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (H.R. 2471) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 15, 2022, providing for the funding of federal agencies for the remainder of 2022, providing funding for activities related to Ukraine, and modifying or establishing various programs. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[43]

Passed (260-171)

Yea

Equality Act

The Equality Act (H.R. 5) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that proposed prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity in areas including public accommodations and facilities, education, federal funding, employment, housing, credit, and the jury system, among other related proposals. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[44]

Passed (224-206)

Yea

Respect for Marriage Act

The Respect for Marriage Act (H.R. 8404) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 13, 2022. The bill codified the recognition of marriages between individuals of the same sex and of different races, ethnicities, or national origins, and provided that the law would not impact religious liberty or conscience protections, or provide grounds to compel nonprofit religious organizations to recognize same-sex marriages. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[45] Click here to read more.

Passed (258-169)

Yea

Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023

The Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (H.R. 6833) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2022. It provided for some fiscal year 2023 appropriations, supplemental funds for Ukraine, and extended several other programs and authorities. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[46]

Passed (230-201)

Yea

Consumer Fuel Price Gouging Prevention Act

The Consumer Fuel Price Gouging Prevention Act (H.R. 7688) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to prohibit individuals from selling consumer fuels at excessive prices during a proclaimed energy emergency. It would have also required the Federal Trade Commission to investigate whether the price of gasoline was being manipulated. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[47]

Passed (217-207)

Yea

Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2021

The Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2021 (H.R. 8) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to prohibit the transfer of firearms between private parties unless a licensed firearm vendor conducted a background check on the recipient. The bill also provided for certain exceptions to this requirement. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[48]

Passed (227-203)

Yea

Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act

The Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act was a federal elections bill approved by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate in a failed cloture vote that sought to, among other provisions, make Election Day a public holiday, allow for same-day voter registration, establish minimum early voting periods, and allow absentee voting for any reason, restrict the removal of local election administrators in federal elections, regulate congressional redistricting, expand campaign finance disclosure rules for some organizations, and amend the Voting Rights Act to require some states to obtain clearance from the U.S. Department of Justice before implementing new election laws. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[49] Click here to read more.

Passed (220-203)

Yea

Bipartisan Safer Communities Act

The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (S. 2938) was a firearm regulation and mental health bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 25, 2022. Provisions of the bill included expanding background checks for individuals under the age of 21, providing funding for mental health services, preventing individuals who had been convicted of a domestic violence misdemeanor or felony in dating relationships from purchasing firearms for five years, providing funding for state grants to implement crisis intervention order programs, and providing funding for community-based violence prevention initiatives. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[50] Click here to read more.

Passed (234-193)

Yea

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.

This was a resolution before the 117th Congress setting forth an article of impeachment saying that Donald Trump (R) incited an insurrection against the government of the United States on January 6, 2021. The House of Representatives approved the article of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of the charges. The article of impeachment required a simple majority vote in the House.^[51] Click here to read more.

Passed (232-197)

Yea

Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022

The Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act was a bill passed by the 117th Congress in the form of an amendment to a year-end omnibus funding bill that was signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022. The bill changed the procedure for counting electoral votes outlined in the Electoral Count Act of 1887. Elements of the bill included specifying that the vice president's role at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes is ministerial, raising the objection threshold at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes to one-fifth of the members of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, identifying governors as the single official responsible for submitting the certificate of ascertainment identifying that state’s electors, and providing for expedited judicial review of certain claims about states' certificates identifying their electors. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[52] Click here to read more.

Passed (225-201)

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Key votes (click "show" to expand or "hide" to contract)

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021

The 116th United States Congress began on January 9, 2019, and ended on January 3, 2021. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (235-200), and Republicans held the majority in the U.S. Senate (53-47). Donald Trump (R) was the president and Mike Pence (R) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2020

The Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2020 (H.R. 1044) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives seeking to increase the cap on employment-based visas, establish certain rules governing such visas, and impose some additional requirements on employers hiring holders of such visas. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to suspend the rules and pass the bill as amended.^[53]

Passed (365-65)

Yea

The Heroes Act

The HEROES Act (H.R. 6800) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to address the COVID-19 outbreak by providing $1,200 payments to individuals, extending and expanding the moratorium on some evictions and foreclosures, outlining requirements and establishing finding for contact tracing and COVID-19 testing, providing emergency supplemental appropriations to federal agencies for fiscal year 2020, and eliminating cost-sharing for COVID-19 treatments. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[54]

Passed (208-199)

Yea

For the People Act of 2019

The For the People Act of 2019 (H.R.1) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to protect election security, revise rules on campaign funding, introduce new provisions related to ethics, establish independent, nonpartisan redistricting commissions, and establish new rules on the release of tax returns for presidential and vice presidential candidates. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[55]

Passed (234-193)

Yea

CARES Act

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (H.R. 748) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on March 27, 2020, that expanded benefits through the joint federal-state unemployment insurance program during the coronavirus pandemic. The legislation also included $1,200 payments to certain individuals, funding for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, and funds for businesses, hospitals, and state and local governments. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.^[56]

Passed (419-6)

Yea

Equality Act

The Equality Act (H.R. 5) was a bill approved by the House Representatives that sought to ban discrimination based on sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity by expanding the definition of establishments that fall under public accomodation and prohibiting the denial of access to a shared facility that is in agreement with an indiviual's gender indenitity. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[57]

Passed (236-173)

Yea

Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019

The Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019 (H.R. 8) was a bill approved by the House that sought to ban firearm transfers between private parties unless a licensed gun dealer, manufacturer, or importer first takes possession of the firearm to conduct a background check. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[58]

Passed (240-190)

Yea

American Dream and Promise Act of 2019

The American Dream and Promise Act of 2019 (H.R.6) was a bill approved by the House Representatives that sought to protect certain immigrants from removal proceedings and provide a path to permanent resident status by establishing streamlined procedures for permanant residency and canceling removal proceedings against certain qualifed individuals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[59]

Passed (237-187)

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (S. 1790) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, setting policies and appropriations for the Department of Defense. Key features of this bill include appropriations for research/development, procurement, military construction, and operation/maintenence, as well as policies for paid family leave, North Korea nuclear sanctions, limiting the use of criminal history in federal hiring and contracting, military housing privatization, and paid family leave for federal personnel. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[60]

Passed (377-48)

Yea

Families First Coronavirus Response Act

The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (H.R. 6201) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on March 18, 2020, addressing the COVID-19 pandemic by increasing access to unemployment benefits and food assistance, increasing funding for Medicaid, providing free testing for COVID-19, and requiring employers to provide paid sick time to employees who cannot work due to COVID-19. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.^[61]

Passed (363-40)

Yea

Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act of 2019

The Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act (H.R. 1994) was a bill passed by the House Representatives that sought to change the requirements for employer provided retirement plans, IRAs, and other tax-favored savings accounts by modfying the requirements for things such as loans, lifetime income options, required minimum distributions, the eligibility rules for certain long-term, part-time employees, and nondiscrimination rules. The bill also sought to treat taxable non-tuition fellowship and stipend payments as compensation for the purpose of an IRA, repeal the maximum age for traditional IRA contributions, increase penalties for failing to file tax returns, allow penalty-free withdrawals from retirement plans if a child is born or adopted, and expand the purposes for which qualified tuition programs may be used. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House. ^[62]

Passed (417-3)

Yea

Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act

The Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act (H.R. 3) was a bill approved by the House Representatives that sought to address the price of healthcare by requiring the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to negotiate prices for certain drugs, requiring drug manufactures to issue rebates for certain drugs covered under Medicare, requiring drug price transparency from drug manufacturers, expanding Medicare coverage, and providing funds for certain public health programs. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[63]

Passed (230-192)

Yea

Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020

The Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 1865) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, providing appropriations for federal agencies in fiscal year 2020. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[64]

Passed (297-120)

Yea

Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019

The Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019 (S. 1838) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on November 27, 2019, directing several federal departments to assess Hong Kong's unique treatment under U.S. law. Key features of the bill include directing the Department of State to report and certify annually to Congress as to whether Hong Kong is sufficiently autonomous from China to justify its unique treatment, and directing the Department of Commerce to report annually to Congress on China's efforts to use Hong Kong to evade U.S. export controls and sanctions. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.^[65]

Passed (417-1)

Yea

MORE Act of 2020

The MORE Act of 2020 (H.R. 3884) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to decriminalize marijuana by removing marijuana as a scheduled controlled substance and eliminating criminal penalties for an individual who manufactures, distributes, or possesses marijuana. This bill required a simple majority vote from the House.^[66]

Passed (228-164)

Yea

Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020

The Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 6074) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on March 6, 2020, providing emergency funding to federal agencies in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Key features of the bill include funding for vaccine research, small business loans, humanitarian assistance to affected foreign countries, emergency preparedness, and grants for public health agencies and organizations. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to suspend the rules and pass the bill.^[67]

Passed (415-2)

Yea

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (H.J.Res. 31) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on February 15, 2019, providing approrations for Fiscal Year 2019. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[68]

Passed (300 -128)

Yea

John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act

The John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act (S. 47) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Doanld Trump on March 12, 2019. This bill sought to set provisions for federal land management and conservation by doing things such as conducting land exchanges and conveyances, establishing programs to respond to wildfires, and extending and reauthorizing wildlife conservation programs. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.^[69]

Passed (363-62)

Yea

William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (On passage)

The William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R. 6395) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump on December 23, 2020. Congress voted to override Trump's veto, and the bill became law on January 1, 2021. The bill set Department of Defense policies and appropriations for Fiscal Year 2021. Trump vetoed the bill due to disagreement with provisions related to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the renaming of certain military installations, limits on emergency military construction fund usage, and limits on troop withdrawals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House on passage, and a two-thirds majority vote in the House to override Trump's veto.^[70]

Passed (335-78)

Yea

William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Overcoming veto)

The William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R. 6395) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump on December 23, 2020. Congress voted to override Trump's veto, and the bill became law on January 1, 2021. The bill set Department of Defense policies and appropriations for Fiscal Year 2021. Trump vetoed the bill due to disagreement with provisions related to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the renaming of certain military installations, limits on emergency military construction fund usage, and limits on troop withdrawals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House on passage, and a two-thirds majority vote in the House to override Trump's veto.^[71]

Passed (322-87)

Yea

Government Employee Fair Treatment Act of 2019

The Government Employee Fair Treatment Act of 2019 (S.24) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on January 16, 2019, that requires federal employees who were furloughed or compelled to work during a lapse in government funding to be compensated for that time. The bill also required those employees to be compensated as soon as the lapse in funding ends, irregardless of official pay date. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to suspend the rules and pass the bill.^[72]

Passed (411-7)

Yea

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. (Article 1)

The 2020 impeachment of Donald Trump (R) was a resolution before the 116th Congress to set forth two articles of impeachment saying that Trump abused his power and obstructed congress. The first article was related to allegations that Trump requested the Ukrainian government investigate former Vice President Joe Biden (D) and his son, Hunter Biden, in exchange for aid, and the second was related to Trump's response to the impeachment inquiry. The House of Representatives approved both articles of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of either charge. The articles of impeachment required a simple majority vote in the House. ^[73]

Guilty (230-197)

Yea

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. (Article 2)

The 2020 impeachment of Donald Trump (R) was a resolution before the 116th Congress to set forth two articles of impeachment saying that Trump abused his power and obstructed congress. The first article was related to allegations that Trump requested the Ukrainian government investigate former Vice President Joe Biden (D) and his son, Hunter Biden, in exchange for aid, and the second was related to Trump's response to the impeachment inquiry. The House of Representatives approved both articles of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of either charge. The articles of impeachment required a simple majority vote in the House. ^[74]

Guilty (229-198)

Notable endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section displays endorsements this individual made in elections within Ballotpedia's coverage scope.

Notable candidate endorsements by Tom Malinowski
Endorsee	Election	Stage	Outcome
Mikie Sherrill ^source (D)	Governor of New Jersey (2025)	Primary	Won General
Andrew Kim ^source (D)	U.S. Senate New Jersey (2024)	Primary	Won General
Joe Biden ^source (D, Working Families Party)	President of the United States (2020)		Won General
Cory Booker ^source	President of the United States (2020)		Withdrew in Convention

External links

Search Google News for this topic

Candidate

U.S. House New Jersey District 11

Personal

Footnotes

Political offices
Preceded by Leonard Lance (R)	U.S. House New Jersey District 7 2019-2023	Succeeded by Thomas Kean Jr. (R)

[show]

New Jersey's current delegation to the United States Congress

Senators

Cory Booker (D)

Andrew Kim (D)

Representatives

District 1

Donald Norcross (D)

District 2

Jeff Van Drew (R)

District 3

Herbert Conaway (D)

District 4

Chris Smith (R)

District 5

Josh Gottheimer (D)

District 6

Frank Pallone (D)

District 7

Thomas Kean (R)

District 8

Robert Menendez (D)

District 9

Nellie Pou (D)

District 10

LaMonica McIver (D)

District 11

Vacant

District 12

Bonnie Coleman (D)

Democratic Party (10)

Republican Party (3)

Vacancies (1)

[bio-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Malinowski.House.gov, "About," accessed January 29, 2019

[2] Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "Malinowski, Tom," accessed October 19, 2022

[3] Congressman Tom Malinowski, "About," accessed October 19, 2022

[4] The New York Times, "The Race for Mikie Sherrill’s House Seat Is On, and It’s Crowded," November 26, 2025

[5] NJ Spotlight News, "Voters to choose Sherrill’s congressional replacement on April 16," November 21, 2025

[6] LinkedIn, "John Bartlett," accessed January 4 2026

[7] John Bartlett 2026 Campaign Website, "About," accessed January 4, 2026

[Passaic_Endorsements-8] 8.0 ^8.1 New Jersey Globe, "Passaic Dems Give Party Slogan To Way, Bartlett In NJ-11 Special Primary," December 3, 2025

[9] LinkedIn, "Brendan W. Gill," accessed January 4, 2026

[10] New Jersey Globe, "Brendan Gill Enters Race For Sherrill’s House Seat, With Huge Array Of Dems Already Behind Him," November 6, 2025

[11] New Jersey globe, "Phil Murphy Backs Brendan Gill, His Old Campaign Manager, In NJ-11 Special Election," November 17, 2025

[12] New Jersey Globe, "Brendan Gill Wins Essex Democratic Endorsement After Tangled Virtual Convention," December 2, 2025

[13] Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "Tom Malinowski," accessed January 4, 2026

[14] New Jersey Globe, "Tom Malinowski makes it official: He’s running to succeed Mikie Sherrill," November 6, 2025

[15] New Jersey Globe, "Tom Malinowski’s Comeback Campaign Earns Endorsement From Andy Kim," November 17 2025

[16] New Jersey Globe, "Morris County Democrats Vote To Endorse Malinowski," December 15 2025

[17] LinkedIn, "Analilia Mejia," accessed January 4, 2026

[18] New Jersey Globe, "Analilia Mejia Will Run For NJ-11 With Backing From Bernie Sanders," November 25 2025

[19] Analilia Mejia 2026 Campaign Website, "Endorsements," accessed January 4, 2026

[20] LinkedIn, "Tahesha Way," accessed January 4, 2026

[21] New Jersey Globe, "Tahesha Way Makes Formal Entrance Into NJ-11 Race With Major Endorsements In Hand," December 2, 2025

[22] For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.

[23] Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016

[definition-24] OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed December 12, 2021

[stats-25] OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed December 12, 2021

[26] National Review.com, "Why the Media Hate Super PACs," December 12, 2021

[quotedisclaimer-27] 27.0 ^27.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.

[28] Tom Malinowski’s campaign website, “On the Issues,” accessed September 10, 2020

[29] Tom Malinowski for Congress, “Issues,” accessed September 14, 2018

[30] Congress.gov, "H.R.3684 - Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act," accessed April 15, 2022

[31] Congress.gov, "H.R.1319 - American Rescue Plan Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[32] Congress.gov, "H.R.5376 - Inflation Reduction Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[33] Congress.gov, "H.R.3617 - Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[34] Congress.gov, "H.R.1 - For the People Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[35] Congress.gov, "H.R.1808 - Assault Weapons Ban of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[36] Congress.gov, "S.1605 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022," accessed April 15, 2022

[37] Congress.gov, "H.R.7776 - James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023," accessed January 20, 2023

[38] Congress.gov, "H.R.6 - American Dream and Promise Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[39] Congress.gov, "S.3373 - Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[40] Congress.gov, "H.R.4346 - Chips and Science Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[41] Congress.gov, "H.R.3755 - Women's Health Protection Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[42] Congress.gov, "H.R.1996 - SAFE Banking Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[43] Congress.gov, "H.R.2471 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[44] Congress.gov, "H.R.5 - Equality Act," accessed April 15, 2022

[45] Congress.gov, "H.R.8404 - Respect for Marriage Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[46] Congress.gov, "H.R.6833 - Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023

[47] Congress.gov, "H.R.7688 - Consumer Fuel Price Gouging Prevention Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[48] Congress.gov, "H.R.8 - Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2021," accessed January 20, 2023

[49] Congress.gov, "H.R.5746 - Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[50] Congress.gov, "S.2938 - Bipartisan Safer Communities Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[51] Congress.gov, "H.Res.24 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 15, 2022

[52] Congress.gov, "H.R.2617 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023

[53] Congress.gov, "H.R.1044 - Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2020," accessed March 22, 2024

[54] Congress.gov, "H.R.6800 - The Heroes Act," accessed April 23, 2024

[55] Congress.gov, "H.R.1 - For the People Act of 2019," accessed April 23, 2024

[56] Congress.gov, "H.R.748 - CARES Act," accessed April 23, 2024

[57] Congress.gov, "H.R.5 - Equality Act," accessed April 23, 2024

[58] Congress.gov, "H.R.8 - Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019," accessed April 23, 2024

[59] Congress.gov, "H.R.6 - American Dream and Promise Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[60] Congress.gov, "S.1790 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[61] Congress.gov, "H.R.6201 - Families First Coronavirus Response Act," accessed April 24, 2024

[62] Congress.gov, "H.R.1994 - Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[63] Congress.gov, "H.R.3 - Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act," accessed March 22, 2024

[64] Congress.gov, "H.R.1865 - Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[65] Congress.gov, "S.1838 - Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[66] Congress.gov, "H.R.3884 - MORE Act of 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[67] Congress.gov, "H.R.6074 - Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[68] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.31 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[69] Congress.gov, "S.47 - John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act," accessed April 27, 2024

[70] Congress.gov, "H.R.6395 - William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021," accessed April 27, 2024

[71] Congress.gov, "H.R.6395 - William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021," accessed April 27, 2024

[72] Congress.gov, "S.24 - Government Employee Fair Treatment Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[73] Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors," accessed April 27, 2024

[74] Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors," accessed April 27, 2024

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