119th United States Congress
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The 119th United States Congress is the current meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
New members were elected on November 5, 2024. The 119th Congress convened on January 3, 2025, and will conclude on January 3, 2027.
The Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution specifies that the changeover for members of Congress occurs on January 3 at noon. It also states that Congress itself should convene on that date unless it established a different date by law. Congress passed the 20th Amendment in 1932, and states completed ratifying it in 1933.
Leadership
- See also: U.S. Senate leadership elections, 2025
- See also: U.S. House leadership elections, 2025
Senate
| U.S. Senate leadership | ||
|---|---|---|
| Position | Representative | Party |
| Senate Majority Leadership | ||
| President pro tempore | Chuck Grassley |  Republican
|
| Senate Majority Leader | John Thune | Republican
|
| Senate Majority Whip | John Barrasso | Republican
|
| Senate Minority Leadership | ||
| Senate Minority Leader | Chuck Schumer |  Democratic
|
| Senate Minority Whip | Dick Durbin | Democratic
|
House of Representatives
| U.S. House leadership | ||
|---|---|---|
| Position | Representative | Party |
| Speaker of the House | Mike Johnson | 
|
| House Majority Leadership | ||
| House Majority Leader | Steve Scalise |
|
| House Majority Whip | Tom Emmer |
|
| House Minority Leadership | ||
| House Minority Leader | Hakeem Jeffries | 
|
| House Minority Whip | Katherine Clark |
|
Members
For a full list of all the new members of Congress, click here.
The number of new members in previous sessions of Congress were:
- 118th Congress—seven new Senators and 77 new Representatives
- 117th Congress—nine new Senators and 62 new Representatives
- 116th Congress—nine new Senators and 93 new Representatives
- 115th Congress—seven new Senators and 55 new Representatives
Partisan balance
Of the 12 new senators in Congress, six are Republican and six are Democratic. Of the 63 new representatives, 30 are Republican and 33 are Democratic.
| Partisan composition, U.S. Senate | ||
|---|---|---|
| 119th Congress | ||
| Party | Members | |
| Democratic | 45 | |
| Republican | 53 | |
| Independent | 2[1] | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 100 | |
| Partisan composition, U.S. House | ||
|---|---|---|
| 119th Congress | ||
| Party | Members | |
| Democratic | 213 | |
| Republican | 219 | |
| Vacancies | 3 | |
| Total | 435 | |
Congressional committees
U.S. Senate
- Committee on Aging (Special)
- Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
- Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
- Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
- Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
- Committee on Environment and Public Works
- Committee on Ethics (Select)
- Committee on Finance
- Committee on Foreign Relations
- Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
- Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
- Committee on Indian Affairs
- Committee on Intelligence (Select)
- Committee on Rules and Administration
- Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship
- Committee on the Judiciary
- Senate Committee on Appropriations
- Senate Committee on Armed Services
- Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs
- Senate Committee on the Budget
U.S. House
- Committee on Agriculture
- Committee on Education and the Workforce
- Committee on Energy and Commerce
- Committee on Ethics
- Committee on Financial Services
- Committee on Foreign Affairs
- Committee on Homeland Security
- Committee on House Administration
- Committee on Intelligence (Permanent Select)
- Committee on Judiciary
- Committee on Natural Resources
- Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
- Committee on Rules
- Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
- Committee on Small Business
- Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
- Committee on Ways and Means
- House Committee on Appropriations
- House Committee on Armed Services
- House Committee on Budget
- House Committee on Veterans' Affairs
- United States House of Representatives Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party
Joint committees
Analysis
Salary
As of 2025, members of Congress are paid $174,000 per year. Senate majority and minority leaders, as well as the president pro tempore, receive $193,400. The Speaker of the House receives $223,500.[2]
Some historical facts about the salary of United States Congress members:
- In 1789, members of the Congress received $6 per diem[2]
- In 1874, members of the Congress earned $5,000 per year[2]
- In 1990, members of the Congress earned $98,400 per year[2]
- From 2000-2006, the salary of a member of the United States Congress increased every year, going from $141,300-$165,200 in that time span.[2]
Key legislation in the 119th Congress
This section provides links to coverage of key federal legislation considered during the 119th Congress. To be included, the bill must have met several of the following qualifying factors:
- Collaboration between the president and congressional leadership on the bill
- Use of the reconciliation process to pass the bill
- Changes to the congressional procedure to pass the bill
- Estimated cost of the bill as evaluated by the Congressional Budget Office
- Extent of public relations campaign to promote the bill
- Domestic and international policy ramifications
Legislation
- One Big Beautiful Bill Act
- Budget resolutions proposed during the 2025 U.S. Congress reconciliation process
Federal government funding
On March 14, 2025, Congress approved a federal funding bill hours before the previous continuing resolution funding the government was set to expire. Ahead of the deadline, Ballotpedia recorded an episode of On the Ballot covering federal government shutdowns. Listen to the full episode below:
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Noteworthy events
Federal government shutdown (2025)
On September 30, 2025, a funding gap for the federal government began after Congress was unable to pass budget legislation. After the Senate failed to vote on a continuing resolution bill, Office of Management and Budget Director Russell Vought ordered agencies to begin shutdown procedures.[3] The government had been operating under the 2025 Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, a continuing resolution passed on March 15, which provided for a federal government budget through September 30, 2025.[4]
This is the 16th lapse in government funding since fiscal year 1980. Of these 16 lapses in funding, 11 have resulted in federal agency closures and employee furloughs. If a funding gap is short or occurs over a weekend, affected agencies may not begin shutdown procedures before Congress restores funding. See the table below to read more about government funding lapses since fiscal year 1980.[5]
| Fiscal year | Date funding ended | Duration of funding gap (days) | Date funding restored | Shutdown procedures followed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | September 30, 1979 | 11 | October 12, 1979 | No |
| 1982 | November 20, 1981 | 2 | November 23, 1981 | Yes |
| 1983 | September 30, 1982 | 1 | October 2, 1982 | Yes |
| 1983 | December 17, 1982 | 3 | December 21, 1982 | No |
| 1984 | November 10, 1983 | 3 | November 14, 1983 | No |
| 1985 | September 30, 1984 | 2 | October 3, 1984 | No |
| 1985 | October 3, 1984 | 1 | October 5, 1984 | Yes |
| 1987 | October 16, 1986 | 1 | October 18, 1986 | Yes |
| 1988 | December 18, 1987 | 1 | December 20, 1987 | No |
| 1991 | October 5, 1990 | 3 | October 9, 1990 | Yes |
| 1996 | November 13, 1995 | 5 | November 19, 1995 | Yes |
| 1996 | December 15, 1995 | 21 | January 6, 1996 | Yes |
| 2014 | September 30, 2013 | 16 | October 17, 2013 | Yes |
| 2018 | January 19, 2018 | 2 | January 22, 2018 | Yes |
| 2019 | December 21, 2018 | 34 | January 25, 2019 | Yes |
| 2025 | September 30, 2025 | 7 (ongoing) | TBD | Yes |
The most funding gaps since fiscal year 1980 occurred during the Reagan administration (8). During George Bush's (R) and Joe Biden's (D) presidencies, the federal government did not have any funding gaps.
| Presidential administration | Number of funding lapses | Number of funding lapses resulting in shutdown |
|---|---|---|
| Jimmy Carter (D) | 1 | 0 |
| Ronald Reagan (R) | 8 | 4 |
| George H.W. Bush (R) | 1 | 1 |
| Bill Clinton (D) | 2 | 2 |
| George W. Bush (R) | 0 | 0 |
| Barack Obama (D) | 1 | 1 |
| Donald Trump (R) - I | 2 | 2 |
| Donald Trump (R) - II | 1 | 1 |
Most federal government funding lapses since fiscal year 1980 have occurred when the federal government had divided government (12). One lapse occurred when Democrats held a trifecta, and two lapses occurred when Republicans held a trifecta. A funding lapse began in fiscal year 2019 when Republicans held a trifecta, but the next Congress was sworn in during the lapse, so the lapse ended with a divided government.
The most government shutdowns occurred under divided government (8). Two occurred with a Republican trifecta (fiscal years 2018 and 2025), and one began during a Republican trifecta and was resolved during a divided government (fiscal year 2019).
| Funding lapse fiscal year | Funding lapse start | Funding lapse end | Shutdown procedures followed | President | Senate control | House control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | September 30, 1979 | October 12, 1979 | No | Jimmy Carter (D) | Democratic | Democratic |
| 1982 | November 20, 1981 | November 23, 1981 | Yes | Ronald Reagan (R) | Republican | Democratic |
| 1983 | September 30, 1982 | October 2, 1982 | Yes | Ronald Reagan (R) | Republican | Democratic |
| 1983 | December 17, 1982 | December 21, 1982 | No | Ronald Reagan (R) | Republican | Democratic |
| 1984 | November 10, 1983 | November 14, 1983 | No | Ronald Reagan (R) | Republican | Democratic |
| 1985 | September 30, 1984 | October 3, 1984 | No | Ronald Reagan (R) | Republican | Democratic |
| 1985 | October 3, 1984 | October 5, 1984 | Yes | Ronald Reagan (R) | Republican | Democratic |
| 1987 | October 16, 1986 | October 18, 1986 | Yes | Ronald Reagan (R) | Republican | Democratic |
| 1988 | December 18, 1987 | December 20, 1987 | No | Ronald Reagan (R) | Democratic | Democratic |
| 1991 | October 5, 1990 | October 9, 1990 | Yes | George H.W. Bush (R) | Democratic | Democratic |
| 1996 | November 13, 1995 | November 19, 1995 | Yes | Bill Clinton (D) | Republican | Republican |
| 1996 | December 15, 1995 | January 6, 1996 | Yes | Bill Clinton (D) | Republican | Republican |
| 2014 | September 30, 2013 | October 17, 2013 | Yes | Barack Obama (D) | Democratic | Republican |
| 2018 | January 19, 2018 | January 22, 2018 | Yes | Donald Trump (R) | Republican | Republican |
| 2019 | December 21, 2018 | January 25, 2019 | Yes | Donald Trump (R) | Republican | Republican/Democratic |
| 2025 | September 30, 2025 | TBD | Yes | Donald Trump (R) | Republican | Republican |
See also
- United States Congress elections, 2026
- United States Senate elections, 2026
- United States House of Representatives elections, 2026
- U.S. House leadership elections, 2025
- 119th Congress legislative calendar
- 118th United States Congress
- United States Congress
- United States Senate
- United States House of Representatives
Footnotes
- ↑ Two independents caucus with the Democratic Party.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 U.S. Senate, "Salaries," accessed May 29, 2012
- ↑ ABC News, "The US government has shut down. Here's what to know," October 1, 2025
- ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1968 - Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025," accessed September 30, 2025
- ↑ United States House of Representatives History, Art, & Archives, "Funding Gaps and Shutdowns in the Federal Government," accessed October 1, 2025
