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Minimum wage laws ballot measures

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Minimum wage on the ballot: This subtopic of "wages and pay" refers to ballot measures regarding minimum wage. Specifically, this has included the increase and establishment of minimum wage.

Outcomes of minimum wage measures, 1996-2023

From 1996 to 2025, there were 32 ballot measures to increase state minimum wages. Voters approved 28 (87.50%) and rejected four (12.50%).[1] In 2024, California and Massachusetts became the first states to reject minimum wage increase ballot measures since 1996. The other two defeated measures were on the ballot in 1996 in Missouri and Montana.

The following chart shows the outcomes of minimum-wage increase ballot measures from 1996 to 2025.

Measures to increase state minimum wages (1996–2025)
YearStateMeasureWageTypeYes votes (%)No votes (%)Outcome
2024CaliforniaProposition 32$18.00 (2026)Initiative49.29%50.71%Defeatedd
2024MassachusettsQuestion 5$15.00 (2029)[2]Initiative35.87%64.13%Defeatedd
2024MissouriProposition A$15.00 (2026)Initiative57.57%42.43%Approveda
2024AlaskaBallot Measure 1$15.00 (2027)Initiative57.98%42.02%Approveda
2022NebraskaInitiative 433$15.00 (2026)Initiative58.66%41.34%Approveda
2022NevadaAmendment 2$12.00 (2024)Referral55.18%44.82%Approveda
2020FloridaAmendment 2$15.00 (2026)Initiative60.82%39.18%Approveda
2018ArkansasIssue 5$11.00 (2021)Initiative68.46%31.54%Approveda
2018MissouriProposition B$12.00 (2023)Initiative62.34%37.66%Approveda
2016ArizonaProposition 206$12.00 (2020)Initiative58.33%41.67%Approveda
2016ColoradoAmendment 70$12.00 (2020)Initiative55.36%44.64%Approveda
2016MaineQuestion 4$12.00 (2020)Initiative55.50%44.50%Approveda
2016WashingtonInitiative 1433$13.50 (2020)Initiative57.42%42.58%Approveda
2014AlaskaMeasure 3$9.75 (2016)Initiative69.35%30.65%Approveda
2014ArkansasIssue 5$8.50 (2017)Initiative65.94%34.06%Approveda
2014NebraskaInitiative 425$9.00 (2016)Initiative59.47%40.53%Approveda
2014South DakotaMeasure 18$8.50 (2015)Initiative55.05%44.95%Approveda
2013New JerseyQuestion 2$8.25 (2014)Referral61.26%38.74%Approveda
2006ArizonaProposition 202$6.75 (2007)Initiative65.37%34.63%Approveda
2006ColoradoInitiative 42$6.85 (2007)Initiative53.30%46.70%Approveda
2006MissouriProposition B$6.50 (2007)Initiative75.94%24.06%Approveda
2006MontanaI-151$6.50 (2007)Initiative72.69%27.31%Approveda
2006NevadaQuestion 6$6.15 (2006)[3]Initiative68.71%31.29%Approveda
2006OhioAmendment 2$6.85 (2007)Initiative56.65%43.35%Approveda
2004FloridaAmendment 5$6.15 (2005)Initiative71.25%28.75%Approveda
2004NevadaQuestion 6$6.15 (2006)[3]Initiative68.39%31.61%Approveda
2002OregonMeasure 25$6.90 (2003)Initiative51.33%48.67%Approveda
1998WashingtonInitiative 688$6.50 (2000)Initiative66.14%33.86%Approveda
1996CaliforniaProposition 210$5.75 (1998)Initiative61.45%38.55%Approveda
1996MissouriProposition A$6.75 (1999)[4]Initiative28.70%71.30%Defeatedd
1996MontanaI-121$6.25 (2000)Initiative43.53%56.47%Defeatedd
1996OregonMeasure 36$6.50 (1999)Initiative56.85%43.15%Approveda
Average    58.88%41.12% 



Ballot measures lists

By state

Note: The list below automatically compiles all potential and certified ballot measures being tracked by Ballotpedia. Sometimes a measure that has been abandoned by petitioners or in the legislature will still be listed until a legal deadline passes. As more deadlines pass in any given year, the list will more accurately represent which measures will actually go before voters in the current year.

Alaska

  1. Alaska Minimum Wage Increase, Ballot Measure 3 (2014)

Arizona

  1. Arizona Proposition 202, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2006)
  2. Arizona Minimum Wage and Paid Time Off, Proposition 206 (2016)
  3. Arizona Proposition 138, Wages for Tipped Workers Amendment (2024)

Arkansas

  1. Arkansas Minimum Wage Initiative, Issue 5 (2014)
  2. Arkansas Minimum Wage and Overtime, Initiated Act 1 (1960)
  3. Arkansas Issue 5, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2018)

California

  1. California Proposition 210, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (1996)
  2. California Proposition 44, Minimum Wage Amendment (1914)
  3. California Proposition 32, $18 Minimum Wage Initiative (2024)

Florida

  1. Florida Amendment 5, Minimum Wage Initiative (2004)
  2. Florida Amendment 2, $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2020)

Illinois

  1. Illinois Minimum Wage Increase Question (2014)

Massachusetts

  1. Massachusetts Question 5, Minimum Wage for Tipped Employees Initiative (2024)

Missouri

  1. Missouri Proposition B, $12 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
  2. Missouri Proposition A, Minimum Wage and Earned Paid Sick Time Initiative (2024)

Montana

  1. Montana Increase Minimum Wage, I-121 (1996)
  2. Montana Minimum Wage, I-151 (2006)

Nebraska

  1. Nebraska Minimum Wage Increase, Initiative 425 (2014)
  2. Nebraska Initiative 433, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2022)

Nevada

  1. Nevada Question 2, Minimum Wage Amendment (2022)

New Jersey

  1. New Jersey Minimum Wage Increase Amendment, Public Question 2 (2013)

South Dakota

  1. South Dakota Increased Minimum Wage, Initiated Measure 18 (2014)

Washington

  1. Washington Initiative 688, Minimum Wage Measure (1998)
  2. Washington Initiative 518, Minimum Wage Increase Measure (1988)

By year

Note: The list below automatically compiles all potential and certified ballot measures being tracked by Ballotpedia. Sometimes a measure that has been abandoned by petitioners or in the legislature will still be listed until a legal deadline passes. As more deadlines pass in any given year, the list will more accurately represent which measures will actually go before voters in the current year.

2024

  1. California Proposition 32, $18 Minimum Wage Initiative (2024)
  2. Arizona Proposition 138, Wages for Tipped Workers Amendment (2024)
  3. Massachusetts Question 5, Minimum Wage for Tipped Employees Initiative (2024)
  4. Missouri Proposition A, Minimum Wage and Earned Paid Sick Time Initiative (2024)

2022

  1. Nevada Question 2, Minimum Wage Amendment (2022)
  2. Nebraska Initiative 433, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2022)

2020

  1. Florida Amendment 2, $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2020)

2018

  1. Missouri Proposition B, $12 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
  2. Arkansas Issue 5, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2018)

2016

  1. Arizona Minimum Wage and Paid Time Off, Proposition 206 (2016)

2014

  1. South Dakota Increased Minimum Wage, Initiated Measure 18 (2014)
  2. Alaska Minimum Wage Increase, Ballot Measure 3 (2014)
  3. Illinois Minimum Wage Increase Question (2014)
  4. Nebraska Minimum Wage Increase, Initiative 425 (2014)
  5. Arkansas Minimum Wage Initiative, Issue 5 (2014)

2013

  1. New Jersey Minimum Wage Increase Amendment, Public Question 2 (2013)

2006

  1. Montana Minimum Wage, I-151 (2006)
  2. Arizona Proposition 202, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2006)

2004

  1. Florida Amendment 5, Minimum Wage Initiative (2004)

1998

  1. Washington Initiative 688, Minimum Wage Measure (1998)

1996

  1. California Proposition 210, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (1996)
  2. Montana Increase Minimum Wage, I-121 (1996)

1988

  1. Washington Initiative 518, Minimum Wage Increase Measure (1988)

1960

  1. Arkansas Minimum Wage and Overtime, Initiated Act 1 (1960)

1914

  1. California Proposition 44, Minimum Wage Amendment (1914)

Did not make ballot

Did not make ballot

  1. Florida "Fair Wage and Benefits" Amendment (2012)
  2. Missouri Minimum Wage Initiative (2012)
  3. California Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2014)
  4. Idaho Minimum Wage Initiative (2014)
  5. Missouri Minimum Wage Initiative (2014)
  6. Minnesota Inflation Adjusted Minimum Wage Amendment (2014)
  7. Louisiana State Minimum Wage Amendment (2014)
  8. Massachusetts Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2014)
  9. Washington Uniform Minimum Wage Measure, Initiative 1358 (2014)
  10. California Minimum Wage Supplement for Home Health Workers (2014)
  11. Michigan Minimum Wage Initiative (2014)
  12. New Mexico Minimum Wage Amendment (2014)
  13. Washington Wage-Setting Authority Initiative (2015)
  14. Texas Minimum Wage Increase Amendment (2015)
  15. Washington Uniform Minimum Wage Measure, Initiative 1389 (2015)
  16. Washington Uniform Minimum Wage Measure, Initiative 1394 (2015)
  17. Oregon $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2016)
  18. Washington Minimum Wage Initiative (ITL) (2016)
  19. Nevada Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2016)
  20. Alabama Minimum Wage Amendment (2016)
  21. Oregon Raise the Wage Initiative (2016)
  22. Michigan Minimum Wage Increase (2006)
  23. Missouri Raise the Minimum Wage Initiative (2016)
  24. Texas Minimum Wage Increase Amendment, SJR 22 (2017)
  25. Missouri $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
  26. Missouri $13 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
  27. Missouri Local Minimum Wage and Employment Benefits Initiative (2018)
  28. New Jersey $15 Minimum Wage Amendment (2017)
  29. Massachusetts $15 Minimum Wage by 2019 Initiative (2018)
  30. Michigan Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2018)
  31. Missouri $14 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
  32. Nevada Minimum Wage Increase Amendment (2020)
  33. Washington Repeal Excise Taxes and Reduce Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
  34. Missouri $11 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
  35. Washington $15 Minimum wage by 2025 Initiative (2018)
  36. Florida Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2018)
  37. Massachusetts $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
  38. North Dakota Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2020)
  39. Idaho Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2020)
  40. Arizona Repeal Presumption of Employer Retaliation Provision of Minimum Wage Law Measure (2018)
  41. California "Raise California's Wage and Paid Sick Days Act" $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2016)
  42. California Fast Food Restaurant Minimum Wage and Labor Regulations Referendum (2024)
  43. Missouri Local Minimum Wage Initiative (2024)
  44. Missouri Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2024)
  45. Michigan $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2024)
  46. Arizona Proposition 212, $18 Minimum Wage Initiative (2024)
  47. Missouri Prohibit State Preemption of Local Minimum Wage and Benefits Laws Initiative (2020)
  48. California "Fair Wage Act of 2016" $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2016)
  49. Ohio "Fair Wage" Amendment (2016)
  50. California Sports Market Trade Regulation Amendment (2016)
  51. South Carolina Minimum Wage Increase Question (2016)
  52. Ohio Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2020)
Voting on
Minimum Wage
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Ballot Measures
By state
By year
Not on ballot
Issues
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Measures by topic
Measures by year
Measures by state


See also


Footnotes

  1. ↑ In 2014, voters approved an advisory question on increasing the minimum wage in Illinois. As this question was nonbinding, the measure is not counted here.
  2. ↑ Question 5 would have increased the minimum wage for tipped employees to match the general state minimum wage, which was $15.00 in 2024.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Question 6 required employers to compensate employees $5.15 per hour when the employer provides health benefits or $6.15 per hour when the employer does not provide health benefits.
  4. ↑ Proposition A would have also added 15 cents to the minimum wage each year beginning in 2000.
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