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Arizona's 6th Congressional District election, 2020 (August 4 Democratic primary)

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2022
2018
Arizona's 6th Congressional District
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Democratic primary
Republican primary
General election
Election details
Filing deadline: April 6, 2020
Primary: August 4, 2020
General: November 3, 2020

Pre-election incumbent:
David Schweikert (Republican)
How to vote
Poll times: 6 a.m. to 7 p.m.
Voting in Arizona
Race ratings
Cook Political Report: Toss-up
Inside Elections: Toss-up
Sabato's Crystal Ball: Lean Democratic
Ballotpedia analysis
U.S. Senate battlegrounds
U.S. House battlegrounds
Federal and state primary competitiveness
Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2020
See also
Arizona's 6th Congressional District
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Arizona elections, 2020
U.S. Congress elections, 2020
U.S. Senate elections, 2020
U.S. House elections, 2020

Hiral Tipirneni defeated Anita Malik, Stephanie Rimmer, and Karl Gentles in the Democratic primary for Arizona's 6th Congressional District on August 4, 2020. Tipirneni received 53% of the vote to Malik's 37%. Rimmer and Gentles each received less than 10% of the vote.[1]

Gentles, Malik, and Tipirneni led in endorsements, fundraising, and media attention. In 2018, Malik was the Democratic nominee in this district, while Tipirneni was the Democratic nominee in the neighboring 8th District.

Malik was endorsed by Demand Universal Healthcare and Peace Action. She said, "As a tech executive and small business owner, I know we must create well-paying jobs in emerging industries and in sectors proven to benefit local communities."[2]

Tipirneni, who received endorsements from U.S. Reps. Ann Kirkpatrick (D-Ariz.) and Tom O'Halleran (D-Ariz.) and groups including EMILY's List, End Citizens United, and Planned Parenthood Action Fund, highlighted her background as an emergency physician.[3]

Gentles, who received the endorsement of Our Voice, Our Vote Arizona, said he learned the value of bipartisan service while working for Arizona political figures including Sen. John McCain (R) and Gov. Bruce Babbitt (D).[4]

As of July 2020, major independent observers rated the general election as lean Republican or likely Republican. The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+9, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were nine percentage points more Republican than the national average. In 2018, incumbent David Schweikert (R) defeated Malik by a margin of 10.4 percentage points. In the 2016 election, Schweikert won re-election by a margin of 24.2 percentage points. Click here to learn more about what's at stake in the general election.

Click on candidate names below to view their key messages:


Gentles

Malik

Tipirneni


This page focuses on Arizona's 6th Congressional District Democratic primary. For more in-depth information on the district's Republican primary and the general election, see the following pages:

Election procedure changes in 2020

See also: Changes to election dates, procedures, and administration in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020

Ballotpedia provided comprehensive coverage of how election dates and procedures changed in 2020. While the majority of changes occurred as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, some changes occurred for other reasons.

Arizona made no changes to its August 4, 2020, primary election.

For a full timeline about election modifications made in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, click here.



Candidates and election results

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Arizona District 6

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Hiral Tipirneni
Hiral Tipirneni
 
53.1
 
42,566
Image of Anita Malik
Anita Malik Candidate Connection
 
36.5
 
29,238
Image of Stephanie Rimmer
Stephanie Rimmer Candidate Connection
 
5.7
 
4,601
Image of Karl Gentles
Karl Gentles
 
4.6
 
3,657
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.1
 
87

Total votes: 80,149
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Candidate profiles

This section includes candidate profiles created in one of two ways. Either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey or Ballotpedia staff created a profile after identifying the candidate as noteworthy.[5] Ballotpedia staff compiled profiles based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements.

Image of Karl Gentles

WebsiteFacebookTwitter

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: No

Political Office: None

Biography:  Gentles graduated from Arizona State University with a degree in organizational communication in 1987 and obtained his M.B.A. from the same institution in 1997. Gentles worked for four years as a staff assistant to Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) before joining Bank One as an assistant vice president and corporate relations manager in 1993. In 1998, Gentles joined the Greater Phoenix Economic Council as a media relations manager. There, he worked on the team responsible for USAA's expansion into Phoenix. He joined USAA in 2001 and worked there for six years before founding Karl Gentles Public Relations. In 2015, Gentles founded The Gentles Agency, a public relations agency.



Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.


"I learned the power of placing duty, honor, and country above self. I saw the results that are possible when you honor the values of hard work, transparency, and character. I carry those lessons with me to this day. I’ve been preparing to serve you, the people of Congressional District 6, for more than three decades. I choose principles over politics and political ambition. I have the experience it takes to get things done, here and in Washington, D.C."


"It's time to turn our anger into action. We need meaningful reforms: body cameras, better police training, no chokeholds, and full accountability for bad behavior. We can balance equality, community, and safety."


"Countries around the world have done a better job of managing economic downturns in part because their people have faith in their institutions, their leadership, and each other. Without trust, you can’t have family economics that is sustainable, retirement benefits that deliver the outcomes we’ve worked hard for, salaries you can live on, water supplies that are clean, medicines that are safe, and hospitals that have sufficient capacity to care for us when needed. Our society is vulnerable and at-risk in many ways. We have to trust each other and we have to trust our government to be there when we need it."


Show sources

This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Arizona District 6 in 2020.

Image of Anita Malik

WebsiteFacebookTwitterYouTube

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: No

Political Office: None

Submitted Biography "I've been a progressive leader in the tech and publishing industries for nearly two decades, tirelessly fighting for workplace equality. As a woman in tech, former COO and Deputy Director, I've often led the way for women and people of color to have an equal voice at the table by fighting for inclusiveness, equal pay and maternity leave. In 2018, I had the honor and privilege to be the Democratic nominee representing our district's families. I know this district, I grew up here and went to our public schools. Because of my deep roots here, we made history in the 2018 election. We grew a grassroots movement, people who had never engaged in politics turned out to create change. We won a competitive 3-way primary, and went on to swing the district 14 points in the general election. But during the general, my husband, James, had a catastrophic health emergency, resulting in over $200,000 in medical bills. We had insurance, but our broken health care system failed our family, leaving us to be part of the ⅓ of American families struggling with medical debt. I'm ready to fight for our families and enact the changes we need."


Key Messages

To read this candidate's full survey responses, click here.


STRENGTHENING OUR FAMILIES: ECONOMY, JOBS AND EDUCATION I'll prioritize direct investments to our families and small businesses to ensure healthy people and a healthy economy well beyond this crisis. This includes helping to cover payroll and benefits for small businesses during COVID-19; continuing stimulus checks; establishing greater housing and rental protections; expanding and strengthening our supply chains; enacting universal paid family, medical and sick leave; extending unemployment assistance; ensuring stronger labor and fair trade policies; strengthening Social Security and passing a livable wage. I won't hesitate to empower our families. That's my commitment.


KEEPING OUR FAMILIES HEALTHY: ENACTING HEALTH CARE AS A RIGHT We must move boldly away from employer-based coverage to guaranteed health care for all. However, if we're unable to pass a Medicare-for-All solution, I'll take meaningful, urgent steps to strengthen the ACA and build the foundation for universal health care. We must offer Medicare as a strong and affordable option for the uninsured and underinsured; end surprise billing and lower prescription drug prices. We must also take bold measures to effectively curb COVID-19. This includes having a unified response that protects frontline workers; develops vaccines and treatments and takes action to manufacture PPEs, ventilators and tests.


EMPOWERING OUR VOICES: FIGHTING CORRUPTION AND CORPORATE INFLUENCE IN POLITICS I strongly stand against corporate influence over our Democracy and party; we must always put people over profits. To empower our community, I'm running a grassroots campaign with no corporate PAC money or self-funding. In fact, I'm the only candidate in this race with a plan and pledge to restore our voice in Congress. I'll enact a lifetime ban on lobbying for elected officials and require their tax returns; promote matching public funds for small donors; fight dark money; encourage independent redistricting; prohibit lawmakers from owning individual stocks and establish automatic voter registration. No American should be left voiceless in our Democracy.

This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Arizona District 6 in 2020.

Image of Stephanie Rimmer

WebsiteFacebookTwitterYouTube

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: No

Political Office: None

Submitted Biography "Stephanie Rimmer is a Scottsdale Business Owner and 25-year resident of the NE Valley. A lifelong public servant, Stephanie was honored as a 2016 Phoenix Chamber ATHENA Award Nominee for her dedication to public initiatives that protect our water, promote conservation, enhance education & promote equity. The former spokesperson for the Clean Elections Institute, Stephanie is committed to passing campaign finance reform at the federal level. Her campaign is dedicated to improving the future for everyone by expanding Medicare, funding universal pre-k, making college affordable and growing jobs in sustainability. Stephanie is a member of the Scottsdale Chamber, Arizona-Mexico Commission, Women in International Trade and serves on the Leadership Council for the National Small Business Association. She is currently a foster parent, previously served as a Court Appointed Special Advocate and served three Arizona Governors: Jane Hull's Kids Safety Calendar; Janet Napolitano's Call to Action on Overweight & Obesity; Fife Symington's Call to Action on Violence in Arizona. The granddaughter of World War II Veterans with a long family history of union membership, Stephanie's roots began in public service. She and her husband, John, instill the values of hard work, honesty and service in their four daughters. "


Key Messages

To read this candidate's full survey responses, click here.


Healthcare the Works


Education for the Future


Jobs in Sustainability

This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Arizona District 6 in 2020.

Image of Hiral Tipirneni

WebsiteFacebookTwitter

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: No

Political Office: None

Biography:  Tipirneni received her M.D. from Northeast Ohio Medical University in 1992. Beginning in 1997, she worked for eight years as an emergency physician with Banner Health. In 2010, she joined the Society of Research Administrators International as a scientific review officer. As of her 2020 campaign, she remained with the group. At SRA International, Tipirneni oversaw research into treatments for breast cancer, prostate cancer, and childhood leukemia.



Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.


"I believe in solving problems and improving lives, which is all about people, not partisanship. That’s what I did in the emergency room, and I’m running for Congress to do the same."


"I feel like there’s never been a moment where it’s been more critical for us to have physicians and scientists at the table."


Show sources

This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Arizona District 6 in 2020.


Noteworthy primary endorsements

This section includes noteworthy endorsements issued in the primary, added as we learn about them. Click here to read how we define noteworthy primary endorsements. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please email us.

Democratic primary endorsements
Endorsement Gentles Malik Tipirneni
Elected officials
U.S. Rep. Ann Kirkpatrick (D-Ariz.)[6]
U.S. Rep. Tom O'Halleran (D-Ariz.)[6]
Organizations
314 Action[7]
ASPIRE PAC[7]
BOLD PAC[7]
Brady Campaign to End Gun Violence[7]
Demand Universal Healthcare (DUH)[8]
Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee[7]
EMILY's List[9]
Elect AAPI[7]
End Citizens United[10]
Equality PAC[7]
Everytown for Gun Safety[7]
Her Time[7]
Human Rights Campaign[11]
League of Conservation Voters[7]
NARAL[7]
NewDem Action Fund[12]
Off the Sidelines[7]
Peace Action[13]
Planned Parenthood Action Fund[14]

Campaign finance

This section contains campaign finance figures from the Federal Election Commission covering all candidate fundraising and spending in this election.[15] It does not include information on fundraising before the current campaign cycle or on spending by satellite groups. The numbers in this section are updated as candidates file new campaign finance reports. Candidates for Congress are required to file financial reports on a quarterly basis, as well as two weeks before any primary, runoff, or general election in which they will be on the ballot and upon the termination of any campaign committees.[16] The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted to the Federal Election Commission.

Name Party Receipts* Disbursements** Cash on hand Date
Karl Gentles Democratic Party $256,955 $254,414 $2,541 As of December 31, 2020
Anita Malik Democratic Party $260,453 $266,207 $442 As of December 31, 2020
Stephanie Rimmer Democratic Party $190,419 $191,113 $0 As of December 31, 2020
Hiral Tipirneni Democratic Party $6,348,268 $6,413,897 $34,973 As of December 31, 2020

Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2020. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).

* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee."
** According to the FEC, a disbursement "is a purchase, payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit or gift of money or anything of value to influence a federal election," plus other kinds of payments not made to influence a federal election.


Primaries in Arizona

A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. Arizona utilizes a semi-closed primary system. Unaffiliated voters may choose which party's primary they will vote in, but voters registered with a party can only vote in that party's primary.[17][18][19]

For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.

What was at stake in the general election?

See also: Arizona's 6th Congressional District election, 2020

U.S. House elections were held on November 3, 2020, and coincided with the 2020 presidential election. All 435 House districts were up for election, and the results determined control of the U.S. House in the 117th Congress.

At the time of the election, Democrats had a 232-197 advantage over Republicans. There was one Libertarian member, and there were five vacancies. Republicans needed to gain a net 21 seats to win control of the House. Democrats needed to gain seats or lose fewer than 14 net seats to keep their majority.

In the 2018 midterm election, Democrats had a net gain of 40 seats, winning a 235-200 majority in the House. Heading into the 2018 election, Republicans had a 235-193 majority with seven vacancies.

In the 25 previous House elections that coincided with a presidential election, the president's party had gained House seats in 16 elections and lost seats in nine. In years where the president's party won districts, the average gain was 18. In years where the president's party lost districts, the average loss was 27. Click here for more information on presidential partisanship and down-ballot outcomes.


General election race ratings

See also: Race rating definitions and methods

Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:

  • Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
  • Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
  • Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[20]
  • Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.

Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[21][22][23]

Race ratings: Arizona's 6th Congressional District election, 2020
Race trackerRace ratings
November 3, 2020October 27, 2020October 20, 2020October 13, 2020
The Cook Political ReportToss-upToss-upToss-upToss-up
Inside Elections with Nathan L. GonzalesToss-upToss-upToss-upTilt Republican
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal BallLean DemocraticToss-upToss-upToss-up
Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every week throughout the election season.

District analysis

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores

The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+9, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were 9 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Arizona's 6th Congressional District the 139th most Republican nationally.[24]

FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 1.09. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.09 points toward that party.[25]

District election history

2018

See also: Arizona's 6th Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House Arizona District 6

Incumbent David Schweikert defeated Anita Malik in the general election for U.S. House Arizona District 6 on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of David Schweikert
David Schweikert (R)
 
55.2
 
173,140
Image of Anita Malik
Anita Malik (D) Candidate Connection
 
44.8
 
140,559

Total votes: 313,699
(100.00% precincts reporting)
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Arizona District 6

Anita Malik defeated Heather Ross and Garrick McFadden in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Arizona District 6 on August 28, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Anita Malik
Anita Malik Candidate Connection
 
42.2
 
22,666
Image of Heather Ross
Heather Ross
 
37.6
 
20,203
Image of Garrick McFadden
Garrick McFadden
 
20.2
 
10,825

Total votes: 53,694
(100.00% precincts reporting)
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Arizona District 6

Incumbent David Schweikert advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Arizona District 6 on August 28, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of David Schweikert
David Schweikert
 
100.0
 
83,406

Total votes: 83,406
(100.00% precincts reporting)
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

2016

See also: Arizona's 6th Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent David Schweikert (R) defeated John Williamson (D) and Michael Shoen (L write-in) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Schweikert defeated Russ Wittenberg in the Republican primary, while Williamson defeated Brian Sinuk to win the Democratic nomination. The primary elections took place on August 30, 2016.[26][27][28]

U.S. House, Arizona District 6 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngDavid Schweikert Incumbent 62.1% 201,578
     Democratic John Williamson 37.9% 122,866
Total Votes 324,444
Source: Arizona Secretary of State


U.S. House, Arizona District 6 Republican Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngDavid Schweikert Incumbent 80.3% 63,378
Russ Wittenberg 19.7% 15,535
Total Votes 78,913
Source: Arizona Secretary of State
U.S. House, Arizona District 6 Democratic Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Williamson 58.8% 17,561
Brian Sinuk 41.2% 12,293
Total Votes 29,854
Source: Arizona Secretary of State

2014

See also: Arizona's 6th Congressional District elections, 2014

The 6th Congressional District of Arizona held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent David Schweikert (R) defeated John Williamson (D) in the general election.

U.S. House, Arizona District 6 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngDavid Schweikert Incumbent 64.9% 129,578
     Democratic John Williamson 35.1% 70,198
Total Votes 199,776
Source: Arizona Secretary of State

State profile

See also: Arizona and Arizona elections, 2020
USA Arizona location map.svg

Partisan data

The information in this section was current as of July 22, 2020

Presidential voting pattern

  • Arizona voted Republican in six out of the seven presidential elections between 2000 and 2024.

Congressional delegation

State executives

  • Democrats held three of Arizona's 16 state executive offices and Republicans held eight. Elections for the other offices are nonpartisan.
  • Arizona's governor was Republican Doug Ducey.

State legislature

Arizona Party Control: 1992-2025
No Democratic trifectas  •  Twenty-two years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Governor R R R R R R R R R R R D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D D D
Senate R R R R R R R R R S S R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
House R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R

Arizona quick stats

More Arizona coverage on Ballotpedia:


Demographic data for Arizona
 ArizonaU.S.
Total population:6,817,565316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):113,5943,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:78.4%73.6%
Black/African American:4.2%12.6%
Asian:3%5.1%
Native American:4.4%0.8%
Pacific Islander:0.2%0.2%
Two or more:3.2%3%
Hispanic/Latino:30.3%17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:86%86.7%
College graduation rate:27.5%29.8%
Income
Median household income:$50,255$53,889
Persons below poverty level:21.2%11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Arizona.
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.


See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. The New York Times, "Arizona Primary Election Results: Sixth Congressional District," accessed August 4, 2020
  2. Anita Malik 2020 campaign website, "Issues," accessed July 23, 2020
  3. Hiral Tipirneni 2020 campaign website, "Home," accessed July 29, 2020
  4. Karl Gentles 2020 campaign website, "About Karl Gentles," accessed July 29, 2020
  5. Candidate Connection surveys completed before September 26, 2019, were not used to generate candidate profiles. In battleground primaries, Ballotpedia based its selection of noteworthy candidates on polling, fundraising, and noteworthy endorsements. In battleground general elections, all major party candidates and any other candidates with the potential to impact the outcome of the race were included.
  6. 6.0 6.1 azcentral.com, "Hiral Tipirneni endorsed by Reps. Ann Kirkpatrick, Tom O'Halleran," June 19, 2019
  7. 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 Hiral Tipirneni 2020 campaign website, "Endorsements," accessed July 23, 2020
  8. DUH!, "U.S. House and Senate Candidates, accessed July 23, 2020
  9. Twitter, "EMILY's List on September 13, 2019," accessed July 23, 2020
  10. []https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/end-citizens-united-endorses-hiral-tipirneni-az-06/ End Citizens United, "End Citizens United Endorses Hiral Tipirneni For AZ-06," September 16, 2019]
  11. Human Rights Campaign, "Human Rights Campaign Makes Endorsements to Expand the Pro-Equality Majority in Congress," June 3, 2020
  12. Hiral Tipirneni 2020 campaign website, "NewDem Action Fund Endorses Dr. Hiral Tipirneni for Arizona's 6th Congressional District," February 10, 2020
  13. Peace Action, "Endorsements," accessed July 23, 2020
  14. Planned Parenthood, "Planned Parenthood Action Fund Endorses 89 Candidates Deeply Committed to Protecting Safe, Legal Abortion," October 10, 2019
  15. Fundraising by primary candidates can be found on the race's respective primary election page. Fundraising by general election candidates can be found on the race's general election page.
  16. Federal Election Commission, "2022 Quarterly Reports," accessed March 2, 2022
  17. National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Types," accessed July 19, 2024
  18. Citizens Clean Elections Commission, "Primary Election," accessed July 19, 2024
  19. Arizona State Legislature, "Arizona Revised Statutes 16-467," accessed July 19 2024
  20. Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
  21. Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
  22. Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
  23. Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
  24. Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
  25. FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
  26. Arizona Secretary of State, "2016 Primary Candidates," accessed June 2, 2016
  27. Politico, " Arizona House Primaries Results," August 30, 2016
  28. CNN, "Election Results," accessed November 8, 2016


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Eli Crane (R)
District 3
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