Florida Amendment 12, Lobbying Restrictions Amendment (2018)

Elections in Florida, 2018

• General election: Nov. 6
• Voter registration deadline: Oct. 9
• Early voting: Oct. 27 - Nov. 3
• Absentee voting deadline: Nov. 6

• Online registration: Yes
• Same-day registration: No
• Voter ID: Photo ID required
• Poll times: 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.

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Florida Amendment 12
Election date November 6, 2018
Topic Government accountability
Status a Approved
Type Commission-referral	Origin Legislative commission
List of Florida measuresFlorida Amendment 1Florida Amendment 2Florida Amendment 3Florida Amendment 4Florida Amendment 5Florida Amendment 6Florida Amendment 7Florida Amendment 9Florida Amendment 10Florida Amendment 11Florida Amendment 12Florida Amendment 13Submit

Florida Amendment 12, the Lobbying Restrictions Amendment was on the ballot in Florida as a commission referral on November 6, 2018. It was approved.

A "yes" vote supported prohibiting public officials from lobbying for compensation during the official's term in office and for six years after the official leaves office and prohibiting public officials from using the office to obtain a disproportionate benefit.

A "no" vote opposed prohibiting public officials from lobbying for compensation during the official's term in office and for six years after the official leaves office and prohibiting public officials from using the office to obtain a disproportionate benefit.

In Florida, a constitutional amendment requires a 60 percent supermajority vote at the ballot for approval.

Election results

Florida Amendment 12
Result		Votes	Percentage
Yes		6,116,404	78.92%
No		1,633,249	21.08%

Results are officially certified.

Source

Overview

How did this measure get on the ballot?

The Florida Constitution Revision Commission (CRC) voted 30-4 to place Amendment 12 on the ballot for the election. The 37-member commission, which meets every 20 years to propose changes to the Florida Constitution, is unique amongst the states. Florida is the only state with a commission empowered to refer constitutional amendments to the ballot. Republicans, including legislative leaders and Gov. Rick Scott, appointed 33 of the commissioners. Attorney General Pam Bondi (R) also served on the commission. Jorge Labarga, chief justice of the Florida Supreme Court, appointed the three remaining members.

Text of measure

Ballot title

The ballot title was as follows:

“

LOBBYING AND ABUSE OF OFFICE BY PUBLIC OFFICERS.

”

Ballot summary

The ballot summary was as follows:

“

Expands current restrictions on lobbying for compensation by former public officers; creates restrictions on lobbying for compensation by currently serving public officers; provides exceptions; prohibits certain abuses of public office for personal benefit.

”

Constitutional changes

See also: Florida Constitution

Amendment 12 amended Section 8 of Article II and Section 13 of Article V of the Florida Constitution and add a new section to Article XII of the state constitution. The following underlined text was added and struck-through text was deleted:

Note: Hover over the text and scroll to see the full text.

Section 8 of Article II

Ethics in Government.—A public office is a public trust. The people shall have the right to secure and sustain that trust against abuse. To assure this right:

(a) All elected constitutional officers and candidates for such offices and, as may be determined by law, other public officers, candidates, and employees shall file full and public disclosure of their financial interests.

(b) All elected public officers and candidates for such offices shall file full and public disclosure of their campaign finances.

(c) Any public officer or employee who breaches the public trust for private gain and any person or entity inducing such breach shall be liable to the state for all financial benefits obtained by such actions. The manner of recovery and additional damages may be provided by law.

(d) Any public officer or employee who is convicted of a felony involving a breach of public trust shall be subject to forfeiture of rights and privileges under a public retirement system or pension plan in such manner as may be provided by law.

(e) No member of the legislature or statewide elected officer shall personally represent another person or entity for compensation before the government body or agency of which the individual was an officer or member for a period of two years following vacation of office. No member of the legislature shall personally represent another person or entity for compensation during term of office before any state agency other than judicial tribunals. Similar restrictions on other public officers and employees may be established by law.

(f)(1) For purposes of this subsection, the term “public officer” means a statewide elected officer, a member of the legislature, a county commissioner, a county officer pursuant to Article VIII or county charter, a school board member, a superintendent of schools, an elected municipal officer, an elected special district officer in a special district with ad valorem taxing authority, or a person serving as a secretary, an executive director, or other agency head of a department of the executive branch of state government.

(2) A public officer shall not lobby for compensation on issues of policy, appropriations, or procurement before the federal government, the legislature, any state government body or agency, or any political subdivision of this state, during his or her term of office.

(3) A public officer shall not lobby for compensation on issues of policy, appropriations, or procurement for a period of six years after vacation of public position, as follows:

a. A statewide elected officer or member of the legislature shall not lobby the legislature or any state government body or agency.

b. A person serving as a secretary, an executive director, or other agency head of a department of the executive branch of state government shall not lobby the legislature, the governor, the executive office of the governor, members of the cabinet, a department that is headed by a member of the cabinet, or his or her former department.

c. A county commissioner, a county officer pursuant to Article VIII or county charter, a school board member, a superintendent of schools, an elected municipal officer, or an elected special district officer in a special district with ad valorem taxing authority shall not lobby his or her former agency or governing body.

(4) This subsection shall not be construed to prohibit a public officer from carrying out the duties of his or her public office.

(5) The legislature may enact legislation to implement this subsection, including, but not limited to, defining terms and providing penalties for violations. Any such law shall not contain provisions on any other subject.

(f) (g) There shall be an independent commission to conduct investigations and make public reports on all complaints concerning breach of public trust by public officers or employees not within the jurisdiction of the judicial qualifications commission.

(g) (h)(1) A code of ethics for all state employees and nonjudicial officers prohibiting conflict between public duty and private interests shall be prescribed by law.

(2) A public officer or public employee shall not abuse his or her public position in order to obtain a disproportionate benefit for himself or herself; his or her spouse, children, or employer; or for any business with which he or she contracts; in which he or she is an officer, a partner, a director, or a proprietor; or in which he or she owns an interest. The Florida Commission on Ethics shall, by rule in accordance with statutory procedures governing administrative rulemaking, define the term “disproportionate benefit” and prescribe the requisite intent for finding a violation of this prohibition for purposes of enforcing this paragraph. Appropriate penalties shall be prescribed by law.

(h) (i) This section shall not be construed to limit disclosures and prohibitions which may be established by law to preserve the public trust and avoid conflicts between public duties and private interests.

(i) (j) Schedule—On the effective date of this amendment and until changed by law:

(1) Full and public disclosure of financial interests shall mean filing with the custodian of state records by July 1 of each year a sworn statement showing net worth and identifying each asset and liability in excess of $1,000 and its value together with one of the following:

a. A copy of the person’s most recent federal income tax return; or

b. A sworn statement which identifies each separate source and amount of income which exceeds $1,000. The forms for such source disclosure and the rules under which they are to be filed shall be prescribed by the independent commission established in subsection (f), and such rules shall include disclosure of secondary sources of income.

(2) Persons holding statewide elective offices shall also file disclosure of their financial interests pursuant to subsection (i)(1) paragraph (1).

(3) The independent commission provided for in subsection (f) (g) shall mean the Florida Commission on Ethics.

Section 13 of Article V

Prohibited Activities Ethics in the judiciary.—(a) All justices and judges shall devote full time to their judicial duties. They A justice or judge shall not engage in the practice of law or hold office in any political party.

(b) A former justice or former judge shall not lobby for compensation on issues of policy, appropriations, or procurement before the legislative or executive branches of state government for a period of six years after he or she vacates his or her judicial position. The legislature may enact legislation to implement this subsection, including, but not limited to, defining terms and providing penalties for violations. Any such law shall not contain provisions on any other subject.

Schedule of Article XII

Prohibitions regarding lobbying for compensation and abuse of public position by public officers and public employees.—The amendments to Section 8 of Article II and Section 13 of Article V shall take effect December 31, 2022; except that the amendments to Section 8(h) of Article II shall take effect December 31, 2020, and:

(a) The Florida Commission on Ethics shall, by rule, define the term “disproportionate benefit” and prescribe the requisite intent for finding a violation of the prohibition against abuse of public position by October 1, 2019, as specified in Section 8(h) of Article II.

(b) Following the adoption of rules pursuant to subsection (a), the legislature shall enact implementing legislation establishing penalties for violations of the prohibition against abuse of public position to take effect December 31, 2020.

Readability score

See also: Ballot measure readability scores, 2018

Using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) formulas, Ballotpedia scored the readability of the ballot title and summary for this measure. Readability scores are designed to indicate the reading difficulty of text. The Flesch-Kincaid formulas account for the number of words, syllables, and sentences in a text; they do not account for the difficulty of the ideas in the text. The Florida Constitution Revision Commission wrote the ballot language for this measure. The FKGL for the ballot title is grade level 8, and the FRE is 51. The word count for the ballot title is 8, and the estimated reading time is 2 seconds. The FKGL for the ballot summary is grade level 24, and the FRE is -16. The word count for the ballot summary is 33, and the estimated reading time is 8 seconds. In 2018, for the 167 statewide measures on the ballot, the average ballot title or question was written at a level appropriate for those with between 19 and 20 years of U.S. formal education (graduate school-level of education), according to the FKGL formula. Read Ballotpedia's entire 2018 ballot language readability report here.

Support

Commissioner Don Gaetz sponsored the proposal in the Florida Constitution Revision Commission that became Amendment 12.

Supporters

• Republican Party of Palm Beach County

Opposition

Opponents

• Florida Family Policy Council
• Democratic Progressive Caucus of Florida
• Save My Constitution opposed this measure, as well as every other measure placed on the November 2018 ballot by the Florida Constitution Revision Commission. The group consisted of former state and federal lawmakers including Jim Kallinger (R), Jeff Kottkamp (R), Jennifer Carroll (R), Sandy Adams (R), and Connie Mack (R). The group argued that the measures are confusing and misleading and were placed on the ballot in a deceptive way by bundling multiple subjects in a single proposal.
• Tampa Bay Young Republicans

Media editorials

See also: 2018 ballot measure media endorsements

Support

• The Sun-Sentinel said: "This amendment from the commission bars state officials — including agency heads, judges and local elected officials — from becoming paid lobbyists before local, state or federal agencies. (They could still lobby in connection with their official duties.) It would prohibit them from lobbying their former agencies until six years after they have left office. Presently, legislators, governors and Cabinet members must sit out two years before lobbying their former colleagues, but that hasn’t stopped lobbying firms from hiring former lawmakers to give “advice” while the two-year clock runs. The main objection to Amendment 12 is that six years is too drastic and would discourage qualified people from running for office. But if your motive for running is to become a lobbyist, perhaps “public service” isn’t your proper calling. We recommend a yes vote."
• The Naples Daily News said: "This amendment alone won’t clean up all that can be addressed to improve government ethics in the state. Campaign finance reform to control the influence of money on political campaigns and the meting out of harsher, quicker and more frequent penalties by the Florida Ethics Commission also would help. Amendment 12 is an improvement, however, and deserves a 'yes' vote."
• The Palm Beach Post said: "Two more CRC-sponsored amendments also have merit. Amendment 12 would expand ethics rules on lobbying. Amendment 13 would ban the outdated and inhumane activity of greyhound racing."
• The Herald-Tribune said: "The lobby industry has grown exponentially in recent years, providing greater and more lucrative opportunities for state officials to leverage their influence and public office for personal financial gain. ... Legislators and other elected officials are not going to advance the cause of ethics reform; it’s up to voters to assert their will. We strongly recommend voting YES, for Amendment 12."
• Ocala Star-Banner said: "The lobby industry has grown exponentially in recent years, providing greater and more lucrative opportunities for state officials to leverage their influence and public office for personal financial gain. As Gaetz noted, legislators and other elected officials are not going to advance the cause of ethics reform; it’s up to voters to assert their will. We recommend voting YES on Amendment 12."
• The Independent Florida Alligator said: "Vote YES - The Lobbying and Abuse of Office by Public Officers Amendment would bar public officials from lobbying while in office and six years afterward and prevent current officeholders from profiting from their position."
• The Orlando Sentinel said: "Considering the lack of trust in government today, it’s hard to imagine what the downside to this amendment is. This largely stops the revolving door that leads from public service to private profit. To increase public trust in government, vote yes on Amendment 12."
• The Miami Herald said: "However, we’ve seen too many lawmakers skirt even that rule by acting as, say, paid consultants before the time is up. Plus, there’s the perception, to say nothing of the reality, that some legislators are auditioning for their next job when they should be serving their constituents. Many government-watchdog groups support this amendment. We do, too."

Opposition

• The News-Press said: "No on Amendment 12: It expands ethics rules for public officials, banning those who are officials/employees from lobbying the state and federal government during their terms of office and for six years after they leave office. The current rule is two years. Officials are not allowed to use their office for private gain and the Legislature should be cracking down on those who do through laws it already has."
• The Tampa Bay Times said: "This amendment would prevent the governor, Cabinet members, agency heads, state lawmakers and local elected officials from getting paid to lobby their former colleagues for six years after leaving office. Judges would also be banned from lobbying the Legislature or executive branch for six years. Although this amendment would move toward stopping the revolving door from elected office to paid lobbyist, it puts an unfair six-year burden on those who might otherwise consider public office and would be good candidates. It doesn’t belong in the Constitution. On Amendment 12, the Tampa Bay Times recommends voting No."
• The Tallahassee Democrat said: "[Amendments 5, 7, 10, 12, and 13] are the detritus of the Constitution Revision Commission, with little or no impact on the lives of average Floridians, the kind of multi-tasking snowballing the CRC littered its amendments with — unrelated topics cobbled together in take-it-or-leave-it propositions. For most of them, we say leave it."
• Your Observer said: "Few things irritate voters more than former elected and public officials becoming rich, fat-cat lobbyists. Amendment 12 would triple the amount of time former public officials would be barred from lobbying their former colleagues. But this proposed six-year ban can also be construed as government overreach into individuals’ free speech and pursuit of happiness. It would limit individual freedom. Six years is too long. We recommend: Vote no."
• The Treasure Coast Newspapers said: "While we support enhanced ethics rules for public officials, we have concerns about enshrining such specific limits in the state's governing document. That would make them more difficult to adjust in the future. These rules should be addressed transparently by the state Legislature."

Additional editorial endorsements

In addition to the above editorial endorsements, the following outlets have also endorsed a no vote on the measure:

• The Florida Times-Union
• The Daily Commercial

Campaign finance

Total campaign contributions:
Support:	$0.00
Opposition:	$0.00

See also: Campaign finance requirements for Florida ballot measures

Ballotpedia did not identify any ballot measure committees registered in support of Amendment 12 or in opposition to Amendment 12.

Polls

See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls

The following poll was conducted by Cherry Communications and commissioned by the Florida Chamber of Commerce to gauge voter support and opposition toward the amendments on Florida's 2018 ballot. A total of 605 likely voters were polled, including 237 Republicans, 249 Democrats, and 119 others.

Support and Opposition for Amendment 12
Poll	Support	Oppose	Undecided	Margin of error	Sample size
Florida Chamber of Commerce Poll 5/25/18 - 6/2/18	55%	18%	27%	+/-4.0	605
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org.

Path to the ballot

See also: Florida Constitution Revision Commission, 2018 proposals

The Florida Constitution Revision Commission referred the constitutional amendment to the ballot for the general election on November 6, 2018. The Florida CRC is a 37-member commission provided for in the state constitution that reviews and proposes changes to the Florida Constitution. The CRC refers constitutional amendments directly to the ballot for a public vote, which makes the commission unique amongst the states. Florida is the only state with a commission empowered to refer constitutional amendments to the ballot. The CRC convenes every 20 years.

Proposal 6007

In the CRC, the ballot measure was known as Proposal 6007. The measure needed to receive the vote of 22 commissions. On April 16, 2018, a total of 30 members (81.08 percent) voted "yes" on Proposal 6007. Four members (10.81 percent) voted "no" on the proposal. Three members (8.11 percent) did not vote.

Proposal 6007 was a revision of Proposal 39.

The following table illustrates how individual commissioners voted on Proposal 6007:

Commissioner	Appointed by	Occupation	Vote
Anna Marie Hernandez Gamez	Senate president	Former President, Cuban American Bar Association; Attorney	a
Arthenia Joyner	Chief Justice	Former State Senator; Attorney	d
Belinda Keiser	Governor	Vice Chancellor, Keiser University	a
Bob Solari	Senate president	County Commissioner, Indian River County; Former President and Manager, RMS Financial Services; Former President and Director, International Citrus Corporation and Incitco Realty, Inc.	d
Brecht Heuchan	Governor	CEO, ContributionLink, LLC; Owner, The Labrador Company	a
Carlos Beruff (Chair)	Governor	CEO, Medallion Homes	a
Carolyn Timmann	Senate president	Clerk of the Circuit Court and Comptroller of Martin County	a
Chris Nocco	House speaker	Sheriff of Pasco County	a
Chris Smith	Senate president	Former State Senator; Attorney	a
Chris Sprowls	House speaker	State Representative	a
Darlene Jordan	Governor	Executive Director, Gerald R. Jordan Foundation; Former Assistant Attorney General of Massachusetts	a
Darryl Rouson	House speaker	State Senator	a
Don Gaetz	Senate president	Former State Senator; Retired Vice Chairman, VITAS Healthcare Corporation	a
Emery Gainey	Governor	Director of Law Enforcement, Victim Services & Criminal Justice, Florida Department of Legal Affairs	a
Erika Donalds	House speaker	Member, Collier County School Board; CFO, CCO, and Partner, Dalton, Greiner, Hartman, Maher & Co., LLC	a
Frank Kruppenbacher	Governor	Chairman, Greater Orlando Aviation Authority; Attorney	a
Fred Karlinsky	Governor	Co-Chair, Greenberg Traurig’s Insurance Regulatory and Transactions Practice Group	a
Gary Lester	Governor	Developer and VP, The Villages for Community Relations; President, The Villages Charter School	a
Hank Coxe	Chief Justice	Former President, The Florida Bar; Attorney	a
Jacqui Thurlow-Lippisch	Senate president	Former Mayor of Sewall's Point; Realtor	a
Jeanette Nuñez	House speaker	State Representative	a
John Stemberger	House speaker	President & General Counsel, Florida Family Policy Council	a
John Stargel	Governor	Judge of the Tenth Judicial Circuit Court	a
Jose Felix Diaz	House speaker	State Representative	d
Lisa Carlton	Governor	Former State Senator; Co–Owner and Manager, Mabry Carlton Ranch	a
Marva Johnson	Governor	Chair, Florida State Board of Education; Regional VP of State Government Affairs, Charter Communications	a
Nicole Washington	Governor	State Policy Consultant, Lumina Foundation	a
Pam Bondi	Automatic	Attorney General	N/A
Pam Stewart	Governor	Commissioner, Department of Education	N/A
Patricia Levesque	Senate president	Executive Director, Foundation for Florida’s Future; CEO, Foundation for Excellence in Education	a
Rich Newsome	House speaker	Senior Partner, Newsome Melton	a
Roberto Martinez	Chief Justice	Former U.S. Attorney for South Florida; Attorney	a
Sherry Plymale	Senate president	Former Member, State Board of Community Colleges	a
Timothy Cerio	Governor	Former General Counsel to Governor Scott; Attorney	d
Tom Grady	Governor	Former State Representative; CEO, Continental Equities Group and GradyLaw	N/A
Tom Lee	House speaker	State Senator; VP and Director, Sabal Homes of Florida	a
William “Bill” Schifino, Jr.	Senate president	President, The Florida Bar; Attorney	a

Proposal 39

Commissioner Don Gaetz was the lead sponsor of Proposal 39. The proposal was designed to prohibit legislators, statewide elected officials, and judges from personally representing another person for compensation before the legislature or government agencies, other than judicial tribunals, and prohibit political subdivisions from having lobbyists to advocate for or against an appropriation from the legislature or executive budget request to benefit that subdivision. On March 19, 2018, Proposal 39 was approved 28 to five with four commissioners not voting. Proposal 39 needed to receive a simple majority vote of the commissioners to move forward. Proposal 39 was amended during the final floor vote on April 16, 2018.

How to cast a vote

See also: Voting in Florida

Poll times

In Florida, all polls are open from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. local time. Florida is divided between the Eastern and Central time zones. An individual who is in line at the time polls close must be allowed to vote.

Registration requirements

Check your voter registration status here.

To vote in Florida, one must be at least 18 years of age, a citizen of the United States, and a legal resident of Florida and the county in which he or she intends to vote. Pre-registration is available beginning at 16 years of age.

Voters may retrieve registration applications at the following locations:

• Local elections offices
• Public assistance agencies
• Disability services agencies
• Independent living centers
• Military recruitment offices
• Public libraries
• Drivers license office
• Tax collector's office
• The office of any entity authorized by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission to issue fishing, hunting, or trapping permits

A registration form is also available online. The form can be printed and submitted via mail.

Click here to find your county Supervisor of Elections.

Automatic registration

Florida does not practice automatic voter registration.

Online registration

See also: Online voter registration

Florida has implemented an online voter registration system. Residents can register to vote by visiting this website.

Voters may also apply for or modify their voter registration status while renewing their driver's license through the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles’ online renewal system here.

Same-day registration

Florida does not allow same-day voter registration.

Residency requirements

To register to vote in Florida, you must be a resident of the state. State law does not specify a length of time for which you must have been a resident to be eligible.

Verification of citizenship

See also: Laws permitting noncitizens to vote in the United States

Florida does not require proof of citizenship for voter registration. An individual must attest that they are a U.S. citizen when registering to vote. According to the state's voter registration application, "it is a 3rd degree felony to submit false information."

All 49 states with voter registration systems require applicants to declare that they are U.S. citizens in order to register to vote in state and federal elections, under penalty of perjury or other punishment. Seven states — Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, New Hampshire, and Wyoming — have laws requiring verification of citizenship at the time of voter registration, whether in effect or not. In three states — California, Maryland, and Vermont — at least one local jurisdiction allows noncitizens to vote in some local elections. Noncitizens registering to vote in those elections must complete a voter registration application provided by the local jurisdiction and are not eligible to register as state or federal voters.

Verifying your registration

The page Voter Information Lookup, run by the Florida Department of State, allows residents to check their voter registration status online.

Voter ID requirements

Florida requires voters to present photo identification with a signature while voting.

The following list of accepted ID was current as of July 2024. Click here for the Florida Secretary of State's page on accepted ID to ensure you have the most current information.

• Florida driver’s license
• Florida identification card issued by the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
• United States passport
• Debit or credit card
• Military identification
• Student identification
• Retirement center identification
• Neighborhood association identification
• Public assistance identification
• Veteran health identification card issued by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs
• License to carry a concealed weapon or firearm issued pursuant to s. 790.06
• Employee identification card issued by any branch, department, agency, or entity of the federal government, the state, a county, or a municipality

A voter who presents an ID without a signature must show a second form of identification that includes the voter’s signature.

State profile

Demographic data for Florida
	Florida	U.S.
Total population:	20,244,914	316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):	53,625	3,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:	76%	73.6%
Black/African American:	16.1%	12.6%
Asian:	2.6%	5.1%
Native American:	0.3%	0.8%
Pacific Islander:	0.1%	0.2%
Two or more:	2.4%	3%
Hispanic/Latino:	23.7%	17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:	86.9%	86.7%
College graduation rate:	27.3%	29.8%
Income
Median household income:	$47,507	$53,889
Persons below poverty level:	19.8%	11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015) Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Florida. **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.

Presidential voting pattern

See also: Presidential voting trends in Florida

Florida voted Republican in five out of the seven presidential elections between 2000 and 2024.

Pivot Counties (2016)

Ballotpedia identified 206 counties that voted for Donald Trump (R) in 2016 after voting for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012. Collectively, Trump won these Pivot Counties by more than 580,000 votes. Of these 206 counties, four are located in Florida, accounting for 1.94 percent of the total pivot counties.

Pivot Counties (2020)

In 2020, Ballotpedia re-examined the 206 Pivot Counties to view their voting patterns following that year's presidential election. Ballotpedia defined those won by Trump won as Retained Pivot Counties and those won by Joe Biden (D) as Boomerang Pivot Counties. Nationwide, there were 181 Retained Pivot Counties and 25 Boomerang Pivot Counties. Florida had three Retained Pivot Counties and one Boomerang Pivot County, accounting for 1.66 and 4.00 percent of all Retained and Boomerang Pivot Counties, respsectively.

More Florida coverage on Ballotpedia

• Elections in Florida
• United States congressional delegations from Florida
• Public policy in Florida
• Endorsers in Florida
• Florida fact checks
• More...

See also

2018 measures

• 2018 ballot measures
• Government accountability on the ballot

Florida

• Florida ballot measures
• Florida ballot measure laws
• Florida Constitution Revision Commission
• Florida Constitution Revision Commission, 2018 proposals

News and analysis

• Ballot measure lawsuits
• Ballot measure readability
• Ballot measure polls

External links

• Proposal 6007