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Mayoral election in Baltimore, Maryland, 2024 (May 14 Democratic primary)
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← 2020
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2024 Baltimore elections |
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Election dates |
Filing deadline: February 9, 2024 |
Primary election: May 14, 2024 General election: November 5, 2024 |
Election stats |
Offices up: Mayor |
Total seats up: 1 (click here for other city elections) |
Election type: Partisan |
Other municipal elections |
U.S. municipal elections, 2024 |
Incumbent Brandon Scott (D) won the Democratic primary for mayor of Baltimore, Maryland, on May 14, 2024. Scott received 51.1% of the vote. Sheila Dixon (D) finished in second place with 41.1%. Wayne Baker (D), Wendy Bozel (D), Texas Brown (D), Kevin P. Harris (D), Wendell Hill-Freeman (D), Yolanda Pulley (D), Joseph Scott (D), Keith Scott (D), Thiru Vignarajah (D), Bob Wallace (D) and Yasaun Young (D) also ran in the primary. Scott, Dixon, and Wallace led in fundraising and local media attention.
Local political observers said crime was a central issue for both the Scott and Dixon campaigns.
According to the Baltimore Sun, Dixon was likely to focus her campaign on a similar section of the electorate as in 2020, which it described as "Black voters, many of whom named crime as their top concern."[1] Dixon said her policies as mayor "led to 30-year record lows in crime and homicides."[2] Scott's challenge was "more complicated that [sic] lowering the homicide rate. The battle is also over the public perception of crime among city residents, some of whom find little solace in the city’s diminished homicide count," according to the Baltimore Sun.[1]
Scott was first elected in 2020 and was running on his record: "We have been able to decrease crime by doing it the right way."[1] Scott said he offered "a choice to make about whether we will continue on the sustainable path forward, or if we will go back to the broken ways and failed leadership of the past."[3]
Dixon was a former mayor and city council member who resigned in 2010 as part of a plea deal following a corruption investigation.[4] Dixon said she was running because Scott was mismanaging the city: "I look at city government today, and I don't recognize it anymore. I see firsthand that it's letting people down daily."[5] In 2020, Scott defeated Dixon 29.6%–27.5% in the Democratic primary.
Wallace was, at the time of the election, a businessman and author of books on wealth creation and entrepreneurship.[6] Wallace said he was running because "today's Baltimore presents challenges for our Black sons and daughters."[7] Wallace said he would create the position of city manager/chief ethics officer, pursue partnerships with businesses to attract $1 billion of investment, and overhaul the city's schools.[8] In 2020, Wallace ran for mayor as an independent. Scott defeated him 70.5%–20.2%.
The last Republican mayor of Baltimore was Theodore McKeldin (R) in 1967.[9]
Wendy Bozel (D), Kevin P. Harris (D), and Wendell Hill-Freeman (D) completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. To read those survey responses, click here.
This page covers the Democratic primary for mayor of Baltimore. Click here for more on the general election.
Candidates and election results
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for Mayor of Baltimore
The following candidates ran in the Democratic primary for Mayor of Baltimore on May 14, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Brandon Scott | 52.8 | 48,806 |
![]() | Sheila Dixon | 38.9 | 35,947 | |
![]() | Thiru Vignarajah (Unofficially withdrew) | 3.7 | 3,379 | |
![]() | Bob Wallace | 3.1 | 2,823 | |
![]() | Wendy Bozel ![]() | 0.4 | 338 | |
![]() | Kevin P. Harris ![]() | 0.3 | 248 | |
![]() | Yolanda Pulley | 0.3 | 238 | |
![]() | Wayne Baker | 0.2 | 210 | |
Joseph Scott | 0.1 | 115 | ||
![]() | Keith Scott | 0.1 | 108 | |
![]() | Wendell Hill-Freeman ![]() | 0.1 | 98 | |
![]() | Yasaun Young (Unofficially withdrew) | 0.1 | 92 | |
![]() | Texas Brown | 0.1 | 60 |
Total votes: 92,462 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Voting information
- See also: Voting in Maryland
Candidate comparison
Candidate profiles
This section includes candidate profiles that may be created in one of two ways: either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey, or Ballotpedia staff may compile a profile based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements after identifying the candidate as noteworthy. For more on how we select candidates to include, click here.
Party: Democratic Party
Incumbent: Yes
Political Office:
- Mayor of Baltimore (Assumed office: 2020)
- Baltimore City Council (2011-2020)
Biography: Scott graduated from St. Mary's College of Maryland with a bachelor's degree in political science in 2006. After working with Big Brothers & Big Sisters of Central Maryland, Scott joined the staff of Baltimore City Council President Stephanie Rawlings-Blake (D) in 2007. He continued working as a municipal staffer until entering elected politics.
Show sources
Sources: Brandon Scott campaign website, "Home page," accessed February 29, 2024, Brandon Scott campaign website, "Results," accessed February 29, 2024, WBAL-TV, "Baltimore Mayor Brandon Scott seeks reelection in 2024," November 19, 2023; Maryland Manual On-Line, "Brandon M. Scott, Mayor (Democrat)," accessed February 29, 2024
This information was current as of the candidate's run for Mayor of Baltimore in 2024.
Party: Democratic Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Submitted Biography: "I was a Director for the Muscular Dystrophy Association and Cerebral Palsy before switching careers to help children by becoming a Baltimore City Public School Teacher. I have devoted the last several years developing a plan to move Baltimore forward and eliminate the empty promises made by leaders in this great city. I am Single Mom so proud of my three daughters: Ida Bernstein Lead Physicist at Northrop Grumman Quantum Computing, Alex Bozel Head Nurse Surgical ICU Shock Trauma Katrina Bozel recently graduated from the University of MD Smith Business School. I wrote and was awarded an $80,000 Safety Grant from the State of Maryland to make my neighborhood safe, after last year there was a 300% increase in crime. She is the President of Upper Fells Point and leads events to better the community like trash cleanups, beautification, and celebrations of Baltimore’s rich history. I took on a leadership role in the fight against BGE’s installation of unsafe external gas regulators. I was forced to have the regulator put on her house or have her heat turned off. After that, I joined other community organization across the city and stopped further installations. In my spare time I volunteer for multiple organizations including Helping Up Mission that supports Women and their Children who need help in Baltimore. I received my AA Degree from Baltimore City Community College, BS Towson State University and my Masters Degree Coppin State University."
This information was current as of the candidate's run for Mayor of Baltimore in 2024.
Party: Democratic Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office:
- Mayor of Baltimore (2007-2010)
- Baltimore City Council (1987-2007)
Biography: Dixon obtained a bachelor's degree in early childhood education from Towson University in 1976 and a master's degree in educational management from Johns Hopkins University in 1985. Before entering elected politics, Dixon worked as an elementary school teacher and as an adult education instructor for the city's Head Start program. As of the 2024 election, Dixon worked with the Maryland Minority Contractors Association.
Show sources
Sources: Sheila Dixon campaign website, "Home page," accessed February 29, 2024, Associated Press, "Convicted of embezzlement, former Baltimore Mayor Sheila Dixon is running again," September 7, 2023, WBAL-TV, "Sheila Dixon announces candidacy for Baltimore mayor again," September 7, 2023; Maryland Manual On-Line, "Sheila Dixon," accessed February 29, 2024, Sheila Dixon campaign website, "Home page," accessed February 29, 2024
This information was current as of the candidate's run for Mayor of Baltimore in 2024.
Party: Democratic Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Submitted Biography: "Kevin Harris has lived in Maryland for 40 years, and he and Katrina, his wife of 14 years, live in Baltimore with their one-year-old daughter, Leilani, and 8-year-old dog Tary. As a former city employee of two different agencies in Baltimore City who worked as a liaison between the city and its constituents, he has keen insight into the wants and needs of the city’s people. He is also keenly aware of how difficult and inefficient it is for everyday citizens to navigate Baltimore City’s government agencies. He is dedicated to bringing new leadership to the city and cutting through bureaucracy wherever it hinders actions that benefit Baltimore City and its people. He graduated from the University of Maryland Baltimore County with a degree in Psychology and continued his studies and training in substance abuse counseling. He is pursuing a degree in Hawaiian studies from the University of Hawai’i to explore his family heritage."
This information was current as of the candidate's run for Mayor of Baltimore in 2024.
Party: Democratic Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Submitted Biography: "My name is Wendell Hill Freeman born and raised in Baltimore City. God Fearing Man, High School Graduate 2012, Small Business Owner of ABM Marketing Group in Baltimore City, Father of two Kids Tristan (7) and Zaniya Hill- Freeman (1)"
This information was current as of the candidate's run for Mayor of Baltimore in 2024.
Party: Democratic Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Biography: Wallace obtained a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering and applied mechanics from the University of Pennsylvania and a master's degree in business administration from Dartmouth College. Wallace worked for more than 40 years in the private sector with experience in engineering, energy, and IT, including founding three companies. Wallace is a published author.
Show sources
This information was current as of the candidate's run for Mayor of Baltimore in 2024.
Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses
Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. The section below shows responses from candidates in this race who completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.
Survey responses from candidates in this race
Click on a candidate's name to visit their Ballotpedia page.
Note: Ballotpedia reserves the right to edit Candidate Connection survey responses. Any edits made by Ballotpedia will be clearly marked with [brackets] for the public. If the candidate disagrees with an edit, he or she may request the full removal of the survey response from Ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia does not edit or correct typographical errors unless the candidate's campaign requests it.
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Wendy Bozel (D)
Currently 58% of students in Baltimore City Schools are chronically absent and Baltimore’s youth are being shot at highest rate in a decade. Over 20 young people have been killed and 122 were shot in 2023.
FOLLOW THE MONEY 1.7 Billion Dollar Budget is given to principals to budget down to payroll. Give them their jobs back instead of budgeting – allow them to increase attendance by meeting students and parents, supporting teachers and working with the community
Increase Internship Programs/Trade Schools
ENFORCE the State of Maryland’s Attendance Laws
Restart Athletic Leagues . Youth crime was the lowest/highest enrollment in the Police Academy.
Improve transportation
Let’s Improve the Quality of Life of People Who Live in Baltimore. The BRESCO trash incinerator burns Baltimore City and Baltimore County’s trash in South Baltimore, emitting significant greenhouse gasses and health-harming local air pollution. Causing asthma rates twice the national average.
As Mayor I will not Renew BRESCO contract and will work toward zero waste. I will start Composting and providing Compost Carts. Currently, Baltimoreans can dump their own food scraps at a small number of designated drop-off sites around the city. I will expand that to start educating our city so we can be ready to receive the EPA award of 4 million for Baltimore composting. Ground breaking could start in 2025 on Bowley’s Lane.
I am committed to making Baltimore a safer place to live, work, and play. I will support Problem Oriented Policing by investing in programs that address root causes of crime, and build a strong and trusting relationship between law enforcement and the community.

Kevin P. Harris (D)
The eviction rate in Baltimore is twice as high as the national average and the Eviction Prevention Program is not doing enough. I’m well aware of how backed up and understaffed these programs are. I plan to create communities that provide safe housing, healthcare, job placement, and education opportunities in a safe and comfortable place that allows individuals facing homelessness to integrate back into society successfully. Studies have shown that providing housing and income to the houseless WORKS. The people of Baltimore deserve better.
I plan to perform a review of each city agency and mayor’s office to consolidate them and streamline the processes required for constituents to access the help they need. I plan to bring the wages of all city employees up to par with the cost of living. It is unjust that the people who work FOR the city don’t earn enough to live IN the city. This commitment to fair and generous compensation and benefits for our staff will help build an energized, dedicated workforce that prioritizes communication, efficiency, and a commitment to improving our city for everyone.
My second priority will be to end the poverty in the city of Baltimore. Poverty brings Crime once we end the poverty crisis and invest into our people Crime Will go down, Our City Economy will drive because we are investing into the people who make our city function we have the power and the people to build our city the way we want it to be but in order for us to move forward we have to end poverty and give people the opportunities we deserve as American citizens. Giving our young people opportunities to be apart of the development in our city while giving them the training. Giving our residents affordable housing and lower taxes on their homes. Getting incarcerated individuals before they get released job training and skill training.
My Third Priority is ending the corruption in our city Government And Police Department. In order for us to do that we must do a clean sweep of every department get rid of the crooks who benefit of the decline of our city and replace them with people who are passionate about being servants to our residents. Also as mayor in my first 90 days we will be doing a audit of the city’s spending over the past 50 years and anybody that has been part of any corruption will be held accountable I don’t care if it was before I was alive I don’t negotiate with criminals.

Wendy Bozel (D)
Reestablish “Dollar Homes” to tackle the vacant homes crisis and allow Baltimore residents to build generational wealth. Start the path to home ownership for people on rental assistance. Use the funds that support “landlords” to support home owners. Greening Communities! Studies have shown designed and maintained green space can reduce violent crime & gun violence. Build and support existing community action groups.
Increase Green Spaces – use abandoned buildings or houses to create areas for trees, benches, grass or playgrounds.
Kevin P. Harris (D)

Kevin P. Harris (D)
For local politics Mayor Schaefer, was such a beloved mayor that people are still wishing for a return to his administration decades after his death

Wendy Bozel (D)

Kevin P. Harris (D)

Wendy Bozel (D)

Kevin P. Harris (D)

Wendy Bozel (D)

Kevin P. Harris (D)

Wendy Bozel (D)

Kevin P. Harris (D)

Kevin P. Harris (D)

Kevin P. Harris (D)

Wendy Bozel (D)

Kevin P. Harris (D)

Wendy Bozel (D)

Wendy Bozel (D)

Kevin P. Harris (D)

Wendy Bozel (D)

Kevin P. Harris (D)

Wendy Bozel (D)

Kevin P. Harris (D)

Wendy Bozel (D)

Kevin P. Harris (D)

Wendy Bozel (D)

Wendy Bozel (D)

Kevin P. Harris (D)

Wendy Bozel (D)

Kevin P. Harris (D)
Campaign advertisements
This section includes a selection of up to three campaign advertisements per candidate released in this race, as well as links to candidates' YouTube, Vimeo, and/or Facebook video pages. If you are aware of other links that should be included, please email us.
Brandon Scott
Ballotpedia did not come across any campaign ads for Brandon Scott while conducting research on this election. If you are aware of any ads that should be included, please email us.
Sheila Dixon
Ballotpedia did not come across any campaign ads for Sheila Dixon while conducting research on this election. If you are aware of any ads that should be included, please email us.
Bob Wallace
Satellite ads
This section includes a selection of campaign advertisements released by satellite groups. If you are aware of other satellite ads that should be included, please email us.
Better Baltimore PAC
Better Baltimore PAC, a group that supported Dixon, ran an ad criticizing Scott.[10]
If you watch local TV, you'll likely see this ad in the next week
💰 It's paid for by a super PAC for Sheila Dixon, funded largely by David Smith of Sinclair and John Luetkemeyer, Jr. pic.twitter.com/HhGbZW7oAm— emily sullivan (@emilyasullivan) March 7, 2024
Endorsements
Click the links below to see official endorsement lists published on candidate campaign websites for any candidates that make that information available. If you are aware of a website that should be included, please email us.
Election competitiveness
Polls
- See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls
We provide results for polls that are included in polling aggregation from FiveThirtyEight and RealClearPolitics, when available. No polls were available for this election. To notify us of polls published in this election, please email us.
Election spending
Campaign finance
Candidates in this election submitted campaign finance reports to the Maryland State Board of Elections. Click here to access those reports.
Satellite spending
- See also: Satellite spending
Satellite spending describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.[11][12][13]
If available, this section includes links to online resources tracking satellite spending in this election. To notify us of a resource to add, email us.
Spending news
- Better Baltimore PAC spent $161,000 on an ad buy opposing Scott.[10]
Election context
Ballot access requirements
The table below details filing requirements for mayoral candidates in Baltimore in the 2024 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Maryland, click here.
Filing requirements for Baltimore mayoral candidates, 2024 | ||||||
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Signatures required | Filing fee | Filing deadline | Source | |||
N/A | $150.00 | 2/9/2024 | Source |
Baltimore mayoral election history
2020
General election
General election for Mayor of Baltimore
Brandon Scott defeated Bob Wallace, Shannon Wright, and David Harding in the general election for Mayor of Baltimore on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Brandon Scott (D) | 70.5 | 164,661 |
![]() | Bob Wallace (Independent) | 20.2 | 47,275 | |
![]() | Shannon Wright (R) | 7.1 | 16,664 | |
![]() | David Harding (Working Class Party) | 1.7 | 3,973 | |
Other/Write-in votes | 0.4 | 1,006 |
Total votes: 233,579 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Kahan Singh Dhillon Jr. (Unaffiliated)
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for Mayor of Baltimore
The following candidates ran in the Democratic primary for Mayor of Baltimore on June 2, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Brandon Scott | 29.6 | 43,927 |
![]() | Sheila Dixon | 27.5 | 40,782 | |
Mary Miller | 15.6 | 23,193 | ||
![]() | Thiru Vignarajah | 11.5 | 17,080 | |
![]() | Jack Young | 6.2 | 9,256 | |
T.J. Smith | 5.8 | 8,593 | ||
Carlmichael Stokey Cannady | 1.7 | 2,473 | ||
![]() | Mary Washington (Unofficially withdrew) | 0.7 | 1,028 | |
![]() | Valerie Cunningham | 0.2 | 339 | |
![]() | Keith Scott | 0.2 | 303 | |
![]() | Yasaun Young | 0.1 | 188 | |
Ralph Johnson Jr. | 0.1 | 177 | ||
![]() | Yolanda Pulley | 0.1 | 152 | |
Lou Catelli | 0.1 | 151 | ||
Dante Swinton | 0.1 | 143 | ||
Michael Douglas Jenson | 0.1 | 131 | ||
Brian Salsberry | 0.1 | 129 | ||
Rikki Vaughn | 0.1 | 116 | ||
Liri Fusha | 0.0 | 57 | ||
Terry Jay McCready | 0.0 | 46 | ||
Sean Bernard Gresh | 0.0 | 45 | ||
James Jones | 0.0 | 33 | ||
![]() | Erik Powery ![]() | 0.0 | 32 | |
Frederick D. Ware-Newsome | 0.0 | 31 |
Total votes: 148,405 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Republican primary election
Republican primary for Mayor of Baltimore
The following candidates ran in the Republican primary for Mayor of Baltimore on June 2, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Shannon Wright | 29.1 | 1,630 |
Catalina Byrd | 19.0 | 1,068 | ||
William Herd | 13.5 | 757 | ||
David Anthony Wiggins | 13.0 | 729 | ||
Ivan Gonzalez | 12.0 | 671 | ||
![]() | Zulieka Baysmore ![]() | 11.4 | 641 | |
Collins Otonna | 2.0 | 112 |
Total votes: 5,608 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
2016
Baltimore Mayoral Election (2016), General Election, 2016 | ||||
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Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Democratic | ![]() |
57.61% | 134,848 | |
Democratic | Sheila Dixon (write-in) | 22.10% | 51,716 | |
Republican | Alan Walden | 9.96% | 23,316 | |
Green | Joshua Harris | 9.89% | 23,155 | |
Unaffiliated | LaVern Murray (write-in) | 0.02% | 46 | |
Independent | Frank Logan (write-in) | 0.01% | 33 | |
Unaffiliated | Sarah Klauda (write-in) | 0.01% | 25 | |
Democratic | Mack Clifton (write-in) | 0.01% | 23 | |
Republican | Steven Smith (write-in) | 0.00% | 8 | |
Write-in votes | 0.38% | 885 | ||
Total Votes | 234,055 | |||
Source: State of Maryland Board of Elections, "Official 2016 Presidential General Election results for Baltimore City," accessed September 9, 2019 |
2011
Incumbent Stephanie Rawlings-Blake (D) defeated Alfred Griffin (R) in the general election for mayor of Baltimore on November 8, 2011.
Mayor of Baltimore, 2011 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Democratic | ![]() |
86.8% | 40,125 | |
Republican | Alfred Griffin | 13.2% | 6,108 | |
Total Votes | 46,233 | |||
Election results via Archive.org, "Baltimore City Statement of Votes Cast: November 8, 2011, published November 22, 2011," archived November 27, 2014 |
Incumbent Stephanie Rawlings-Blake (D) defeated five challengers in the Democratic primary for mayor of Baltimore on September 13, 2011.
Mayor of Baltimore, 2011 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Democratic | ![]() |
52.1% | 38,829 | |
Democratic | Catherine Pugh | 25.2% | 18,797 | |
Democratic | Otis Rolley | 12.6% | 9,415 | |
Democratic | Joseph Landers | 6.8% | 5,089 | |
Democratic | Frank Conaway Sr. | 2.8% | 2,095 | |
Democratic | Wilton Wilson | 0.3% | 235 | |
Total Votes | 74,460 | |||
Election results via Archive.org, "Baltimore City Statement of Votes Cast: September 13, 2011, published September 28, 2011," accessed February 29, 2024</ref> |
2024 battleground elections
- See also: Battlegrounds
This was a battleground election. Other 2024 battleground elections included:
- California's 30th Congressional District election, 2024 (March 5 top-two primary)
- Cook County State's Attorney election, 2024 (March 19 Democratic primary)
- United States Senate election in Ohio, 2024 (March 19 Republican primary)
See also
Baltimore, Maryland | Maryland | Municipal government | Other local coverage |
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External links
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 The Baltimore Sun, "Only Baltimore Mayor Brandon Scott is running again for sure. What if Sheila Dixon turns 2024 into a head-on contest?" August 28, 2023 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "BSunAug28" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Sheila Dixon campaign website, "Home page," accessed March 7, 2024
- ↑ WBAL-TV, "Baltimore Mayor Brandon Scott seeks reelection in 2024," November 19, 2023
- ↑ NBC News, "Baltimore mayor resigns under plea deal," January 7, 2010
- ↑ WBAL-TV, "Sheila Dixon announces candidacy for Baltimore mayor again," September 7, 2023
- ↑ Bob Wallace campaign website, "Meet Bob," accessed March 7, 2024
- ↑ Vimeo, "Bob Wallace Campaign Ad," September 22, 2020
- ↑ Bob Wallace campaign website, "Home page," accessed March 7, 2024
- ↑ The Baltimore Sun, "Baltimore hasn't elected a Republican mayor since the 1960s. Meet the people trying to change that." August 27, 2019
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 The Baltimore Banner, "Pro-Dixon super PAC fueled by David Smith starts targeting Scott in mayor’s race," March 7, 2024
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed December 12, 2021
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed December 12, 2021
- ↑ National Review.com, "Why the Media Hate Super PACs," December 12, 2021
- ↑ State of Maryland Board of Elections, "Official 2016 Presidential General Election results for Baltimore City," accessed September 9, 2019
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