Help us improve in just 2 minutes—share your thoughts in our reader survey.
Michigan's 8th Congressional District

Michigan's 8th Congressional District in the United States House of Representatives is represented by Kristen McDonald Rivet (D).
As of the 2020 Census, Michigan representatives represented an average of 775,726 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 707,973 residents.
Elections
2024
See also: Michigan's 8th Congressional District election, 2024
Michigan's 8th Congressional District election, 2024 (August 6 Democratic primary)
Michigan's 8th Congressional District election, 2024 (August 6 Republican primary)
General election
General election for U.S. House Michigan District 8
The following candidates ran in the general election for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on November 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Kristen McDonald Rivet (D) | 51.3 | 217,490 |
![]() | Paul Junge (R) | 44.6 | 189,317 | |
![]() | Kathy Goodwin (Working Class Party) | 2.0 | 8,492 | |
![]() | Steve Barcelo (L) | 1.1 | 4,768 | |
James Little (U.S. Taxpayers Party) ![]() | 0.6 | 2,681 | ||
![]() | Jim Casha (G) | 0.4 | 1,602 |
Total votes: 424,350 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8
Kristen McDonald Rivet defeated Matt Collier and Pamela Pugh in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on August 6, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Kristen McDonald Rivet | 53.3 | 43,393 |
![]() | Matt Collier | 26.4 | 21,482 | |
![]() | Pamela Pugh ![]() | 20.3 | 16,525 |
Total votes: 81,400 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Dan Kildee (D)
- Daniel Moilanen (D)
- Sheldon Neeley (D)
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8
Paul Junge defeated Mary Draves and Anthony Hudson in the Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on August 6, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Paul Junge | 74.8 | 43,204 |
![]() | Mary Draves | 15.0 | 8,688 | |
![]() | Anthony Hudson ![]() | 10.1 | 5,851 |
Total votes: 57,743 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Nikki Snyder (R)
- Martin Blank (R)
Green convention
Green convention for U.S. House Michigan District 8
Jim Casha advanced from the Green convention for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on July 27, 2024.
Candidate | ||
✔ | ![]() | Jim Casha (G) |
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Libertarian convention
Libertarian convention for U.S. House Michigan District 8
Steve Barcelo advanced from the Libertarian convention for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on July 20, 2024.
Candidate | ||
✔ | ![]() | Steve Barcelo (L) |
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
U.S. Taxpayers Party convention
U.S. Taxpayers Party convention for U.S. House Michigan District 8
James Little advanced from the U.S. Taxpayers Party convention for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on July 27, 2024.
Candidate | ||
✔ | James Little (U.S. Taxpayers Party) ![]() |
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Working Class Party convention
Working Class Party convention for U.S. House Michigan District 8
Kathy Goodwin advanced from the Working Class Party convention for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on June 23, 2024.
Candidate | ||
✔ | ![]() | Kathy Goodwin (Working Class Party) |
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
2022
General election
General election for U.S. House Michigan District 8
Incumbent Dan Kildee defeated Paul Junge, Kathy Goodwin, and David Canny in the general election for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on November 8, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Dan Kildee (D) | 53.1 | 178,322 |
![]() | Paul Junge (R) | 42.8 | 143,850 | |
![]() | Kathy Goodwin (Working Class Party) | 2.7 | 9,077 | |
![]() | David Canny (L) ![]() | 1.4 | 4,580 |
Total votes: 335,829 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8
Incumbent Dan Kildee advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on August 2, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Dan Kildee | 100.0 | 70,791 |
Total votes: 70,791 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8
Paul Junge defeated Matthew Seely and Candice Miller in the Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on August 2, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Paul Junge | 53.7 | 42,363 |
![]() | Matthew Seely ![]() | 23.6 | 18,658 | |
![]() | Candice Miller | 22.7 | 17,879 |
Total votes: 78,900 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Mike Detmer (R)
- Cherie Lott (R)
Libertarian convention
Libertarian convention for U.S. House Michigan District 8
David Canny advanced from the Libertarian convention for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on July 10, 2022.
Candidate | ||
✔ | ![]() | David Canny (L) ![]() |
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Working Class Party convention
Working Class Party convention for U.S. House Michigan District 8
Kathy Goodwin advanced from the Working Class Party convention for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on June 26, 2022.
Candidate | ||
✔ | ![]() | Kathy Goodwin (Working Class Party) |
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
2020
General election
General election for U.S. House Michigan District 8
Incumbent Elissa Slotkin defeated Paul Junge and Joe Hartman in the general election for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Elissa Slotkin (D) ![]() | 50.9 | 217,922 |
![]() | Paul Junge (R) ![]() | 47.3 | 202,525 | |
![]() | Joe Hartman (L) ![]() | 1.8 | 7,897 |
Total votes: 428,344 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8
Incumbent Elissa Slotkin advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on August 4, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Elissa Slotkin ![]() | 100.0 | 90,570 |
Total votes: 90,570 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8
Paul Junge defeated Mike Detmer, Kristina Lyke, and Alan Hoover in the Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on August 4, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Paul Junge ![]() | 35.1 | 30,525 |
![]() | Mike Detmer | 28.6 | 24,863 | |
![]() | Kristina Lyke ![]() | 25.4 | 22,093 | |
![]() | Alan Hoover ![]() | 10.9 | 9,461 |
Total votes: 86,942 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Nikki Snyder (R)
Libertarian convention
Libertarian convention for U.S. House Michigan District 8
Joe Hartman advanced from the Libertarian convention for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on July 18, 2020.
Candidate | ||
✔ | ![]() | Joe Hartman (L) ![]() |
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
2018
General election
General election for U.S. House Michigan District 8
Elissa Slotkin defeated incumbent Mike Bishop, Brian Ellison, and David Jay Lillis in the general election for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Elissa Slotkin (D) | 50.6 | 172,880 |
![]() | Mike Bishop (R) ![]() | 46.8 | 159,782 | |
Brian Ellison (L) | 1.8 | 6,302 | ||
David Jay Lillis (U.S. Taxpayers Party) | 0.8 | 2,629 |
Total votes: 341,593 (100.00% precincts reporting) | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8
Elissa Slotkin defeated Chris Smith in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on August 7, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Elissa Slotkin | 70.7 | 57,819 |
![]() | Chris Smith | 29.3 | 23,996 |
Total votes: 81,815 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8
Incumbent Mike Bishop defeated Lokesh Kumar in the Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on August 7, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Mike Bishop ![]() | 92.3 | 75,403 |
![]() | Lokesh Kumar | 7.7 | 6,254 |
Total votes: 81,657 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Libertarian primary election
Libertarian primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8
Brian Ellison advanced from the Libertarian primary for U.S. House Michigan District 8 on August 7, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Brian Ellison | 100.0 | 522 |
Total votes: 522 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
2016
Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Mike Bishop (R) defeated Suzanna Shkreli (D), Jeff Wood (L), Maria Green (G), and Jeremy Burgess (Natural Law) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Bishop faced no opposition in the Republican primary. Melissa Gilbert (D) withdrew from the race prior to the primary, but still appeared on the primary ballot. She was replaced by Shkreli on the general election ballot.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | ![]() |
56% | 205,629 | |
Democratic | Suzanna Shkreli | 39.2% | 143,791 | |
Libertarian | Jeff Wood | 2.6% | 9,619 | |
Green | Maria Green | 1.5% | 5,679 | |
Natural Law | Jeremy Burgess | 0.6% | 2,250 | |
Total Votes | 366,968 | |||
Source: Michigan Secretary of State |
2014
The 8th Congressional District of Michigan held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014.
Incumbent Mike Bishop (R) defeated challengers Eric Schertzing (D), James Weeks (L), Jim Casha (G) and Jeremy Burgess (I) in the general election.
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | ![]() |
54.6% | 132,739 | |
Democratic | Eric Schertzing | 42.1% | 102,269 | |
Libertarian | James Weeks II | 1.9% | 4,557 | |
Green | Jim Casha | 0.8% | 1,880 | |
Natural Law | Jeremy Burgess | 0.7% | 1,680 | |
Total Votes | 243,125 | |||
Source: Michigan Secretary of State Vote totals above are unofficial and will be updated once official totals are made available. |
General election candidates
August 5, 2014, primary results
2012
The 8th Congressional District of Michigan held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 6, 2012. Incumbent Mike Rogers won re-election in the district.[7]
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Lance Enderle | 37.3% | 128,657 | |
Republican | ![]() |
58.6% | 202,217 | |
Libertarian | Daniel Goebel | 2.3% | 8,083 | |
Independent | Preston Brooks | 1.8% | 6,097 | |
Total Votes | 345,054 | |||
Source: Michigan Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election" |
Primary results
Republican Primary
Candidate | Vote % | Votes |
---|---|---|
![]() |
85.6% | 56,060 |
Vernon Molnar | 5% | 3,296 |
Brian Hetrick | 9.3% | 6,098 |
Total Votes | 65,454 |
2010
On November 2, 2010, Mike Rogers won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Lance Enderle (D), Bhagwan Dashairya (L), Katherine Houston (Write-in) and Eric Harvey (Write-in) in the general election.[8]
2008
On November 4, 2008, Mike Rogers won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Robert Alexander (D), Will Tyler White (G), Aaron Stuttman (L) and George Zimmer (U.S. Taxpayers) in the general election.[9]
2006
On November 7, 2006, Mike Rogers won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Jim Marcinkowski (D), Dick Gach (L) and Aaron Stuttman (G) in the general election.[10]
2004
On November 2, 2004, Mike Rogers won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Robert Alexander (D), Will Tyler White (L) and John Mangopoulos (U.S. Taxpayers) in the general election.[11]
2002
On November 5, 2002, Mike Rogers won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Frank McAlpine (D) and Thomas Yeutter (L) in the general election.[12]
2000
On November 7, 2000, Mike Rogers won election to the United States House. He defeated Dianne Byrum (D), Bonnie Bucqueroux (G), James Parry Eyster (L), Patricia Rayfirled Allen (Natural Law) and Francisco Gualdoni (U.S. Taxpayers) in the general election.[13]
1998
On November 3, 1998, Debbie Stabenow won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Susan Grimes Munsell (R), John Mangopoulos (Reform), Ben Steele, III (L) and Patricia Allen (Natural Law) in the general election.[14]
1996
On November 5, 1996, Debbie Stabenow won election to the United States House. She defeated Dick Chrysler (R), Doug MacDonald (L) and Patricia Rayfield Allen (Natural Law) in the general election.[15]
1994
On November 8, 1994, Dick Chrysler won election to the United States House. He defeated Bob Mitchell (D), Gerald Ralph Turcotte, Jr. (L) and Susan Elene McPeak (Natural Law) in the general election.[16]
1992
On November 3, 1992, Bob Carr won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Dick Chrysler (R), Frank McAlpine (NPA) and Michael Marotta (L) in the general election.[17]
1990
On November 6, 1990, Bob Traxler won re-election to the United States House. He defeated James White (R) in the general election.[18]
District map
Redistricting
2020-2021
Michigan’s congressional district boundaries became law on March 26, 2022, 60 days after the Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission (MICRC) published its report on the redistricting plans with the secretary of state.[19][20] On December 28, 2021, the Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission (MICRC) approved what was named the "Chestnut" map by a vote of 8-5. Two Democrats, two Republicans, and four nonpartisan members voted to approve the plan with the five remaining commissioners in favor of other plans. As required, "at least two commissioners who affiliate with each major party, and at least two commissioners who do not affiliate with either major party" voted in favor of the adopted map.[21]
The MICRC was established after voters approved a 2018 constitutional amendment that transferred the power to draw the state's congressional and legislative districts from the state legislature to a redistricting commission. Under the terms of the amendment, "Within 30 days after adopting a plan, the commission shall publish the plan and the material reports, reference materials, and data used in drawing it, including any programming information used to produce and test the plan." The adopted plan becomes law 60 days after the MICRC publishes that report.[21]
Beth LeBlanc of The Detroit News wrote that, “Unlike other congressional maps the commission had to choose from, Chestnut was set apart by its inclusion of Grand Rapids and Muskegon in the same district, its grouping of Battle Creek and Kalamazoo and its ability to keep Jackson County whole, instead of breaking off part of the county into an Ann Arbor area district.”[22] According to Clara Hendrickson and Todd Spangler of the Detroit Free Press, "According to three measures of partisan fairness based on statewide election data from the past decade, the map favors Republicans. But those measures also show a significant reduction in the Republican bias compared to the map drawn a decade ago by a Republican legislature, deemed one of the most politically biased maps in the country. One of the partisan fairness measures used by the commission indicates Democratic candidates would have an advantage under the new map."[23] This map took effect for Michigan’s 2022 congressional elections.
How does redistricting in Michigan work? In Michigan, a non-politician commission is responsible for drawing both congressional and state legislative district plans. The commission comprises 13 members, including four Democrats, four Republicans, and five unaffiliated voters or members of minor parties. In order for a map to be enacted, at least seven members must vote for it, including at least two Democrats, two Republicans, and two members not affiliated with either major party.[24]
The Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission prepared this document specifically explaining the redistricting process after the 2020 census.
Michigan District 8
until January 2, 2023
Click a district to compare boundaries.
Michigan District 8
starting January 3, 2023
Click a district to compare boundaries.
2010-2011
In 2011, the Michigan State Legislature re-drew the congressional districts based on updated population information from the 2010 census.
District analysis
- See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
- See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores
2026
Heading into the 2026 elections, based on results from the 2024 and 2020 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district is R+1. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 1 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Michigan's 8th the 219th most Republican district nationally.[25]
2024
Heading into the 2024 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+1. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 1 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Michigan's 8th the 218th most Republican district nationally.[26]
Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Joe Biden (D) would have defeated Donald Trump (R) 50.3%-48.2%.[27]
2022
Heading into the 2022 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+1. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 1 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Michigan's 8th the 218th most Republican district nationally.[28]
Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Joe Biden (D) would have received 50.3% of the vote in this district and Donald Trump (R) would have received 48.2%.[29]
2018
Heading into the 2018 elections, based on results from the 2016 and 2012 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+4. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 4 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Michigan's 8th Congressional District the 201st most Republican nationally.[30]
FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 1.12. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.12 points toward that party.[31]
See also
- Redistricting in Michigan
- Michigan's 8th Congressional District election, 2024
- Michigan's 8th Congressional District election, 2022
- Michigan's 8th Congressional District election, 2020
- Michigan's 8th Congressional District election, 2018
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Michigan Secretary of State, "2016 Michigan Candidate Listing," accessed April 20, 2016
- ↑ Michigan Radio, "Assistant Macomb prosecutor Suzanna Shkreli seeks to replace Melissa Gilbert in 8th Dist. House race," July 6, 2016
- ↑ Politico, "Michigan House Primaries Results," August 2, 2016
- ↑ The Detroit News, "State board lets Dems select new Rep. Bishop challenger," August 22, 2016
- ↑ Michigan Secretary of State, "2016 Michigan Candidate Listing," accessed September 6, 2016
- ↑ CNN, "Election Results," accessed November 8, 2016
- ↑ Politico, "2012 Election Map, Michigan," accessed November 3, 2012
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2000," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 1996," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1994," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1992," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1990," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedmarch26
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedMICRCemail
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedMIConst
- ↑ The Detroit News, "Michigan redistricting panel wraps adoption of state House, Senate, congressional maps" December 28, 2021
- ↑ Detroit Free Press, "Michigan's redistricting commission adopts final congressional map for the next decade" December 28, 2021
- ↑ Michigan Radio, "Redistricting proposal passes in Michigan," November 6, 2018
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "2025 Cook PVI℠: District Map and List (119th Congress)," accessed July 1, 2025
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed January 10, 2024
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2020 presidential results by congressional district, for new and old districts," accessed September 15, 2022
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed February 6, 2023
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2020 presidential results by congressional district, for new and old districts," accessed September 15, 2022
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
- ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018