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Montana gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2020 (June 2 Democratic primary)

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2024
2016
Governor and Lieutenant Governor of Montana
Ballotpedia Election Coverage Badge.png
Democratic primary
Republican primary
General election
Election details
Filing deadline: March 9, 2020
Primary: June 2, 2020
General: November 3, 2020

Pre-election incumbent(s):
Gov. Steve Bullock (D)
Lt. Gov Mike Cooney (D)
How to vote
Poll times: 7 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Voting in Montana
Race ratings
Cook Political Report: Toss-up
Sabato's Crystal Ball: Lean Republican
Inside Elections: Toss-up
Ballotpedia analysis
Federal and state primary competitiveness
State executive elections in 2020
Impact of term limits in 2020
State government trifectas
State government triplexes
Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2020
Montana
executive elections
Governor

Lieutenant Governor
Secretary of State
Superintendent of Public Instruction
Attorney General
Commissioner of Securities and Insurance, State Auditor
Public Service Commission (3 seats)

Mike Cooney won the Democratic primary for governor of Montana on June 2, 2020, defeating Whitney Williams. Cooney received 55% of the vote to Williams' 45%.[1] He advanced to the general election on November 3, 2020.

At the time of the primary, Cooney was Montana's lieutenant governor. He emphasized his role in incumbent Steve Bullock's (D) administration and said he would "protect all the progress we have made and build upon it."[2] Cooney cited his experience as a state representative, state senator, secretary of state, and lieutenant governor, saying that he "has a proven record of results, knows how to get the job done, and is ready to hit the ground running."[3] Cooney selected state Rep. Casey Schreiner (D-26) as his lieutenant gubernatorial running mate.

Williams emphasized her private sector background and said she would be a new generation of leadership. She was the founder and C.E.O. of williamsworks, a philanthropy consultancy. As C.E.O., Williams said she "worked alongside Fortune 500 companies, charities, and citizens to solve complex problems — just like those Montanans face every day."[4] She said, "If we're going to tackle the new challenges before us ... we need a fresh approach ... More of the same simply won't do."[5] Williams selected Milo "Buzz" Mattelin as her lieutenant gubernatorial running mate.

The general election was competitive. The 2012 and 2016 gubernatorial elections were decided by margins of 1.6 and 3.9 percentage points, respectively. Incumbent Gov. Bullock (D) was term-limited and ineligible to run for re-election. Montana had a Democratic governor since 2005 and , at the time of the election, was one of 14 states with a divided government. Democrats held the governorship and Republicans controlled both the state House of Representatives and state Senate. Montana was also one of 14 states with divided triplex control, with a Democratic governor, a Republican attorney general, and a Republican secretary of state. To learn more about other 2020 Montana elections, click here.

Click on candidate names below to view their key messages:


Cooney

Williams


This page focuses on Montana's Democratic gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial primary. For more in-depth information on Montana's Republican gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial primary and the general election, see the following pages:

Republican Party Montana gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2020 (June 2 Republican primary)
Independent Montana gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2020

Election procedure changes in 2020

See also: Changes to election dates, procedures, and administration in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020

Ballotpedia provided comprehensive coverage of how election dates and procedures changed in 2020. While the majority of changes occurred as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, some changes occurred for other reasons.

Montana modified its primary election process as follows:

  • Voting procedures: Counties were authorized to conduct the primary election entirely by mail.

For a full timeline about election modifications made in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, click here.


Candidates and election results

Governor

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Governor of Montana

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Mike Cooney
Mike Cooney
 
54.9
 
81,527
Image of Whitney Williams
Whitney Williams
 
45.1
 
67,066

Total votes: 148,593
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Lieutenant governor

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Lieutenant Governor of Montana

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Casey Schreiner
Casey Schreiner
 
54.9
 
81,527
Buzz Mattelin
 
45.1
 
67,066

Total votes: 148,593
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Candidate profiles

This section includes candidate profiles created in one of two ways. Either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey or Ballotpedia staff created a profile after identifying the candidate as noteworthy.[6] Ballotpedia staff compiled profiles based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements.

Image of Mike Cooney

FacebookTwitter

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: No

Political Office: 

Biography:  Cooney graduated from the University of Montana with a B.S. in political science in 1979. He worked on the staff of Montana U.S. Senator Max Baucus (D) from 1977-1989. Cooney served as executive director of Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies from 2001-2006 before working at the Montana Department of Labor & Industry from 2006-2015 as a division administrator and deputy commissioner.



Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.


Cooney said one of his priorities was healthcare, and that as lieutenant governor he helped expand access to Medicaid and preserved rural hospitals.


Cooney outlined a coronavirus response plan, the Keep Montana Working Plan, which he said would create jobs, protect businesses, and strengthen Montana’s economy.


Cooney said he had dedicated his career to protecting access to public lands and would continue to do so as governor.


Show sources

This information was current as of the candidate's run for Governor of Montana in 2020.

Image of Whitney Williams

WebsiteFacebookTwitterYouTube

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: No

Political Office: None

Biography:  Williams graduated from the University of Montana with a bachelor's degree in political science, forestry, and Native American studies in 1994. She worked at the Office of the First Lady for Hillary Clinton (D) from 1996-2000. Williams, a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, founded two philanthropy organizations: in 2003, she founded williamsworks, a philanthropy consultancy, and in 2010, she founded Eastern Congo Initiative.



Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.


Williams referred to her campaign as a source of new ideas and perspectives. She discussed her role as the C.E.O. of williamsworks, saying her experience working alongside large companies and charities would help her solve the problems Montanans face. She said, "we need a fresh approach ... more of the same simply won't do."


Williams said she would stand up to wealthy individuals and groups from out-of-state. She said she would "fight back against the constant threat to our public lands from Big Money and special interests," and "finally hold pharmaceutical companies accountable for the price of prescription drugs."


Williams said she "will veto any bill that limits a woman's right to choose" and described Republican gubernatorial candidate Greg Gianforte as posing a threat to women's health.


Williams mentioned her family and their connection to Montana. She referenced her parents, U.S. Rep. Pat Williams (D), Montana's longest-serving Congressman, and Carol Williams (D), the state's first female Senate majority leader.


Show sources

This information was current as of the candidate's run for Governor of Montana in 2020.

Lieutenant gubernatorial candidates

Casey Schreiner

State Rep. Casey Schreiner (D-26) was Cooney's lieutenant gubernatorial running mate. According to Cooney's campaign website:

Casey Schreiner is a former public school teacher born and raised in Great Falls, a lifetime union member, husband of Teresa Schreiner, and the proud father of three young boys. Casey is a champion for working families because he comes from one.[7]
Cooney's 2020 campaign website, "Meet Casey," accessed May 2, 2020

Milo "Buzz" Mattelin

Milo Mattelin (D) was Williams' lieutenant gubernatorial running mate. According to Williams' campaign website:

The third generation in his family to farm along the Missouri River, Mattelin knows firsthand that a changing Montana is hurting Montana’s families ... In addition to farming, Mattelin has spent his career fighting for the working families and farmers who call Montana home.[7]
Williams' 2020 campaign website, "Meet Whitney & Buzz," accessed May 2, 2020


Endorsements

This section lists endorsements issued in this election. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please email us.

Democratic primary endorsements
Endorsement Cooney Williams
Newspapers
The Montana Post[8]
Elected officials
U.S. Sen. Jon Tester (D)[9]
State Rep. Barbara Bessette (D-24)[10]
State Rep. Laurie Bishop (D-60)[10]
State Rep. Jacob Bachmeier (D-28)[11]
Gov. Steve Bullock (D)[12]
State Rep. Mary Ann Dunwell (D-84)[13]
Mayor John Engen, Missoula[14]
State Rep. Moffie Funk (D-82)[15]
State Sen. Margie MacDonald (D-26)[10]
State Rep. Marilyn Ryan (D-99)[16]
State Rep. Katie Sullivan (D-89)[10]
Individuals
Pearl Jam bassist Jeff Ament[17]
Former U.S. Sen. Max Baucus (D)[18]
Former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (D)[19]
Former Montana Supreme Court Justice Pat Cotter[20]
Baucus Group, LLC, co-founder Melodee Hanes[21]
Former Montana State Auditor Mark O'Keefe (D)[22]
Former Gov. Brian Schweitzer (D)[23]
Former Superintendent of Public Instruction Denise Juneau (D)[24]
Montana Director of Natural Resources and Conservation John Tubbs[25]
Former U.S. Rep. Pat Williams (D-Mont.)[26]
Organizations
Central Montana Progressive PAC[27]
EMILY's List[28]
Montana 55+ Action Fund[29]
Montana AFL-CIO[30]
Montana Federation of Public Employees[31]
Montana National Organization for Women[32]
Montana State Council of Professional Fire Fighters[33]
Teamsters Local 190[34]

Timeline

2020

2019

Campaign finance

Satellite spending

See also: Satellite spending

Satellite spending, commonly referred to as outside spending, describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.[47][48][49]

This section lists satellite spending in this race reported by news outlets in alphabetical order. If you are aware of spending that should be included, please email us.

  • EMILY's List spent $687,000 on cable and digital ads supporting Williams, which began to air on May 19.[35]

Campaign advertisements

This section shows advertisements released in this race. Ads released by campaigns and, if applicable, satellite groups are embedded or linked below. If you are aware of advertisements that should be included, please email us.

Mike Cooney

"More Than Ever" - Cooney campaign ad, released May 5, 2020[36]


Whitney Williams

"Built" - Williams campaign ad, released May 5, 2020[37]
"Smith" - Williams campaign ad, released April 29, 2020[40]
"Virus" - Williams campaign ad, released April 24, 2020[42]

Satellite group ads

Debates and forums

May 2 virtual debate

On May 2, 2020, Cooney and Williams participated in a virtual debate hosted by the Montana Broadcasters Association and the Greater Montana Foundation.[38]

Official recording, May 2, 2020, debate - KPAX-TV

Click the links below for summaries of the debate from:

April 30 candidate forum

On April 30, 2020, Cooney and Williams participated in a candidate forum hosted by the Missoula, Flathead, Lake, Lincoln, Mineral, Ravalli, and Sanders County Democrats.[39]

Official recording, April 30, 2020, candidate forum - Montana Democratic Party

April 25 virtual debate

On April 25, 2020, Cooney and Williams participated in a virtual debate over agricultural and rural issues hosted by Montana Farmers Union using the Zoom meeting application.[41]

Click here to view the debate. The Democratic portion begins at the 45 minute mark.

Click the links below for roundups of the debate from:

February 21 debate

On February 21, 2020, Cooney and Williams participated in a debate hosted by the Gallatin County Democrats at the Emerson Arts & Culture in Bozeman.



Click the links below for summaries of the debate from:

February 12 debate

On February 12, 2020, Cooney and Williams participated in a debate hosted by the Yellowstone County Democrats and the MSU-Billings College Democrats at the Montana State University campus in Billings.



Click the links below for summaries of the debate from:

Primaries in Montana

A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. Montana utilizes an open primary system, in which registered voters do not have to be members of a party to vote in that party's primary.[50][51]

For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.

Race ratings

See also: Race rating definitions and methods

Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:

  • Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
  • Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
  • Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[52]
  • Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.

Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[53][54][55]

Race ratings: Montana gubernatorial election, 2020
Race trackerRace ratings
November 3, 2020October 27, 2020October 20, 2020October 13, 2020
The Cook Political ReportToss-upToss-upToss-upToss-up
Inside Elections with Nathan L. GonzalesToss-upToss-upToss-upToss-up
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal BallLean RepublicanToss-upToss-upToss-up
Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every week throughout the election season.

Pivot Counties

See also: Pivot Counties by state

Three of 56 Montana counties—5.4 percent—are Pivot Counties. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.

Counties won by Trump in 2016 and Obama in 2012 and 2008
County Trump margin of victory in 2016 Obama margin of victory in 2012 Obama margin of victory in 2008
Blaine County, Montana 2.46% 15.32% 19.24%
Hill County, Montana 17.18% 3.50% 12.21%
Roosevelt County, Montana 6.49% 15.58% 26.27%

In the 2016 presidential election, Donald Trump (R) won Montana with 56.2 percent of the vote. Hillary Clinton (D) received 35.7 percent. In presidential elections between 1892 and 2016, Montana voted Republican 65.6 percent of the time and Democratic 34.4 percent of the time. In the five presidential elections between 2000 and 2016, Montana voted Republican all five times.[56]

Presidential results by legislative district

The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state House districts in Montana. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[57][58]

In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 34 out of 100 state House districts in Montana with an average margin of victory of 17.6 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 28 out of 100 state House districts in Montana with an average margin of victory of 17.2 points. Clinton won one district controlled by a Republican heading into the 2018 elections.
In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won 66 out of 100 state House districts in Montana with an average margin of victory of 28.2 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 72 out of 100 state House districts in Montana with an average margin of victory of 34.7 points. Trump won 14 districts controlled by Democrats heading into the 2018 elections.


Election history

2016

See also: Montana gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial elections, 2016

General election

Incumbent Steve Bullock & Mike Cooney defeated Greg Gianforte & Lesley Robinson, Ted Dunlap & Ron Vandevender, Casey Filler, and Christopher Zarcone in the Montana governor election.

Montana Governor, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.png Steve Bullock & Mike Cooney Incumbent 50.25% 255,933
     Republican Greg Gianforte & Lesley Robinson 46.36% 236,115
     Libertarian Ted Dunlap & Ron Vandevender 3.40% 17,312
     Independent Casey Filler 0.00% 0
     Independent Christopher Zarcone 0.00% 0
Total Votes 509,360
Source: Montana Secretary of State

Primary elections

Republican primary contest

Republican primary for Montana governor and lieutenant governor, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngGreg Gianforte and Lesley Robinson 76.3% 111,348
Terry Nelson and Niki Sardot 23.7% 34,600
Total Votes 145,948
Election results via Montana Secretary of State 686 of 686 precincts reporting.

Democratic primary contest

Democratic primary for Montana governor and lieutenant governor, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngSteve Bullock and Mike Cooney (incumbents) 91.2% 111,675
Bill McChesney and Mike Anderson 8.8% 10,744
Total Votes 122,419
Election results via Montana Secretary of State 686 of 686 precincts reporting.

Libertarian primary contest

Libertarian primary for Montana governor and lieutenant governor, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngTed Dunlap and Ron Vandevender 100% 0
Total Votes 0
Election results via Montana Secretary of State 686 of 686 precincts reporting.

2012

See also: Montana gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2012

Incumbent Brian Schweitzer (D) was prevented from running for re-election due to term limits. Steve Bullock (D), running on a ticket with John E. Walsh, defeated Rick Hill (R), Ron Vandevender (L), and Bill Coate (I) in the November 6, 2012 general election.

Governor/Lieutenant Governor of Montana General Election, 2012
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngSteve Bullock and John E. Walsh 48.9% 236,450
     Republican Rick Hill and Jon Sonju 47.3% 228,879
     Libertarian Ron Vandevender and Marc Mulcahy 3.8% 18,160
Total Votes 483,489
Election results via Montana Secretary of State


State profile

See also: Montana and Montana elections, 2020
USA Montana location map.svg

Partisan data

The information in this section was current as of April 30, 2020.

Presidential voting pattern

  • Montana voted Republican in all seven presidential elections between 2000 and 2024.

Congressional delegation

State executives

State legislature

Montana Party Control: 1992-2025
No Democratic trifectas  •  Fifteen years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Governor R R R R R R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R
Senate D D D R R R R R R R R R R D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
House D R R R R R R R R R R R R S S R R S S R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R

Montana quick stats

More Montana coverage on Ballotpedia:


Demographic data for Montana
 MontanaU.S.
Total population:1,032,073316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):145,5463,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:89.2%73.6%
Black/African American:0.5%12.6%
Asian:0.7%5.1%
Native American:6.5%0.8%
Pacific Islander:0.1%0.2%
Two or more:2.5%3%
Hispanic/Latino:3.3%17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:92.8%86.7%
College graduation rate:29.5%29.8%
Income
Median household income:$47,169$53,889
Persons below poverty level:17%11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Montana.
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.


See also

Montana State Executive Elections News and Analysis
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Montana State Executive Offices
Montana State Legislature
Montana Courts
2025202420232022202120202019201820172016
Montana elections: 2025202420232022202120202019201820172016
Party control of state government
State government trifectas
State of the state addresses
Partisan composition of governors

External links

Footnotes

  1. 1.0 1.1 [https://electionresults.mt.gov/resultsSW.aspx?type=STATE&map=CTY Montana Secretary of State, "2020 PRIMARY ELECTION - JUNE 2, 2020," accessed June 15, 2020]
  2. Great Falls Tribune, "Bullock endorses Cooney in 2020 governor's race," October 25, 2019
  3. Facebook, "Gallatin Democrats Blue Wave Debate 2020," February 21, 2020
  4. Williams' 2020 campaign website, "Meet Whitney & Buzz," accessed May 2, 2020
  5. Facebook, "Montana Democratic gubernatorial candidates debate at MSU Billings," February 12, 2020
  6. Candidate Connection surveys completed before September 26, 2019, were not used to generate candidate profiles. In battleground primaries, Ballotpedia based its selection of noteworthy candidates on polling, fundraising, and noteworthy endorsements. In battleground general elections, all major party candidates and any other candidates with the potential to impact the outcome of the race were included.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  8. 8.0 8.1 The Montana Post, "Endorsement: Mike Cooney for Governor," May 1, 2020
  9. 9.0 9.1 KTVH, "Tester endorses Cooney in contested Democratic gov primary," January 18, 2020
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 The Missoulian, "Trust Cooney to fight for Montana women," May 19, 2020
  11. 11.0 11.1 Missoula Current, "Voices: Mike Cooney will lead Montana forward as our new governor," April 22, 2020
  12. 12.0 12.1 Great Falls Tribune, "Bullock endorses Cooney in 2020 governor's race," October 25, 2019
  13. 13.0 13.1 Missoulian, "Dunwell endorses Cooney for governor," April 20, 2020
  14. 14.0 14.1 Montana Standard, "Guest view: Missoula's mayor on why Whitney Williams should be Montana's next governor," November 12, 2019
  15. Twitter, "Mike Cooney," April 13, 2020
  16. 16.0 16.1 The Missoulian, "Many reasons to 'like Mike' Cooney for governor," May 14, 2020
  17. 17.0 17.1 Twitter, "Pearl Jam," May 18, 2020
  18. 18.0 18.1 The Missoulian, "Baucus: Cooney will put Montanans first as governor," February 25, 2020
  19. 19.0 19.1 Twitter, "Hillary Clinton," May 5, 2020
  20. 20.0 20.1 Facebook, "Whitney Williams," May 8, 2020
  21. 21.0 21.1 Medium, "Melodee Hanes: Leadership Matters," April 14, 2020
  22. 22.0 22.1 Montana Standard, "Guest view: O'Keefe backs Williams for governor," May 26, 2020
  23. 23.0 23.1 KPAX, "Democratic gubernatorial candidate Williams gets endorsement from former Gov. Schweitzer," February 27, 2020
  24. 24.0 24.1 Twitter, "Whitney Williams on October 28, 2019," accessed January 20, 2020
  25. 25.0 25.1 The Independent Record, "Cooney has no equal in this election," May 11, 2020
  26. 26.0 26.1 Montana Standard, "May 29, 2020
  27. 27.0 27.1 Facebook, "Central Montana Progressive PAC," May 14, 2020
  28. 28.0 28.1 EMILY's List, "EMILY’s List Endorses Whitney Williams for Montana Governor," October 8, 2019
  29. 29.0 29.1 Facebook, "Mike Cooney for Governor," May 12, 2020
  30. 30.0 30.1 Cooney's 2020 campaign website, "Montana AFL-CIO Endorses Mike Cooney for Governor," April 1, 2020
  31. 31.0 31.1 Montana Federation of Public Employees website, "Montana's Largest Union Endorses Mike Cooney for Governor," April 6, 2020
  32. 32.0 32.1 Twitter, "Whitney Williams," April 16, 2020
  33. 33.0 33.1 Facebook, "Mike Cooney for Governor," May 21, 2020
  34. 34.0 34.1 Cooney's 2020 campaign website, "Teamsters Local 190 Endorse Mike Cooney for Governor," February 27, 2020
  35. 35.0 35.1 KTVH, "Outside group drops $687K on ad for Williams in gov race," May 19, 2020
  36. 36.0 36.1 YouTube, "More Than Ever," May 5, 2020
  37. 37.0 37.1 YouTube, "Built," May 5, 2020
  38. 38.0 38.1 YouTube, "Montana Democratic gubernatorial debate," May 2, 2020
  39. 39.0 39.1 YouTube, "Western Montana Democratic Gubernatorial Forum," April 30, 2020
  40. 40.0 40.1 YouTube, "Smith," April 29, 2020
  41. 41.0 41.1 Montana Public Radio, "Montana Gubernatorial Debate Focuses On Agriculture, Rural Issues," April 27, 2020
  42. 42.0 42.1 YouTube, "Virus," April 24, 2020
  43. Great Falls Tribune, "Williams picks Buzz Mattelin as running mate in race for Montana governor," March 2, 2020
  44. Great Falls Tribune, "Cooney taps Schreiner to be his lieutenant governor," February 28, 2020
  45. The Sacramento Bee, "Casey Schreiner ends Montana gubernatorial campaign," February 3, 2020
  46. Bozeman Daily Chronicle, "Livingston Democrat drops out of Montana governor’s race," January 20, 2020
  47. OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed September 22, 2015
  48. OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed September 22, 2015
  49. National Review.com, "Why the Media Hate Super PACs," November 6, 2015
  50. National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Types," accessed April 19, 2023
  51. Christi Jacobsen Montana Secretary of State,"Frequently Asked Questions," accessed April 19, 2023
  52. Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
  53. Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
  54. Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
  55. Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
  56. 270towin.com, "Montana," accessed June 29, 2017
  57. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
  58. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017