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Joe Biden possible presidential campaign, 2016

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On October 21, 2015, Joe Biden announced that he would not run for president.[1]

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Possible presidential candidate
Joe Biden
Political offices:
Vice President of the United States
(2009-2017)
U.S. Senator
(1973-2009)
Biden on the issues:
Taxes • Government regulations • International trade • Budgets • Agricultural subsidies • Federal assistance programs • Labor and employment • Foreign affairs • Federalism • Natural resources • Healthcare • Immigration • Education • Abortion • Gay rights
Democratic Party Democratic candidates:
Hillary Clinton • Bernie Sanders
Ballotpedia's presidential election coverage
2028 • 2024 • 2020 • 2016


See also: Joe Biden

Joe Biden was a potential candidate for the office of President of the United States in 2016. On October 21, 2015, Biden announced that he would not seek the office of President of the United States.[1]

Biden is the Vice President of the United States. He and President Barack Obama were sworn in for their first terms of office on January 20, 2009.[2] Biden was sworn in for his second term as vice president on January 20, 2013.[3]

Before becoming vice president, Biden served as a U.S. senator from Delaware from 1973 to 2009.[4] He also ran for president in 1988 and 2008. Biden withdrew his candidacy from the 1988 race after he was found plagiarizing speeches from other politicians.[5] He withdrew from the 2008 presidential race on January 3, 2008, after receiving support from only 1 percent of the delegates at the Iowa caucuses.[6][7][8]

Although Biden hinted that he was considering running for president in the 2016 election in several interviews, he announced that he would not make a bid on October 21, 2015.[1] Referring to the death of his son, Beau Biden, Joe Biden said, "As my family and I have worked through the grieving process. I’ve said all along that it may very well be that that process, by the time we get through it, closes the window on mounting a realistic campaign for president. I’ve concluded it has closed."[9]

In recent candidate rankings, Crowdpac ranked Biden as a 6.7L (L being liberal) on a scale ranging from 10L to 10C, making him, if he enters the race, the sixth most liberal Democratic presidential candidate.[10]

On the issues

Economic and fiscal

Taxes

See also: Joe Biden possible presidential campaign, 2016/Taxes
  • In January 2015, Joe Biden supported the Obama administration's plan to create tax breaks for working families that would be offset with higher taxes on certain capital gains and instituting new taxes on some inheritances. [11] Biden said in an interview with George Stephanopoulos, "Why should somebody who's been left $10 million in stock that, in fact, when they bought it, it now is worth $50 million–why shouldn't they pay tax when they inherited it? ... It's a real easy choice. Do you want to continue to help trust fund babies...who are good people–that's not a pejorative term. [But] Last thing they need is another $210 billion tax cut when you can put that money into making sure people get a tax cut to help with childcare, help with sick leave, help with being able to own their homes."[12][13]
  • Biden played a significant role averting the 2013 fiscal cliff when the nation was poised to hit its statutory borrowing limit; a series of tax cuts were set to expire; and across-the-board spending cuts were set to go into effect at the end of 2012, all of which threatened to push the economy into recession. The eleventh-hour deal that Biden struck with Mitch McConnell, Republican of Kentucky, who was then Senate Minority Leader, permanently extended George_W_Bush-era tax rates for all Americans except those with individual incomes over $400,000 and families with incomes over $450,000. Those making over that saw their tax rate rise to 39.6 percent rate, up from 35 percent. [14] [11]
Biden discusses tax cuts during the vice presidential debate with Paul Ryan in October 2012.
  • In a September 2008 interview on ABC's "Good Morning America," Biden said paying higher taxes is "patriotic" and that it's "time to jump in, time to be part of the deal, time to help America out of the rut."[15]
  • Biden voted in favor of an amendment to S 2020 - Tax Relief Act of 2005, which would have restored a higher tax rate for top income earners until the federal government's budget deficit was eliminated.[16]
  • Biden voted against H R 1836 - Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001, colloquially known as one of the Bush tax cuts, which instituted significant reductions in tax rates and changes to the Internal Revenue Code over a period of several years. In a speech on the Senate floor, Biden opposed tax cuts for the wealthy, saying, "This is about values. My friend from Arizona says morality. Give me a break. Morality? This is about values. This is about what you value. Is it of a higher value to you to make sure that the fewer than .1 percent of the people in America, numbering literally in the thousands, who will have to pay an estate tax over $3 million, the first $3 million, no tax, will have their rate dropped from 55 percent to 53 percent instead of 55 percent to 50 percent, is that of greater value and moral content than paying for tens of thousands of Americans sitting in this gallery, listening to this debate being able to send their kid to school?"[17][18]
  • Biden voted against H R 8 - Death Tax Elimination of 2000, a bill to phase out the gift and estate tax that ultimately passed Congress but was vetoed by President Bill Clinton.[19]
  • Biden voted in favor of H R 4810 - Marriage Tax Relief Reconciliation of 2000 to increase tax relief for married couples..[20]
  • In 1999, Biden voted against S 1429 - Taxpayer Refund Act of 1999, which would have produced a "net tax reduction of up to $792 billion" over a ten-year period.[21][22]

Government regulations

See also: Joe Biden possible presidential campaign, 2016/Government regulations
Biden speaks about financial regulatory reform in October 2010 at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee.
  • In October 2010, Biden connected government intervention with American innovation at a fundraiser, according to the New York Daily News. Biden said, "Every single great idea that has marked the 21st century, the 20th century and the 19th century has required government vision and government incentive. In the middle of the Civil War you had a guy named Lincoln paying people $16,000 for every 40 miles of track they laid across the continental United States. … No private enterprise would have done that for another 35 years.”[24]
  • During the 2008 vice presidential debate against Sarah Palin, Biden criticized John McCain's support of deregulation, pointing to the sub-prime mortgage and financial crisis in 2008 as evidence of deregulation's consequences.[25]

International trade

See also: Joe Biden possible presidential campaign, 2016/International trade
Biden speaks at Munich Security Conference about the benefits of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership in February 2015.
  • Speaking at the Munich Security Conference in February 2015, Joe Biden discussed the importance of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. Biden stated, "Now let me make clear what I heard this morning, TTIP is not the stepchild to TPP. We have not taken our focus off of Europe. We have not decided that the future lies in the Pacific Basin. We are a Pacific power. We will assert that power, and we will remain a Pacific power. But we are also an Atlantic power. And the Trans Pacific Partnership we're working on in no way means to imply that there’s greater focus on the concerns of the Pacific. It’s meant to make clear that internationally we need new rules of the road, across the Pacific, as well as across the Atlantic." Biden highlighted the agreement's normative power, saying, "Just as NATO reinforces the norms of global security, TTIP can strengthen the global trading system and to the benefit of people everywhere, even as it lies–ties our two continents more closely together. If we can finalize this trade agreement we’re negotiating in the Pacific, and unite the countries representing two-thirds of the world’s trade into a coalition of free and fair trade, that will drive the standards and rules for 21st century–a coalition too large for countries to ignore the basic rules that we’ve agreed on."[26]
  • Biden wrote an op-ed in The New York Times about the potential for greater economic cooperation between Central America and the United States in January 2015. After highlighting the efforts several Central American countries have made to combat corruption, Biden noted, "We are ready to work with international financial institutions and the private sector to help these countries train their young people, make it easier to start a business, and ensure that local enterprises get the most out of existing free trade agreements with the United States."[27]
  • In February 2014, Biden wrote an op-ed in the Financial Times describing the benefits of the Trans-Pacific Partnership and Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. Biden explained, "Both of the deals will increase US exports and help attract good middle-class jobs to America. When 95 per cent of the world’s customers live beyond our borders, exports are critical. Outside studies have found that the TPP and TTIP would each increase exports by more than $120 [billion] a year." Biden added, "After decades when our economy grew but the middle class took a beating, Americans are understandably worried about rising inequality at home. The president and I are determined to address this. So the deals we are negotiating are different from those our country has signed before, reflecting the lessons of two decades of globalisation. They include unprecedented steps to protect labour standards, the environment and intellectual property, as well as new commitments against favouritism for state-owned enterprises. They require nations that might otherwise try to undercut us to match our high standards instead."[28]
  • In December 2007, although Biden declined to vote on HR 3688 - United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act, he stated in a press release that he did not support the trade agreement with Peru. Biden explained, "I cannot support the Peru Free Trade Agreement because the Bush Administration has not proven that it will effectively enforce labor and environmental provisions, however good they may be. Our economy is slowing down, and Americans don't trust this administration to protect their jobs, or the safety of our imports."[29]
  • Biden spoke at a town hall meeting in Iowa on November 27, 2007, where he briefly discussed his stance on fair trade and free trade. Biden said, "We have to make it clear that this whole notion of free trade is not such a good idea. I am not a big guy on tariffs and trying to have no trade, but there is a thing called fair trade. Fair trade. Where you hold other companies accountable to the same exact standards that we are held to. That's the way, among other things, that will keep jobs."[30]
  • When asked during a Democratic primary debate in 2007 whether he wanted to keep or change the North American Free Trade Agreement, Biden responded, "Hey, look, a president’s job is to create jobs, not to export jobs, and the idea that we are not willing to take the prime minister of Canada and the president of Mexico to the mat to make this agreement work is just a lack of presidential leadership. I would lead, I would do that, I would change it."[31]
  • In 2006, Biden voted against S 3569 - United States-Oman Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act.[32]
  • Biden voted against HR 3045 - Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, which became law in September 2005 and approved trade agreements with Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.[33]
  • In 2003, Biden voted against a bill approving a free trade agreement with Singapore, HR 2739 - United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act. The bill became law in September 2003.[34]
  • Biden voted against HR 2738 - United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act in 2003. The bill became law in September 2003.[35]
  • Biden voted in favor of several free trade agreements in the 1990s and early 2000s.
    • Biden voted in favor of two trade agreements that became law in 2004: HR 4759 - United States-Australia Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act and HR 4842 - United-States Morocco Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act.[36][37]
    • Biden voted in favor HR 434 - Trade and Development Act of 2000, which became law on May 18, 2000. This act established trade agreements with sub-Saharan and Caribbean countries and sought to remove barriers to trade in those two regions.[38]
    • Biden voted in favor of HR 4444, which sought "to extend...normal trade relations treatment" to China. This bill became law in October 2000. [39]
    • Biden supported HR 1876, which became law in July 1993 and expanded the president's power to enter into trade agreements for a period of time.[40]
    • Biden voted in favor of implementing the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1993.[41]

Budgets

See also: Joe Biden possible presidential campaign, 2016/Budgets
  • In February 2015, Joe Biden spoke at the Rudman Center for Justice, Leadership, and Public Policy in New Hampshire about the success of President Barack Obama's successes in reducing the deficit. According to The Portsmouth Patch, "Biden said the president and Congress’ decision to come together and allow the Bush tax cuts for the wealthy to expire a couple of years ago had brought in more than $600 billion in revenue. Cutting $716 billion out of Medicare, while expanding coverage, and cutting $23 billion out of farm subsidies, were 'the right thing to do' in order to end wasteful spending. Ending the wars early will eventually save $1.4 trillion, he noted. Biden said having Republicans at the table, working on compromises, helped accomplish this. Those actions, he said, reduced the deficit by two-thirds since he and the president were sworn into office six years ago."[42]
Biden introduces the Campaign to Cut Waste in July 2011.
  • Biden helped President Obama launch the Campaign to Cut Waste in July 2011. According to an op-ed Biden wrote, the initiative would implement a Government Accountability and Transparency Board to monitor government spending for waste, fraud, and abuse, encourage federal employees to innovate on efficiency through the President's SAVE Award and reduce no-bid federal contracting.[43]
  • In a speech at the Brookings Institution in September 2009, Biden advocated for the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Biden said, "The Recovery Act has played a significant role in changing the trajectory of our economy, in changing the conversation about the economy in this country. Instead of talking about the beginning of a depression, we're talking about the end of a recession eight months after taking office." According to The Washington Post in February 2014, the stimulus bill was a success if measured by its purpose "to provide a temporary bump to the economy."[44]
  • In 2008, Biden voted against an amendment to the congressional budget that would "establish an earmark moratorium for fiscal year 2009."[45][46]
  • When asked during the Democratic primary debate in Iowa in 2007 if it would be his priority to balance the federal budget each year, Biden responded, "You don't have to make a choice of balancing the budget and/or leading with the priorities that most of us feel strongly about, from health care, to education, to the environment. And I'll just put it in real stark terms: It's about priorities... Just by eliminating the war, eliminating the $200 billion in tax cuts that aren't needed for–goes to the top one percent, if you add it all up, and by cutting somewhere in the order of $20 billion a year out of the military for special programs, from star wars, to a new atomic weapon, to the F-22, to the Nimitz-Class Destroyer, you can save $350 billion. That would allow me to do everything I want to do–my priorities on education, health care and the environment–and still bring down the deficit by $150 billion. It would cost less than half–so, the Republicans are trying to sucker us into this, 'You either have to balance the budget and do nothing to make people's lives better, or you're going to balloon the deficit.' They have ballooned the deficit with their bad priorities."[47]
Biden discusses balancing the budget at a debate in Iowa in 2007.
  • Biden voted in favor of H R 5140 - Economic Stimulus Act of 2008. The bill became law on February 13, 2008.[48]
  • Biden picked up $67 million in earmarks in 2007, according to The Hill. In 2008, CNN reported that Biden requested 116 congressional earmarks totaling $342 million.[49][50]
  • In 2006, Biden voted against H J Res 47, which became law in March 2006 and increased the debt limit by $781 billion.[51]
  • In 1995 and 1996, Biden voted in favor of H J Res 1, which would have amended the Constitution to require a balanced federal budget. According to The New York Times, Biden supported the amendment because it "would force the Republican Congress to confront the need for broad spending cuts and tax increases, not merely cuts in unpopular social programs" and "prevent the Federal debt from consuming the resources for programs of every political stripe."[52][53]

Agricultural subsidies

See also: Joe Biden possible presidential campaign, 2016/Agricultural subsidies and 2016 presidential candidates on rural policy
  • In 2008, Joe Biden voted to override President George W. Bush's veto of H R 6124 - Food, Conservation and Energy Act of 2008. According to Scientific American in April 2012, this farm bill gave "some $4.9 billion a year in automatic payments to growers of such commodity crops [as corn and soy], thus driving down prices for corn, corn-based products and corn-fed meats."[54][55][56]
  • In an August 2007 interview with Grist, an environmental news magazine, Biden recommended reducing reliance on corn-based ethanol to more climate-friendly fuels. Biden said, "Right out here in Iowa...you already have producers and cattlemen and the rest saying, this is not such a good deal for us having this corn-based ethanol orgy that’s going on here, because long-term it’s not sustainable. Corn ethanol will always be a part of the alternative fuel mix, but it is not long-term sustainable as the only feedstock for ethanol because we can only produce around 12 billion to 17 billion gallons of ethanol from corn grown in this country. But we can produce 86 billion gallons of ethanol from cellulosic feedstocks, which could replace more than half the gas consumed by this country. An awful lot of these farmers are already looking for the next step, and they know it is cellulosics."[57]
  • In 2006, Biden voted against an amendment to H R 4939 - Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Hurricane Recovery, 2006, which would have removed $6 million in subsidies for the sugarcane industry in Hawaii.[58][59]
  • In 2005, Biden cosponsored S 273, a bill which would have extended and increased subsidies to the dairy industry through national dairy market loss payments.[60]
  • In 1999, Biden voted in favor of an amendment to S 1233 - Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2000, which sought to "provide emergency and income loss assistance" to the farming industry.[61][62]

Federal assistance programs

See also: Joe Biden possible presidential campaign, 2016/Federal assistance programs
Biden discusses Social Security and Medicare in October 2012 debate with Paul Ryan.
  • During the 2012 vice presidential debate with Paul Ryan, Joe Biden opposed privatizing Social Security and suggested senior citizens would have struggled in the aftermath of market fluctuations if Social Security had been privatized.[63][64]
  • In 1996, Biden voted in favor of H R 3734 - Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, a welfare reform bill that increased regulation of benefits for immigrant and able-bodied recipients.[65]
  • In 1995, Biden voted against a conference report of H R 4 - Work Opportunity Act of 1995, a welfare reform bill that was ultimately vetoed by President Bill Clinton in January 1996.[66][67]
  • In 1997, Biden voted in favor of an amendment to S 947 - Balanced Budget Act of 1997 that would "allow Medicare beneficiaries to enter into private contracts for services."[68][69]
  • In 1997, Biden voted to delay consideration of an amendment to S 947 - Balanced Budget Act of 1997 that would have removed income-relating provisions from certain Medicare premiums and deductibles and introduced means-testing for Senatorial health benefits.[70][71]

Labor and employment

See also: Joe Biden possible presidential campaign, 2016/Labor and employment
  • Joe Biden defended unions at a meeting of the International Association of Fire Fighters in March 2015. Biden said, "There is a concentrated, well-organized, well-paid, well-funded effort to undermine organized labor, And they've been remarkably successful. You, labor writ large, are the only thing that stands between the people's interest and the special interests owning it all. They know without you it's a clear shot at whatever they want. That's why they're so intent on breaking you."[72]
Biden discusses the minimum wage during his weekly address from the White House in March 2014.
  • In March 2014, Biden issued a weekly address from the White House where he advocated for raising the federal minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10. Biden said, "Not only would it put more hard-earned money into the pockets of 28 million Americans, moving millions of them out of poverty, it’s also good for business. And let me tell you why. There’s clear data that shows fair wages generate loyalty of workers to their employers, which has the benefit of increasing productivity and leading to less turn over. It’s really good for the economy as a whole because raising the minimum wage would generate an additional $19 billion in additional income for people who need it the most."[73]
    • Biden previously supported increasing the federal minimum wage in 2007, voting in favor of H R 2 - Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 and H R 2206 - U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007. These two bills sought to amend the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 to increase the federal minimum wage to $7.25 over the course of two years. H R 2206 became law on May 25, 2007.[74][75]
  • During a radio address in December 2010, Biden argued for the extension of unemployment benefits. Biden said Congress should "extend unemployment insurance for Americans who have lost their jobs in a tough economy. Without unemployment benefits, families can’t spend on basic necessities that are grown, made, and sold by other Americans. Together, the economic hit caused by raising taxes on the middle class, and denying two million Americans unemployment insurance, will wind up costing us hundreds of thousands of more jobs. It just isn’t smart. And, cutting unemployment insurance is not only not smart, it’s not right either. It would mean telling millions of our neighbors who are out of work today through no fault of their own, that they’re on their own."[76]
  • Under the Obama-Biden New Energy for America plan, first presented in 2008, Biden sought to create millions of new green jobs by weatherizing one million homes each year, deploying clean coal technology and prioritizing construction of the Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline.[77]
  • In 2007, Biden voted to end debate on H R 800 - Employee Free Choice Act of 2007, a bill designed to increase protections for employees establishing or joining labor unions.[78][79]


Foreign affairs

See also: Joe Biden possible presidential campaign, 2016/Foreign affairs

Iran nuclear deal

See also: 2016 presidential candidates on the Iran nuclear deal
Biden speaks at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy on April 30, 2015 about the potential nuclear deal with Iran.
  • In a call with Jewish leaders on July 27, 2015, Vice President Joe Biden made assurances that the Iran nuclear deal benefits Israel. “This is a complicated thing, but when you look at the facts, when you cut all the political wheeling and dealing aside, this is a solid, solid, very strong agreement that makes Israel safer, makes us safer, makes the region safer,” Biden said as part of his effort promote the agreement on behalf of the Obama administration.[80]
  • Biden spoke about negotiations with Iran at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy on April 30, 2015. In addition to outlining the parameters of the current deal, Biden cautioned, "[I]f we’re viewed as walking away from what is considered a reasonable deal by our partners in favor of a unilateral, maximalist positions, we will lose international support that our sanctions regime depends on. Because unilateral U.S. sanctions long ago ceased to be enough to ratchet up the pressure. That's not what is hurting Iran so badly." Biden added, "Let’s get something straight so we don't kid each other. They [Iran] already have paved a path to a bomb’s worth of material. Iran could get there now if they walked away in two to three months without a deal."[82]
  • On March 9, 2015, Biden criticized Senate Republicans for sending a letter to the Iranian government explaining features of the United States Constitution that affect any nuclear deal made between the U.S. and Iran. Biden said, "There is no perfect solution to the threat posed by Iran’s nuclear program. However, a diplomatic solution that puts significant and verifiable constraints on Iran’s nuclear program represents the best, most sustainable chance to ensure that America, Israel, and the world will never be menaced by a nuclear-armed Iran. This letter is designed to convince Iran’s leaders not to reach such an understanding with the United States. The president has committed to prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon. He has made clear that no deal is preferable to a bad deal that fails to achieve this objective, and he has made clear that all options remain on the table. The current negotiations offer the best prospect in many years to address the serious threat posed by Iran’s nuclear ambitions. It would be a dangerous mistake to scuttle a peaceful resolution, especially while diplomacy is still underway."[83]
  • Speaking at the Brookings Institution in December 2014, Biden stated, "[W]e remain committed to seek an agreement that meaningfully and verifiably blocks Iran from the pathways that it has available to it to create fissile material for a bomb; a nuclear breakout in its uranium enrichment facilities; the plutonium path, using Iran’s Arak reactor; or a covert nuclear program."[84]

Military preparedness and budget

Biden debates Paul Ryan on defense spending in October 2012.
  • In 2014, Joe Biden criticized Arizona Senator John McCain for saying the government should spend more money on the military than food stamps or highways. Biden said, "When it comes to the safety of our warriors, we have to spend the money. But this idea of it’s somehow inherently more important to spend money on the military than on domestic needs is a policy I reject, I reject out of hand.”[85]
  • When Paul Ryan suggested Biden wanted to cut defense spending during a vice presidential debate in October 2012, Biden responded, "The military says we need a smaller, leaner Army. We need more special forces; we don't need more M-1 tanks. What we need is more UAVs...that was the decision of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, recommended to us and agreed to by the President. That’s a fact."[86]
  • In March 2008, Biden cosponsored S 2705 - Troops to Nurse Teachers Act of 2008, to develop programs to increase the number of nursing students and nurses who join the military.[87]
  • When asked during a 2007 presidential primary debate in Des Moines, Iowa if he supported women registering for selective service, Biden advocated for a national service requirement for everyone. Describing a 1988 bill Biden supported, he said, "[Y]ou get to pick one of three things. If you chose the Army it’s six months, if you chose a domestic Peace Corps it’s two years, if you chose foreign Peace Corps, you only have to do it a year. Everyone...can chose what they want but there should be universal service unless there is an extreme physical disability."[88]
  • In 2007, Biden voted in favor of an amendment to H R 1585 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, which would have limited the length of deployments to no more than 12 consecutive months for members of the Armed Forces for Operation Iraqi Freedom and seven consecutive months for members of the Marine Corps.[89][90]
  • In 2005, Biden voted in favor of an amendment to the 2006 congressional budget designed "[t]o protect the American people from terrorist attacks by restoring $565 million in cuts to vital first-responder programs in the Department of Homeland Security, including the State Homeland Security Grant program, by providing $150 million for port security grants and by providing $140 million for 1,000 new border patrol agents."[91][92]
  • In 1998, Biden voted against an amendment to S 2057 - Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999, that would have restricted base closures.[93][94]

National security

Biden speaks at the Harvard Kennedy School in October 2014 about foreign policy and national security.
  • Speaking at the Harvard Kennedy School in October 2014, Joe Biden described ISIS as "a group that combines al Qaeda’s ideology with territorial ambitions in Iraq and Syria and beyond." Biden continued, "Our comprehensive strategy to degrade and eventually defeat ISIL reflects the lessons we have learned post-9/11 age about how to use our power wisely. And degrading them does not depend upon an unsustainable deployment of hundreds of thousands of boots on the ground. It’s focused on building a coalition with concrete contributions from the countries in the region. It recognizes outside military intervention alone will not be enough. Ultimately, societies have to solve their own problems, which is why we’re pouring so much time and effort into supporting a Syrian opposition and Iraqi efforts to re-establish their democracy and defend their territory. But this is going to require a lot of time and patience."[95]
  • During the vice presidential debate in 2012, the moderator asked Biden why initial reports suggested the terrorist attack on the American embassy in Benghazi, Libya related to a protest. Biden responded, "Because that was exactly what we were told by the intelligence community. The intelligence community told us that. As they learned more facts about exactly what happened, they changed their assessment. That's why there's also an investigation headed by Tom Pickering, a leading diplomat from the Reagan years, who is doing an investigation as to whether or not there are any lapses, what the lapses were, so that they will never happen again." Biden added they had not been told "they wanted more security there."[96]
Biden speaks about ISIS following the death of journliast Steven Sotloff in September 2014.
  • According to The New York Times in August 2008, Biden "opposed the [Bush] administration’s handling of the [Iraq] war, especially Mr. Bush’s decision to send additional troops–an administration strategy that military experts say has helped to reduce violence in Iraq."[97]
  • Biden cowrote an op-ed in The New York Times on May 1, 2006, recommending the Bush administration take Bosnia as an example of how to unite Iraq. Biden explained, "The idea, as in Bosnia, is to maintain a united Iraq by decentralizing it, giving each ethno-religious group — Kurd, Sunni Arab and Shiite Arab — room to run its own affairs, while leaving the central government in charge of common interests. We could drive this in place with irresistible sweeteners for the Sunnis to join in, a plan designed by the military for withdrawing and redeploying American forces, and a regional nonaggression pact."[98]
  • Biden voted in favor of authorizing military force against Iraq in October 2002. Speaking on the Senate floor, Biden said, "I'll vote for this because we should be compelling Iraq to make good on its obligations to the United Nations. Because while Iraq's illegal weapons of mass destruction program does not pose an imminent threat to our national security, in my view, they will if left unfettered. And because a strong vote in Congress, as I said, increases the prospect for a tough, new U.N. resolution on weapons of mass destruction, it is likely to get weapons inspectors in, which, in turn, decreases the prospects of war." [99]
  • In 2001 and 2006, Biden supported the Patriot Act, voting in favor of H R 3162 - USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 and H R 3199 - USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005.[100][101][102][103]
  • In 1995, Biden introduced S 390 - Omnibus Counterrorism Act of 1995, which sought to expand the definition and penalties for terroristic acts under the federal criminal code and set new guidelines for the deportation of foreign terrorists.[104]
  • In 1991, Biden introduced S 2666 - Comprehensive Counter-Terrorism Act of 1991, a bill whose language foreshadowed the Patriot Act, stating, "It is the sense of Congress that providers of electronic communications services and manufacturers of electronic communications service equipment shall ensure that communications systems permit the government to obtain the plain text contents of voice, data, and other communications when appropriately authorized by law."[105][106]

International relations

Biden speaks about the Russia-Ukraine conflict on May 27, 2015 at the Brookings Institution.
  • Joe Biden discussed the Russia-Ukraine conflict at the Brookings Institution in May 2015. Biden said, "The conflict over Ukraine, I think, is a test for the West, a test for the EU, a test for NATO, a test for us. President Putin is wagering that he has greater staying power than all the parties I just mentioned have. In Ukraine he's betting that he can outlast the current reformist pro-European government and undermine it economically. President Putin is also trying to scare our allies and partners with the threat of a new and aggressive Russia. Terms we haven't heard in a long time in terms of terms relating to nuclear power, nuclear arms." Explaining how the U.S. is responding to the conflict, Biden added, "The United States' sanctions on Russia must and will remain in place until the Minsk Agreement is fully implemented. It is my hope and expectation that when European leaders may meet again at the end of June, they will renew existing sanctions until Minsk is fully implemented."[107]
  • On April 23, 2015, Biden spoke at the Annual Israeli Independence Day Celebration, where he reaffirmed the commitment of the United States to Israel's security. Biden said, "[W]e celebrate your independence and our friendship, which was born just 11 minutes after Israel’s founding. And President Obama and I are proud to carry forward the unbroken line of American leaders–Democrat and Republican–who have honored America’s sacred promise to protect the homeland of the Jewish people." Noting the importance of containing Iran's nuclear program to Israel, Biden added, "This isn’t a grand bargain between the United States and Iran. It’s a nuclear bargain between Britain, France, Russia, China, Germany, the EU, America and Iran. It’s based on hard-hitting, hard-headed, uncompromising assessments of what is required to protect ourselves, Israel, the region, and the world." [108]
  • In January 2014, Biden advocated for a two-state solution while meeting with Israeli President Shimon Peres in Jerusalem. Biden said, "[T]he one place where there’s a possibility for an island of stability, quite frankly, is what you said, and that is between the Palestinian people and the Israeli people in two secure states respecting one another’s sovereignty and security."[109]
Biden discusses U.S.-China business relations in Beijing on December 5, 2013.
  • During a 2013 diplomatic visit to China, Biden criticized the country's treatment of foreign journalists, cautioning, "Innovation thrives where people breathe freely, speak freely, are able to challenge orthodoxy, where newspapers can report the truth without fear of consequences." Biden also expressed concern with China's plans to create an air defense zone in the East China Sea where Japan disputed the ownership of several island territories.[110][111]
  • When asked in 2007 if China was an ally or adversary, Biden responded, "They’re neither. The fact of the matter is, though, they hold the mortgage on our house. This [Bush] administration, in order to fund a war that shouldn’t be being fought and tax cuts that weren’t needed for the wealthy–we’re now in debt almost a trillion dollars–a trillion dollars to China. We better end that war, cut those taxes, reduce the deficit and make sure that they no longer own the mortgage on our home."[115]
  • In 2006, Biden cosponsored S 2370 - Palestinian Anti-Terrorism Act of 2006, which became law on December 21, 2006. The bill expressed support for a two-state solution and ended financial support to the Hamas-controlled Palestinian Authority.[116]
  • In 1999, Biden coauthored the Helms-Biden Act with North Carolina Senator Jesse Helms to create and authorize a payment plan for debts owed to the United Nations.[117]

Epidemic control

Biden states the need for emergency funds to address Ebola in West Africa in November 2014.
  • Biden spoke at Harvard University's Institute of Politics in October 2014, where he noted "threats as diverse as terrorism and pandemic disease cross borders at blinding speeds" and emphasized the importance of coalitions to address such public health issues. Biden said, "Take Ebola. A horrific disease that is now a genuine global health emergency. Our Centers for Disease Control, USAID and our military have taken charge of that world epidemic. We are organizing the international response to this largest epidemic in history. The President rallied the world at the United Nations last week, mobilizing countries from all around the world to act, and to act quickly. We’re deploying over 3,000 American soldiers to West Africa to support regional civilian responses and advance the effort in fighting the disease of Ebola."[119]
  • On September 5, 2001, Biden criticized the allotment of $182 million to address potential bioterrorism as insufficient. Biden said, "In my view, the threat from anonymously-delivered biological weapons and from emerging infectious diseases simply dwarfs the threat that we will be attacked by a third-world ICBM with a return address."[120]

Domestic

Federalism

See also: Joe Biden possible presidential campaign, 2016/Federalism
Judiciary
Biden defends the nomination of Elena Kagan to the Supreme Court in May 2010.
  • In 2010, Joe Biden applauded the nomination of Elena Kagan to the Supreme Court in an interview with Harry Smith of CBS, saying, "They're getting a woman who is practical, a woman who is committed, a woman who is open-minded, and a woman who does what judges are supposed to do, listen to both sides of the argument. And I do know her, she used to work for me on the Judiciary Committee years ago, when we were both a lot younger. She's still young. And I do know her and she has an exemplary record, Harry, and she's a tenured professor at Chicago, left to go work for the government, then became Dean of Harvard Law School, the first woman in the history of that great institution, and she left to become solicitor general. And she's now what everybody calls the tenth Supreme Court Justice, solicitor general." Biden added, "There are a number of really incredible justices who have never been prosecutors, never been a judge, never been a public defender."[121]
  • Following Sonia Sotomayor's nomination in 2009, Biden suggested she would be supportive of law enforcement in her new role. This comment drew criticism from John Wesley Hall, the president of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, who said, "To say that a judge ‘has your back’ is an activist judge. They’re raising doubts for everybody who’s concerned about the Bill of Rights."[122]
  • Biden was the chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee during the confirmation hearings of Justice Clarence Thomas in 1991. Biden declined to include Anita Hill's allegations of sexual misconduct against Thomas in the public hearing. According to Jill Abramson and Jane Mayer, authors of Strange Justice: The Selling of Clarence Thomas, Biden had "tried to be a statesman, to uphold decency standards," but he later stated he acted "in fairness to Thomas, which in retrospect he didn't deserve."[127][128]
Biden presides over the confirmation hearing of Robert Bork in 1987.
  • In 1987, Biden presided over the confirmation hearing of Robert Bork. According to The New York Times, "Senator Biden decided to build the hearings around the notion that the Constitution embodies a concept of liberty, including a right to privacy, that goes beyond the rights that are detailed in the text."[129][130]
Government accountability
First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
  • During the 2008 presidential campaign, Joe Biden stated the separation of church and state did not mean the absence of religion from public spaces. Biden explained, "Look, the founders were pretty smart. They had gone through, you know, several hundred years of wars - religious wars. And they were in the midst of religious wars in Europe. And they figured it out: The best way to do this is to keep the government out of religion. They took religion out of government. But they didn't mean religion couldn't be in a public place, in the public square."[132]
  • In 1993, Biden supported HR 1308 - Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993. The law sought to prevent the government "from substantially burdening a person's exercise of religion."[133][134]
Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
  • In January 2013, Joe Biden said he supported the Second Amendment and owned two shotguns, himself, but questioned the necessity for high-capacity ammunition magazines.[135][136]
  • Biden described the December 2012 shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School as a "tragic event" that "awaken[ed] the conscience of the country" and added that gun control was a "moral issue."[137]
  • In 2005, Biden voted against S 397 - Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act. The bill, which became law on October 26, 2005 prohibits civil liability for manufacturers and sellers of firearms and ammunition.[138][139]
  • In 1993, Biden voted in favor of an amendment to "restrict the manufacture, transfer, and possession of certain semiautomatic assault weapons and large capacity ammunition feeding devices."[140][141]
  • Biden voted in favor HR 1025 - Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, which became law on November 30, 1993, instituted a five-day waiting period before a gun could be purchased and required federal background checks be run on purchasers.[142][143]
Crime and justice
  • On September 10, 2015, Joe Biden joined Attorney General Loretta Lynch in New York City to announce nearly $80 million in grants to reduce the number of untested sexual assault kits in 43 jurisdictions across 27 states. Biden said, “For most survivors, seeing their rapists brought to justice, and knowing that they will not return, brings peace of mind and a sense of closure. The grants we’re announcing today to reduce the national rape kit backlog will bring that sense of closure and safety to victims while improving community safety."[144]
  • In a press release Biden issued on June 20, 2002, he stated his support for capital punishment with some exceptions. Biden wrote, "As the author of two major federal crime laws that extend the availability of the death penalty to sixty additional crimes, I support capital punishment as a crime-fighting technique. But we must implement the death penalty in a way that is consistent with our values as Americans. Just as we would not execute a 12-year-old, I have long argued that we should not execute a mentally retarded person whose mental capacity might be far more limited. That's why I led the fight in 1990 to oppose the extension of the federal death penalty to mentally retarded persons. Our criminal laws provide a host of penalties to punish mentally retarded criminals, up to and including life imprisonment without parole, and we must continue to use these penalties where appropriate"[145]
  • In 1996, Biden cosponsored S 1675 - Pam Lychner Sexual Offender Tracking and Identification Act of 1996, which became law on October 3, 1996, and established a national FBI database of sex offenders.[146]
  • Biden spearheaded the Violence Against Women Act, which became law in 1994 and "established new federal crimes of interstate domestic violence and stalking, doubled penalties for repeat sex offenders, and sparked the passage of laws at the state level to protect victims."[147]
  • In 1993, Biden voted against an amendment to S 1607 - Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1993, which sought to "To provide for imposition of the penalty of life imprisonment without the possibility of release rather than imposition of the death penalty."[148][149]

Natural resources

See also: Joe Biden possible presidential campaign, 2016/Natural resources
Keystone XL Pipeline
  • In September 2014, Joe Biden declined to publicly state his position on the Keystone XL Pipeline. He said, "I am vice-president. So what I’ve learned to do, is not step on the president’s lines. I do have an opinion. I’ve made it clear to the president what my opinion is. But I am vice-president.”[150]
Fracking
  • In 2012, Joe Biden blamed poor fracking practices for causing earthquakes. He said, “We know we can get [natural gas and oil], but we have to do it environmentally soundly. There’s a thing called fracking. They’ve got to go crack the rock in order to get it out. You can environmentally do that well or you can environmentally do that poorly. If you do it poorly, you use up the water aquifer. You can create, in some cases the argument is, earthquakes."[151]
Energy production
  • At an international solar energy conference in September 2015, Joe Biden encouraged the use of sustainable energy sources to boost the economy and minimize America’s reliance on fossil fuels. “The idea that we don’t think renewable is so critical to the future of this country and we won’t do everything to grow this industry is absolutely absurd. It really is absurd,” said Biden. “Our children and our grandchildren are going to look back on this period and this debate and wonder what were they debating about. … The stakes are too high for shortsighted politics and short-term policy decisions.”[152]
  • In March 2008, Biden voted against an amendment to the budget "[t]o establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund to improve energy efficiency and production."[153][154]
  • In 2007, Biden voted in favor of the HR 6 - Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, an omnibus energy legislation which became law on December 19, 2007, and addressed energy efficiency standards across several industries.[155][156]
  • Biden voted against S 3711 - Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act of 2006, which provided for the exploration and development of mineral resources in the Gulf of Mexico.[157][158]
Climate change
  • While speaking at the Clean Energy Investment Summit in June 2015, Joe Biden said "the single most important thing" he and President Barack Obama will do "is to actually get a handle on climate change."[159]
  • In March 2015, Joe Biden described the denial of climate change as "close to mindless." He added, " I think it’s like, you know, almost like denying gravity now. The willing suspension of disbelief can only be sustained so long."[160]
Cap and trade
  • The Obama-Biden New Energy for America plan, initially presented in 2008, seeks to "[i]mplement an economy-wide cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80 percent by 2050."[161]
Environmental protection
  • In 2003, Joe Biden Biden voted in favor of an amendment to the budget "to prevent consideration of drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge."[163][164]
  • In the 1990s, Biden advocated for Delaware to get its first national park. With Biden's support, President Obama established one in March 2013.[165][166]

Healthcare

See also: Joe Biden possible presidential campaign, 2016/Healthcare
  • According to The Huffington Post in September 2013, Joe Biden actively supported the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Promoting the introduction of the healthcare exchange system, Biden said, "Companies won’t be able to use your medical history to determine how much to charge you. They won’t be able to charge you more just because you’re a woman. They’ll have to be transparent about what they’re offering and compete against each other. It’s going to make a world of difference."[167]
  • During his run for president in 2008, Biden proposed a healthcare plan "that would expand access to health coverage for all children and adults, but stops short of mandating universal coverage," according to NBC News.[168]
  • Biden voted in favor of S 812 - Greater Access to Affordable Pharmaceuticals Act of 2002, which sought to improve the timing of generic drug availability and permit the importation of prescription drugs from Canada.[169][170]
  • Biden voted in favor of S 830 - Food and Drug Modernization Act of 1997, which became law on November 21, 1997, and expedited the "review of new drugs intended for serious conditions ad demonstrating the potential to address unmet medical needs for those conditions."[171][172]
  • In 1996, Biden voted in favor of an amendment to S 1028 - Health Insurance Reform Act of 1995, which would have eliminated tax-deductible medical savings accounts in 1996.[173][174]

Immigration

See also: Joe Biden possible presidential campaign, 2016/Immigration
  • In June 2013, Joe Biden criticized Representative Steve King for his legislation that would have all DREAM Act beneficiaries deported. Biden asked, "Where do these guys think they'll be sent to? A land they've never seen, maybe they don't speak the language or dialect...no family."[175]
  • While speaking at the Conference on the Americas in May 2013, Biden said he supported a pathway to citizenship for the 11 million people who live in United States without documentation. Biden said such immigration reform is about "granting them the dignity and respect they deserve."[176]
  • In March 2008, Biden voted in favor of tabling an amendment to the budget that would have created "reserve fund to ensure that Federal assistance does not go to sanctuary cities that ignore the immigration laws of the United States and create safe havens for illegal aliens and potential terrorists."[177][178]
  • During a Democratic presidential debate in 2007, Biden said sanctuary cities exist because "there is no funding at the federal level to provide for the kind of enforcement at the federal level you need." Biden added, however, that he would not allow sanctuary cities to ignore federal law.[179]
  • In May 2006, Biden voted in favor of tabling an amendment to S 2611 - Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act (CIRA) of 2006, which would have prevented guest workers from adjusting to lawful permanent resident status.[180][181] Biden also voted in favor of an amendment to CIRA that would have established a verification system for employers.[182][183]
  • Biden voted in favor of HR 6061 - Secure Fence Act of 2006, which became law on October 26, 2006, and authorized the construction of 700 miles of fencing on the U.S.-Mexico border.[184][185]
  • In 1998, Biden voted in favor of adopting "an amendment that would begin a federal job registry of temporary and seasonal jobs as well as a recommendation to create visas to allow more foreign workers into the United States for agricultural work."[186][187]
  • Biden voted in favor of HR 2202 - Immigration Control and Financial Responsibility Act of 1996. The bill would have reformed "the Immigration and Nationality Act...by increasing border patrol and investigative personnel, by increasing penalties for alien smuggling and for document fraud, by reforming exclusion and deportation law and procedures, by improving the verification system for eligibility for employment, and through other measures."[188][189]

Education

See also: Joe Biden possible presidential campaign, 2016/Education
  • According to the Department of Education in 2011, the Obama-Biden administration "has dramatically boosted Pell grant funding by more than $40 billion; increased tax incentives for higher education by more than 90 percent through the American Opportunity Tax credit; simplified the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, making it easier for students to apply for grants and loans; provided common-sense student loan repayment options with the Income-Based Repayment program; and implemented a program that forgives the debt of students who dedicate 10 years to public service after graduation."[190]
  • Joe Biden voted in favor of HR 1 - No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, which became law on January 8, 2002. During the 2008 vice presidential debate, however, Biden criticized the implementation of the program, saying, "The reason No Child Left Behind was left behind, the money was left behind, we didn't fund it."[191][192][193]
  • Biden voted in favor HR 1804 - Goals 200: Educate America Act, which became law on March 31, 1994, and established the National Education Standards and Improvement Council to set student achievement goals and improve academic quality standards.[194][195]

Abortion

See also: Joe Biden possible presidential campaign, 2016/Abortion
  • In September 2015, Joe Biden said people who were anti-abortion had a place in the Democratic Party. However, Biden noted, “I’m prepared to accept as a matter of faith, my wife and I, my family, the issue of abortion, but what I'm not prepared to do is impose a rigid view, a precise view — rigid sounds pejorative — a precise view that is born out of my faith on other people who are equally God fearing, equally committed to life, equally committed to the sanctity of life.”[196]
  • In a 2007 interview with NBC's Tim Russert, Biden explained the evolution of his view on abortion. Biden said, "I’m a practicing Catholic, and it is the biggest dilemma for me in terms of comporting my, my religious and cultural views with my political responsibility. And the decision that I have come to is Roe v. Wade is as close to we’re going to be able to get as a society that incorporates the general lines of debate within Christendom, Judaism and other faiths, where it basically says there is a sliding scale relating to viability of a fetus. We can argue about whether or not it’s precisely set, whether it’s right or wrong in terms of its three months as opposed to two months, but it does encompass, I’ve come to conclude, the only means by which, in this heterogeneous society of ours, we can read some general accommodation on what is a religiously charged and a publicly-charged debate. "[197]
  • In this interview, Biden noted he still opposed public funding for abortion because "it goes to the question of whether or not you’re going to impose a view to support something that is not a guaranteed right but an affirmative action to promote."[197]
  • When asked if he believed that life begins at conception, Biden said, "I am prepared to accept my church’s view. I think it’s a tough one. I have to accept that on faith. That is a tough, tough decision to me. But there is a point relatively soon where viability—it’s clear to me when there’s viability, meaning the ability to survive outside the womb, that I don’t have any doubt."[197]
  • In 2006, Biden voted against S 403 - Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act, which would have criminalized the transportation of a minor across state lines for an abortion.[198][199]
  • Biden voted in favor of HR 1122 - Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 1997, which criminalized partial-birth abortions except where necessary to save the life of the mother. The legislation passed, but President Bill Clinton vetoed it in October 1997.[200][201]

Gay rights

See also: Joe Biden possible presidential campaign, 2016/Gay rights
  • In October 2015, Joe Biden called transgender rights “the civil rights issue of our time” and expressed support for transgender individuals to serve in the military.[202]
  • On June 26, 2015, Biden released a statement regarding the legalization of gay marriage under Obergefell v. Hodges, saying, "[T]his day is for history to remember as one where, as a nation, our laws finally recognize that all people should be treated with respect and dignity—and that all marriages, at their root, are defined by unconditional love."[203]
  • In 2012, Biden said that said that he "absolutely comfortable" with same-sex marriage prior to the Obama administration making that position official.[204]
  • In a 2007 interview with NBC's Tim Russert, Biden said he believed gay marriage was probably inevitable "because social mores change." Before stating he was comfortable with New Hampshire establishing civil unions, Biden said, "I don’t think the government can dictate the definition of marriage to religious institutions. But government does have an obligation to guarantee that everybody has, every individual is free of discrimination. And there’s a distinction."[205]
  • In 1996, Biden voted in favor HR 3396 - Defense of Marriage Act, which defined marriage "as only a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife."[206][207]

Recent news

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Joe Biden 2016 News Feed

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 USA Today, "Joe Biden says no to 2016 presidential race," accessed October 21, 2015
  2. ↑ The Telegraph, "Barack Obama inauguration: Joe Biden sworn in as vice-president," January 20, 2009
  3. ↑ Planet Washington, "Biden officially sworn into office for a second term," January 20, 2013
  4. ↑ CNN, "Joe Biden Fast Facts," January 22, 2013
  5. ↑ New York Times, "Biden Withdraws Bid for President in Wake of Furor," September 24, 1987
  6. ↑ Washington Post, “Biden, Dodd Withdraw From Race," January 4, 2008
  7. ↑ New York Daily News, "Election 2016: A look at possible candidates and who could run in the next presidential race," August 17, 2013
  8. ↑ Washington Post, "At Iowa Steak Fry, Biden Defends Obama, Stokes Speculation About 2016 Candidacy," September 15, 2013
  9. ↑ The Guardian, "Joe Biden announces he will not run for president in 2016," accessed October 21, 2015
  10. ↑ Crowdpac, "2016 Presidential Election," accessed July 27, 2015
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 White House.gov "Taxes" accessed Sept. 17 2015
  12. ↑ ABC News, "Joe Biden on SOTU: 'Going to Be Some Stark Choices," accessed May 27, 2015
  13. ↑ Wall Street Journal, "Biden: Nobody Thinks Tax Increases Would Damage the Wealthy," January 21, 2015
  14. ↑ Washington Post "How McConnell and Biden pulled Congress away from the fiscal cliff" Jan. 2, 2013
  15. ↑ The Huffington Post, "Biden: It's Patriotic For Wealthy Americans To Pay Higher Taxes," October 19, 2008
  16. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.2610 to S.2020," accessed May 27, 2015
  17. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1836 - Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001," accessed May 27, 2015
  18. ↑ C-SPAN, "Senate Session, May 17, 2001," accessed May 27, 2015
  19. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.8 - Death Tax Elimination Act of 2000," accessed May 27, 2015
  20. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.4810 - Marriage Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2000," accessed May 27, 2015
  21. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.1429 - Taxpayer Refund Act of 1999," accessed May 27, 2015
  22. ↑ Congress.gov, "Report of the Committee on Finance on the Taxpayer Refund Act of 1999," accessed May 27, 2015
  23. ↑ Heritage Foundation, “Red Tape Rising: Five Years of Regulatory Expansion," March 26, 2014
  24. ↑ New York Daily News, "VPOTUS Joe Biden: Dems Will 'Keep The Senate And Win The House'," October 26, 2010
  25. ↑ The New York Times, "Transcript: The Vice-Presidential Debate," October 2, 2008
  26. ↑ WhiteHouse.gov, "Remarks by the Vice President at the Munich Security Conference," February 7, 2015
  27. ↑ The New York Times, "Joe Biden: A Plan for Central America," January 29, 2015
  28. ↑ Financial Times, "We cannot afford to stand on the sidelines of trade," February 27, 2014
  29. ↑ Joseph R. Biden, Jr., United States Senator for Delaware, "BIDEN Issues Statement on Peru Free Trade Agreement," accessed May 28, 2015
  30. ↑ C-SPAN, "Biden Town Hall Meeting," November 27, 2007
  31. ↑ Council on Foreign Relations, "Democratic Debate Transcript, Chicago," August 7, 2007
  32. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.3569 - United States-Oman Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act," accessed May 28, 2015
  33. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3045 - Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act," accessed May 28, 2015
  34. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2739 - United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act," accessed May 28, 2015
  35. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2738 - United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act," accessed May 28, 2015
  36. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.4759 - United States-Australia Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act," accessed May 28, 2015
  37. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.4842 - United States-Morocco Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act," accessed May 28, 2015
  38. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.434 - Trade and Development Act of 2000," accessed May 28, 2015
  39. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.4444 - To authorize extension of nondiscriminatory treatment (normal trade relations treatment) to the People's Republic of China, and to establish a framework for relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China.," accessed May 28, 2015
  40. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1876 - To provide authority for the President to enter into trade agreements to conclude the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, to extend tariff proclamation authority to carry out such agreements, and to apply Congressional "fast track" procedures to a bill implementing such agreements.," accessed May 28, 2015
  41. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3450 - North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act," accessed May 28, 2015
  42. ↑ The Portsmouth Patch, "Biden Says He Longs for the Days of 'Compromise'," February 25, 2015
  43. ↑ WhiteHouse.gov, "Op-ed by Vice President Biden: Delivering the Accountable Government that Taxpayers Deserve," July 14, 2011
  44. ↑ The Washington Post, "Transcript: Vice President Joe Biden Addresses the Recovery Act at the Brookings Institution," September 3, 2009
  45. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.4347 to S.Con.Res.70," accessed May 29, 2015
  46. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Waive C.B.A. DeMint Amdt No. 4347)," accessed May 29, 2015
  47. ↑ CNN, "Des Moines Register Presidential Debate - Democrats," December 13, 2007
  48. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5140 - Economic Stimulus Act of 2008," accessed May 29, 2015
  49. ↑ The Hill, “Clinton tops 2008 rivals, gets $530M in earmarks," November 9, 2007
  50. ↑ CNN, "Biden, Obama helped keep 'Bridge to Nowhere' alive.," September 23, 2008
  51. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.47 - Increasing the statutory limit on the public debt.," accessed May 29, 2015
  52. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.1 - Proposing a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution of the United States.," accessed May 29, 2015
  53. ↑ The New York Times, "Balanced Budget Nears 67 Votes Needed in Senate," February 24, 1995
  54. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6124 - Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008," accessed May 29, 2015
  55. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Overriding the Veto (Upon Reconsideration Shall H.R. 6124 Pass, the Objections of the President to the Contrary Notwithstanding?)," accessed May 29, 2015
  56. ↑ Scientific American, "For a Healthier Country, Overhaul Farm Subsidies," May 1, 2012
  57. ↑ Grist, "An interview with Joe Biden about energy and the environment," August 30, 2007
  58. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.3617 to H.R.4939," accessed May 29, 2015
  59. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (McCain Amdt. No. 3617)," accessed May 29, 2015
  60. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.273 - A bill to amend the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 to extend and improve national dairy market loss payments.," accessed May 29, 2015
  61. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.1499 to S.1233," accessed May 29, 2015
  62. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (Amdt. No. 1499 as amended)," accessed May 29, 2015
  63. ↑ Huffington Post, “Joe Biden On Social Security: Debate Answer Gets Mixed Reviews, Some Call Question 'Outrageous'," October 12, 2012
  64. ↑ NPR, "Transcript and Audio: Vice Presidential Debate," October 11, 2012
  65. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3734 - Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996," accessed June 1, 2015
  66. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.4 - Work Opportunity Act of 1995," accessed June 1, 2015
  67. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to accompany H.R. 4)," accessed June 1, 2015
  68. ↑ Senate.gov, "S.Amdt. 468 to S. 947 (Balanced Budget Act of 1997)," accessed June 1, 2015
  69. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.468 to S.947," accessed June 1, 2015
  70. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.440 to S.947," accessed June 1, 2015
  71. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Table (Kennedy Amdt No. 440)," accessed June 1, 2015
  72. ↑ The Huffington Post, "Joe Biden Warns The Right Is 'Intent On Breaking' Labor Unions," March 9, 2015
  73. ↑ WhiteHouse.gov, "Weekly Address: Raise The Minimum Wage – It’s The Right Thing To Do For Hardworking Americans," March 29, 2014
  74. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2 - Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007," accessed June 1, 2015
  75. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2206 - U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007," accessed June 1, 2015
  76. ↑ WhiteHouse.gov, "Weekly Address: Vice President Biden Calls on Congress to Preserve the Middle Class Tax Cuts and to Extend Unemployment Insurance This Year," December 4, 2010
  77. ↑ Change.gov, "The Obama-Biden Plan," accessed July 17, 2015
  78. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.800 - Employee Free Choice Act of 2007," accessed June 2, 2015
  79. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to Consider H.R.800)," accessed June 2, 2015
  80. ↑ The Huffington Post, "Joe Biden Asks Jewish Leaders To 'Look At The Facts' Of Iran Deal," July 27, 2015
  81. ↑ Politico, "Hill Democrats press Biden for answers on Iran deal," July 15, 2015
  82. ↑ Washington Institute, "30th Anniversary Address by Vice President Joe Biden," April 30, 2015
  83. ↑ The New York Times, "Biden Condemns Republicans’ Letter to Iran on Nuclear Talks," accessed April 10, 2015
  84. ↑ WhiteHouse.gov, "Remarks by Vice President Joe Biden to the 2014 Saban Forum," December 7, 2014
  85. ↑ Politico, "Joe Biden hits back at Dick Cheney," July 16, 2014
  86. ↑ TIME, "Undercard Debate: Not Much Difference When It Comes to U.S. Interventions," October 12, 2012
  87. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.2705 - Troops to Nurse Teachers Act of 2008," accessed June 2, 2015
  88. ↑ The Iowa Brown and Black Forum, "2007 Transcript," accessed June 2, 2015
  89. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.2032 to S.Amdt.2011," accessed June 2, 2015
  90. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (Hagel Amdt. No. 2032)," accessed June 2, 2015
  91. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.220 to S.Con.Res.18," accessed June 2, 2015
  92. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (Lieberman Amdt. No. 220)," accessed June 2, 2015
  93. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.2981 to S.2057," accessed June 2, 2015
  94. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (Inhofe Amdt. No.2981)," accessed June 2, 2015
  95. ↑ WhiteHouse.gov, "Remarks by the Vice President at the John F. Kennedy Forum," October 3, 2014
  96. ↑ CNN, "Transcript: Vice Presidential Debate," October 12, 2012
  97. ↑ The New York Times, "A Democratic Leader on Foreign Policy, in Iraq and the Balkans," August 23, 2008
  98. ↑ The New York Times, "Unity Through Autonomy in Iraq," May 1, 2006
  99. ↑ C-SPAN, "Senate Session, October 10, 2002," accessed June 2, 2015
  100. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3162 - Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001," accessed June 2, 2015
  101. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3162)," accessed June 2, 2015
  102. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3199 - USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005," accessed June 2, 2015
  103. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (H.R. 3199 Conference Report)," accessed June 2, 2015
  104. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.390 - Omnibus Counterterrorism Act of 1995," accessed June 2, 2015
  105. ↑ Congress.gov, S.266 - Comprehensive Counter-Terrorism Act of 1991," accessed June 2, 2015
  106. ↑ CNET, "Joe Biden's pro-RIAA, pro-FBI tech voting record," August 23, 2008
  107. ↑ Brookings Institution, "Brookings hosts Vice President Joe Biden for remarks on the Russia-Ukraine conflict," May 27, 2015
  108. ↑ WhiteHouse.gov, "Remarks by Vice President Joe Biden the 67th Annual Israeli Independence Day Celebration," April 23, 2015
  109. ↑ WhiteHouse.gov, "Remarks by Vice President Joe Biden at a Bilateral Meeting with Israeli President Shimon Peres," January 13, 2014
  110. ↑ The New York Times, "China Pressures U.S. Journalists, Prompting Warning From Biden," December 4, 2013
  111. ↑ CNN, "Biden tells Chinese president of 'deep concerns' over air defense zone," December 4, 2013
  112. ↑ Senate.gov, "History of the Committee on Foreign Relations, 1816-2000," accessed June 3, 2015
  113. ↑ WhiteHouse.gov, "Vice President Joe Biden," accessed June 3, 2015
  114. ↑ Senate.gov, "Committee History & Rules," accessed June 3, 2015
  115. ↑ The New York Times, "Transcript: The Democratic Candidates Forum," August 8, 2007
  116. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.2370 - Palestinian Anti-Terrorism Act of 2006," accessed June 2, 2015
  117. ↑ The New York Times, "United States May Yet Lose Its Vote in U.N. General Assembly," November 16, 1999
  118. ↑ The Wall Street Journal, "Biden Urges Groups to Lobby Congress for $6.2 Billion in Ebola Funds," November 13, 2014
  119. ↑ WhiteHouse.gov, "Remarks by the Vice President at the John F. Kennedy Forum," October 3, 2014
  120. ↑ CNN, "Biden: Bioterrorism more of a threat than missiles," September 5, 2001
  121. ↑ CBS News, "V.P. Biden on Elena Kagan," May 11, 2010
  122. ↑ Politico, "Joe Biden pushes envelope with Sonia Sotomayor praise," June 9, 2009
  123. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Confirmation John G. Roberts, Jr., of Maryland, to be Chief Justice of the United States)," accessed June 3, 2015
  124. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Confirmation Samuel A. Alito, Jr., of New Jersey, to be an Associate Justice)," accessed June 3, 2015
  125. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Ruth Bader Ginsburg to Be An Associate Justice)," accessed June 3, 2015
  126. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Nomination - Stephen G. Breyer)," accessed June 3, 2015
  127. ↑ LA Times, "The Road to the Confirmation of Clarence Thomas," accessed December 17, 2014
  128. ↑ The New York Times, "Biden and Anita Hill, Revisited," August 23, 2008
  129. ↑ Senate.gov, "Congressional Record–Senate, October 23, 1987," accessed June 3, 2015
  130. ↑ New York Times, “Washington Talk: The Bork Hearings; For Biden: Epoch of Belief, Epoch of Incredulity," October 8, 1987
  131. ↑ Huffington Post, Joe Biden Warned In 2007 That He'd Impeach Bush For Waging War Without Congressional Approval," March 23, 2011
  132. ↑ CBS News, “VP Candidates On Church-State Separation," October 1, 2008
  133. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1308 - Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993," accessed July 15, 2015
  134. ↑ The Washington Post, "Court to review religious law once hailed by Democrats but now used to battle Obamacare," February 2, 2014
  135. ↑ ABC News, "Biden Confirms Support for Second Amendment, Says He Owns Two Shotguns," January 17, 2013
  136. ↑ The Huffington Post, "Joe Biden Says High-Capacity Gun Magazines A Priority Over Assault Weapons Ban," January 24, 2013
  137. ↑ CNN, "Biden: Gun effort a 'moral issue'," January 9, 2013
  138. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.397 - Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act," accessed July 16, 2015
  139. ↑ Senate.gov, "S. 397 (Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act)," accessed July 16, 2015
  140. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.1152 to S.Amdt.1151," accessed July 16, 2015
  141. ↑ Senate.gov, "S.Amdt. 1152 to S.Amdt. 1151 to S. 1607 (Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1993)," accessed July 16, 2015
  142. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1025 - Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act," accessed July 16, 2015
  143. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 1025 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act Federal Firearms License Reform Act of 1993)," accessed July 16, 2015
  144. ↑ The Huffington Post, "Joe Biden, Loretta Lynch Pledge Millions To Resolve Rape Kit Backlog," September 10, 2015
  145. ↑ Senator Joseph R. Biden of Delaware, "Biden Statement on Supreme Court Decision on the Execution of Mentally Retarded Individuals," June 20, 2002
  146. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.1675 - Pam Lychner Sexual Offender Tracking and Identification Act of 1996," accessed July 16, 2015
  147. ↑ WhiteHouse.gov, "About Vice President Biden's Efforts to End Violence Against Women," accessed July 16, 2015
  148. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.1204 to S.1607," accessed July 16, 2015
  149. ↑ Senate.gov, "S.Amdt. 1204 to S. 1607 (Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1993)," accessed July 16, 2015
  150. ↑ The Hill, "Biden mum on Keystone," accessed December 17, 2014
  151. ↑ Washington Times, “Biden blames fracking for earthquakes," April 3, 2012
  152. ↑ Los Angeles Times, "At L.A. summit, Biden says it's time to 'end debate' on climate change," September 16, 2015
  153. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.4207 to S.Con.Res.70," accessed July 17, 2015
  154. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote for S.Amdt. 4207 to S.Con.Res. 70," accessed July 17, 2015
  155. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6 - Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007," accessed July 17, 2015
  156. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote for H.R. 6 (CLEAN Energy Act of 200)," accessed July 17, 2015
  157. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.3711 - Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act of 2006," accessed July 17, 2015
  158. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote for S. 3711 (Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act of 2006)," accessed July 17, 2015
  159. ↑ CNS News, "Biden: Most Important Thing Obama Can Do Is Get a Handle on Climate Change," June 17, 2015
  160. ↑ The Hill, "Biden: Climate skepticism ‘like denying gravity’," March 6, 2015
  161. ↑ Change.gov, "The Obama-Biden Plan," accessed July 17, 2015
  162. ↑ League of Conservation Voters, "Senator Joe Biden (D)," accessed July 17, 2015
  163. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.272 to S.Con.Res.23," accessed July 17, 2015
  164. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote for S.Amdt. 272 to S.Con.Res. 23," accessed July 17, 2015
  165. ↑ U.S. News & World Report, "Delaware's Carper Pushes Biden's Plan for a National Park," August 3, 2009
  166. ↑ National Park Service, "Secretary Salazar Applauds Establishment of Delaware’s First State National Monument ," March 17, 2013
  167. ↑ Huffington Post, “Joe Biden Makes Big Push For Obamacare In Iowa," September 30, 2013
  168. ↑ NBC News, “Biden unveils healthcare plan," October 23, 2007
  169. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.812 - Greater Access to Affordable Pharmaceuticals Act of 2002," accessed July 17, 2015
  170. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote for S. 812 (Greater Access to Affordable Pharmaceuticals Act of 2002)," accessed July 17, 2015
  171. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.830 - Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997," accessed July 17, 2015
  172. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote for S. 812 (Greater Access to Affordable Pharmaceuticals Act of 2002)," accessed July 17, 2015
  173. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.3677 to S.Amdt.3676," accessed July 17, 2015
  174. ↑ Senate.gov, "S.Amdt. 3677 to S.Amdt. 3676 to S. 1028 (Health Insurance Reform Act of 1995)," accessed July 17, 2015
  175. ↑ ABC News, "Vice President Joe Biden Takes on Immigration Reform Foes," June 20, 2013
  176. ↑ CNS News, “Biden: Amnesty for Illegals Is ‘Granting Them the Dignity and Respect They Deserve’," May 9, 2013
  177. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.4309 to S.Con.Res.70," accessed July 17, 2015
  178. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote on the Motion to Table S.Amdt. 4309 to S.Con.Res. 70," accessed July 17, 2015
  179. ↑ The New York Times, "The Democratic Presidential Debate on MSNBC," September 26, 2007
  180. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.3969 to S.2611," accessed July 17, 2015
  181. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote on the Motion to Table S.Amdt. 3969 to S. 2611 (Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006)," accessed July 17, 2015
  182. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.4177 to S.2611," accessed July 17, 2015
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  184. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6061 - Secure Fence Act of 2006," accessed July 17, 2015
  185. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote on H.R. 6061 (Secure Fence Act of 2006)," accessed July 17, 2015
  186. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.3258 to S.2260," accessed July 17, 2015
  187. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote on S.Amdt. 3258 to S. 2260 (Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1999)," accessed July 17, 2015
  188. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2202 - Immigration Control and Financial Responsibility Act of 1996," accessed July 17, 2015
  189. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote on H.R. 2202 (Immigration in the National Interest Act of 1995)," accessed July 17, 2015
  190. ↑ Department of Education, "Vice President Biden Issues Call to Action to Boost College Graduation Rates Nationwide," March 22, 201
  191. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1 - No Child Left Behind Act of 2001," accessed July 17, 2015
  192. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote on H.R. 1 (No Child Left Behind Act of 2001)," accessed July 17, 2015
  193. ↑ CNN, "Transcript of Palin, Biden debate," October 3, 2008
  194. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1804 - Goals 2000: Educate America Act," accessed July 17, 2015
  195. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote on H.R. 1804 (Goals 2000: Educate America Act Education Flexibility Partnership Demonstration Act National Skill Standards Act of 1994," accessed July 17, 2015
  196. ↑ Talking Points Memo, "Biden Says Pro-Lifers Have A Place In The Democratic Party," September 21, 2015
  197. ↑ 197.0 197.1 197.2 NBC News, “Meet the Press Transcript," April 27, 2007
  198. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.403 - Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act," accessed July 17, 2015
  199. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote on S. 403 (Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act)," accessed July 17, 2015
  200. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1122 - Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 1997," accessed July 17, 2015
  201. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote on H.R. 1122 (Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 1997)," accessed July 17, 2015
  202. ↑ Huffington Post, "Joe Biden Backs Transgender Military Service As U.S. Weighs Policy," October 4, 2015
  203. ↑ WhiteHouse.gov, "Statement by the Vice President on the Supreme Court Decision in Obergefell v. Hodges," June 26, 2015
  204. ↑ Politico, "Joe Biden ‘absolutely comfortable’ with gay marriage," May 6, 2012
  205. ↑ NBC News, "Meet the Press Transcript," April 29, 2007
  206. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3396 - Defense of Marriage Act," accessed July 17, 2015
  207. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote on H.R. 3396 (Defense of Marriage Act)," accessed July 17, 2015
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