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U.S. Senate battlegrounds, 2024
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November 5, 2024 |
Elections for 34 U.S. Senate seats took place in 2024. Thirty-three of those seats were up for regular election, and one[1] was up for a special election. Ahead of the November election, Democrats had a majority in the U.S. Senate, controlling 51 seats[2] to Republicans' 49.
Ballotpedia identified 12 races as general election battlegrounds in 2024.
These battleground races were selected using the following criteria. For more information on our methodology, click here:
- the results of the 2020 presidential election in each state,
- whether the incumbent was seeking re-election,
- whether the incumbent was serving his or her first term in the U.S. Senate, and
- how the Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and Inside Elections with Nathan Gonzales rated the race.
In addition to the competitiveness data above, races were included if they were particularly compelling or meaningful to the balance of power in governments for other reasons.
In 2022, Ballotpedia identified 12 U.S. Senate battleground races: four Democratic seats and eight Republican seats. Democrats won one Republican-held seat. Republicans won no seats held by Democrats.
Click on the links below to learn more about battleground races of other types:
- U.S. House battlegrounds, 2024
- Gubernatorial battlegrounds, 2024
- Republican Party battleground primaries, 2024
- Democratic Party battleground primaries, 2024
- Top-two and top-four battleground primaries, 2024
Battleground list
The following map displays all states that held U.S. Senate elections in 2024 shaded by the incumbent's or most recent incumbent's political affiliation. Battleground races are highlighted in lighter colors. Hover over a state for more information.
| Battleground U.S. Senate elections, 2024 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Incumbent | Open seat? | 2018 margin | 2024 margin | 2020 presidential margin |
| Arizona |  Kyrsten Sinema |
Yes | D+2.4[3] | D+2.2 | D+0.3 |
| California |  Laphonza Butler |
Yes | N/A[4] | D+19.6 | D+29.2 |
| Florida |  Rick Scott |
No | R+0.2 | R+12.8 | R+3.3 |
| Maryland | Ben Cardin |
Yes | D+34.6 | D+7.8 | D+33.2 |
| Michigan | Debbie Stabenow |
Yes | D+6.5 | D+0.3 | D+2.8 |
| Montana | Jon Tester |
No | D+3.5 | R+8.4 | R+16.4 |
| Nebraska | Deb Fischer |
No | R+19.1 | R+4.6 | R+19 |
| Nevada | Jacky Rosen |
No | D+5 | D+1.3 | D+2.4 |
| New Jersey | Bob Menendez Sr. |
Yes | D+11.2 | D+9.9 | D+15.9 |
| New Mexico | Martin Heinrich |
No | D+10.8 | D+8.8 | D+15.9 |
| Ohio | Sherrod Brown |
No | D+6.8 | R+3.8 | R+8.1 |
| Pennsylvania | Bob Casey |
No | D+13.1 | R+0.2 | D+1.2 |
| Texas | Ted Cruz |
No | R+2.6 | R+9.8 | R+5.6 |
| Virginia | Tim Kaine |
No | D+16 | D+7.6 | 10.1 |
| Wisconsin | Tammy Baldwin |
No | D+10.8 | D+0.9 | D+0.7 |
List of candidates
The table below contains a list of all candidates in U.S. Senate battlegrounds in 2024. Major party candidates will not appear here until that primary is complete. The table is fully searchable by candidate, party and candidacy status. Depending on the size of your screen, you'll either see a menu to the left of the table or an arrow at the top right corner, which you can use to select a state.
| candidate | party | office | status |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Democratic | Won General | |
 | Republican | Lost General | |
Republican | Lost (Write-in) General | ||
 | Green | Lost General | |
Independent | Lost (Write-in) General | ||
Independent | Lost (Write-in) General | ||
Libertarian | Lost (Write-in) General | ||
 | No party preference | Lost (Write-in) General | |
No party preference | Lost (Write-in) General | ||
Us Altogether Party | Lost (Write-in) General |
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
| candidate | party | office | status |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Democratic | Won General | |
 | Republican | Lost General |
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
| candidate | party | office | status |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Republican | Won General | |
Democratic | Lost General | ||
Libertarian | Lost General | ||
No Party Affiliation | Lost General | ||
 | No Party Affiliation | Lost (Write-in) General | |
No Party Affiliation | Lost General |
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
| candidate | party | office | status |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Democratic | Won General | |
 | Republican | Lost General | |
Libertarian | Lost General | ||
Unaffiliated | Lost (Write-in) General | ||
Unaffiliated | Lost (Write-in) General | ||
Unaffiliated | Lost (Write-in) General | ||
Unaffiliated | Lost (Write-in) General | ||
Unaffiliated | Lost (Write-in) General |
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
| candidate | party | office | status |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Democratic | Won General | |
Republican | Lost (Write-in) General | ||
 | Republican | Lost General | |
Green | Lost General | ||
Libertarian | Lost General | ||
 | Natural Law Party | Lost General | |
 | U.S. Taxpayers Party | Lost General | |
 | U.S. Taxpayers Party | Lost (Write-in) General |
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
| candidate | party | office | status |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Republican | Won General | |
 | Democratic | Lost General | |
Green | Lost General | ||
Libertarian | Lost General |
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
| candidate | party | office | status |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Republican | Won General | |
 | Nonpartisan | Lost General |
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
| candidate | party | office | status |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Democratic | Won General | |
 | Republican | Lost General | |
 | Independent American Party | Lost General | |
Libertarian | Lost General |
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
| candidate | party | office | status |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Democratic | Won General | |
 | Republican | Lost General | |
Green | Lost General | ||
Libertarian | Lost General | ||
Socialist Workers Party | Lost General | ||
Vote Better Party | Lost General |
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
| candidate | party | office | status |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Democratic | Won General | |
 | Republican | Lost General |
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
| candidate | party | office | status |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Republican | Won General | |
 | Democratic | Lost General | |
Independent | Lost (Write-in) General | ||
Independent | Lost (Write-in) General | ||
Independent | Lost (Write-in) General | ||
Independent | Lost (Write-in) General | ||
Libertarian | Lost General |
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
| candidate | party | office | status |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Republican | Won General | |
Republican | Lost (Write-in) General | ||
Constitution Party | Lost General | ||
 | Democratic | Lost General | |
 | Green | Lost General | |
 | Independent | Lost (Write-in) General | |
Libertarian | Lost General |
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
| candidate | party | office | status |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Republican | Won General | |
Democratic | Lost General | ||
Independent | Lost (Write-in) General | ||
Independent | Lost (Write-in) General | ||
Libertarian | Lost General |
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
| candidate | party | office | status |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Democratic | Won General | |
 | Republican | Lost General |
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
| candidate | party | office | status |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Democratic | Won General | |
 | Republican | Lost General | |
America First Party | Lost General | ||
Disrupt The Corruption Party | Lost General | ||
 | Independent | Lost (Write-in) General |
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
Campaign finance
The chart below shows the total campaign money raised and spent by each major party Senate candidate in 2024 in dollars.
| Campaign money raised and spent by major party Senate candidates, 2024 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Democratic Candidate
|
Democratic candidate total money raised
|
Democratic candidate total expenditures
|
Republican Candidate
|
Republican candidate total money raised
|
Republican candidate total expenditures
|
Total money raised difference | Total spending difference |
| Arizona | Ruben Gallego | 32,349,690.00 | 25,433,424.00 | Kari Lake | 10,371,230.00 | 8,290,901.00 | 21,978,460.00 | 17,142,523.00 |
| California | Adam Schiff | 39,349,181.00 | 53,898,876.00 | Steve Garvey | 10,968,990.00 | 7,678,946.00 | 28,380,191.00 | 46,219,930.00 |
| Connecticut | Chris Murphy | 13,279,807.00 | 8,327,715.00 | Matthew Corey | 37,284.52 | 22,653.70 | 13,242,522.48 | 8,305,061.30 |
| Delaware | Lisa Blunt Rochester | 7,805,715.66 | 4,952,602.29 | Eric Hansen | 951,889.20 | 745,363.21 | 6,853,826.46 | 4,207,239.08 |
| Florida | Debbie Mucarsel-Powell | 14,373,409.59 | 10,005,887.94 | Rick Scott | 30,047,375.98 | 27,649,543.47 | 15,673,966.39 | 17,643,655.53 |
| Hawaii | Mazie Hirono | 4,387,632.33 | 3,047,071.81 | Bob McDermott | 2,502.94 | 2,611.09 | 4,385,129.39 | 3,044,460.72 |
| Indiana | Valerie McCray | 61,506.88 | 45,953.09 | Jim Banks | 5,553,816.16 | 3,713,829.76 | 5,492,309.28 | 3,667,876.67 |
| Maine | Angus King[5] | 4,802,784.00 | 2,069,527.22 | Demi Kouzounas | 503,997.75 | 170,805.40 | 4,298,786.25 | 1,898,721.82 |
| Maryland | Angela Alsobrooks | 12,473,586.36 | 8,913,984.18 | Larry Hogan | 7,003,571.12 | 4,340,175.49 | 5,470,015.24 | 4,573,808.69 |
| Massachusetts | Elizabeth Warren | 19,318,936.39 | 25,140,241.54 | John Deaton | 1,759,287.62 | 930,806.93 | 17,559,648.77 | 24,209,434.61 |
| Michigan | Elissa Slotkin | 24,083,670.99 | 15,340,014.44 | Mike Rogers | 5,364,155.31 | 2,862,120.90 | 18,719,515.68 | 12,477,893.54 |
| Minnesota | Amy Klobuchar | 18,972,718.71 | 16,340,964.70 | Royce White | 132,721.45 | 79,781.82 | 18,839,997.26 | 16,261,182.88 |
| Missouri | Lucas Kunce | 11,193,778.19 | 6,959,981.99 | Josh Hawley | 22,492,767.13 | 17,267,201.21 | 11,298,988.94 | 10,307,219.22 |
| Mississippi | Ty Pinkins | 499,483.52 | 447,376.73 | Roger Wicker | 8,610,740.27 | 6,794,207.93 | 8,111,256.75 | 6,346,831.20 |
| Montana | Jon Tester | 43,775,556.22 | 33,373,881.22 | Tim Sheehy | 14,065,647.85 | 10,795,081.65 | 29,709,908.37 | 22,578,799.57 |
| Nebraska | Dan Osborn[6] | 1,647,635.00 | 997,886.00 | Deb Fischer | 6,263,796.86 | 3,778,940.29 | 4,616,161.86 | 2,781,054.29 |
| Nebraska | Preston Love | 164,288.27 | 157,746.73 | Pete Ricketts | 4,294,714.53 | 2,586,199.02 | 4,130,426.26 | 2,428,452.29 |
| Nevada | Jacky Rosen | 31,924,824.61 | 22,615,491.44 | Sam Brown | 9,719,083.36 | 6,606,955.59 | 22,205,741.25 | 16,008,535.85 |
| New Jersey | Andy Kim | 8,995,242.41 | 5,093,961.65 | Curtis Bashaw | 2,667,084.49 | 1,585,802.29 | 6,328,157.92 | 3,508,159.36 |
| New Mexico | Martin Heinrich | 10,149,858.66 | 6,047,306.53 | Nella Domenici | 3,623,274.73 | 1,497,270.01 | 6,526,583.93 | 4,550,036.52 |
| New York | Kirsten Gillibrand | 13,737,415.37 | 13,201,424.85 | Mike Sapraicone | 758,861.91 | 559,850.24 | 12,978,553.46 | 12,641,574.61 |
| North Dakota | Katrina Christiansen | 1,154,175.19 | 957,217.68 | Kevin Cramer | 5,423,493.75 | 2,327,177.33 | 4,269,318.56 | 1,369,959.65 |
| Ohio | Sherrod Brown | 52,802,158.17 | 43,430,700.06 | Bernie Moreno | 15,822,576.22 | 11,202,098.66 | 36,979,581.95 | 32,228,601.40 |
| Pennsylvania | Bob Casey | 31,831,902.54 | 23,893,851.30 | David McCormick | 18,063,786.95 | 9,799,117.72 | 13,768,115.59 | 14,094,733.58 |
| Rhode Island | Sheldon Whitehouse | 6,197,352.33 | 3,366,049.28 | Patricia Morgan | 238,028.29 | 93,652.89 | 5,959,324.04 | 3,272,396.39 |
| Tennessee | Gloria Johnson | 5,069,007.82 | 3,009,194.22 | Marsha Blackburn | 14,501,963.65 | 6,339,436.71 | 9,432,955.83 | 3,330,242.49 |
| Texas | Colin Allred | 38,433,747.58 | 27,983,265.27 | Ted Cruz | 59,159,421.27 | 46,606,430.56 | 20,725,673.69 | 18,623,165.29 |
| Utah | Caroline Gleich | 756,449.28 | 664,929.14 | John Curtis | 4,497,485.90 | 4,058,070.60 | 3,741,036.62 | 3,393,141.46 |
| Vermont | Bernie Sanders[7] | 34,218,233.26 | 32,039,148.21 | Gerald Malloy | 216,082.35 | 117,970.88 | 34,002,150.91 | 31,921,177.33 |
| Virginia | Tim Kaine | 15,990,927.12 | 10,698,944.75 | Hung Cao | 3,051,361.35 | 2,729,334.49 | 12,939,565.77 | 7,969,610.26 |
| Washington | Maria Cantwell | 11,749,248.74 | 5,289,290.17 | Raul Garcia | 596,882.70 | 428,003.60 | 11,152,366.04 | 4,861,286.57 |
| Wisconsin | Tammy Baldwin | 36,476,704.75 | 30,268,932.77 | Eric Hovde | 16,788,769.74 | 13,609,814.12 | 19,687,935.01 | 16,659,118.65 |
| West Virginia | Glenn Elliott | 252,261.96 | 183,127.40 | Jim Justice | 3,680,407.90 | 2,881,158.09 | 3,428,145.94 | 2,698,030.69 |
| Wyoming | Scott Morrow | 1,284,150.64 | 1,284,150.64 | John Barrasso | 9,188,291.87 | 5,005,911.84 | 7,904,141.23 | 3,721,761.20 |
| Total | - | 549,563,040.54 | 445,480,120.24 | - | 296,421,345.12 | 213,157,224.49 | 450,790,458.12 | 384,945,675.71 |
| Average | - | 16,163,618.84 | 13,102,356.48 | - | 8,718,274.86 | 6,269,330.13 | 13,258,542.89 | 11,321,931.64 |
Race ratings
The following table compared the race ratings from The Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and Inside Elections. The following table compared U.S. Senate race ratings from The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter, Decision Desk HQ and The Hill, Inside Elections, and Sabato's Crystal Ball prior to the November 2024 elections.
Presidential and gubernatorial election data
The following section compares data from the most recent presidential and gubernatorial elections with the party of the incumbent in each 2022 Senate battleground race. These trends can be used as an indicator of expected competitive Senate races in the 2024 elections.
- There were three states with a Democratic incumbent that that Donald Trump (R) won in 2020: Montana, Ohio, and West Virginia. There were no states with a Republican incumbent that Joe Biden (D) won in 2020.
- Seven were states with a Democratic incumbent that Joe Biden (D) won in 2020: California, Maryland, Michigan, Nevada, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Wisconsin. There was one state with a Republican incumbent that Donald Trump (R) won in 2020: Texas.
- Five battleground seats were held by Democratic senators in states with Republican governors: Montana, Nevada, Ohio, Virginia, and West Virginia.
- No battleground seats were held by Republican senators in states with Democratic governors.
Change log
This section lists every change that was made to our battleground list between the publishing of this page in February 2022 and the end of the 2022 election cycle.
- February 12, 2024: Published initial version of the page with 12 battlegrounds.[8]
2022 battlegrounds
- See also: U.S. Senate battlegrounds, 2022
Ballotpedia identified 12 races as general election battlegrounds. Of the 12 seats, four had Democratic incumbents and eight had Republican incumbents heading into the election.
The map and chart below highlight the states with battleground elections in 2022 and whether the seat changed party hands.
| Battleground U.S. Senate elections, 2022 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Incumbent | Open seat? | 2016 margin | 2020 presidential margin | |
| Alaska | Lisa Murkowski |
No | R+15.2 | R+10.0 | |
| Arizona | Mark Kelly |
No | D+2.4 | D+0.3 | |
| Florida | Marco Rubio |
No | R+7.7 | R+3.3 | |
| Georgia | Raphael Warnock |
No | D+2.1 | D+0.2 | |
| Missouri | Roy Blunt |
Yes | R+2.8 | R+15.4 | |
| Nevada | Catherine Cortez Masto |
No | D+2.4 | D+2.4 | |
| New Hampshire | Maggie Hassan |
No | D+0.1 | D+7.3 | |
| North Carolina | Richard Burr |
Yes | R+5.7 | R+1.3 | |
| Ohio | Rob Portman |
Yes | R+20.8 | R+8.1 | |
| Pennsylvania | Pat Toomey |
Yes | R+1.5 | D+1.2 | |
| Utah | Mike Lee |
No | R+41.0 | R+20.5 | |
| Wisconsin | Ron Johnson |
No | R+3.4 | D+0.7 | |
See also
- Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2024
- United States Congress elections, 2024
- United States Senate elections, 2024
- United States Senate
- Battlegrounds
Footnotes
- ↑ This number does not include the special election for a Senate seat in California, as that seat was also up for regular election.
- ↑ This number includes three independents
- ↑ Sinema won in 2018 as a Democrat.
- ↑ Democratic incumbent Sen. Dianne Feinstein defeated Democrat Kevin De Leon in the general election by a margin of 8.4%.
- ↑ King is officially independent but caucuses with Democrats.
- ↑ Osborn is officially independent but has received support from state and federal Democrats.
- ↑ Sanders is officially independent but caucuses with Democrats.
- ↑ The initial battleground list included Arizona, California, Maryland, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin.
