United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 2024
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| U.S. Senate, Pennsylvania |
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| Democratic primary Republican primary General election |
| Election details |
| Filing deadline: February 13, 2024 |
| Primary: April 23, 2024 General: November 5, 2024 |
| How to vote |
| Poll times: 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. Voting in Pennsylvania |
| Race ratings |
DDHQ and The Hill: Toss-up Inside Elections: Tilt Democratic Sabato's Crystal Ball: Lean Democratic |
| Ballotpedia analysis |
| U.S. Senate battlegrounds U.S. House battlegrounds Federal and state primary competitiveness Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2024 |
| See also |
U.S. Senate • 1st • 2nd • 3rd • 4th • 5th • 6th • 7th • 8th • 9th • 10th • 11th • 12th • 13th • 14th • 15th • 16th • 17th Pennsylvania elections, 2024 U.S. Congress elections, 2024 U.S. Senate elections, 2024 U.S. House elections, 2024 |
David McCormick (R) defeated incumbent Bob Casey Jr. (D) and five other candidates in the general election for U.S. Senate in Pennsylvania on Nov. 5, 2024. Casey was one of three incumbents who lost their re-election campaigns to the U.S. Senate in 2024. Additionally, this was one of five seats that changed partisan control due to the 2024 U.S. Senate elections.
On Nov. 13, 2024, Secretary of the Commonwealth Al Schmidt (R) announced that the unofficial results to the Nov. 5 general election triggered a legally required statewide recount.[1] The Department of State subsequently called off the recount after Casey conceded to McCormick on Nov. 21.[2][3] To learn more about the recount, click here.
Casey was first elected in 2006, defeating then-incumbent Rick Santorum (R) 56.7% to 41.3%. Four major election forecasters differed in their ratings for the general election, with two rating it Lean Democratic, one rating it Tilt Democratic, and one rating it a toss-up.
Casey received a bachelor’s degree from The College of the Holy Cross in 1982 and a J.D. from The Catholic University of America.[4] Casey worked as a teacher and a lawyer in Scranton, Pennsylvania, before running for elected office.[5] He served as Pennsylvania auditor general from 1997 to 2005 and as pennsylvania treasurer from 2005 to 2007.[6]
In a statement published on his website, Casey said he supported policies that combat terrorism, make it easier for small businesses to expand, and increase financial security for families, workers, and seniors. His website also said that he supported policies that give a voice to those who "are threatened by Congressional Republicans' recent attempts to give tax cuts to the ultra-rich and to undermine Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid."[7][8]
McCormick received a bachelor's degree from the United States Military Academy at West Point and a Ph.D. in international affairs from Princeton University.[9] McCormick worked as the CEO of Bridgewater Associates, an investment management firm, and undersecretary in both the Department of Commerce and Department of Treasury. He served in the Army’s 82nd Airborne Division during the Persian Gulf War.[9]
On his campaign website, McCormick said he would support policies that reduce China’s influence on the U.S., increase energy production in Pennsylvania, take on the culture of Washington to rein in federal spending and increase government accountability, reduce financial burdens on families, and strengthen national defense.[10][11][12][13]
Based on third quarter reports filed with the Federal Election Commission, Casey Jr. raised $52.9 million and spent $50.5 million, and McCormick raised $27.7 million and spent $26.0 million. To review all campaign finance figures in full detail, click here.
Marty Selker (Constitution Party), Leila Hazou (G), John Thomas (L), Hussein Tartour-Aguirre (Independent), and Quincy Magee (Independent, Write-in) also ran in the November general election.
For more information about the primaries in this election, click on the links below:
- United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 2024 (April 23 Democratic primary)
- United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 2024 (April 23 Republican primary)
Election news
This section includes a timeline of events leading up to and following the election.
- November 22, 2024: The Pennsylvania Department of State called off the recount. According to Spotlight PA the department told county election officials in an email that counties that had not yet completed their recounts were not required to do so.[14]
- November 21, 2024: Casey conceded to McCormick.[15]
- November 20, 2024: Nov. 20 was the deadline for counties to begin their recounts. The deadline for counties to complete their recounts was slated for Nov. 26.
- November 18, 2024: The Pennsylvania Supreme Court issued an order clarifying that undated or wrongly dated ballots "shall not be counted for purposes of the election held on November 5, 2024."[16]
- November 14, 2024: McCormick filed two lawsuits, while the Republican National Committee (RNC) filed one. All three lawsuits were related to undated or wrongly dated mail-in ballots. McCormick filed against the Bucks County Board of Elections seeking to block the counting of 405 mail-in ballots submitted with date errors on the outer envelope after the board voted 2-1 to count such ballots.[17] He also filed a lawsuit against the Centre County Board of Elections challenging the counting of three such mail-in ballots.[18] The RNC filed a lawsuit in the Pennsylvania Supreme Court against all 67 county boards of elections in the state asking the court to reaffirm decisions earlier in the year that blocked or partially blocked counties from counting undated or wrongly dated mail-in ballots in the cases Baxter v. Philadelphia County Board of Elections and New PA Project Education Fund v. Schmidt.[19] In addition to Bucks County, election boards in Centre, Philadelphia, and Montgomery counties had voted to count such ballots.[20]
- Nov. 13, 2024: Secretary of the Commonwealth Al Schmidt (R) announced that the unofficial results to the Nov. 5 general election triggered a legally required statewide recount.[1]
- November 12, 2024: The RNC asked the Pennsylvania Supreme Court to reconsider the case Baxter v. Philadelphia Board of Elections in full after the court granted an RNC request to pause a lower court ruling allowing the counting of some undated or wrongly date mail-in ballot on November 1.[21]
- November 8, 2024: McCormick withdrew his lawsuit against the Philadelphia County Board of Elections and its commissioners.[22]
- November 7, 2024: McCormick filed a lawsuit against the Philadelphia County Board of Elections and its commissioners seeking a change in the process for challenging provisional ballots.[22]
- Nov. 5, 2024: The general election was held.
- Aug. 29, 2024: CNN/SSRS released a poll of 789 likely voters showing Casey and McCormick tied, with both candidates at 46%. The margin of error was ±4.7 percentage points.[23]
Election recount
On Nov. 13, 2024, Secretary of the Commonwealth Al Schmidt (R) announced that the unofficial results to the Nov. 5 general election triggered a legally required statewide recount. According to that announcement, Casey and McCormick received vote totals within one-half of one percentage point, requiring the recount.[1] As of the announcement, Casey had received 3,350,972 votes or 48.5% and McCormick received 3,380,310 votes, or 48.9%, according to the Pennsylvania Department of State. [1]
After Election Day, the Casey and McCormick campaigns clashed over several issues including the counting of provisional and undated or wrongly dated mail-in ballots.[31] The Casey campaign and allies challenged several county boards' of elections decisions not to count certain provisional ballots, while the McCormick campaign and allies filed several lawsuits to prevent the counting of mail-in ballots with incorrect date information.[31]
The Department of State called off the recount after Casey conceded to McCormick on Nov. 21.[32][33]
Recount laws in Pennsylvania
- See also: Recount laws in Pennsylvania
The list below shows answers to common questions regarding recounts in Pennsylvania.[34]
- Does state law require automatic recounts?
- Yes, when the margin for a statewide office or ballot measure is less than or equal to 0.5% of the total vote. An automatic recount may be required in the event of certain discrepancies described below.
- When must an automatic recount be completed?
- No later than the first Tuesday after the third Wednesday following the election.
- Can a recount be requested?
- Yes, the recount can be requested within five days of the election or within five days after the computational canvass if requested through the court of common pleas. No margin is required and there is no set deadline for completion.
- Who pays for a requested recount?
- The requester.
- Is a refund available for requested recount costs?
- Yes. Costs paid by the requester are refunded if the recount reveals substantial error or fraud.
- Can a partial recount be requested?
- Yes.
Candidates and election results
General election
General election for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania
The following candidates ran in the general election for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania on November 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | David McCormick (R) | 48.8 | 3,399,295 |
 | Bob Casey Jr. (D) | 48.6 | 3,384,180 | |
 | John Thomas (L)  | 1.3 | 89,653 | |
 | Leila Hazou (G) | 1.0 | 66,388 | |
 | Marty Selker (Constitution Party) | 0.3 | 23,621 | |
 | Quincy Magee (Independent) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 0 | |
 | Cory Widmann (R) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 0 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.1 | 5,598 | ||
| Total votes: 6,968,735 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Hussein Tartour-Aguirre (Independent)
- Erik Messina (American Solidarity Party)
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania
Incumbent Bob Casey Jr. advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania on April 23, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Bob Casey Jr. | 98.3 | 1,024,545 |
| Other/Write-in votes | 1.7 | 18,039 | ||
| Total votes: 1,042,584 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- William Parker (D)
- Blaine Forkner (D)
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania
David McCormick advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania on April 23, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | David McCormick | 98.2 | 878,320 |
| Other/Write-in votes | 1.8 | 16,539 | ||
| Total votes: 894,859 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Joseph Vodvarka (R)
- Cory Widmann (R)
- Tariq Parvez (R)
- Brandi Tomasetti (R)
Voting information
- See also: Voting in Pennsylvania
Candidate comparison
Candidate profiles
This section includes candidate profiles that may be created in one of two ways: either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey, or Ballotpedia staff may compile a profile based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements after identifying the candidate as noteworthy. For more on how we select candidates to include, click here.
Party: Democratic Party
Incumbent: Yes
Political Office:
- U.S. Senate (Assumed office: 2007)
- Pennsylvania Treasurer (2005-2007)
- Pennsylvania Auditor General (1997-2005)
Biography: Casey received a bachelor’s degree from The College of the Holy Cross in 1982 and a J.D. from Catholic University. Casey worked as a teacher and a lawyer in Scranton, Pennsylvania, before running for elected office.
Show sources
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania in 2024.
Party: Republican Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Biography: McCormick received a bachelor's degree from the United States Military Academy at West Point and a Ph.D. in international affairs from Princeton University. He worked as the CEO of Bridgewater Associates, an investment management firm, and under secretary in both the Department of Commerce and Department of Treasury. He served in the Army’s 82nd Airborne Division during the Persian Gulf War.
Show sources
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania in 2024.
Party: Constitution Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Submitted Biography: "Since my birth in 1957, Clarion County has always been my home. Within the embrace of our family enterprise alongside my father and uncle, I learned the value of hard work. When we lost my father, my brother and I stepped up to lead the business until its closure in 2010. Post-family business, I’ve laid bricks and mortar as a construction worker and currently keep the wheels turning as a truck driver for the natural gas sector. Which Pennsylvania has the second largest Natural Gas reserves in the world. My heart lies in the wilderness, where fishing, hunting, and camping are my retreats. My family is my pride—with a loving wife since 1985, three children, and five grandchildren to cherish. The 2020 election ignited my political activism, steering me towards the Constitution Party and their dedication to representing citizens without the influence of super PACs, foreign, or corporate funding resonated with. They are solely supported by the people’s contributions and adhere to the Constitution’s principles. In these pivotal times, it’s the hour for deeds, not just words."
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania in 2024.
Party: Libertarian Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Submitted Biography: "I am a husband, father, grandfather, educator, Christian, and church elder. I live in the small town of Kittanning in Armstrong County, PA. About 4,000 of my neighbors call Kittanning home. While our “Greatest City in the World,” is a small town, it's nearly twice as large as my hometown of Meyersdale, in Somerset County. I'd like to bring my small-town values to the US Senate. We believe in hard work and personal responsibility. When someone falls on hard times, our communities voluntarily come together to support. Bake sales, spaghetti dinners, and silent auctions provide a safety net in our towns, without government red tape. I have been an educator for 20 years. I have taught economics, history, geography, and government. Currently, I coordinate teacher professional development for Agora Cyber Charter School. My passion as an educator drove me to run for U.S. Senate. I recognize that running as a Libertarian does not put me into a winning position. But I am not going to be one of those politicians who lies to voters about my prospects; I know they are low. Running for U.S. Senate will allow me to educate Pennsylvanians about libertarianism and expand the window of allowable opinion. Too often, Democrats and Republicans restrict the range of opinion. They allow us to debate whether the top marginal income tax rate should be 37% or 42%. But they do not allow the discussion to be whether we ought to have an income tax. I intend to have forbidden discussions."
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania in 2024.
Party: Republican Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Submitted Biography: "I was born and raised in Pennsylvania, USA. I have a strong love for America and the values that bound us together. I believe in law & order with a strong police force keeping our streets safe and setting good examples for our citizenry. I believe in the American dream and it's still accessible today. I will not waiver in the fight for what I believe in."
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania in 2024.
Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses
Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. The section below shows responses from candidates in this race who completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.
Survey responses from candidates in this race
Click on a candidate's name to visit their Ballotpedia page.
Note: Ballotpedia reserves the right to edit Candidate Connection survey responses. Any edits made by Ballotpedia will be clearly marked with [brackets] for the public. If the candidate disagrees with an edit, he or she may request the full removal of the survey response from Ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia does not edit or correct typographical errors unless the candidate's campaign requests it.
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Marty Selker (Constitution)
Protect the Constitution.
Protecting the American family.
John Thomas (L)
Prosperity - Stop Inflation
Pennsylvania - Protect Civil Liberties
Cory Widmann (R)
Strong National Defense to protect us from threats foreign & domestic.
Setting good moral standards is paramount to our success.
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
— “The Law” by Frederick Bastiat — “Economics in One Lesson” by Henry Hazlitt — “Anatomy of the State” by Murray Rothbard
Additionally, I have written a short, quick-read ebook explaining libertarian views on current issues: https://linktr.ee/johnthomaspa. It is a free download; please help yourself!
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Oftentimes, elections are centered on the issues of the day. However, tomorrow's issues might look very different. Voters need assurance that their senators will respond appropriately to future issues, as well as to current ones. A person who is grounded in a solid philosophical rationale for his or her positions sends a message of trustworthiness to constituents.
Sound character is important, because even if one is grounded in philosophical truths, voters need to trust that their elected officials will stand on those truths, especially when personal incentives tempt them to stray.
You will not have to guess with me. I will stand on the side of small government, personal responsibility, and individual freedom every time. Not only is this the position that will lead to the most prosperity for America, but it's also the position that is most morally sound.
I believe that my message of political and economic freedom will resound with people who desire peace and prosperity in Pennsylvania. It will resonate with people who are tired of government overreach and being fed the same-old, same-old empty promises. Your vote for me will send a message to Washington that we are ready to roll back government!
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
The first historical event I really remember processing was the 1992 presidential election, when I was 13. I glued myself to the TV for speeches, conventions, and the horse race political polling. Ross Perot made a strong third-party run on a single issue, balancing the federal budget. At the time, nobody thought the federal budget could be balanced. In fact, few in Washington thought they could cut the rate of growth. Ross Perot said it should be balanced completely.
He got nineteen percent of the vote. He lost. But his issue did not lose; his issue came alive!
Both parties recognized that they could not win without Perot’s voters, so in 1994, Republicans added a balanced budget to their “Contract with America,” and in 1996, Bill Clinton signed it into law.
The impossible happened. Nineteen percent of voters changed history!
This is why I tell people I don't plan on winning the election, but I still hope to get their votes. We don't need to do something impossible to change the world. We need to do something within our grasp. We need to be bold and consistent and vote for that bold, consistent message.
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
My first paying job was at my grandparent's restaurant as a dishwasher. I got paid $4.25 per hour, and my mother told me before my first day of work, "You are being paid to work. If you go in and slack off, you are stealing. You are not giving your grandparents what they paid for. I didn't raise a thief.” I held that job throughout high school.
If Pennsylvania elects me to cut the size of government, I will work until the job is done. My mom didn't raise a thief.
Cory Widmann (R)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
So, we would have a choice between corrupt senators, who will rob you live on C-SPAN, or corrupt Washington insiders, who will rob you behind your back, in the dark corners of the Capitol Building.
Wanting to limit congressional terms stems from recognizing the corruption that career politicians display. However, we must be careful that the cure is not worse than the disease.
When there is a strict separation between economy and state, most Congresspeople, unable to exploit their position to make themselves wealthy, will choose to limit their own time in office.
In the meantime, I suggest that the voters limit the time of their own Senators and Congress people, by refusing to vote for them.
If I am elected, and if I do not carry through with my promises to cut government, I beg you to not reelect me. The power to limit terms of senators is already in your hands. Crooked politicians try to trick the people into thinking they don't already have this power. I want to remind you that you already have this power over your Senators!
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Look at Boaz from the Bible. Before he was married, he was ruthless.
(It takes a bit of Biblical literacy to get the punchline.)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Cory Widmann (R)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Marty Selker (Constitution)
John Thomas (L)
Some well-intended politicians have tried to add layers upon layers of regulations to prevent this type of profiteering. However, this simply makes it more complicated for the people - who ought to be holding politicians accountable - to respond. In fact, these regulations have created a new group in the wealthy class: those who help politicians navigate the laws to still make their millions.
If we were to return to a place where Congress had only the powers listed for them by the Constitution, we would then be able to have that strict separation between economy and state. Their hands would be tied. Politicians couldn’t raise the value of one stock, or drop the value of another by changing regulations. Politicians couldn’t crush the competition of an established business, to protect their investments. They wouldn’t have these powers. They would only have the powers granted to them in the Constitution.
Campaign ads
Bob Casey Jr.
| July 10, 2024 |
| June 26, 2024 |
| June 25, 2024 |
View more ads here:
David McCormick
| July 3, 2024 |
| July 2, 2024 |
| June 26, 2024 |
View more ads here:
Debates and forums
This section includes links to debates, forums, and other similar events where multiple candidates in this race participated. If you are aware of any debates or forums that should be included, please email us.
Polls
- See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls
Polls are conducted with a variety of methodologies and have margins of error or credibility intervals.[35] The Pew Research Center wrote, "A margin of error of plus or minus 3 percentage points at the 95% confidence level means that if we fielded the same survey 100 times, we would expect the result to be within 3 percentage points of the true population value 95 of those times."[36] For tips on reading polls from FiveThirtyEight, click here. For tips from Pew, click here.
Below we provide results for polls that are included in polling aggregation from FiveThirtyEight and RealClearPolitics, when available. Click here to read about FiveThirtyEight's criteria for including polls in its aggregation. We only report polls for which we can find a margin of error or credibility interval.
| United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 2024, general election polls | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Date | Casey
|
McCormick
|
Undecided/Other | Margin of error | Sample size[37] | Sponsor[38] |
| AtlasIntel | Nov. 3-4, 2024 | 49% | 47% | 4% | ±2 | 1,840 | N/A |
| Research Co. | Nov. 2-3, 2024 | 48% | 46% | 6% | ±4.6 | 450 | N/A |
| Trafalgar Group[39] | Nov. 1-3, 2024 | 46% | 47% | 7% | ±2.9 | 1089 | N/A |
| Patriot Polling | Nov. 2-3, 2024 | 50% | 49% | 1% | ±3 | 903 | N/A |
| InsiderAdvantage | Nov. 1-2, 2024 | 48% | 47% | 5% | ±3.5 | 800 | N/A |
| Click [show] to see older poll results | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Date | Casey
|
McCormick
|
Undecided/Other | Margin of error | Sample size[40] | Sponsor[41] | ||||||||||||
| CNN/SSRS | Aug. 23-29, 2024 | 46% | 46% | 8% | ±4.7 | 789 | N/A | ||||||||||||
| Emerson College | Aug. 25-28, 2024 | 48% | 44% | 8% | ±3.6 | 950 | The Hill | ||||||||||||
| ActiVote | Aug. 3-23, 2024 | 55% | 45% | – | ±4.9 | 400 | N/A | ||||||||||||
| Fabriazo Wizard | Aug. 19-21, 2024 | 46% | 43% | 11% | ±4.9 | 400 | Pinpoint Policy Institute | ||||||||||||
| Cygnal | Aug. 14-15, 2024 | 46% | 42% | 12% | ±3.4 | 800 | N/A | ||||||||||||
| The New York Times and YouGov | July 4-July 12, 2024 | 50% | 38% | 12% | ±3.4 | 1000 | N/A | ||||||||||||
| The New York Times and Siena College | July 9-July 11, 2024 | 50% | 42% | 8% | ±3.7 | 872 | N/A | ||||||||||||
| Remington Research Group | June 29-July 1, 2024 | 49% | 48% | 4% | ±3.1 | 1,000 | American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers | ||||||||||||
| Cygnal | June 27-June 28, 2024 | 46% | 42% | 12% | ±3.5 | 800 | N/A | ||||||||||||
| The Bullfinch Group | June 14-June 19, 2024 | 48% | 36% | 14% | ±3.5 | 800 | Commonwealth Foundation | ||||||||||||
Race ratings
- See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:
- Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
- Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
- Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[42]
- Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.
Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[43][44][45]
| Race ratings: U.S. Senate election in Pennsylvania, 2024 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race tracker | Race ratings | ||||||||
| November 5, 2024 | October 29, 2024 | October 22, 2024 | October 15, 2024 | ||||||
| The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter | Toss-up | Toss-up | Toss-up | Lean Democratic | |||||
| Decision Desk HQ and The Hill | Toss-up | Lean Democratic | Lean Democratic | Lean Democratic | |||||
| Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales | Tilt Democratic | Tilt Democratic | Tilt Democratic | Tilt Democratic | |||||
| Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball | Lean Democratic | Lean Democratic | Lean Democratic | Lean Democratic | |||||
| Note: Ballotpedia reviews external race ratings every week throughout the election season and posts weekly updates even if the media outlets have not revised their ratings during that week. | |||||||||
Noteworthy endorsements
This section lists noteworthy endorsements issued in this election, including those made by high-profile individuals and organizations, cross-party endorsements, and endorsements made by newspaper editorial boards. It also includes a bulleted list of links to official lists of endorsements for any candidates who published that information on their campaign websites. Please note that this list is not exhaustive. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please click here.
| General election endorsements | |
|---|---|
| Endorser | Bob Casey Jr.
|
| Organizations | |
| Democratic Majority for Israel PAC source | ✔ |
Election spending
Campaign finance
| Name | Party | Receipts* | Disbursements** | Cash on hand | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bob Casey Jr. | Democratic Party | $64,886,757 | $64,379,734 | $995,040 | As of December 31, 2024 |
| David McCormick | Republican Party | $35,970,837 | $35,373,179 | $605,478 | As of December 31, 2024 |
| Cory Widmann | Republican Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available*** |
| Marty Selker | Constitution Party | $16,259 | $16,259 | $0 | As of December 12, 2024 |
| Leila Hazou | Green Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | As of September 30, 2024 |
| John Thomas | Libertarian Party | $4,854 | $2,026 | $2,828 | As of September 30, 2024 |
| Quincy Magee | Independent | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available*** |
|
Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2024. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." |
|||||
As of Oct. 28, 2024, the two major party candidates had the 13th largest difference in terms of total money raised between major party Senate candidates and the 12th largest difference in terms of total spending. Click here to learn more.
Satellite spending
- See also: Satellite spending
Satellite spending describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.[46][47]
If available, satellite spending reports by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and OpenSecrets.org are linked below. FEC links include totals from monthly, quarterly, and semi-annual reports. OpenSecrets.org compiles data from those reports as well as 24- and 48-hour reports from the FEC.[48]
Details about satellite spending of significant amounts and/or reported by media are included below those links. The amounts listed may not represent the total satellite spending in the election. To notify us of additional satellite spending, email us.
| By candidate | By election |
|---|---|
Election context
Ballot access requirements
The table below details filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates in Pennsylvania in the 2024 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Pennsylvania, click here.
| Filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates, 2024 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Office | Party | Signatures required | Filing fee | Filing deadline | Source |
| Pennsylvania | U.S. Senate | Ballot-qualified party | 2,000 | $200.00 | 2/13/2024 | Source |
| Pennsylvania | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 2% of the largest entire vote cast for any elected statewide candidate in the last election | $200.00 | 8/1/2024 | Source |
Election history
The section below details election results for this state's U.S. Senate elections dating back to 2016.
2022
General election
General election for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania
The following candidates ran in the general election for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania on November 8, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | John Fetterman (D) | 51.2 | 2,751,012 |
 | Mehmet Oz (R) | 46.3 | 2,487,260 | |
 | Erik Chase Gerhardt (L) | 1.4 | 72,887 | |
 | Richard Weiss (G) | 0.6 | 30,434 | |
 | Daniel Wassmer (Keystone Party of Pennsylvania) | 0.5 | 26,428 | |
| Quincy Magee (Independent) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 0 | |
 | Ronald Johnson (Constitution Party) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 0 | |
| Total votes: 5,368,021 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Everett Stern (Independent)
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania
John Fetterman defeated Conor Lamb, Malcolm Kenyatta, and Alexandria Khalil in the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania on May 17, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | John Fetterman | 58.6 | 753,557 |
 | Conor Lamb | 26.3 | 337,498 | |
 | Malcolm Kenyatta | 10.8 | 139,393 | |
 | Alexandria Khalil | 4.2 | 54,460 | |
| Total votes: 1,284,908 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Walter Sluzynsky (D)
- John McGuigan (D)
- Kyle Norton (D)
- Alan Shank (D)
- Larry Johnson (D)
- Kevin Baumlin (D)
- Sharif Street (D)
- Valerie Arkoosh (D)
- Lew Tapera (D)
- Eric Orts (D)
- Kael Dougherty (D)
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania
The following candidates ran in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania on May 17, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Mehmet Oz | 31.2 | 420,168 |
| David McCormick | 31.1 | 419,218 | |
 | Kathy Barnette | 24.7 | 331,903 | |
 | Carla Sands | 5.4 | 73,360 | |
 | Jeff Bartos | 5.0 | 66,684 | |
 | Sean Gale | 1.5 | 20,266 | |
 | George Bochetto | 1.1 | 14,492 | |
| Total votes: 1,346,091 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- John Debellis (R)
- Max Richardson (R)
- John Eichenberg (R)
- Vince Fusca (R)
- Martin Rosenfeld (R)
- Bobby Jeffries (R)
- Richard Mulholland (R)
- Sean Parnell (R)
- Ronald Johnson (R)
- Craig Snyder (R)
- David Xu (R)
2018
General election
General election for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania
Incumbent Bob Casey Jr. defeated Lou Barletta, Dale Kerns, and Neal Gale in the general election for U.S. Senate Pennsylvania on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Bob Casey Jr. (D) | 55.7 | 2,792,437 |
 | Lou Barletta (R) | 42.6 | 2,134,848 | |
 | Dale Kerns (L) | 1.0 | 50,907 | |
 | Neal Gale (G) | 0.6 | 31,208 | |
| Total votes: 5,009,400 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
2016
The race for Pennsylvania's U.S. Senate seat was one of nine competitive battleground races in 2016 that helped Republicans keep control of the upper chamber after the November 8 general election. Incumbent Pat Toomey (R), who began serving in the Senate in 2011, defeated Katie McGinty (D), Edward Clifford III (L), and write-in candidate Everett Stern (I) in the general election.
Toomey ran his campaign separately from Donald Trump, and he did not tell people who he would vote for on Election Day. Toomey said, “You know, I’m not campaigning with Donald Trump. He’s running his campaign. I’m running mine.”[49][50][51]
Hillary Clinton, who campaigned with McGinty in October, criticized Toomey for not rejecting Trump as his party’s nominee. She said, “How much does he have to hear or to see? If he doesn’t have the courage to stand up against Donald Trump after all of this, then how will he stand up to special interests and powerful forces that are going to be trying to have their way in Washington?”[51]
Speaking about his campaign strategy, Toomey said, “I am convinced that Pennsylvania voters are going to make a complete separation in their minds. … There’s a presidential race going on, quite obviously, lots of attention, lots of focus, everybody’s got their opinion about it, and then there’s a totally separate thing happening in the Senate race — an incumbent senator most people know and an opponent. Totally separate campaign and totally separate judgment.”[51] Toomey stated on Election Day that he voted for Trump.[52]
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican |  Pat Toomey Incumbent |
48.8% | 2,951,702 | |
| Democratic | Katie McGinty | 47.3% | 2,865,012 | |
| Libertarian | Edward Clifford | 3.9% | 235,142 | |
| Total Votes | 6,051,856 | |||
| Source: Pennsylvania Department of State | ||||
| Candidate | Vote % | Votes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Katie McGinty |
42.5% | 669,774 | ||
| Joe Sestak | 32.6% | 513,221 | ||
| John Fetterman | 19.5% | 307,090 | ||
| Joseph Vodvarka | 5.4% | 85,837 | ||
| Total Votes | 1,575,922 | |||
| Source: Pennsylvania Department of State |
||||
Election analysis
Click the tabs below to view information about demographics, past elections, and partisan control of the state.
- Presidential elections - Information about presidential elections in the state.
- Statewide elections - Information about recent U.S. Senate and gubernatorial elections in the state.
- State partisanship - The partisan makeup of the state's congressional delegation and state government.
- Demographics - Information about the state's demographics and how they compare to the country as a whole.
Cook PVI by congressional district
| Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index for Pennsylvania, 2024 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| District | Incumbent | Party | PVI |
| Pennsylvania's 1st | Brian Fitzpatrick |  Republican |
Even |
| Pennsylvania's 2nd | Brendan Boyle |  Democratic |
D+20 |
| Pennsylvania's 3rd | Dwight Evans | Democratic |
D+39 |
| Pennsylvania's 4th | Madeleine Dean | Democratic |
D+7 |
| Pennsylvania's 5th | Mary Gay Scanlon | Democratic |
D+14 |
| Pennsylvania's 6th | Chrissy Houlahan | Democratic |
D+5 |
| Pennsylvania's 7th | Susan Wild | Democratic |
R+2 |
| Pennsylvania's 8th | Matt Cartwright | Democratic |
R+4 |
| Pennsylvania's 9th | Dan Meuser | Republican |
R+21 |
| Pennsylvania's 10th | Scott Perry | Republican |
R+5 |
| Pennsylvania's 11th | Lloyd Smucker | Republican |
R+13 |
| Pennsylvania's 12th | Summer Lee | Democratic |
D+8 |
| Pennsylvania's 13th | John Joyce | Republican |
R+25 |
| Pennsylvania's 14th | Guy Reschenthaler | Republican |
R+18 |
| Pennsylvania's 15th | Glenn Thompson | Republican |
R+21 |
| Pennsylvania's 16th | Mike Kelly | Republican |
R+13 |
| Pennsylvania's 17th | Christopher Deluzio | Democratic |
Even |
2020 presidential results by 2024 congressional district lines
| 2020 presidential results in congressional districts based on 2024 district lines, Pennsylvania[53] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Joe Biden
|
Donald Trump
| ||
| Pennsylvania's 1st | 51.8% | 47.2% | ||
| Pennsylvania's 2nd | 71.0% | 28.3% | ||
| Pennsylvania's 3rd | 90.2% | 9.3% | ||
| Pennsylvania's 4th | 58.9% | 40.0% | ||
| Pennsylvania's 5th | 65.7% | 33.4% | ||
| Pennsylvania's 6th | 56.8% | 42.0% | ||
| Pennsylvania's 7th | 49.7% | 49.1% | ||
| Pennsylvania's 8th | 48.0% | 50.9% | ||
| Pennsylvania's 9th | 31.0% | 67.5% | ||
| Pennsylvania's 10th | 47.2% | 51.3% | ||
| Pennsylvania's 11th | 38.6% | 59.9% | ||
| Pennsylvania's 12th | 59.4% | 39.5% | ||
| Pennsylvania's 13th | 26.8% | 72.0% | ||
| Pennsylvania's 14th | 33.7% | 65.2% | ||
| Pennsylvania's 15th | 30.8% | 67.8% | ||
| Pennsylvania's 16th | 39.0% | 59.7% | ||
| Pennsylvania's 17th | 52.3% | 46.5% | ||
2012-2020
How a state's counties vote in a presidential election and the size of those counties can provide additional insights into election outcomes at other levels of government including statewide and congressional races. Below, four categories are used to describe each county's voting pattern over the 2012, 2016, and 2020 presidential elections: Solid, Trending, Battleground, and New. Click [show] on the table below for examples:
| County-level voting pattern categories | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | |||||||
| Status | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | ||||
| Solid Democratic | D | D | D | ||||
| Trending Democratic | R | D | D | ||||
| Battleground Democratic | D | R | D | ||||
| New Democratic | R | R | D | ||||
| Republican | |||||||
| Status | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | ||||
| Solid Republican | R | R | R | ||||
| Trending Republican | D | R | R | ||||
| Battleground Republican | R | D | R | ||||
| New Republican | D | D | R | ||||
Following the 2020 presidential election, 47.2% of Pennsylvanians lived in one of the state's 10 Solid Democratic counties, which voted for the Democratic presidential candidate in every election from 2012 to 2020, and 41.7% lived in one of 53 Solid Republican counties. Overall, Pennsylvania was Battleground Democratic, having voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2012, Donald Trump (R) in 2016, and Joe Biden (D) in 2020. Use the table below to view the total number of each type of county in Pennsylvania following the 2020 election as well as the overall percentage of the state population located in each county type.
| Pennsylvania county-level statistics, 2020 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solid Democratic | 10 | 47.2% | |||||
| Solid Republican | 53 | 41.7% | |||||
| Battleground Democratic | 2 | 4.5% | |||||
| Trending Democratic | 1 | 4.1% | |||||
| Trending Republican | 1 | 2.5% | |||||
| Total voted Democratic | 13 | 55.8% | |||||
| Total voted Republican | 54 | 44.2% | |||||
Historical voting trends
Pennsylvania presidential election results (1900-2020)
- 14 Democratic wins
- 16 Republican wins
- 1 other win
| Year | 1900 | 1904 | 1908 | 1912 | 1916 | 1920 | 1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1940 | 1944 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960 | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winning Party | R | R | R | P[54] | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | R | R | R | D | D | D | R | D | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | D |
This section details the results of the five most recent U.S. Senate and gubernatorial elections held in the state.
U.S. Senate elections
The table below details the vote in the five most recent U.S. Senate races in Pennsylvania.
| U.S. Senate election results in Pennsylvania | ||
|---|---|---|
| Race | Winner | Runner up |
| 2022 | 51.2% |
46.3%
|
| 2018 | 55.7% |
42.6%
|
| 2016 | 48.9% |
47.2%
|
| 2012 | 53.7% |
44.6%
|
| 2010 | 51.0% |
49.0%
|
| Average | 53.6 | 44.9 |
Gubernatorial elections
- See also: Governor of Pennsylvania
The table below details the vote in the five most recent gubernatorial elections in Pennsylvania.
| Gubernatorial election results in Pennsylvania | ||
|---|---|---|
| Race | Winner | Runner up |
| 2022 | 56.5% |
41.7%
|
| 2018 | 57.8% |
40.7%
|
| 2014 | 54.9% |
45.1%
|
| 2010 | 54.5% |
45.5%
|
| 2006 | 60.3% |
39.6%
|
| Average | 56.2 | 43.1 |
Congressional delegation
The table below displays the partisan composition of Pennsylvania's congressional delegation as of May 2024.
| Congressional Partisan Breakdown from Pennsylvania | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | Total |
| Democratic | 1 | 7 | 8 |
| Republican | 1 | 10 | 11 |
| Independent | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Vacancies | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 2 | 17 | 19 |
State executive
The table below displays the officeholders in Pennsylvania's top four state executive offices as of May 2024.
| State executive officials in Pennsylvania, May 2024 | |
|---|---|
| Office | Officeholder |
| Governor | Josh Shapiro
|
| Lieutenant Governor | Austin Davis
|
| Secretary of State | Al Schmidt
|
| Attorney General | Michelle Henry
|
State legislature
Pennsylvania State Senate
| Party | As of February 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 22 | |
| Republican Party | 28 | |
| Independent | 0 | |
| Other | 0 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 50 | |
Pennsylvania House of Representatives
| Party | As of February 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 101 | |
| Republican Party | 100 | |
| Other | 0 | |
| Vacancies | 2 | |
| Total | 203 | |
Trifecta control
The table below shows the state's trifecta status from 1992 until the 2024 election.
Pennsylvania Party Control: 1992-2024
One year of a Democratic trifecta • Twelve years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
| Senate | R | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| House | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D |
The table below details demographic data in Pennsylvania and compares it to the broader United States as of 2022.
| Demographic Data for Pennsylvania | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pennsylvania | United States | |
| Population | 13,002,700 | 331,449,281 |
| Land area (sq mi) | 44,741 | 3,531,905 |
| Race and ethnicity** | ||
| White | 77.1% | 65.9% |
| Black/African American | 10.8% | 12.5% |
| Asian | 3.6% | 5.8% |
| Native American | 0.2% | 0.8% |
| Pacific Islander | 0% | 0.2% |
| Other (single race) | 3.1% | 6% |
| Multiple | 5.1% | 8.8% |
| Hispanic/Latino | 8.1% | 18.7% |
| Education | ||
| High school graduation rate | 91.7% | 89.1% |
| College graduation rate | 33.8% | 34.3% |
| Income | ||
| Median household income | $73,170 | $75,149 |
| Persons below poverty level | 8% | 8.8% |
| Source: population provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "Decennial Census" (2020). Other figures provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2017-2022). | ||
| **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. | ||
2024 battleground elections
- See also: Battlegrounds
This was a battleground election. Other 2024 battleground elections included:
- Alabama's 2nd Congressional District election, 2024 (April 16 Democratic primary runoff)
- Los Angeles Unified School District, California, elections (2024)
- New Jersey's 9th Congressional District election, 2024 (June 4 Democratic primary)
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Pa.gov, "Unofficial Results in U.S. Senate Race Trigger Legally Required Automatic State Recount," November 13, 2024
- ↑ X,"Bob Casey Jr.," November 21, 2024
- ↑ Spotlight PA, "Pennsylvania calls off recount in U.S. Senate race after Casey concedes to McCormick," November 22, 2024
- ↑ Bob Casey U.S. Senator for Pennsylvania, "About Bob," accessed July 16, 2024
- ↑ Britannica, "Bob Casey Jr.," accessed July 16, 2024
- ↑ C-SPAN, "Bob Casey Jr.," accessed July 16, 2024
- ↑ Bob Casey U.S. Senate, "Meet Bob," accessed July 16, 2024
- ↑ Bob Casey, U.S. Senator for Pennsylvania, "Casey: National Security Bill “Sends Clear Message to Our Adversaries," April 23, 2024
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 McCormick U.S. Senate, "Meet Dave," accessed July 16, 2024
- ↑ McCormick U.S. Senate, "Confronting China," accessed July 16, 2024
- ↑ McCormick U.S. Senate, "Unleashing PA Energy," accessed July 16, 2024
- ↑ McCormick U.S. Senate, "Shaking Up Washington," accessed July 16, 2024
- ↑ McCormick U.S. Senate, "Supporting Families," accessed July 16, 2024
- ↑ Spotlight PA, "Pennsylvania calls off recount in U.S. Senate race after Casey concedes to McCormick," November 22, 2024
- ↑ WPVI-TV, "Casey concedes to McCormick in Pa. Senate race that went to statewide recount," November 21, 2024
- ↑ https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-11-18-Per-Curiam-Order.pdf Democracy Docket, "Pennsylvania Supreme Court, November 18 Order in No. 136 MM 2024", November 18, 2024]
- ↑ Democracy Docket, "Pennsylvania Bucks County Undated or Wrongly Dated Mail-in Ballots Challenge," accessed November 15, 2024
- ↑ Democracy Docket, "Pennsylvania Centre County Undated or Wrongly Dated Mail-in Ballots Challenge," accessed November 15, 2024
- ↑ Democracy Docket, "Pennsylvania Undated and Wrongly Dated Mail-in Ballots Challenge (RNC)," accessed November 15, 2024
- ↑ The New York Times, "In Pennsylvania, the Election Litigation Continues, With a Twist," November 17, 2024
- ↑ Democracy Docket, "Pennsylvania Philadelphia Undated and Wrongly Dated Mail-in Ballots Challenge," accessed November 15, 2024
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Democracy Docket, "Pennsylvania Philadelphia County Provisional Ballot Global Challenge Request," accessed November 15, 2024 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "suit1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ CNN Politics, "CNN polls across six battlegrounds find Georgia and Pennsylvania are key toss-ups," September 4, 2024
- ↑ Emerson College, "August 2024 Swing State Polls: Toss-up Presidential Election in Swing States," August 29, 2024
- ↑ Casey Has Significantly Lead in Pennsylvania," August 23, 2024
- ↑ Pinpoint, "Blue Wall Survey," August 1, 2024
- ↑ Cygnal, "Pennsylvania Poll: Despite political turbulence, McCormick remains within striking distance of Casey," August 15, 2024
- ↑ YouGov, "The Times / SAY Poll," July 15, 2024
- ↑ The New York Times, "Toplines: July 2024 Times/Siena Poll of Registered Voters in Pennsylvania," July 15, 2024
- ↑ American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM), "Voter Sentiment on Gas Car Ban and EV Mandate Policies Nationally and in Key States," July 8, 2024
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 The Philadelphia Inquirer, "Pennsylvania’s Senate race is now playing out in county board rooms and the courtroom" November 15, 2024
- ↑ X,"Bob Casey Jr.," November 21, 2024
- ↑ Spotlight PA, "Pennsylvania calls off recount in U.S. Senate race after Casey concedes to McCormick," November 22, 2024
- ↑ WestLaw, "Chapter 14. Election Code," accessed April 12, 2024
- ↑ For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.
- ↑ Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016
- ↑ RV=Registered Voters
LV=Likely Voters - ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
- ↑ Trafalgar Group is a partisan pollster for the Republican party.
- ↑ RV=Registered Voters
LV=Likely Voters - ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
- ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed December 12, 2021
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed December 12, 2021
- ↑ Amee LaTour, Email correspondence with the Center for Responsive Politics, August 5, 2022
- ↑ Real Clear Politics, "Pennsylvania: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein," accessed October 24, 2016
- ↑ Real Clear Politics, "Pennsylvania Senate - Toomey vs. McGinty," accessed October 24, 2016
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 The Los Angeles Times, "A Republican Senator's strategy to save his seat in one of the country's tightest races: Avoid Trump," accessed October 24, 2016
- ↑ The New York Times, "Patrick Toomey Wins Re-election in Pennsylvania Senate Race," accessed November 11, 2016
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' presidential results by congressional district for 2020, 2016, and 2012," accessed December 15, 2023
- ↑ Progressive Party
