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==List of independent federal agencies==
==List of independent federal agencies==
The May 2013 edition of the ''Sourcebook'' identified the following 66 federal agencies that demonstrate the characteristics of an independent federal agency:<ref name=source/>
The May 2018 edition of the ''Sourcebook'' identified the following 80 federal agencies that demonstrate the characteristics of an independent federal agency:<ref>[https://www.acus.gov/sites/default/files/documents/ACUS%20Sourcebook%20of%20Executive%20Agenices%202d%20ed.%20508%20Compliant.pdf ''Administrative Conference of the United States'', "Sourcebook of United States Executive Agencies - Second Edition," October 2018]</ref>
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*[[Administrative Conference of the United States]]
*[[Administrative Conference of the United States]]
*[[Board of Veterans' Appeals (VA)]]
*AMTRAK
*Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation
*[[Broadcasting Board of Governors]]
*[[Broadcasting Board of Governors]]
*[[U.S. Chemical Safety Board]]
*[[Central Intelligence Agency]]
*[[U.S. Chemical Safety Board|Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board]]
*[[Commodity Futures Trading Commission]]
*[[Commodity Futures Trading Commission]]
*[[Consumer Financial Protection Bureau]]
*[[Consumer Product Safety Commission]]
*[[Consumer Product Safety Commission]]
*[[Corporation for National Community Service]]
*[[Corporation for National Community Service]]
*[[Corporation for Public Broadcasting]]
*[[Corporation for Public Broadcasting]]
*[[Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board]]
*[[Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board]]
*Election Assistance Commission
*[[Environmental Protection Agency]]
*[[Equal Employment Opportunity Commission]]
*[[Equal Employment Opportunity Commission]]
*[[Export-Import Bank of the United States]]
*[[Export-Import Bank of the United States]]
*[[Farm Credit Administration]]
*[[Farm Credit Administration]]
*Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation
*[[Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation]]
*[[Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation]]
*[[Federal Communications Commission]]
*[[Federal Communications Commission]]
*[[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation]]
*[[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation]]
*[[Federal Election Commission]]
*[[Federal Election Commission]]
*[[Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (DOE)]]
*Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund Board
*[[Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund Board]]
*[[Federal Housing Finance Agency]]
*[[Federal Labor Relations Authority]]
*[[Federal Labor Relations Authority]]
*[[Federal Maritime Commission]]
*[[Federal Maritime Commission]]
*Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
*[[Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission]]
*[[Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission]]
*Federal National Mortgage Association
*Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund and the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund
*[[U.S. Federal Reserve System|Federal Reserve System]]
*[[U.S. Federal Reserve System|Federal Reserve System]]
*[[Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board]]
*Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board
*[[Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund Board]]
*Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund Board
*[[Federal Trade Commission]]
*[[Federal Trade Commission]]
*[[Foreign Claims Settlement Commission (DOJ)]]
*[[General Services Administration]]
*[[Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation]]
*Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation
*[[Institute of American Indian Arts]]
*Institute of Museum and Library Services
*[[Inter-American Foundation]]
*Inter-American Foundation
*[[Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board (DTRS)]]
*James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation
*[[James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation]]
*[[Legal Services Corporation]]
*[[Legal Services Corporation]]
*Marine Mammal Commission
*[[Merit Systems Protection Board]]
*[[Merit Systems Protection Board]]
*[[Metropolitan Washington Airport Authority]]
*Millennium Challenge Corporation
*Millennium Challenge Corporation
*Mississippi River Commission
*Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Foundation
*Morris K. Udall Scholarship Foundation
*National Aeronautics and Space Administration
*National Archives and Records Administration
*National Association of Registered Agents and Brokers
*National Consumer Cooperative Bank
*National Consumer Cooperative Bank
*National Council on Disability
*[[National Credit Union Administration]]
*[[National Credit Union Administration]]
*National Indian Gaming Commission (INT)
*National Endowment of the Arts
*National Institute of Building Sciences
*National Institute of Building Sciences
*National Labor Relations Board
*[[National Labor Relations Board]]
*National Mediation Board
*National Mediation Board
*National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK)
*National Science Foundation
*National Security Education Board
*National Transportation Safety Board
*National Transportation Safety Board
*Nuclear Regulatory Commission
*Nuclear Regulatory Commission
*Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission
*Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission
*Office of Acquisition Policy
*Office of Government Ethics
*[[Office of Personnel Management]]
*Office of Special Counsel
*Office of the Director of National Intelligence
*Overseas Private Investment Corporation
*Overseas Private Investment Corporation
*Peace Corps
*Postal Regulatory Commission
*Postal Regulatory Commission
*Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board
*Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board
*Puerto Rico Financial Oversight and Management Board
*Railroad Retirement Board
*Railroad Retirement Board
*[[Securities and Exchange Commission]]
*[[Securities Investor Protection Corporation]]
*[[Securities Investor Protection Corporation]]
*[[Securities and Exchange Commission]]
*[[Small Business Administration]]
*[[Social Security Administration]]
*Social Security Advisory Board
*Social Security Advisory Board
*State Justice Institute
*State Justice Institute
*Surface Transportation Board (DOT)
*Surface Transportation Board (DOT)
*Tennessee Valley Authority
*Tennessee Valley Authority
*Trade and Development Agency
*U.S. African Development Foundation
*U.S. African Development Foundation
*U.S. Election Assistance Commission
*U.S. Institute of Peace
*U.S. Institute of Peace
*U.S. International Trade Commission
*U.S. International Trade Commission
*U.S. Parole Commission (DOJ)
*U.S. Postal Service
*U.S. Postal Service
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{{colend}}

Revision as of 19:33, 29 February 2024

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Independent federal agency is a term used to describe an executive agency that operates with some degree of autonomy from the executive branch. These agencies are generally headed by a commission or board made up of five to seven members. According to the Sourcebook of United States Executive Agencies, a study produced by the Administrative Conference of the United States and Vanderbilt University, independent federal agencies generally fall into one of the two following categories:[1][2][3]

  • An independent federal agency may be defined as any agency established outside of the Executive Office of the President or the 15 executive departments. Since these agencies are not required to report to a higher official within the executive branch, such as a department secretary, they may be considered independent.
  • An independent federal agency may also be defined as an agency in which the top official has cause removal protections and, therefore, is insulated from political interference by the president or other elected officials. According to the Sourcebook, cause removal protections ensure that "political appointees cannot be removed except 'for cause,' 'inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office,' or similar language."

Humphrey's Executor v. United States

See also: Humphrey's Executor v. United States

In Humphrey's Executor v. United States, a 1935 case before the U.S. Supreme Court regarding the president's authority to remove an official of the Federal Trade Commission, the Supreme Court identified the following characteristics of an independent federal agency:

“ Such a body cannot in any proper sense be characterized as an arm or an eye of the executive. Its duties are performed without executive leave, and, in the contemplation of the statute, must be free from executive control. To the extent that it exercises any executive function -- as distinguished from executive power in the constitutional sense -- it does so in the discharge and effectuation of its quasi-legislative or quasi-judicial powers, or as an agency of the legislative or judicial departments of the Government.[4][5] ”

List of independent federal agencies

The May 2018 edition of the Sourcebook identified the following 80 federal agencies that demonstrate the characteristics of an independent federal agency:[6]

See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Breger, Marshall J. and Edles, Gary J. (2015). Independent Agencies in the United States: Law, Structure, and Politics New York, New York: Oxford University Press. (pages 1-7)
  2. ↑ Administrative Conference of the United States, "Sourcebook of United States Executive Agencies," May 2013
  3. ↑ JUSTIA, "Independent Agencies," accessed July 5, 2018
  4. ↑ JUSTIA, "Humphrey's Executor v. United States 295 U.S. 602 (1935)," accessed July 18, 2017
  5. ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  6. ↑ Administrative Conference of the United States, "Sourcebook of United States Executive Agencies - Second Edition," October 2018
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