Florida's 1st Congressional District

Florida's 1st Congressional District

Incumbent

Jimmy Patronis

Assumed office: April 2, 2025

Florida's 1st Congressional District in the United States House of Representatives is represented by Jimmy Patronis (R).

As of the 2020 Census, Florida representatives represented an average of 770,376 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 700,029 residents.

Elections

2025

See also: Florida's 1st Congressional District special election, 2025

A special election to fill the seat representing Florida's 1st Congressional District in the U.S. House was held in 2025. Primaries were scheduled for January 28, 2025. The general election was held April 1, 2025. The filing deadline was December 6, 2024.

The special election filled the vacancy left by Matt Gaetz (R), who resigned from office after being selected by Donald Trump (R) to be his nominee for attorney general. Gaetz later withdrew himself from consideration for the position.

General election

Special general election for U.S. House Florida District 1

The following candidates ran in the special general election for U.S. House Florida District 1 on April 1, 2025.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Jimmy Patronis (R)	56.9	97,370
		Gay Valimont (D)	42.3	72,375
		Stephen E. Broden (No Party Affiliation)	0.8	1,384
		Stanley Gray (No Party Affiliation) (Write-in)	0.1	88
		Stan McDaniels (No Party Affiliation) (Write-in)	0.0	31
		Richard Dembinsky (No Party Affiliation) (Write-in)	0.0	0

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 171,248
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Tevin Channing Minus (No Party Affiliation)
• Alan Aversa (No Party Affiliation)
• Jonathan Green (No Party Affiliation)
• Tyler Davis (No Party Affiliation)

Democratic primary election

The Democratic primary election was canceled. Gay Valimont advanced from the special Democratic primary for U.S. House Florida District 1.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• C. Marcel Davis (D)

Republican primary election

Special Republican primary for U.S. House Florida District 1

The following candidates ran in the special Republican primary for U.S. House Florida District 1 on January 28, 2025.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Jimmy Patronis	65.7	33,742
		Joel Rudman	9.9	5,099
		Aaron Dimmock	6.7	3,423
		Gene Valentino	6.0	3,093
		Michael Dylan Thompson	5.0	2,548
		Greg Merk	2.5	1,287
	Submit photo	Jeff Peacock	1.4	743
		Kevin Gaffney	1.2	634
		John Mills	1.1	574
	Submit photo	Jeff Macey	0.4	187

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 51,330
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Christopher Slater (R)
• Cindy Meadows (R)
• Jeff Witt (R)
• Uloma Ekpete Kama (R)
• Eric Hafner (R)
• Angela Marie Walls-Windhauser (R)
• Scott Trotter (R)

2024

See also: Florida's 1st Congressional District election, 2024

Florida's 1st Congressional District election, 2024 (August 20 Republican primary)

Florida's 1st Congressional District election, 2024 (August 20 Democratic primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House Florida District 1

Incumbent Matt Gaetz defeated Gay Valimont in the general election for U.S. House Florida District 1 on November 5, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Matt Gaetz (R)	66.0	274,108
		Gay Valimont (D)	34.0	140,980

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 415,088
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

The Democratic primary election was canceled. Gay Valimont advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Florida District 1.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Florida District 1

Incumbent Matt Gaetz defeated Aaron Dimmock in the Republican primary for U.S. House Florida District 1 on August 20, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Matt Gaetz	72.6	70,824
		Aaron Dimmock	27.4	26,788

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 97,612
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• William McPhillips (R)
• Todd Jennings (R)
• Christine Santiago (R)
• John Mills (R)

2022

See also: Florida's 1st Congressional District election, 2022

General election

General election for U.S. House Florida District 1

Incumbent Matt Gaetz defeated Rebekah Jones in the general election for U.S. House Florida District 1 on November 8, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Matt Gaetz (R)	67.9	197,349
		Rebekah Jones (D)	32.1	93,467

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 290,816
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Florida District 1

Rebekah Jones defeated Margaret Schiller in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Florida District 1 on August 23, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Rebekah Jones	62.6	21,875
		Margaret Schiller	37.4	13,091

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 34,966
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Florida District 1

Incumbent Matt Gaetz defeated Mark Lombardo and Greg Merk in the Republican primary for U.S. House Florida District 1 on August 23, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Matt Gaetz	69.7	73,374
		Mark Lombardo	24.4	25,720
		Greg Merk	5.9	6,170

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 105,264
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Jeremy Kelly (R)
• Bryan Jones (R)
• William McPhillips (R)

2020

See also: Florida's 1st Congressional District election, 2020

General election

General election for U.S. House Florida District 1

Incumbent Matt Gaetz defeated Phil Ehr and Albert Oram in the general election for U.S. House Florida District 1 on November 3, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Matt Gaetz (R)	64.6	283,352
		Phil Ehr (D)	34.0	149,172
	Submit photo	Albert Oram (No Party Affiliation)	1.4	6,038

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 438,562
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Democratic primary election

The Democratic primary election was canceled. Phil Ehr advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Florida District 1.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Cheryl Howard (D)

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Florida District 1

Incumbent Matt Gaetz defeated John Mills and Greg Merk in the Republican primary for U.S. House Florida District 1 on August 18, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Matt Gaetz	80.9	87,457
		John Mills	9.6	10,383
		Greg Merk	9.5	10,227

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 108,067 (100.00% precincts reporting)
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Chase Anderson Romagnano (R)
• Emily Rosas (R)

2018

See also: Florida's 1st Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House Florida District 1

Incumbent Matt Gaetz defeated Jennifer Zimmerman in the general election for U.S. House Florida District 1 on November 6, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Matt Gaetz (R)	67.1	216,189
		Jennifer Zimmerman (D)	32.9	106,199

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 322,388 (100.00% precincts reporting)
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Florida District 1

Jennifer Zimmerman defeated Phil Ehr in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Florida District 1 on August 28, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Jennifer Zimmerman	60.5	22,422
		Phil Ehr	39.5	14,650

---

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 37,072
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Florida District 1

Incumbent Matt Gaetz defeated Cris Dosev and John Mills in the Republican primary for U.S. House Florida District 1 on August 28, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Matt Gaetz	64.8	65,203
		Cris Dosev	30.2	30,433
		John Mills	5.0	4,992

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 100,628
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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2016

See also: Florida's 1st Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Jeff Miller did not seek re-election in 2016. Matt Gaetz (R) defeated Steven Specht (D) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Gaetz defeated Brian Frazier, James Zumwalt, Rebekah Johansen Bydlak, Cris Dosev, Mark Wichern, and Greg Evers in the Republican primary on August 30, 2016.

U.S. House, Florida District 1 General Election, 2016

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Matt Gaetz	69.1%	255,107
	Democratic	Steven Specht	30.9%	114,079
Total Votes				369,186
Source: Florida Division of Elections

U.S. House, Florida District 1 Republican Primary, 2016

Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Matt Gaetz	36.1%	35,689
Greg Evers	21.8%	21,540
Cris Dosev	20.9%	20,610
Rebekah Bydlak	7.8%	7,689
James Zumwalt	7.8%	7,660
Brian Frazier	3.9%	3,817
Mark Wichern	1.8%	1,798
Total Votes		98,803
Source: Florida Division of Elections

2014

See also: Florida's 1st Congressional District elections, 2014

The 1st Congressional District of Florida held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Jeff Miller (R) defeated James Bryan (D) and Mark Wichern (I) in the general election.

U.S. House, Florida District 1 General Election, 2014

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Jeff Miller Incumbent	70.1%	165,086
	Democratic	James Bryan	23.4%	54,976
	Independent	Mark Wichern	6.5%	15,281
Total Votes				235,343
Source: Florida Division of Elections

2012

See also: Florida's 1st Congressional District elections, 2012

The 1st Congressional District of Florida held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 6, 2012. Incumbent Jeff Miller won re-election in the district.

U.S. House, Florida District 1 General Election, 2012

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Jeff Miller Incumbent	69.6%	238,440
	Democratic	James Bryan	27.1%	92,961
	Libertarian	Calen Fretts	3.3%	11,176
	Write-In	William Drummond II	0%	17
Total Votes				342,594
Source: Florida Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"

2010
On November 2, 2010, Jeff Miller won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Joe Cantrell (Independent), John Krause (Independent) and Jim Bryan (Write-in) in the general election.

U.S. House, Florida District 1 General Election, 2010
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Jeff Miller incumbent	80%	170,821
	Independent	Joe Cantrell	10.9%	23,250
	Independent	John Krause	8.5%	18,253
	Write-in	Jim Bryan	0.6%	1,202
Total Votes				213,526

2008
On November 4, 2008, Jeff Miller won re-election to the United States House. He defeated James "Jim" Bryan (D) in the general election.

U.S. House, Florida District 1 General Election, 2008
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Jeff Miller incumbent	70.2%	232,559
	Democratic	James "Jim" Bryan	29.8%	98,797
Total Votes				331,356

2006
On November 7, 2006, Jeff Miller won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Joe Roberts (D) in the general election.

U.S. House, Florida District 1 General Election, 2006
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Jeff Miller incumbent	68.5%	135,786
	Democratic	Joe Roberts	31.5%	62,340
Total Votes				198,126

2004
On November 2, 2004, Jeff Miller won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Mark S. Coutu (D) in the general election.

U.S. House, Florida District 1 General Election, 2004
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Jeff Miller incumbent	76.5%	236,604
	Democratic	Mark Coutu	23.5%	72,506
Total Votes				309,110

2002
On November 5, 2002, Jeff Miller won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Bert Oram (D) and Tom Wells (Write-in) in the general election.

U.S. House, Florida District 1 General Election, 2002
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Jeff Miller incumbent	74.6%	152,635
	Democratic	Bert Oram	25.4%	51,972
	Write-in	Tom Wells	0%	19
Total Votes				204,626

2001 special
On October 16, 2001, Jeff Miller won election to the United States House. He defeated four candidates in the special general election.

U.S. House, Florida District 1 Special election, 2001
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Jeff Miller	69.6%	53,247
	Democratic	Steve Briese	29.7%	22,695
	No Party Affiliation	John G. Ralls Jr.	0.7%	515
	Write-in	Floyd Miller	0%	4
	Write-in	Tom Wells	0%	10
Total Votes				76,471
Source: Results via Florida Secretary of State

2000
On November 7, 2000, Joe Scarborough won re-election to the United States House. He ran unopposed in the general election.

U.S. House, Florida District 1 General Election, 2000
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Joe Scarborough incumbent	99.5%	226,473
	N/A	Write-in	0.5%	1,066
Total Votes				227,539

Redistricting

2020-2024

See also: Redistricting in Florida after the 2020 census

On March 27, 2024, the U.S. District Court for Northern Florida upheld the state's congressional map after it was struck down by a lower court on Sep. 2, 2023. As a result, this map was used for Florida's 2024 congressional elections. According to the U.S. District Court for Northern Florida's order:

“

This case involves constitutional challenges to the congressional districting map proposed by Governor Ron DeSantis and enacted by the Florida Legislature in 2022 ... Plaintiffs had to prove both discriminatory effects and a discriminatory purpose. They proved neither. Thus, [we] concur in the decision to grant judgment in the Secretary’s favor.

”

On December 1, 2023, the Florida First District Court of Appeal ruled 8-2 that the redistricting plan did not unconstitutionally limit Black voting power. The plaintiffs appealed to the Florida Supreme Court, which heard arguments on September 12, 2024.

On September 2, 2023, Leon County Circuit Court Judge J. Lee Marsh struck down enacted North Florida congressional districts and ordered the Legislature to redraw district boundaries. On June 2, 2022, the Florida Supreme Court had declined to block Florida's enacted congressional map, which Governor Ron DeSantis (R) signed into law on April 22.

The Florida First District Court of Appeal had reinstated the congressional district boundaries on May 20, overruling Leon County Circuit Court Judge Layne Smith's temporary hold on the map. On May 11, Smith issued an order declaring Florida's enacted congressional map unconstitutional, saying, "The enacted map is unconstitutional under the Fair District amendment. It diminishes African-Americans’ ability to elect the representative of their choice." Smith also said a map drawn by a court-appointed special master should be substituted for the enacted map in the 2022 elections. The plaintiffs in the case filed an emergency appeal with the Florida Supreme Court on May 23, 2022, seeking a hold on the enacted congressional map.

DeSantis signed the original congressional map into law on April 22, 2022. The map bill was proposed and approved by the Florida State Legislature during a special session called for the purposes of redistricting. The Florida State Senate voted 24-15 to approve the map on April 20, and the Florida House of Representatives voted 68-34 to approve the map on April 21.

This was the second congressional map bill approved by the state legislature. DeSantis vetoed the first on March 29. Republican leaders in the legislature said on April 11 that they would wait to receive a map from DeSantis to support. DeSantis submitted a map to the legislature on April 13, which became the enacted map.

How does redistricting in Florida work? In Florida, both congressional and state legislative district lines are drawn by the state legislature. Congressional lines are adopted as regular legislation and are subject to gubernatorial veto. State legislative lines are passed via joint resolution and are not subject to gubernatorial veto. State legislative district maps are automatically submitted to the Florida Supreme Court for approval. In the event that the court rejects the lines, the legislature is given a second chance to draft a plan. If the legislature cannot approve a state legislative redistricting plan, the state attorney general must ask the state supreme court to draft a plan. There are no similar procedures in place for congressional districts.

The Florida Constitution requires that all districts, whether congressional or state legislative, be contiguous. Also, "where doing so does not conflict with minority rights, [districts] must be compact and utilize existing political and geographical boundaries where feasible." Districts cannot be drawn in such a way as to "favor or disfavor a political party or incumbent."

Florida District 1
until January 2, 2023

Click a district to compare boundaries.

Florida District 1
starting January 3, 2023

Click a district to compare boundaries.

2010-2011

This is the 1st Congressional District of Florida after the 2001 redistricting process.

See also: Redistricting in Florida after the 2010 census

In 2011, the Florida State Legislature re-drew the congressional districts based on updated population information from the 2010 census. Prior to redistricting the 1st District covered the state's western Panhandle. The district included all of Escambia, Holmes, Washington, and Santa Rosa counties and portions of Okaloosa and Walton counties. The district was anchored in Pensacola and also included Fort Walton Beach and stretched along the Redneck Riveria.

District analysis

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index

See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores

2026

Heading into the 2026 elections, based on results from the 2024 and 2020 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district is R+18. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 18 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Florida's 1st the 43rd most Republican district nationally.

2024

Heading into the 2024 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+19. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 19 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Florida's 1st the 45th most Republican district nationally.

Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Donald Trump (R) would have defeated Joe Biden (D) 65.3%-33.0%.

2022

Heading into the 2022 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+19. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 19 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Florida's 1st the 45th most Republican district nationally.

Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Joe Biden (D) would have received 33.0% of the vote in this district and Donald Trump (R) would have received 65.3%.

2018

Heading into the 2018 elections, based on results from the 2016 and 2012 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+22. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 22 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Florida's 1st Congressional District the 28th most Republican nationally.

FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 0.95. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 0.95 points toward that party.

See also

• Redistricting in Florida
• Florida's 1st Congressional District election, 2024
• Florida's 1st Congressional District election, 2022
• Florida's 1st Congressional District election, 2020
• Florida's 1st Congressional District election, 2018

External links

• GovTrack District 1

Footnotes

[show]

Florida's current delegation to the United States Congress

Senators

Ashley Moody (R)

Rick Scott (R)

Representatives

District 1

Jimmy Patronis (R)

District 2

Neal Dunn (R)

District 3

Kat Cammack (R)

District 4

Aaron Bean (R)

District 5

John Rutherford (R)

District 6

Randy Fine (R)

District 7

Cory Mills (R)

District 8

Mike Haridopolos (R)

District 9

Darren Soto (D)

District 10

Maxwell Frost (D)

District 11

Daniel Webster (R)

District 12

Gus Bilirakis (R)

District 13

Anna Luna (R)

District 14

Kathy Castor (D)

District 15

Laurel Lee (R)

District 16

Vern Buchanan (R)

District 17

Greg Steube (R)

District 18

Scott Franklin (R)

District 19

Byron Donalds (R)

District 20

Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (D)

District 21

Brian Mast (R)

District 22

Lois Frankel (D)

District 23

Jared Moskowitz (D)

District 24

Frederica Wilson (D)

District 25

Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D)

District 26

Mario Diaz-Balart (R)

District 27

Maria Elvira Salazar (R)

District 28

Carlos Gimenez (R)

Republican Party (22)

Democratic Party (8)