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Harry S. Truman's address to joint session of Congress (April 16, 1945)

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President Harry S. Truman
Presidential addresses
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Historical addresses:

On April 16, 1945, President Harry S. Truman delivered an address to a joint session of Congress at 1:00 p.m. EST. Truman gave the address shortly after the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt, using it to commemorate the deceased president and assure victory in the ongoing war.[1]

The president can deliver a joint address before both the House of Representatives and Senate upon invitation from both chambers. This is typically done by presidents in order to speak on specific topics.

Joint sessions require both chambers to pass concurrent resolutions to conduct formal business. [2]

Truman’s address to a joint session of Congress

Audio

The following is a recording of the original radio broadcast:

Transcript

The following text is a transcript of Truman's address, as prepared for delivery:

Mr. Speaker, Mr. President, Members of the Congress:

It is with a heavy heart that I stand before you, my friends and colleagues, in the Congress of the United States.

Only yesterday, we laid to rest the mortal remains of our beloved President, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. At a time like this, words are inadequate. The most eloquent tribute would be a reverent silence.

Yet, in this decisive hour, when world events are moving so rapidly, our silence might be misunderstood and might give comfort to our enemies.

In His infinite wisdom, Almighty God has seen fit to take from us a great man who loved, and was beloved by, all humanity.

No man could possibly fill the tremendous void left by the passing of that noble soul. No words can ease the aching hearts of untold millions of every race, creed and color. The world knows it has lost a heroic champion of justice and freedom.

Tragic fate has thrust upon us grave responsibilities. We must carry on. Our departed leader never looked backward. He looked forward and moved forward. That is what he would want us to do. That is what America will do.

So much blood has already been shed for the ideals which we cherish, and for which Franklin Delano Roosevelt lived and died, that we dare not permit even a momentary pause in the hard fight for victory.

Today, the entire world is looking to America for enlightened leadership to peace and progress. Such a leadership requires vision, courage and tolerance. It can be provided only by a united nation deeply devoted to the highest ideals.

With great humility I call upon all Americans to help me keep our nation united in defense of those ideals which have been so eloquently proclaimed by Franklin Roosevelt.

I want in turn to assure my fellow Americans and all of those who love peace and liberty throughout the world that I will support and defend those ideals with all my strength and all my heart. That is my duty and I shall not shirk it.

So that there can be no possible misunderstanding, both Germany and Japan can be certain, beyond any shadow of a doubt, that America will continue the fight for freedom until no vestige of resistance remains!

We are deeply conscious of the fact that much hard fighting is still ahead of us.

Having to pay such a heavy price to make complete victory certain, America will never become a party to any plan for partial victory!

To settle for merely another temporary respite would surely jeopardize the future security of all the world.

Our demand has been, and it remains--Unconditional Surrender!

We will not traffic with the breakers of the peace on the terms of the peace.

The responsibility for making of the peace--and it is a very grave responsibility--must rest with the defenders of the peace. We are not unconscious of the dictates of humanity. We do not wish to see unnecessary or unjustified suffering. But the laws of God and of man have been violated and the guilty must not go unpunished. Nothing shall shake our determination to punish the war criminals even though we must pursue them to the ends of the earth.

Lasting peace can never be secured if we permit our dangerous opponents to plot future wars with impunity at any mountain retreat-however distant.

In this shrinking world, it is futile to seek safety behind geographical barriers. Real security will be found only in law and in justice.

Here in America, we have labored long and hard to achieve a social order worthy of our great heritage. In our time, tremendous progress has been made toward a really democratic way of life. Let me assure the forward-looking people of America that there will be no relaxation in our efforts to improve the lot of the common people.

In the difficult days ahead, unquestionably we shall face problems of staggering proportions. However, with the faith of our fathers in our hearts, we do not fear the future.

On the battlefields, we have frequently faced overwhelming odds-and won! At home, Americans will not be less resolute!

We shall never cease our struggle to preserve and maintain our American way of life.

At this moment, America, along with her brave Allies, is paying again a heavy price for the defense of our freedom. With characteristic energy, we are assisting in the liberation of entire nations. Gradually, the shackles of slavery are being broken by the forces of freedom.

All of us are praying for a speedy victory. Every day peace is delayed costs a terrible toll.

The armies of liberation today are bringing to an end Hitler's ghastly threat to dominate the world. Tokyo rocks under the weight of our bombs.

The grand strategy of the United Nations' war has been determined-due in no small measure to the vision of our departed Commander in Chief. We are now carrying out our part of that strategy under the able direction of Admiral Leahy, General Marshall, Admiral King, General Arnold, General Eisenhower, Admiral Nimitz and General MacArthur.

I want the entire world to know that this direction must and will remain--unchanged and unhampered!

Our debt to the heroic men and valiant women in the service of our country can never be repaid. They have earned our undying gratitude. America will never forget their sacrifices. Because of these sacrifices, the dawn of justice and freedom throughout the world slowly casts its gleam across the horizon.

Our forefathers came to our rugged shores in search of religious tolerance, political freedom and economic opportunity. For those fundamental rights, they risked their lives. We well know today that such rights can be preserved only by constant vigilance, the eternal price of liberty!

Within an hour after I took the oath of office, I announced that the San Francisco Conference would proceed.1 We will face the problems of peace with the same courage that we have faced and mastered the problems of war.

1See note to Item 1.

In the memory of those who have made the supreme sacrifice--in the memory of our fallen President--we shall not fail!

It is not enough to yearn for peace. We must work, and if necessary, fight for it. The task of creating a sound international organization is complicated and difficult. Yet, without such organization, the rights of man on earth cannot be protected. Machinery for the just settlement of international differences must be found. Without such machinery, the entire world will have to remain an armed camp. The world will be doomed to deadly conflict, devoid of hope for real peace.

Fortunately, people have retained hope for a durable peace. Thoughtful people have always had faith that ultimately justice must triumph. Past experience surely indicates that, without justice, an enduring peace becomes impossible.

In bitter despair, some people have come to believe that wars are inevitable. With tragic fatalism, they insist that wars have always been, of necessity, and of necessity wars always will be. To such defeatism, men and women of good will must not and can not yield. The outlook for humanity is not so hopeless.

During the dark hours of this horrible war, entire nations were kept going by something intangible--hope! When warned that abject submission offered the only salvation against overwhelming power, hope showed the way to victory.

Hope has become the secret weapon of the forces of liberation!

Aggressors could not dominate the human mind. As long as hope remains, the spirit of man will never be crushed.

But hope alone was not and is not sufficient to avert war. We must not only have hope but we must have faith enough to work with other peace-loving nations to maintain the peace. Hope was not enough to beat back the aggressors as long as the peace-loving nations were unwilling to come to each other's defense. The aggressors were beaten back only when the peace-loving nations united to defend themselves.

If wars in the future are to be prevented the nations must be united in their determination to keep the peace under law.

Nothing is more essential to the future peace of the world than continued cooperation of the nations which had to muster the force necessary to defeat the conspiracy of the Axis powers to dominate the world.

While these great states have a special responsibility to enforce the peace, their responsibility is based upon the obligations resting upon all states, large and small, not to use force in international relations except in the defense of law. The responsibility of the great states is to serve and not to dominate the world.

To build a foundation of enduring peace we must not only work in harmony with our friends abroad, but we must have the united support of our own people.

Even the most experienced pilot cannot bring a ship safely into harbor, unless he has the full cooperation of the crew. For the benefit of all, every individual must do his duty.

I appeal to every American, regardless of party, race, creed, or color, to support our efforts to build a strong and lasting United Nations Organization.

You, the Members of the Congress, surely know how I feel. Only with your help can I hope to complete one of the greatest tasks ever assigned to a public servant. With Divine guidance, and your help, we will find the new passage to a far better world, a kindly and friendly world, with just and lasting peace.

With confidence, I am depending upon all of you.

To destroy greedy tyrants with dreams of world domination, we cannot continue in successive generations to sacrifice our finest youth.

In the name of human decency and civilization, a more rational method of deciding national differences must and will be found!

America must assist suffering humanity back along the path of peaceful progress. This will require time and tolerance. We shall need also an abiding faith in the people, the kind of faith and courage which Franklin Delano Roosevelt always had!

Today, America has become one of the most powerful forces for good on earth. We must keep it so. We have achieved a world leadership which does not depend solely upon our military and naval might.

We have learned to fight with other nations in common defense of our freedom. We must now learn to live with other nations for our mutual good. We must learn to trade more with other nations so that there may be for our mutual advantage--increased production, increased employment and better standards of living throughout the world.

May we Americans all live up to our glorious heritage.

In that way, America may well lead the world to peace and prosperity.

At this moment, I have in my heart a prayer. As I have assumed my heavy duties, I humbly pray Almighty God, in the words of King Solomon:

"Give therefore thy servant an understanding heart to judge thy people, that I may discern between good and bad; for who is able to judge this thy so great a people?"

I ask only to be a good and faithful servant of my Lord and my people.[3]

—President Harry S. Truman (D), April 16, 1945 [1]

Designated survivor

For some speeches, a member of the president's Cabinet is chosen to stay in an undisclosed location outside of Washington, D.C. to assume the presidency in case of an attack on Congress, the president, and other high-ranking officials.

While designated survivors have been chosen since at least the 1960s, the federal government did not begin revealing the identity of the designated survivor to the public until 1984.[4]

Background

The following table provides a list of annual and other presidential addresses delivered to joint sessions of Congress between 1790 and 2025. It does not include inaugurations. Click the link in the Occasion or topic column to read more about each address. The information was compiled from the U.S. House of Representatives Office of the Historian.[5]

  • President Woodrow Wilson (D), whose administration overlapped with World War I, delivered the most addresses: 23.
  • President Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) followed with 19 addresses, which included a joint speech with the ambassador of France in 1934 and an address read before Congress on his behalf in 1945. World War II took place during his administration.
  • President Harry S. Truman had the third-most addresses at 16. His administration covered the end of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War.
  • Among presidents who served between 1981 and 2025, Presidents Ronald Reagan (R) and Barack Obama (D) delivered the most addresses with 11 and 10, respectively.
Presidential addresses to joint sessions of Congress
Date Session of Congress Occasion or topic President and other speaking dignitaries
March 4, 2025 119th Congress Address President Donald J. Trump
March 7, 2024 118th Congress State of the Union Address President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.
February 7, 2023 118th Congress State of the Union Address President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.
March 1, 2022 117th Congress State of the Union Address President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.
April 28, 2021 117th Congress Address President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.
Feb. 4, 2020 116th Congress State of the Union Address President Donald J. Trump
Feb. 5, 2019 116th Congress State of the Union Address President Donald J. Trump
Jan. 30, 2018 115th Congress State of the Union Address President Donald J. Trump
Feb. 28, 2017 115th Congress Address President Donald J. Trump
Jan. 12, 2016 114th Congress State of the Union Address President Barack H. Obama
Jan. 20, 2015 114th Congress State of the Union Address President Barack H. Obama
Jan. 28, 2014 113th Congress State of the Union Address President Barack H. Obama
Feb. 12, 2013 113th Congress State of the Union Address President Barack H. Obama
Jan. 24, 2012 112th Congress State of the Union Address President Barack H. Obama
Sept. 8, 2011 112th Congress Address on American Jobs Act President Barack H. Obama
Jan. 25, 2011 112th Congress State of the Union Address President Barack H. Obama
Jan. 27, 2010 111th Congress State of the Union Address President Barack H. Obama
Sept. 8, 2009 111th Congress Address on Health Care Reform President Barack H. Obama
Feb. 24, 2009 111th Congress Address President Barack H. Obama
Jan. 28, 2008 110th Congress State of the Union Address President George W. Bush
Jan. 23, 2007 110th Congress State of the Union Address President George W. Bush
Jan. 31, 2006 109th Congress State of the Union Address President George W. Bush
Feb. 2, 2005 109th Congress State of the Union Address President George W. Bush
Jan. 20, 2004 108th Congress State of the Union Address President George W. Bush.
Jan. 28, 2003 108th Congress State of the Union Address President George W. Bush.
Jan. 29, 2002 107th Congress State of the Union Address President George W. Bush.
Sept. 20, 2001 107th Congress Address on the War on Terrorism President George W. Bush.
Feb. 27, 2001 107th Congress Budget Message President George W. Bush.
Jan. 27, 2000 106th Congress State of the Union Address President William J. Clinton.
Jan. 19, 1999 106th Congress State of the Union Address President William J. Clinton.
Jan. 27, 1998 105th Congress State of the Union Address President William J. Clinton.
Feb. 4, 1997 105th Congress State of the Union Address President William J. Clinton.
Jan. 23, 1996 104th Congress State of the Union Address President William J. Clinton.
Jan. 24, 1995 104th Congress State of the Union Address President William J. Clinton.
Jan. 25, 1994 103rd Congress State of the Union Address President William J. Clinton.
Sept. 22, 1993 103rd Congress Address on Health Care Reform President William J. Clinton.
Feb. 17, 1993 103rd Congress Economic Address President William J. Clinton.
Jan. 28, 1992 102nd Congress State of the Union Address President George Bush.
Mar. 6, 1991 102nd Congress Conclusion of Persian Gulf War President George Bush.
Jan. 29, 1991 102nd Congress State of the Union Address President George Bush.
Sept. 11, 1990 101st Congress Invasion of Kuwait by Iraq President George Bush.
Jan. 31, 1990 101st Congress State of the Union Address President George Bush.
Feb. 9, 1989 101st Congress Address on Building a Better America President George Bush.
Jan. 25, 1988 100th Congress State of the Union Address President Ronald Reagan.
Jan. 27, 1987 100th Congress State of the Union Address President Ronald Reagan.
Feb. 4, 1986 99th Congress State of the Union Address President Ronald Reagan.
Nov. 21, 1985 99th Congress Address on Geneva Summit President Ronald Reagan.
Feb. 6, 1985 99th Congress State of the Union Address President Ronald Reagan.
Jan. 25, 1984 98th Congress State of the Union Address President Ronald Reagan.
Apr. 27, 1983 98th Congress Address on Central America President Ronald Reagan.
Jan. 25, 1983 98th Congress State of the Union Address President Ronald Reagan.
Jan. 26, 1982 97th Congress State of the Union Address President Ronald Reagan.
Apr. 28, 1981 97th Congress Address on Economic Recovery--inflation President Ronald Reagan.
Feb. 18, 1981 97th Congress Address on Economic Recovery President Ronald Reagan.
Jan. 23, 1980 96th Congress State of the Union Address President Jimmy Carter.
June 18, 1979 96th Congress Address on Salt II agreements President Jimmy Carter.
Jan. 23, 1979 96th Congress State of the Union Address President Jimmy Carter.
Sept. 18, 1978 95th Congress Address on Middle East Peace agreements President Jimmy Carter; Joint session attended by Anwar El Sadat, President of Egypt, and by Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel.
Jan. 19, 1978 95th Congress State of the Union Address President Jimmy Carter.
Apr. 20, 1977 95th Congress Address on Energy President Jimmy Carter.
Jan. 12, 1977 95th Congress State of the Union Address President Gerald R. Ford.
Jan. 19, 1976 94th Congress State of the Union Address President Gerald R. Ford.
Apr. 10, 1975 94th Congress Address on State of the World President Gerald R. Ford.
Jan. 15, 1975 94th Congress State of the Union Address President Gerald R. Ford.
Oct. 8, 1974 93rd Congress Address on the Economy President Gerald R. Ford.
Aug. 12, 1974 93rd Congress Assumption of office President Gerald R. Ford.
Jan. 30 1974 93rd Congress State of the Union Address President Richard M. Nixon.
June 1, 1972 92nd Congress Address on Europe trip President Richard M. Nixon.
Jan. 20, 1972 92nd Congress State of the Union Address President Richard M. Nixon.
Sept. 9, 1971 92nd Congress Address on Economic policy President Richard M. Nixon.
Jan. 22, 1971 92nd Congress State of the Union Address President Richard M. Nixon.
Jan. 22, 1970 91st Congress State of the Union Address President Richard M. Nixon.
Jan. 14, 1969 91st Congress State of the Union Address President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Jan. 17, 1968 90th Congress State of the Union Address President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Jan. 10, 1967 90th Congress State of the Union Address President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Jan. 12, 1966 89th Congress State of the Union Address President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Mar. 15, 1965 89th Congress Voting rights President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Jan. 4, 1965 89th Congress State of the Union Address President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Jan. 8, 1964 88th Congress State of the Union Address President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Nov. 27, 1963 88th Congress Assumption of office President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Jan. 14, 1963 88th Congress State of the Union Address President John F. Kennedy.
Jan. 11, 1962 87th Congress State of the Union Address President John F. Kennedy.
May 25, 1961 87th Congress Urgent national needs: foreign aid, defense, civil defense, and outer space President John F. Kennedy.
Jan. 30, 1961 87th Congress State of the Union Address President John F. Kennedy.
Jan. 7, 1960 86th Congress State of the Union Address President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Jan. 9, 1959 86th Congress State of the Union Address President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Jan. 9, 1958 85th Congress State of the Union Address President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Jan. 10, 1957 85th Congress State of the Union Address President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Jan. 5, 1957 85th Congress Address on the Middle East President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Jan. 6, 1955 84th Congress State of the Union Address President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Jan. 7, 1954 83rd Congress State of the Union Address President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Feb. 2, 1953 83rd Congress State of the Union Address President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
June 10, 1952 82nd Congress Address on Steel Strike President Harry S. Truman.
Jan. 9, 1952 82nd Congress State of the Union Address President Harry S. Truman.
Jan. 8, 1951 82nd Congress State of the Union Address President Harry S. Truman.
Jan. 4, 1950 81st Congress State of the Union Address President Harry S. Truman.
Jan. 5, 1949 81st Congress State of the Union Address President Harry S. Truman.
July 27, 1948 80th Congress Address on inflation, housing, and civil rights President Harry S. Truman.
Apr. 19, 1948 80th Congress Address on 50th anniversary, liberation of Cuba President Harry S. Truman; Guillermo Belt, Ambassador of Cuba.
Mar. 17, 1948 80th Congress National security and conditions in Europe President Harry S. Truman.
Jan. 7, 1948 80th Congress State of the Union Address President Harry S. Truman.
Nov. 17, 1947 80th Congress Address on Aid to Europe President Harry S. Truman.
Mar. 12, 1947 80th Congress Address on Greek-Turkish aid policy President Harry S. Truman.
Jan. 6, 1947 80th Congress State of the Union Address President Harry S. Truman.
May 25, 1946 79th Congress Address on Railroad Strike President Harry S. Truman.
Oct. 23, 1945 79th Congress Address on Universal Military Training President Harry S. Truman.
May 21, 1945 79th Congress Address on Bestowal of Congressional Medal of Honor to Tech. Sgt. Jake William Lindsey General George C. Marshall, Chief of Staff, U.S. Army; President Harry S. Truman.
Apr. 16, 1945 79th Congress Address on Assumption of Office and War President Harry S. Truman.
Mar. 1, 1945 79th Congress Address on Yalta Conference President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 6, 1945 79th Congress Annual Message President Roosevelt was not present. His message was read before the Joint Session of Congress.
Jan. 11, 1944 78th Congress Annual Message President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 7, 1943 78th Congress Annual Message President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 6, 1942 77th Congress Annual Message President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Dec. 8, 1941 77th Congress Address on the "Day of Infamy" President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 6, 1941 77th Congress Annual Message President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
May 16, 1940 76th Congress Address on National Defense President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 3, 1940 76th Congress Annual Message President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Sept. 21, 1939 76th Congress Address on Neutrality President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Mar. 4, 1939 76th Congress Address on Sesquicentennial of the 1st Congress President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 4, 1939 76th Congress Annual Message President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 3, 1938 75th Congress Annual Message President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 6, 1937 75th Congress Annual Message President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 3, 1936 74th Congress Annual Message President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
May 22, 1935 74th Congress Address on Budget Bill Veto President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 4, 1935 74th Congress Annual Message President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
May 20, 1934 73rd Congress Address on 100th anniversary of the death of the Marquis de Lafayette Andre de Laboulaye, Ambassador of France; President Franklin Delano Roosevelt; ceremony attended by Count de Chambrun, great-grandson of Lafayette.
Jan. 3, 1934 73rd Congress Annual Message President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Feb. 22, 1932 72nd Congress Address on bicentennial of George Washington's birth President Herbert Hoover.
Dec. 6, 1932 72nd Congress Annual Message President Herbert Hoover.
Dec. 8, 1931 72nd Congress Annual Message President Herbert Hoover.
Dec. 2, 1930 71st Congress Annual Message President Herbert Hoover.
Dec. 3, 1929 71st Congress Annual Message President Herbert Hoover.
Dec. 4, 1928 70th Congress Annual Message President Calvin Coolidge.
Feb. 22, 1927 70th Congress Address on upcoming George Washington birthday bicentennial President Calvin Coolidge.
Dec. 6, 1927 70th Congress Annual Message President Calvin Coolidge.
Dec. 6, 1926 69th Congress Annual Message President Calvin Coolidge.
Dec. 8, 1925 69th Congress Annual Message President Calvin Coolidge.
Dec. 6, 1924 68th Congress Annual Message President Calvin Coolidge.
Dec. 3, 1923 68th Congress Annual Message President Calvin Coolidge.
Feb. 7, 1923 67th Congress Address on British debt due to the United States President Warren G. Harding.
Dec. 8, 1922 67th Congress Annual Message President Warren G. Harding.
Nov. 21, 1922 67th Congress Address on promotion of the American Merchant Marine President Warren G. Harding.
Aug. 18, 1922 67th Congress Address on coal and railroad strikes President Warren G. Harding.
Feb. 28, 1922 67th Congress Address on maintenance of the Merchant Marine President Warren G. Harding.
Dec. 6, 1921 67th Congress Annual Message President Warren G. Harding.
Apr. 12, 1921 67th Congress Federal problem message President Warren G. Harding.
Aug. 8, 1919 66th Congress Cost of living message President Woodrow Wilson.
Dec. 2, 1918 65th Congress Annual Message President Woodrow Wilson.
Nov. 11, 1918 65th Congress Terms of armistice signed by Germany President Woodrow Wilson.
May 27, 1918 65th Congress War finance message President Woodrow Wilson.
Feb. 11, 1918 65th Congress Peace message President Woodrow Wilson.
Jan. 8, 1918 65th Congress Program for world's peace President Woodrow Wilson.
Jan. 4, 1918 65th Congress Federal operation of transportation systems President Woodrow Wilson.
Dec. 4, 1917 65th Congress Annual Message/War with Austria-Hungary President Woodrow Wilson.
Apr. 2, 1917 65th Congress War with Germany President Woodrow Wilson.
Feb. 26, 1917 64th Congress Arming of merchant ships President Woodrow Wilson.
Feb. 3, 1917 64th Congress Severing diplomatic relations with Germany President Woodrow Wilson.
Dec. 5, 1916 64th Congress Annual Message President Woodrow Wilson.
Aug. 29, 1916 64th Congress Railroad message (labor-management dispute) President Woodrow Wilson.
Dec. 7, 1915 64th Congress Annual Message President Woodrow Wilson.
Dec. 8, 1914 63rd Congress Annual Message President Woodrow Wilson.
Sept. 4, 1914 63rd Congress War tax message President Woodrow Wilson.
Apr. 20, 1914 63rd Congress Mexico message President Woodrow Wilson.
Mar. 5, 1914 63rd Congress Panama Canal tolls President Woodrow Wilson.
Jan. 20, 1914 63rd Congress Trusts message President Woodrow Wilson.
Dec. 2, 1913 63rd Congress Annual Message President Woodrow Wilson.
Aug. 27, 1913 63rd Congress Mexican affairs message President Woodrow Wilson.
June 23, 1913 63rd Congress Currency and bank reform message President Woodrow Wilson.
Apr. 8, 1913 63rd Congress Tariff message President Woodrow Wilson.
Nov. 22, 1800 6th Congress Annual Message President John Adams.
Dec. 3, 1799 6th Congress Annual Message President John Adams.
Dec. 8, 1798 5th Congress Annual Message President John Adams.
Nov. 23, 1797 5th Congress Annual Message President John Adams.
May 16, 1797 5th Congress Relations with France President John Adams.
Dec. 7, 1796 4th Congress Annual Message President George Washington.
Dec. 8, 1795 4th Congress Annual Message President George Washington.
Nov. 19, 1794 3rd Congress Annual Message President George Washington.
Dec. 3, 1793 3rd Congress Annual Message President George Washington.
Nov. 6, 1792 2nd Congress Annual Message President George Washington.
Oct. 25, 1791 2nd Congress Annual Message President George Washington.
Dec. 8, 1790 1st Congress Annual Message President George Washington.
Jan. 8, 1790 1st Congress Annual Message President George Washington.

Footnotes