Lyndon Johnson's address to joint session of Congress (November 27, 1963)

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President Lyndon Johnson
Presidential addresses
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On Nov. 27, 1963, President Lyndon Johnson delivered an address to a joint session of Congress at 9:00 p.m. EST. Johnson spoke soon after the assassination of John F. Kennedy - he used the address to speak to Kennedy's death, including a call for the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.[1]

The president can deliver a joint address before both the House of Representatives and Senate upon invitation from both chambers. This is typically done by presidents in order to speak on specific topics.

Joint sessions require both chambers to pass concurrent resolutions to conduct formal business and are typically used for presidential addresses.[2]

Johnson’s address to a joint session of Congress

Video

Transcript

The following text is a transcript of Johnson's address, as prepared for delivery:

Mr. Speaker, Mr. President, Members of the House, Members of the Senate, my fellow Americans:

All I have I would have given gladly not to be standing here today.

The greatest leader of our time has been struck down by the foulest deed of our time. Today John Fitzgerald Kennedy lives on in the immortal words and works that he left behind. He lives on in the mind and memories of mankind. He lives on in the hearts of his countrymen.

No words are sad enough to express our sense of loss. No words are strong enough to express our determination to continue the forward thrust of America that he began.

The dream of conquering the vastness of space--the dream of partnership across the Atlantic--and across the Pacific as well-the dream of a Peace Corps in less developed nations--the dream of education for all of our children--the dream of jobs for all who seek them and need them--the dream of care for our elderly--the dream of an all-out attack on mental illness--and above all, the dream of equal rights for all Americans, whatever their race or color--these and other American dreams have been vitalized by his drive and by his dedication.

And now the ideas and the ideals which he so nobly represented must and will be translated into effective action.

Under John Kennedy's leadership, this Nation has demonstrated that it has the courage to seek peace, and it has the fortitude to risk war. We have proved that we are a good and reliable friend to those who seek peace and freedom. We have shown that we can also be a formidable foe to those who reject the path of peace and those who seek to impose upon us or our allies the yoke of tyranny.

This Nation will keep its commitments from South Viet-Nam to West Berlin. We will be unceasing in the search for peace; resourceful in our pursuit of areas of agreement even with those with whom we differ; and generous and loyal to those who join with us in common cause.

In this age when there can be no losers in peace and no victors in war, we must recognize the obligation to match national strength with national restraint. We must be prepared at one and the same time for both the confrontation of power and the limitation of power. We must be ready to defend the national interest and to negotiate the common interest. This is the path that we shall continue to pursue. Those who test our courage will find it strong, and those who seek our friendship will find it honorable. We will demonstrate anew that the strong can be just in the use of strength; and the just can be strong in the defense of justice.

And let all know we will extend no special privilege and impose no persecution. We will carry on the fight against poverty and misery, and disease and ignorance, in other lands and in our own.

We will serve all the Nation, not one section or one sector, or one group, but all Americans. These are the United States-a united people with a united purpose.

Our American unity does not depend upon unanimity. We have differences; but now, as in the past, we can derive from those differences strength, not weakness, wisdom, not despair. Both as a people and a government, we can unite upon a program, a program which is wise and just, enlightened and constructive.

For 32 years Capitol Hill has been my home. I have shared many moments of pride with you, pride in the ability of the Congress of the United States to act, to meet any crisis, to distill from our differences strong programs of national action.

An assassin's bullet has thrust upon me the awesome burden of the Presidency. I am here today to say I need your help; I cannot bear this burden alone. I need the help of all Americans, and all America. This Nation has experienced a profound shock, and in this critical moment, it is our duty, yours and mine, as the Government of the United States, to do away with uncertainty and doubt and delay, and to show that we are capable of decisive action; that from the brutal loss of our leader we will derive not weakness, but strength; that we can and will act and act now.

From this chamber of representative government, let all the world know and none misunderstand that I rededicate this Government to the unswerving support of the United Nations, to the honorable and determined execution of our commitments to our allies, to the maintenance of military strength second to none, to the defense of the strength and the stability of the dollar, to the expansion of our foreign trade, to the reinforcement of our programs of mutual assistance and cooperation in Asia and Africa, and to our Alliance for Progress in this hemisphere.

On the 20th day of January, in 1961, John F. Kennedy told his countrymen that our national work would not be finished "in the first thousand days, nor in the life of this administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But," he said, "let us begin."

Today, in this moment of new resolve, I would say to all my fellow Americans, let us continue.

This is our challenge--not to hesitate, not to pause, not to turn about and linger over this evil moment, but to continue on our course so that we may fulfill the destiny that history has set for us. Our most immediate tasks are here on this Hill.

First, no memorial oration or eulogy could more eloquently honor President Kennedy's memory than the earliest possible passage of the civil rights bill for which he fought so long. We have talked long enough in this country about equal rights. We have talked for one hundred years or more. It is time now to write the next chapter, and to write it in the books of law.

I urge you again, as I did in 1957 and again in 1960, to enact a civil rights law so that we can move forward to eliminate from this Nation every trace of discrimination and oppression that is based upon race or color. There could be no greater source of strength to this Nation both at home and abroad.

And second, no act of ours could more fittingly continue the work of President Kennedy than the early passage of the tax bill for which he fought all this long year. This is a bill designed to increase our national income and Federal revenues, and to provide insurance against recession. That bill, if passed without delay, means more security for those now working, more jobs for those now without them, and more incentive for our economy.

In short, this is no time for delay. It is a time for action--strong, forward-looking action on the pending education bills to help bring the light of learning to every home and hamlet in America--strong, forward-looking action on youth employment opportunities; strong, forward-looking action on the pending foreign aid bill, making clear that we are not forfeiting our responsibilities to this hemisphere or to the world, nor erasing Executive flexibility in the conduct of our foreign affairs--and strong, prompt, and forward-looking action on the remaining appropriation bills.

In this new spirit of action, the Congress can expect the full cooperation and support of the executive branch. And in particular, I pledge that the expenditures of your Government will be administered with the utmost thrift and frugality. I will insist that the Government get a dollar's value for a dollar spent. The Government will set an example of prudence and economy. This does not mean that we will not meet out unfilled needs or that we will not honor our commitments. We will do both.

As one who has long served in both Houses of the Congress, I firmly believe in the independence and the integrity of the legislative branch. And I promise you that I shall always respect this. It is deep in the marrow of my bones. With equal firmness, I believe in the capacity and I believe in the ability of the Congress, despite the divisions of opinions which characterize our Nation, to act--to act wisely, to act vigorously, to act speedily when the need arises.

The need is here. The need is now. I ask your help.

We meet in grief, but let us also meet in renewed dedication and renewed vigor. Let us meet in action, in tolerance, and in mutual understanding. John Kennedy's death commands what his life conveyed-that America must move forward. The time has come for Americans of all races and creeds and political beliefs to understand and to respect one another. So let us put an end to the teaching and the preaching of hate and evil and violence. Let us turn away from the fanatics of the far left and the far right, from the apostles of bitterness and bigotry, from those defiant of law, and those who pour venom into our Nation's bloodstream.

I profoundly hope that the tragedy and the torment of these terrible days will bind us together in new fellowship, making us one people in our hour of sorrow. So let us here highly resolve that John Fitzgerald Kennedy did not live--or die--in vain. And on this Thanksgiving eve, as we gather together to ask the Lord's blessing, and give Him our thanks, let us unite in those familiar and cherished words:

America, America, God shed His grace on thee, And crown thy good With brotherhood From sea to shining sea.[3]

—President Lyndon Johnson (D), Nov. 27, 1963 [1]

Designated survivor

For some speeches, a member of the president's Cabinet is chosen to stay in an undisclosed location outside of Washington, D.C. to assume the presidency in case of an attack on Congress, the president, and other high-ranking officials.

While designated survivors have been chosen since at least the 1960s, the federal government did not begin revealing the identity of the designated survivor to the public until 1984.[4]

Background

The following table provides a list of annual and other presidential addresses delivered to joint sessions of Congress between 1790 and 2026. It does not include inaugurations. Click the link in the Occasion or topic column to read more about each address. The information was compiled from the U.S. House of Representatives Office of the Historian.[5]

  • President Woodrow Wilson (D), whose administration overlapped with World War I, delivered the most addresses: 23.
  • President Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) followed with 19 addresses, which included a joint speech with the ambassador of France in 1934 and an address read before Congress on his behalf in 1945. World War II took place during his administration.
  • President Harry S. Truman had the third-most addresses at 16. His administration covered the end of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War.
  • Among presidents who served between 1981 and 2026, Presidents Ronald Reagan (R) and Barack Obama (D) delivered the most addresses with 11 and 10, respectively.
Presidential addresses to joint sessions of Congress
DateSession of CongressOccasion or topicPresident and other speaking dignitaries
February 24, 2026119th CongressState of the Union AddressPresident Donald J. Trump
March 4, 2025119th CongressAddressPresident Donald J. Trump
March 7, 2024118th CongressState of the Union AddressPresident Joseph R. Biden, Jr.
February 7, 2023118th CongressState of the Union AddressPresident Joseph R. Biden, Jr.
March 1, 2022117th CongressState of the Union AddressPresident Joseph R. Biden, Jr.
April 28, 2021117th CongressAddressPresident Joseph R. Biden, Jr.
Feb. 4, 2020116th CongressState of the Union AddressPresident Donald J. Trump
Feb. 5, 2019116th CongressState of the Union AddressPresident Donald J. Trump
Jan. 30, 2018115th CongressState of the Union AddressPresident Donald J. Trump
Feb. 28, 2017115th Congress AddressPresident Donald J. Trump
Jan. 12, 2016114th CongressState of the Union AddressPresident Barack H. Obama
Jan. 20, 2015114th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Barack H. Obama
Jan. 28, 2014113th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Barack H. Obama
Feb. 12, 2013113th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Barack H. Obama
Jan. 24, 2012112th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Barack H. Obama
Sept. 8, 2011112th Congress Address on American Jobs ActPresident Barack H. Obama
Jan. 25, 2011112th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Barack H. Obama
Jan. 27, 2010111th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Barack H. Obama
Sept. 8, 2009111th Congress Address on Health Care ReformPresident Barack H. Obama
Feb. 24, 2009111th Congress AddressPresident Barack H. Obama
Jan. 28, 2008110th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident George W. Bush
Jan. 23, 2007110th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident George W. Bush
Jan. 31, 2006109th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident George W. Bush
Feb. 2, 2005109th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident George W. Bush
Jan. 20, 2004108th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident George W. Bush.
Jan. 28, 2003108th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident George W. Bush.
Jan. 29, 2002107th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident George W. Bush.
Sept. 20, 2001107th Congress Address on the War on TerrorismPresident George W. Bush.
Feb. 27, 2001107th Congress Budget MessagePresident George W. Bush.
Jan. 27, 2000106th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident William J. Clinton.
Jan. 19, 1999106th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident William J. Clinton.
Jan. 27, 1998105th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident William J. Clinton.
Feb. 4, 1997105th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident William J. Clinton.
Jan. 23, 1996104th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident William J. Clinton.
Jan. 24, 1995104th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident William J. Clinton.
Jan. 25, 1994103rd Congress State of the Union AddressPresident William J. Clinton.
Sept. 22, 1993103rd Congress Address on Health Care ReformPresident William J. Clinton.
Feb. 17, 1993103rd Congress Economic AddressPresident William J. Clinton.
Jan. 28, 1992102nd Congress State of the Union AddressPresident George Bush.
Mar. 6, 1991102nd Congress Conclusion of Persian Gulf WarPresident George Bush.
Jan. 29, 1991102nd Congress State of the Union AddressPresident George Bush.
Sept. 11, 1990101st Congress Invasion of Kuwait by IraqPresident George Bush.
Jan. 31, 1990101st Congress State of the Union AddressPresident George Bush.
Feb. 9, 1989101st Congress Address on Building a Better AmericaPresident George Bush.
Jan. 25, 1988100th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Ronald Reagan.
Jan. 27, 1987100th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Ronald Reagan.
Feb. 4, 198699th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Ronald Reagan.
Nov. 21, 198599th Congress Address on Geneva SummitPresident Ronald Reagan.
Feb. 6, 198599th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Ronald Reagan.
Jan. 25, 198498th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Ronald Reagan.
Apr. 27, 198398th CongressAddress on Central AmericaPresident Ronald Reagan.
Jan. 25, 198398th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Ronald Reagan.
Jan. 26, 198297th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Ronald Reagan.
Apr. 28, 198197th Congress Address on Economic Recovery--inflationPresident Ronald Reagan.
Feb. 18, 198197th Congress Address on Economic RecoveryPresident Ronald Reagan.
Jan. 23, 198096th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Jimmy Carter.
June 18, 197996th Congress Address on Salt II agreementsPresident Jimmy Carter.
Jan. 23, 197996th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Jimmy Carter.
Sept. 18, 197895th Congress Address on Middle East Peace agreementsPresident Jimmy Carter; Joint session attended by Anwar El Sadat, President of Egypt, and by Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel.
Jan. 19, 197895th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Jimmy Carter.
Apr. 20, 197795th Congress Address on EnergyPresident Jimmy Carter.
Jan. 12, 197795th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Gerald R. Ford.
Jan. 19, 197694th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Gerald R. Ford.
Apr. 10, 197594th Congress Address on State of the WorldPresident Gerald R. Ford.
Jan. 15, 197594th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Gerald R. Ford.
Oct. 8, 197493rd Congress Address on the EconomyPresident Gerald R. Ford.
Aug. 12, 197493rd Congress Assumption of officePresident Gerald R. Ford.
Jan. 30 197493rd Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Richard M. Nixon.
June 1, 197292nd Congress Address on Europe tripPresident Richard M. Nixon.
Jan. 20, 197292nd Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Richard M. Nixon.
Sept. 9, 197192nd Congress Address on Economic policyPresident Richard M. Nixon.
Jan. 22, 197192nd Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Richard M. Nixon.
Jan. 22, 197091st Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Richard M. Nixon.
Jan. 14, 196991st Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Lyndon B. Johnson.
Jan. 17, 196890th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Lyndon B. Johnson.
Jan. 10, 196790th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Lyndon B. Johnson.
Jan. 12, 196689th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Lyndon B. Johnson.
Mar. 15, 196589th Congress Voting rightsPresident Lyndon B. Johnson.
Jan. 4, 196589th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Lyndon B. Johnson.
Jan. 8, 196488th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Lyndon B. Johnson.
Nov. 27, 196388th Congress Assumption of officePresident Lyndon B. Johnson.
Jan. 14, 196388th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident John F. Kennedy.
Jan. 11, 196287th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident John F. Kennedy.
May 25, 196187th Congress Urgent national needs: foreign aid, defense, civil defense, and outer spacePresident John F. Kennedy.
Jan. 30, 196187th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident John F. Kennedy.
Jan. 7, 196086th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Jan. 9, 195986th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Jan. 9, 195885th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Jan. 10, 195785th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Jan. 5, 195785th Congress Address on the Middle EastPresident Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Jan. 6, 195584th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Jan. 7, 195483rd Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Feb. 2, 195383rd Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Dwight D. Eisenhower.
June 10, 195282nd Congress Address on Steel StrikePresident Harry S. Truman.
Jan. 9, 195282nd Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Harry S. Truman.
Jan. 8, 195182nd Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Harry S. Truman.
Jan. 4, 195081st Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Harry S. Truman.
Jan. 5, 194981st Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Harry S. Truman.
July 27, 194880th Congress Address on inflation, housing, and civil rightsPresident Harry S. Truman.
Apr. 19, 194880th Congress Address on 50th anniversary, liberation of CubaPresident Harry S. Truman; Guillermo Belt, Ambassador of Cuba.
Mar. 17, 194880th Congress National security and conditions in EuropePresident Harry S. Truman.
Jan. 7, 194880th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Harry S. Truman.
Nov. 17, 194780th Congress Address on Aid to EuropePresident Harry S. Truman.
Mar. 12, 194780th Congress Address on Greek-Turkish aid policyPresident Harry S. Truman.
Jan. 6, 194780th Congress State of the Union AddressPresident Harry S. Truman.
May 25, 194679th Congress Address on Railroad StrikePresident Harry S. Truman.
Oct. 23, 194579th Congress Address on Universal Military TrainingPresident Harry S. Truman.
May 21, 194579th Congress Address on Bestowal of Congressional Medal of Honor to Tech. Sgt. Jake William LindseyGeneral George C. Marshall, Chief of Staff, U.S. Army; President Harry S. Truman.
Apr. 16, 194579th Congress Address on Assumption of Office and WarPresident Harry S. Truman.
Mar. 1, 194579th Congress Address on Yalta ConferencePresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 6, 194579th Congress Annual MessagePresident Roosevelt was not present. His message was read before the Joint Session of Congress.
Jan. 11, 194478th Congress Annual MessagePresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 7, 194378th Congress Annual MessagePresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 6, 194277th Congress Annual MessagePresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Dec. 8, 194177th Congress Address on the "Day of Infamy"President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 6, 194177th Congress Annual MessagePresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
May 16, 194076th Congress Address on National DefensePresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 3, 194076th Congress Annual MessagePresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Sept. 21, 193976th Congress Address on NeutralityPresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Mar. 4, 193976th Congress Address on Sesquicentennial of the 1st CongressPresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 4, 193976th Congress Annual MessagePresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 3, 193875th CongressAnnual MessagePresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 6, 193775th Congress Annual MessagePresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 3, 193674th Congress Annual MessagePresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
May 22, 193574th Congress Address on Budget Bill VetoPresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Jan. 4, 193574th Congress Annual MessagePresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
May 20, 193473rd Congress Address on 100th anniversary of the death of the Marquis de LafayetteAndre de Laboulaye, Ambassador of France; President Franklin Delano Roosevelt; ceremony attended by Count de Chambrun, great-grandson of Lafayette.
Jan. 3, 193473rd Congress Annual MessagePresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Feb. 22, 193272nd Congress Address on bicentennial of George Washington's birthPresident Herbert Hoover.
Dec. 6, 193272nd Congress Annual MessagePresident Herbert Hoover.
Dec. 8, 193172nd Congress Annual MessagePresident Herbert Hoover.
Dec. 2, 193071st Congress Annual MessagePresident Herbert Hoover.
Dec. 3, 192971st Congress Annual MessagePresident Herbert Hoover.
Dec. 4, 192870th Congress Annual MessagePresident Calvin Coolidge.
Feb. 22, 192770th Congress Address on upcoming George Washington birthday bicentennialPresident Calvin Coolidge.
Dec. 6, 192770th Congress Annual MessagePresident Calvin Coolidge.
Dec. 6, 192669th Congress Annual MessagePresident Calvin Coolidge.
Dec. 8, 192569th Congress Annual MessagePresident Calvin Coolidge.
Dec. 6, 192468th Congress Annual MessagePresident Calvin Coolidge.
Dec. 3, 192368th Congress Annual MessagePresident Calvin Coolidge.
Feb. 7, 192367th Congress Address on British debt due to the United StatesPresident Warren G. Harding.
Dec. 8, 192267th Congress Annual MessagePresident Warren G. Harding.
Nov. 21, 192267th Congress Address on promotion of the American Merchant MarinePresident Warren G. Harding.
Aug. 18, 192267th Congress Address on coal and railroad strikesPresident Warren G. Harding.
Feb. 28, 192267th Congress Address on maintenance of the Merchant MarinePresident Warren G. Harding.
Dec. 6, 192167th Congress Annual MessagePresident Warren G. Harding.
Apr. 12, 192167th CongressFederal problem messagePresident Warren G. Harding.
Aug. 8, 191966th CongressCost of living messagePresident Woodrow Wilson.
Dec. 2, 191865th CongressAnnual MessagePresident Woodrow Wilson.
Nov. 11, 191865th CongressTerms of armistice signed by GermanyPresident Woodrow Wilson.
May 27, 191865th CongressWar finance messagePresident Woodrow Wilson.
Feb. 11, 191865th CongressPeace messagePresident Woodrow Wilson.
Jan. 8, 191865th CongressProgram for world's peacePresident Woodrow Wilson.
Jan. 4, 191865th CongressFederal operation of transportation systemsPresident Woodrow Wilson.
Dec. 4, 191765th CongressAnnual Message/War with Austria-HungaryPresident Woodrow Wilson.
Apr. 2, 191765th CongressWar with GermanyPresident Woodrow Wilson.
Feb. 26, 191764th CongressArming of merchant shipsPresident Woodrow Wilson.
Feb. 3, 191764th CongressSevering diplomatic relations with GermanyPresident Woodrow Wilson.
Dec. 5, 191664th CongressAnnual MessagePresident Woodrow Wilson.
Aug. 29, 191664th CongressRailroad message (labor-management dispute)President Woodrow Wilson.
Dec. 7, 191564th CongressAnnual MessagePresident Woodrow Wilson.
Dec. 8, 191463rd CongressAnnual MessagePresident Woodrow Wilson.
Sept. 4, 191463rd CongressWar tax messagePresident Woodrow Wilson.
Apr. 20, 191463rd CongressMexico messagePresident Woodrow Wilson.
Mar. 5, 191463rd CongressPanama Canal tollsPresident Woodrow Wilson.
Jan. 20, 191463rd CongressTrusts messagePresident Woodrow Wilson.
Dec. 2, 191363rd CongressAnnual MessagePresident Woodrow Wilson.
Aug. 27, 191363rd CongressMexican affairs messagePresident Woodrow Wilson.
June 23, 191363rd CongressCurrency and bank reform messagePresident Woodrow Wilson.
Apr. 8, 191363rd CongressTariff messagePresident Woodrow Wilson.
Nov. 22, 18006th CongressAnnual MessagePresident John Adams.
Dec. 3, 17996th CongressAnnual MessagePresident John Adams.
Dec. 8, 17985th CongressAnnual MessagePresident John Adams.
Nov. 23, 17975th CongressAnnual MessagePresident John Adams.
May 16, 17975th CongressRelations with FrancePresident John Adams.
Dec. 7, 17964th CongressAnnual MessagePresident George Washington.
Dec. 8, 17954th CongressAnnual MessagePresident George Washington.
Nov. 19, 17943rd CongressAnnual MessagePresident George Washington.
Dec. 3, 17933rd CongressAnnual MessagePresident George Washington.
Nov. 6, 17922nd CongressAnnual MessagePresident George Washington.
Oct. 25, 17912nd CongressAnnual MessagePresident George Washington.
Dec. 8, 17901st CongressAnnual MessagePresident George Washington.
Jan. 8, 17901st CongressAnnual MessagePresident George Washington.

Footnotes