Hawaii's 1st Congressional District election (August 11, 2018 Democratic primary)
- General election: Nov. 6
- Voter registration deadline: Oct. 9
- Early voting: Oct. 23 - Nov. 3
- Absentee voting deadline: Nov. 6
- Online registration: Yes
- Same-day registration: Yes
- Voter ID: Non-photo ID
- Poll times: 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
2020 →
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Hawaii's 1st Congressional District |
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Democratic primary Republican primary General election |
Election details |
Filing deadline: June 5, 2018 |
Primary: August 11, 2018 General: November 6, 2018 Pre-election incumbent: Colleen Hanabusa (Democrat) |
How to vote |
Poll times: 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. Voting in Hawaii |
Race ratings |
Cook Political Report: Solid Democratic Inside Elections: Solid Democratic Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Democratic |
Ballotpedia analysis |
U.S. Senate battlegrounds U.S. House battlegrounds Federal and state primary competitiveness Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2018 |
See also |
U.S. Senate • 1st • 2nd Hawaii elections, 2018 U.S. Congress elections, 2018 U.S. Senate elections, 2018 U.S. House elections, 2018 |
Former U.S. Rep. Ed Case (D) defeated state Senate President Donna Kim (D), Lt. Gov. Doug Chin (D), and four other candidates in the Democratic primary for Hawaii's 1st Congressional District on August 11, 2018.
Kim and Chin were frontrunners, topping fundraising through the second quarter of 2018 and bringing name recognition. Kim had served in the state Senate for nearly two decades, while Chin received national press for filing a court challenge as state attorney general to President Donald Trump's executive order on immigration in 2017.[1][2]
Case's entrance into the race on June 5—the final day for candidates to file—made the already crowded field more competitive. He had previously represented the neighboring 2nd Congressional District for two full terms and topped every public opinion poll in July.[3]
Running from the left was self-described Democratic socialist and state Rep. Kaniela Ing (D). Backed by Justice Democrats, Ing pushed for a single-payer healthcare system and contrasted himself with his more moderate rivals.[4][5]
Rep. Beth Fukumoto (D) and Kim, for example, opposed the legalization of same-sex marriage in 2013.[4] Kim said in a debate that she had evolved on the issue like President Barack Obama (D) and pledged to fight for LGBT rights in Washington, D.C.[6] Fukumoto, who left the Republican Party in 2017 after being condemned by her caucus for criticizing President Donald Trump (R), said she personally supported same-sex marriage but voted against it to represent her constituents.[7][8]
Also running were Honolulu City Councilman Ernie Martin (D) and retired Immigration and Naturalization Service agent Sam Puletasi (D).
Chin, Ing, Kim, and Martin all reported between $260,000 and $280,000 in cash on hand at the end of June.[2]
Incumbent Rep. Colleen Hanabusa (D) ran for governor of Hawaii, leaving the seat open.
Election results
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 1
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Ed Case | 40.0 | 47,482 |
![]() | Doug Chin ![]() | 25.5 | 30,283 | |
![]() | Donna Kim | 18.2 | 21,554 | |
![]() | Kaniela Ing | 6.3 | 7,531 | |
![]() | Beth Fukumoto | 6.3 | 7,473 | |
![]() | Ernest Y. Martin | 3.2 | 3,827 | |
![]() | Sam Puletasi | 0.4 | 519 |
Total votes: 118,669 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Top candidates
The candidates below either led in polls, received support from U.S. elected officials, or were mentioned by media coverage as top contenders. They are listed in alphabetical order.
Ed Case (D)
After serving in the state legislature for eight years, Case represented Hawaii's 2nd Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2002 to 2007. He also graduated from the UC Hastings College of Law and worked as a managing attorney at Bays Lung Rose & Holma and Carlsmith Ball, two law firms in Honolulu.[9]
"Since my prior service, our political system in D.C. has become even more deeply broken and is failing to provide the leadership to guide our country through these critical times. I’m running again because we must do better, and I want to be part of the solution," Case said of his return to politics.[9]
He listed ending partisan gridlock, continuing terrorism prevention, and maintaining U.S.-Asia relations as some of his policy priorities on his campaign website.[10]
Doug Chin (D)
Chin served as attorney general of Hawaii from 2015 to 2018. He was appointed lieutenant governor of Hawaii in February 2018. Prior to his appointments to statewide office, Chin, a trial attorney, was a managing partner at the Honolulu-based law firm of Carlsmith Ball. He also served as the city managing director under Honolulu Mayor Peter Carlisle and prosecutor.[11][12]
"I've ended up being in court over and over again to stop some of the different actions that have been taken by the Trump administration," Chin said of his motivation to run. "To me, going to Congress, it feels like the right next step."[13]
On his campaign website, Chin identified diversifying Hawaii's economy, investing in sustainable energy, and developing public and private housing projects as some of his policy priorities.[14]
Donna Kim (D)
Kim was first elected to the state Senate in 2000, representing District 14, and served as the president of the Senate from 2013 to 2015. She has also served on the Honolulu City Council and in the Hawai‘i State House of Representatives.[15]
"I care deeply for my island home. I am committed to fight to put Hawaii first and defend our local values. No one will work harder and be more fiscally responsible than me," Kim said when announcing her candidacy.[16]
On her campaign website, Kim listed improving the Affordable Care Act, expanding Medicare, and giving the state more control over education as some of her policy priorities.[17]
Candidates
Democratic primary candidates
= candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey
Debates and forums
July 2, 2018, debate
Case, Chin, Fukumoto, Ing, Kim, and Martin participated in a debate hosted by Hawaii News Now on July 2, 2018, where the discussed the military presence in Hawaii, Native Hawaiian issues, education, political experience, among other issues.[18]
- Find the Hawaii News Now round-up of the debate here.
- Find the Honolulu Civil Beat round-up of the debate here.
- Watch the full livestream of the debate here.
Polls
- See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls
Hawaii's 1st Congressional District, Democratic primary | |||||||||||||||||||
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Poll | Case (D) | Chin (D) | Kim (D) | Ing (D) | Martin (D) | Fukumoto (D) | Undecided | Margin of Error | Sample Size | ||||||||||
Civil Beat July 19-21, 2018 | 34% | 19% | 15% | 6% | 3% | 5% | 18% | +/-4.9 | 403 | ||||||||||
Honolulu Star-Advertiser Hawaii Poll July 6-11, 2018 | 36% | 27% | 14% | 6% | 2% | 1% | 14% | +/-6.4 | 244 | ||||||||||
Note: A "0%" finding means the candidate was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org |
Hawaii's 1st Congressional District, Democratic primary | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Poll | Kim (D) | Chin (D) | Fukumoto (D) | Martin (D) | Ing (D) | Undecided/Other | Margin of Error | Sample Size | |||||||||||
Civil Beat May 3-5, 2018 | 26% | 19% | 11% | 4% | 8% | 32% | +/-5.5 | 321 | |||||||||||
Note: A "0%" finding means the candidate was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org |
Hawaii's 1st Congressional District, Democratic primary | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Poll | Kim (D) | Chin (D) | Martin (D) | Ing (D) | Undecided/Other | Margin of Error | Sample Size | ||||||||||||
Mason-Dixon Polling & Strategy March 13-18, 2018 | 32% | 29% | 6% | 2% | 31% | +/-6.4 | 242 | ||||||||||||
Note: A "0%" finding means the candidate was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org |
Campaign finance
The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted to the Federal Election Commission.
Name | Party | Receipts* | Disbursements** | Cash on hand | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ed Case | Democratic Party | $563,845 | $482,824 | $81,021 | As of December 31, 2018 |
Doug Chin | Democratic Party | $604,231 | $597,273 | $6,958 | As of December 31, 2018 |
Beth Fukumoto | Democratic Party | $86,895 | $85,979 | $0 | As of December 31, 2018 |
Kaniela Ing | Democratic Party | $410,419 | $402,343 | $8,076 | As of December 31, 2018 |
Donna Kim | Democratic Party | $721,399 | $716,254 | $5,143 | As of December 31, 2018 |
Ernest Y. Martin | Democratic Party | $393,973 | $393,973 | $0 | As of October 31, 2018 |
Sam Puletasi | Democratic Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available*** |
Cam Cavasso | Republican Party | $156,884 | $155,400 | $1,483 | As of December 31, 2018 |
Raymond Vinole | Republican Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available*** |
Zachary Burd | Green Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available*** |
Michelle Rose Tippens | Libertarian Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available*** |
John Cipolla | Nonpartisan | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available*** |
Calvin Griffin | Nonpartisan | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available*** |
Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2018. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." |
Endorsements
Ballotpedia tracks endorsements by organizations and elected officials. We located the following endorsements in this race. To notify us of other endorsements, please email us.
Primary election endorsements | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Endorsement | Case | Chin | Fukumoto | Ing[19] | Kim |
National figures | |||||
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez[20] | ✔ | ||||
Federal officials | |||||
Ro Khanna, U.S. representative | ✔ | ||||
State officials | |||||
Former Gov. John Waihee[21] | ✔ | ||||
Sylvia Luke, Hawaii state representative | ✔ | ||||
Organizations | |||||
Hawaii Government Employees Association[22] | ✔ | ||||
International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers[23] | ✔ | ||||
Justice Democrats | ✔ | ||||
Progressive Change Campaign Committee[24] | ✔ | ||||
University of Hawaii Professional Assembly[25] | ✔ |
Campaign tactics
Advertisements
Kaniela Ing
Support
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Campaign themes and policy stances
Campaign themes
This section highlights topics that each candidate emphasized during the campaign. They are generally taken verbatim from the candidate, but may also be collected from newspaper profiles, candidate forums, media interviews, voter guides, candidate survey responses, and candidate YouTube videos.
Ed Case
“ |
AGENDA FOR A BETTER HAWAI‘I, COUNTRY AND WORLD Our country faces challenging times. These arise from both worsening dysfunctional government and the uncertainties of a rapidly changing world. Not just our country but our Hawai’i and world depend on our overcoming these challenges. Our Congress is at the center of both those challenges and their solutions. I know from my prior service that it’s impossible to describe or anticipate every challenge or solution. But I also know that we must prioritize and act on what we know we face now and believe we will face later. Every leader should have an agenda to address these challenges and built on a foundation of core beliefs to carry it out. Here are the beliefs and agenda I would take back to Congress: BELIEFS Our Country Ours is the greatest country. Not just our founding principles, but our history and our continued promise. Our fine balance of democratic majority rule and the freedom to think and be different. Our inclusion of new peoples and cultures. It’s not always easy being an American: we do make mistakes, we sometimes get out of balance, our path to a better future is rarely straight. But our foundations are sound, we can and do self-correct, and we have bettered our world, often at great sacrifice. If and as we stay true to our principles and heritage, we will prevail in all we face. Our Hawai‘i We do have a very special and unique home. “Lucky you live Hawai‘i” is not just a saying; it’s a way of life, admired and envied everywhere. But it can’t be taken for granted; it must be protected and nurtured always, from our natural environment to our pan-ethnic culture and beyond. Public Service To truly serve one’s fellow citizens, as JFK called on us to do, as do ministers, or teachers, or those in uniform, or so many others. Not for personal gain, but because it helps others and gives meaning to life. And because, as one to whom much has been given, much is in fact expected. Government It is, after all, no more or less than our agreement to act together toward our common good. Yes, many of us feel unrepresented and burdened today. But that doesn’t mean we haven’t bettered ourselves and our world through our government, for we have. Our task is not to reject but to improve it. The Limits of Government It neither can nor should do everything, any more than we can or should solve all our world’s challenges. Individual and private enterprise and contribution still ultimately drive our advancement, and must be sustained to do what they do best. Our goal is always to decide what should be left to government and then make sure it does it well. Inclusion When we exclude, through overly partisan politics or special interest control or rejection of differing perspectives, we divide, and decisions are not accepted as the common will. But if and as we feel included in, connected with, our government, as our representatives communicate openly with us and account for our views and needs in their decisions, as we always reach out to help those among us in need, so are we stronger and wiser together, vested in our collective choices. Working Together Ours is a group effort, helping those of us in need, picking each other up, the whole more than the sum of its parts. It’s all of us, in our own personal and work lives, working together and with our government, and vice versa. And it’s our elected officials working with each other, regardless of party or belief or interest, toward win-win solutions. Not that we’ll always agree with each other, because we shouldn’t and won’t. And not that it won’t sometimes come down to a vote, because it will and must. But effort must always made to find common ground, no view should be disrespected, and where we disagree, we should do so agreeably and move on together as fellow citizens to the next challenge. Hard Work & Perseverance So true in life, indispensable in the pressure cooker of national office. Leadership The responsibility and obligation of every elected official to make the best decisions possible for us all. To face our mutual challenges realistically and squarely, identify the options and consequences of each, consult with those we represent, consider our own experience and judgment, make the decision, explain it, and be accountable for it. And, in doing so, to look always not just to today, but to the next generations. A Better Way Forward In change. Not just any change, not to our foundations, nor just for the sake of change, and not that change isn’t often discomforting or that it shouldn’t be approached with caution. But change that recharges, offers new opportunities, different approaches, other solutions, fresh starts, unavoidable adjustments to a changing world in a changing time. Change as a part of life and of our country’s own heritage, as directing our destiny rather than reacting. I believe that there’s always a better way forward and that we can and will find it if only we seek it out and forge it. AGENDA Break Partisan Gridlock We must forge a new way of governance that rejects pure partisan politics and incorporates our best ideas regardless of origin.
Secure Our Homeland We must provide for our common defense against the reality of terrorism and international uncertainty.
Lead Our World We must work within our global community toward worldwide peace and prosperity.
Invest In Our Future We must provide the foundation and tools today with which our next generations can succeed.
Fulfill Our Promises We must preserve and strengthen Social Security and Medicare and fulfill our commitments to our veterans and others.
Care For Ourselves We must assure available healthcare and help our fellow citizens in need.
Protect Our World We must preserve and protect our natural heritage for future generations.
Strengthen Our Country We must include all Americans in our national decisionmaking and demand integrity and honesty in our governance.
Cherish Our Country We must keep alive, strengthen and hand down to the next generations the foundations and values of our great nation.
Perpetuate Our Hawai‘i We must preserve the soul of our special home and pass it on.
|
” |
—Ed Case for Congress[27] |
Doug Chin
“ |
Jobs + Economy Growing and diversifying Hawai‘i’s economy to give every family a real shot at thriving – not just surviving. Energy + Environment Preserving Hawai‘i's precious natural resources, stopping climate change, and investing in our green energy future. Affordable Housing + Homelessness Securing Hawai‘i's future with more affordable housing and more support to get our homeless population off the streets – for good. Education + Student Debt Investing in public schools to give every child – regardless of their zip code – a chance to get ahead with a quality education. Working Families Continuing Hawai‘i’s rich tradition of supporting working families and organized labor. Healthcare Addressing Hawai‘i's shortage of doctors, decreasing high prescription drug costs, strengthening Medicare Drug Costs, and improving the Affordable Care Act. Seniors Giving our kūpuna the dignity and security in retirement they deserve by protecting and expanding Social Security and Medicare. LGBTQIA Achieving America’s promise of equality and opportunity for everyone – no matter who you love, or how you identify. Women Empowering women and fighting for a future free from harassment and violence. Native Hawaiians Respecting Hawai‘i's host culture. Veterans Honoring our nation's promise to those who served and sacrificed for our freedom. Gun Control Fixing America's broken gun control laws and ending our gun violence epidemic. Immigration Renewing America's commitment to diversity by overhauling our failed and outdated immigration system, protecting DREAMers and reuniting Hawai‘i families. Campaign Finance Reform Saving our democracy by fixing America's broken campaign finance system. Criminal Justice Reform Enacting commonsense reforms to our criminal justice system.[26] |
” |
—Doug Chin for Congress[28] |
Beth Fukumoto
“ |
Our Home I entered politics because Hawaii is my home, and I want to preserve what makes it special for generations to come. As your voice in Congress, I will seek additional federal funding and changes to grant programs to address Hawaii’s housing crisis. Home ownership should not be out of reach for Hawaii’s families, but maintaining the status quo means our families will continue to be priced out of Hawaii. We need to do things differently. At the same time, we need to seek federal solutions to fix our infrastructure—electrical grid, roads, alternative transportation routes, sewer, water, and more—which will lower our cost of living and improve our quality of life. By addressing these issues and fostering a fair economy that helps low and middle income residents, I believe we can ensure our families, particularly our young people, can live, work and thrive in Hawaii. Our World Hawaii is the world’s proving ground for forward-thinking energy, sustainability and conservation initiatives. We have a responsibility to bring that experience to Congress to help protect our environment, preserve national monuments and drastically reduce our country’s reliance on fossil fuels. At the most basic level, we must be willing to stand firm and speak strongly of our commitment to worldwide standards that address global climate change. Our Lives Born and raised in Hawaii, I know that tolerance and diversity build a stronger community – and a stronger nation. I was fortunate to grow up in a diverse and supportive environment, but many people in our nation still face grave challenges as a result of discrimination. Today, voices rise up as more and more people show their support for women, immigrants, the LGBT community, young people, persons with disabilities, and people of diverse backgrounds. We have made great strides as a country, but there is more to do. We must make a firm commitment that we will not permit backtracking on the rights and standards already established. I’m committed to protecting your rights – to safety, healthcare, marriage, education and choice as well as freedom from discrimination and tolerance for all faiths. Your Government Always remember, this is your government. This is your country. It doesn’t belong to special interests, or big business, or industrial giants. It belongs to you. As your Congresswoman, I will put your interest first, and push back against the status quo and special interests that keep Hawaii and America from moving forward. I’ll give you access, share my time, and listen to your concerns. I will represent you.[26] |
” |
—Beth Fukumoto for Congress[29] |
Kaniela Ing
“ |
Homelessness, Affordable Housing We were once a state that not only took care of everyday people, but made sure that they felt accomplished. Today, high costs and housing are out of control. Working families are being squeezed out, and our children are moving away in search of opportunity. In Congress, Kaniela's #1 priority will to be lower Hawaii's cost of living, reshape the rigged economy, and allow our children to thrive on our islands. Get Big Money Out of Politics People are waking up to the fact that money has corrupted our democracy and has concentrated too much power in too few hands. Kaniela is the only candidate who does not accept money from DC lobbyists or corporations, so you know he will always side with the people and never sell out. Kaniela puts people over corporate profits and will fight to ban corporate PACs and repeal citizens united. Medicare-for-all Rather than stripping healthcare from 30 million Americans like Donald Trump and the GOP, Kaniela believes everyone should have access to affordable healthcare through a single-payer medicare-for-all system. Its time has come. Tuition-free College A generation ago, a student could effectively "work her way through college." This is no longer the case. Kaniela believes that in today's economy, universal access to quality education must start at pre-k and continue through college. Kaniela championed free community college in the Legislature, and will champion tuition-free college in Congress. Women's Rights Kaniela is the candidate with the absolute strongest record on women's health and equality. In Congress, Kaniela will fight to protect reproductive rights, fund Planned Parenthood, strengthen Title IX, enact paid family leave, and demand equal pay for equal work. He identifies as pro-feminist and firmly pro-choice. 100% Renewable by 2035 In the legislature, Kaniela has demonstrated the courage to take on energy monopolies to support solar proliferation and energy innovation. In Congress, he will fight to commit our nation to a 100% renewable energy goal in order to save our planet from climate change and put millions of rural Americans back to work. Hawaii's groundbreaking law is already attracting hundreds of high-tech and manufacturing jobs. $15 Living Wage and a Union FDR said that "employers who cannot afford to pay their employees a living wage cannot afford to do business in America." Kaniela will fight to raise the minimum wage to $15/hour (tied to inflation), restore this great tradition, and ensure employee bargaining rights with a new New Deal. A Real Infrastructure Plan In the legislature, Kaniela fought to build truly affordable homes and projects that benefit everyone, not just luxury high-rises for internationally wealthy elites. In Congress, Kaniela will champion a $3 trillion infrastructure plan to create high wage jobs and ensure that no project will break the backs of Hawaii residents ever again. Criminal Justice Reform Our criminal justice system is over-crowded, disproportionately locks up Native Hawaiians, exports residents to for-profit prisons on the mainland, and is extremely costly to Hawaii taxpayers. A paradigm shift is needed to tie funding to good outcomes like less recidivism rather than beds filled, expand justice reinvestment, ban private prisons, and holistically reform bail, parole, and sentencing. End Reckless Wars When did "peace" become a four-letter word? It's past time we stop all counterproductive regime-change wars, reign in military spending and no-bid contractors, foster diplomacy around the world, restore sensible foreign policy, and invest more resources here at home. LGBTQ+ Rights Kaniela made waves with the heartfelt speech he delivered in 2013 to help win marriage equality in Hawaii (seen here). But LGBTQ+ rights are about so much more. In Congress, Kaniela will fight to end conversion therapy, expand transgender rights, and prohibit any form of discrimination based on gender and sexual orientation. Love always wins. Universal Basic Income Automation and globalization are already disrupting our economy, and we must act quickly and explore innovative solutions to build a future economy that leaves no one behind. Studies and pilots demonstrate that a $1000/month basic income to every resident would grow the American economy by $2.5 trillion. Empower Workers Our forebearers protested, striked, and even died for fair working conditions in Hawaii. If not for their struggle, Hawaii's Democratic Party would not be as strong as it is today. In Congress, Kaniela will fight to end Taft-Hartley, pass a national card check bill, and enshrine the rights to unionize, collectively bargain, and strike into law. A Job Guarantee When FDR proposed a job guarantee of sorts, America nearly hit 100% employment. Today, there is more than enough work for every citizen--bridges to build, roads to repair, children to teach, trees to plant--but the market simply does not meet the demand. In Congress, Kaniela will explore bold ideas like livable jobs as a human right. Net Neutrality Giant corporations should not be able to control what you can and cannot access online. Kaniela will fight to keep the internet open and available to all. Common-Sense Gun Control In the legislature, Kaniela has successfully fought to ban bump stocks and keep guns out of the hands of terrorists, stalkers, and domestic abusers. In Congress, he will fight to ban AR-15's, strengthen mental health services, ban bump stocks, close gun-show loopholes, and enact background checks to keep our children safe from school shootings. GMO-Labeling and Pesticides In the legislature, Kaniela has fought to legalize industrial hemp, and has been a leading advocate for mandatory labeling of genetically engineered (GE) food, pesticide disclosure and bufferzones, and common-sense regulation of harmful chemicals like Glysophate. In Congress, he will continue to be a champion for small farmers and regenerative, organic agriculture. Native Hawaiian Issues The US overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1893 is a great injustice. As Hawaiian Affairs Chair in the State House, Kaniela has been a champion for native causes. In Congress, he will continue our fight to ensure true self-determination and protect our sacred places, cultural heritage, and natural resources. (Watch Kaniela stand up to a billionaire to keep Hawaiian lands in Hawaiian hands here) Support our Veterans As a nation, we owe a great debt to our veterans. It is an obligation and responsibility that Kaniela takes very seriously. He will fight to ensure that veterans will receive the adequate and timely services they deserve, and never vote to send our troops into unnecessary, reckless wars of choice. Civil Liberties Rather than expanding the government's ability to control dissent like Donald Trump and the GOP, Kaniela will fight to protect our civil liberties, expand our freedom from oppression, and reign in the NSA’s mass collection of every American’s data. Legalize Adult-Use Cannabis More and more states are allowing adults to responsibly use cannabis. Evidence now shows that this has generated billions of dollars in tax revenue, reduced mass incarceration, and has saved lives by presenting a legal alternative to more harmful substances. In Congress, Kaniela will fight to declassify cannabis as a schedule-one substance. Expand Voting Access When the GOP tried to roll back the Voting Rights Act in 2014, Kaniela wrote and passed bills to expand voting access in Hawaii through same-day and online voter registration. In Congress, Kaniela will continue his fight to protect and expand voting rights, implement automatic voter registration, and promote civic engagement on all levels. Immigration Reform Under the Trump administration and a GOP Congress, immigrants face their greatest threats in a generation. In Congress, Kaniela will fight to protect the rights of all immigrants in America. Oppose Bad Trade Deals Global trade deals like the TPP and NAFTA are supposed to streamline trade and lower costs for everyday people. However, these deals tend to go awry when lobbyists get their hands on them behind closed doors and chock them full of sweetheart deals for billionaire corporations. In Congress, Kaniela will call for transparency and fairness in all global trade deals to make sure they represent Hawaii's best interest. COFA migration Back in 1996, Congress passed harmful legislation that took away federal Medicaid benefits for migrants from Micronesia, Palau, and the Marshall Islands. In Congress, Kaniela will fight to ensure justice for one of Hawaii's most vulnerable communities. Reform Wall Street Our financial sector used to help entreprenuers grow their businesses. But a lack of protections have allowed bankers to become the takers, while businesses struggle to remain the makers. Following Senator Warren's lead, Kaniela will stand up and speak out against the Wall Street casino, break up Big Banks, end anti-business stock buybacks, and reinstate the Glass-Steagall Act. Innovation & Small Business The greatest threat to American innovation, small business, and a resilient economy is the monopolization of industries. The GOP's pro-oligarchy (big-business-only) agenda has given multi-national corporations the market power to drive up prices, pay starvation wages, and ship jobs overseas. Kaniela will lead the fight to break-up monopolies, bring jobs home, open up markets to young entrepreneurs, and give small business owners a fighting chance. Expand Social Security Kaniela was raised to always care for the elderly and our Kupuna. In the legislature, Kaniela successfully fought to help fund our nation's first family caregiver program. In Congress, Kaniela will fight to "scrap the cap" so that millionaires and billionaires pay Social Security taxes on more than just the first $118,500 of their income and everyday workers receive thousands more per year. Impeach Donald Trump Donald Trump is an affront to the values we hold dear in Hawaii. We're pulling America back from the past, when we should be looking to the future. Kaniela will champion the impeachment of Donald Trump, so we can focus on progress beyond resistance (see above). In Congress, Kaniela will be an ambassador of tolerance, diversity, and aloha.[26] |
” |
—Ing for Congress[30] |
Donna Kim
“ |
Fighting For Results 'As a middle child of five, I come from humble beginnings in Kalihi-Palama. It was a struggle for my parents to keep a roof over our heads and food on the table. My dad worked as a carpenter and mom worked evenings as a waitress. My siblings and I learned to shoulder responsibility for one another at an early age. I know what it's like to live from paycheck to paycheck. A quality public education and the strong work ethic instilled by my parents helped me hope for a better future. It is important that people have hope... hope for a good paying job, hope to one day own their own home, hope to be able to afford to send their children to college, and hope for a better future. With over three decades of public service, I know what it takes to find solutions, persist to get answers, and get things done.' Fighting for Kupuna Health Care and Social Security Healthcare is a human right. As your representative, I will fight to protect health care and senior citizen programs that are so vital to the fabric of our society. Hawai‘i led the nation in providing quality and affordable health care with our Prepaid Health Care Act and I will always work to ensure our kupuna have access to the healthcare they need. The original premise of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was to make healthcare affordable and accessible to all. By working together with all constituencies, I will advocate for making adjustments to better manage the program's costs and effectiveness. Healthcare is critical and we need to revalidate the original fundamental assumptions to ensure we are meeting the original objectives of the ACA. I will work tirelessly to preserve and expand Medicare and fight to ensure continued and expanded Social Security for our senior citizens. Fighting for Keiki Education Public education is a critical equalizer. If not for public education, I wouldn't be who I am today. There are too many federal mandates and too little funding to implement them. I have been an advocate for local home rule and will fight for Hawai‘i to have more control over public education systems so we can tailor our teaching needs to suit our particular strengths and weaknesses. It is imperative that our youth have access to high quality, affordable higher education. The skyrocketing cost of college has burdened graduates with huge loan debt. I will fight for low to zero interest rates on student debt and make it easier for graduates to pay off their loans. I will push for incentives such as granting federal funds to states that lower tuition costs for quality education. Fighting for Women I have always supported a woman's right to choose. In the Senate, I supported initiatives to increases access to safe emergency contraceptives, access to quality reproductive health care, and provide better care for low-income women and children. As a working single mom, I will fight for legislation to ensure equal pay for equal work, eliminate pay discrimination on the basis of gender, and give women greater protection from sexual harassment, violence, and domestic abuse.[26] |
” |
—Kim for Congress[31] |
Noteworthy events
Hawaii Campaign Spending Commission fines Ing
The Hawaii Campaign Spending Commission fined Ing more than $15,000 for filing 23 incorrect campaign finance reports between 2011 and 2016 and using campaign funds for personal expenses.[32]
Timeline
- August 1, 2018: Case led the six-candidate field with 34 percent support in a Civil Beat poll of 403 likely Democratic voters. Chin and Kim followed with 19 percent and 15 percent, respectively. The margin of error was 4.9 percent.[33]
- July 25, 2018: Ing released a new campaign ad stating his support for universal healthcare, student loan debt forgiveness, and environmental issues.
- July 3, 2018: The Hawaii Government Employees Assocation, the largest union in the state, endorsed Kim.[22]
- June 20, 2018: The Hawaii Campaign Spending Commission fined Ing more than $15,000 for filing 23 incorrect campaign finance reports between 2011 and 2016 and using campaign funds for personal expenses.[32]
- June 5, 2018: Former Rep. Ed Case entered the race, bringing with him name recognition from his time in Congress and failed Senate and gubernatorial campaigns.[3]
- April 4, 2018: State Rep. Beth Fukumoto, who served as the Republican House Minority Leader from 2015 to 2017 and changed her party affiliation to the Democratic Party in 2017, entered the race. She said in a statement, "Your support has inspired me to find ways to amplify new voices, to fight against the status-quo, and to push back against the establishment to build a better future for Hawaii."[34]
- March 18, 2018: Kim led a four-candidate field with 32 percent support, according to a Mason-Dixon Polling & Strategy poll. Chin followed with 29 percent support, Martin 6, and Ing 2.
Race ratings
- See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Race ratings: Hawaii's 1st Congressional District election, 2018 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Race tracker | Race ratings | ||||||||
October 30, 2018 | October 23, 2018 | October 16, 2018 | October 9, 2018 | ||||||
The Cook Political Report | Solid Democratic | Solid Democratic | Solid Democratic | Solid Democratic | |||||
Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales | Solid Democratic | Solid Democratic | Solid Democratic | Solid Democratic | |||||
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball | Safe Democratic | Safe Democratic | Safe Democratic | Safe Democratic | |||||
Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every two weeks throughout the election season. |
Pivot Counties
- See also: Pivot Counties by state
There are no Pivot Counties in Hawaii. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.
In the 2016 presidential election, Hillary Clinton (D) won Hawaii with 62.2 percent of the vote. Donald Trump (R) received 30 percent. In presidential elections between 1960 and 2016, Hawaii voted Democratic 86.67 percent of the time and Republican 13.33 percent of the time. The only presidential elections from 1960 to 2016 where Hawaii voted for the Republican candidate were the elections in 1972 and 1984. Richard Nixon (R) and Ronald Reagan (R), respectively, won nearly every state in those elections.[35] Hawaii voted Democratic in every presidential election from 2000 to 2016.
Presidential results by legislative district
The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state House districts in Hawaii. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[36][37]
In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won all 51 state House districts in Hawaii with an average margin of victory of 42.9 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won all 51 state House districts in Hawaii with an average margin of victory of 31.7 points. Six of those districts were controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections. |
2016 presidential results by state House district | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
District | Obama | Romney | 2012 Margin | Clinton | Trump | 2016 Margin | Party Control |
1 | 78.86% | 18.99% | D+59.9 | 67.83% | 22.93% | D+44.9 | D |
2 | 81.90% | 16.56% | D+65.3 | 70.83% | 20.79% | D+50 | D |
3 | 78.94% | 18.86% | D+60.1 | 66.06% | 24.28% | D+41.8 | D |
4 | 74.69% | 20.89% | D+53.8 | 61.65% | 26.42% | D+35.2 | D |
5 | 70.37% | 27.44% | D+42.9 | 60.96% | 30.41% | D+30.5 | D |
6 | 63.87% | 34.13% | D+29.7 | 55.17% | 36.08% | D+19.1 | D |
7 | 70.15% | 27.80% | D+42.3 | 62.01% | 28.48% | D+33.5 | D |
8 | 77.15% | 21.48% | D+55.7 | 66.05% | 24.87% | D+41.2 | D |
9 | 82.40% | 16.67% | D+65.7 | 71.21% | 21.87% | D+49.3 | D |
10 | 66.49% | 31.34% | D+35.2 | 59.75% | 31.99% | D+27.8 | D |
11 | 65.21% | 32.49% | D+32.7 | 59.60% | 31.32% | D+28.3 | D |
12 | 73.87% | 23.66% | D+50.2 | 64.66% | 24.79% | D+39.9 | D |
13 | 78.96% | 18.21% | D+60.8 | 65.73% | 21.35% | D+44.4 | D |
14 | 72.91% | 23.66% | D+49.2 | 61.55% | 28.21% | D+33.3 | D |
15 | 73.72% | 24.41% | D+49.3 | 62.16% | 30.30% | D+31.9 | D |
16 | 73.80% | 24.28% | D+49.5 | 63.81% | 27.75% | D+36.1 | D |
17 | 64.14% | 34.73% | D+29.4 | 61.51% | 32.48% | D+29 | R |
18 | 64.74% | 34.13% | D+30.6 | 62.93% | 31.13% | D+31.8 | D |
19 | 68.62% | 30.02% | D+38.6 | 65.35% | 28.24% | D+37.1 | D |
20 | 74.85% | 23.28% | D+51.6 | 68.93% | 24.22% | D+44.7 | D |
21 | 75.85% | 22.20% | D+53.7 | 69.81% | 22.91% | D+46.9 | D |
22 | 63.65% | 33.95% | D+29.7 | 60.51% | 32.82% | D+27.7 | D |
23 | 74.44% | 23.74% | D+50.7 | 70.35% | 22.60% | D+47.8 | D |
24 | 72.02% | 26.06% | D+46 | 67.57% | 25.28% | D+42.3 | D |
25 | 72.41% | 25.81% | D+46.6 | 65.99% | 26.66% | D+39.3 | D |
26 | 69.71% | 28.67% | D+41 | 66.03% | 27.94% | D+38.1 | D |
27 | 73.79% | 24.89% | D+48.9 | 66.44% | 27.44% | D+39 | D |
28 | 75.18% | 23.76% | D+51.4 | 65.88% | 27.53% | D+38.3 | D |
29 | 72.71% | 25.65% | D+47.1 | 65.49% | 27.73% | D+37.8 | D |
30 | 74.18% | 25.14% | D+49 | 66.96% | 27.11% | D+39.8 | D |
31 | 67.31% | 31.63% | D+35.7 | 60.03% | 33.91% | D+26.1 | D |
32 | 71.52% | 27.25% | D+44.3 | 61.88% | 31.86% | D+30 | D |
33 | 71.14% | 28.00% | D+43.1 | 64.50% | 29.83% | D+34.7 | D |
34 | 73.09% | 25.92% | D+47.2 | 63.82% | 30.29% | D+33.5 | D |
35 | 71.64% | 27.28% | D+44.4 | 60.83% | 33.40% | D+27.4 | D |
36 | 65.58% | 33.62% | D+32 | 58.08% | 35.51% | D+22.6 | R |
37 | 68.17% | 30.78% | D+37.4 | 60.07% | 33.75% | D+26.3 | D |
38 | 75.65% | 23.90% | D+51.8 | 68.58% | 27.30% | D+41.3 | D |
39 | 66.08% | 33.05% | D+33 | 55.93% | 37.10% | D+18.8 | D |
40 | 63.55% | 35.44% | D+28.1 | 52.55% | 41.16% | D+11.4 | R |
41 | 64.77% | 34.18% | D+30.6 | 52.81% | 39.86% | D+13 | D |
42 | 62.03% | 36.85% | D+25.2 | 51.48% | 41.06% | D+10.4 | D |
43 | 69.40% | 29.09% | D+40.3 | 51.86% | 39.48% | D+12.4 | R |
44 | 71.73% | 26.37% | D+45.4 | 52.37% | 37.93% | D+14.4 | D |
45 | 65.66% | 32.94% | D+32.7 | 57.08% | 35.06% | D+22 | R |
46 | 69.74% | 29.10% | D+40.6 | 57.86% | 34.83% | D+23 | D |
47 | 51.82% | 46.23% | D+5.6 | 48.08% | 40.22% | D+7.9 | D |
48 | 67.63% | 31.05% | D+36.6 | 58.22% | 33.67% | D+24.6 | D |
49 | 71.40% | 27.44% | D+44 | 63.21% | 29.76% | D+33.4 | D |
50 | 64.02% | 34.41% | D+29.6 | 59.88% | 31.83% | D+28 | R |
51 | 70.33% | 28.32% | D+42 | 61.16% | 30.89% | D+30.3 | D |
Total | 70.55% | 27.84% | D+42.7 | 62.22% | 30.04% | D+32.2 | - |
Source: Daily Kos |
District analysis
- See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
- See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores
The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was D+17, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were 17 percentage points more Democratic than the national average. This made Hawaii's 1st Congressional District the 76th most Democratic nationally.[38]
FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 1.05. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.05 points toward that party.[39]
State overview
Partisan control
This section details the partisan control of federal and state positions in Hawaii heading into the 2018 elections.
Congressional delegation
- Following the 2016 elections, Democrats held both U.S. Senate seats in Hawaii.
- Democrats held both of the U.S. House seats in Hawaii.
State executives
- As of August 2018, Democrats held two of 10 state executive positions. The remaining eight positions were officially nonpartisan.
- The governor of Hawaii was Democrat David Ige. The state held elections for governor and lieutenant governor on November 6, 2018.
State legislature
Democrats controlled both chambers of the Hawaii State Legislature. They had a 45-6 majority in the state House and a 25-0 majority in the state Senate.
Trifecta status
- Hawaii was under a state government trifecta, meaning the Democratic Party held the governorship, a majority in the state senate, and a majority in the state house.
2018 elections
- See also: Hawaii elections, 2018
Hawaii held elections for the following positions in 2018:
- One U.S. Senate seat
- Two U.S. House seats
- Governor
- Lieutenant governor
- Thirteen state Senate seats
- Fifty-one state House of Representatives seats
- Four Honolulu City Council seats
- Two statewide ballot measures
Demographics
Demographic data for Hawaii | ||
---|---|---|
Hawaii | U.S. | |
Total population: | 1,425,157 | 316,515,021 |
Land area (sq mi): | 6,423 | 3,531,905 |
Race and ethnicity** | ||
White: | 25.4% | 73.6% |
Black/African American: | 2% | 12.6% |
Asian: | 37.7% | 5.1% |
Native American: | 0.2% | 0.8% |
Pacific Islander: | 9.9% | 0.2% |
Two or more: | 23.7% | 3% |
Hispanic/Latino: | 9.9% | 17.1% |
Education | ||
High school graduation rate: | 91% | 86.7% |
College graduation rate: | 30.8% | 29.8% |
Income | ||
Median household income: | $69,515 | $53,889 |
Persons below poverty level: | 11.6% | 11.3% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015) Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Hawaii. **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. |
As of July 2017, Hawaii's three largest cities were Urban Honolulu (pop. est. 350,395), East Honolulu (pop. est. 47,957), and Pearl City (pop. est. 47,241).[40]
State election history
This section provides an overview of federal and state elections in Hawaii from 2000 to 2016. All data comes from the Hawaii Office of Elections.
Historical elections
Presidential elections, 2000-2016
This chart shows the results of the presidential election in Hawaii every year from 2000 to 2016.
Election results (President of the United States), Hawaii 2000-2016 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
2016 | ![]() |
61.0% | ![]() |
29.4% | 31.6% |
2012 | ![]() |
70.1% | ![]() |
27.7% | 42.4% |
2008 | ![]() |
71.5% | ![]() |
26.4% | 45.1% |
2004 | ![]() |
53.7% | ![]() |
45.0% | 8.7% |
2000 | ![]() |
55.3% | ![]() |
37.1% | 18.2% |
U.S. Senate elections, 2000-2016
This chart shows the results of U.S. Senate races in Hawaii from 2000 to 2016. Every state has two Senate seats, and each seat goes up for election every six years. The terms of the seats are staggered so that roughly one-third of the seats are up every two years.
Election results (U.S. Senator), Hawaii 2000-2016 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
2016 | ![]() |
70.1% | ![]() |
21.2% | 48.9% |
2014 | ![]() |
66.8% | ![]() |
26.5% | 40.3% |
2012 | ![]() |
61.6% | ![]() |
36.8% | 24.8% |
2010 | ![]() |
71.9% | ![]() |
20.7% | 51.2% |
2006 | ![]() |
60.3% | ![]() |
36.1% | 24.2% |
2004 | ![]() |
72.7% | ![]() |
20.2% | 52.5% |
2000 | ![]() |
67.7% | ![]() |
22.8% | 44.9% |
Gubernatorial elections, 2000-2016
This chart shows the results of the four gubernatorial elections held between 2000 and 2016. Gubernatorial elections are held every four years in Hawaii.
Election results (Governor), Hawaii 2000-2016 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
2014 | ![]() |
49.0% | ![]() |
36.7% | 12.3% |
2010 | ![]() |
57.8% | ![]() |
40.8% | 17.0% |
2006 | ![]() |
49.8% | ![]() |
34.9% | 14.9% |
2002 | ![]() |
51.6% | ![]() |
47.0% | 4.6% |
Congressional delegation, 2000-2016
This chart shows the number of Democrats and Republicans who were elected to represent Hawaii in the U.S. House from 2000 to 2016. Elections for U.S. House seats are held every two years.
Trifectas, 1992-2017
A state government trifecta occurs when one party controls both chambers of the state legislature and the governor's office.
Hawaii Party Control: 1992-2025
Twenty-six years of Democratic trifectas • No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Governor | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Senate | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
House | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
See also
- United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii, 2018
- United States House elections in Hawaii (August 11, 2018 Democratic primaries)
- Hawaii's 1st Congressional District election (August 11, 2018 Republican primary)
- United States House of Representatives elections, 2018
Footnotes
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Morning Digest: New York gets new attorney general, and another Democrat gets Cuomo's blessing," May 24, 2018
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 FEC, "Hawaii - House District 01," accessed July 18, 2018
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hawaii News Now, "Ed Case joins crowded race for Congress, but some see him as a front-runner," June 5, 2018
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mic, "How a Native Hawaiian Democrat is pushing the party left on his home turf," May 23, 2018
- ↑ 'Honolulu 'Civil Beat, "Hawaii Decision Delayed On Hawaii Legislator’s Alleged Campaign Violations," May 23, 2018
- ↑ Hawaii News Now, "Congressional Debate: Ernie Martin asks Donna Mercado Kim why voters should trust her given her 'inconsistent positions on progressive democratic issues like gay marriage,'" accessed July 23, 2018
- ↑ NBC News, "Hawaii Republican Leader Rep. Beth Fukumoto Officially Resigns From GOP," March 22, 2017
- ↑ YouTube, "The Republican who quit the party because of Trump," March 22, 2017
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Case for Congress, "Home," accessed July 18, 2018
- ↑ Case for Congress, "Agenda," accessed July 18, 2018
- ↑ Pacific Business News, "Doug Chin named Hawaii attorney general," January 16, 2015
- ↑ Doug Chin for Congress, "Meet Doug," accessed July 18, 2018
- ↑ NBC News, "Hawaii attorney general announces campaign for U.S. Congress," December 18, 2017
- ↑ Doug Chin for Congress, "Priorities," accessed July 18, 2018
- ↑ Donna Mercado Kim, "About Donna," accessed July 18, 2018
- ↑ Hawaii News Now, "Donna Mercado Kim enters race for US Congress," November 9, 2017
- ↑ Donna Mercado Kim, "Issues," accessed July 18, 2018
- ↑ Honolulu Civil Beat, "Democratic Contenders For Congress Duke It Out," July 2, 2018
- ↑ Kaniela Ing, Democrat for Congress, "Latest," accessed March 22, 2018
- ↑ The Sacramento Bee, "Ocasio-Cortez stumps, fundraises across the nation," accessed August 10, 2018
- ↑ Donna Mercado Kim, "Endorsements," accessed June 12, 2018
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Honolulu Star Advertiser, "Hawaii’s largest union endorses Donna Mercado Kim for Congress," July 3, 2018
- ↑ Doug Chin, "Lt. Gov. Doug Chin (D) Earns Endorsement of Key Labor Union in Campaign for Congress," March 21, 2018
- ↑ Progressive Change Campaign Committee, "Our candidates," accessed March 22, 2018
- ↑ Honolulu Star Advertiser, "Ige, Tokuda and Fukumoto secure major union endorsements," June 7, 2018
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Ed Case for Congress, "Agenda," accessed June 13, 2018
- ↑ Doug Chin for Congress, "Priorities," accessed June 13, 2018
- ↑ Beth Fukumoto, "Issues," accessed June 13, 2018
- ↑ Ing for Congress, "Bold Vision," accessed June 13, 2018]
- ↑ Kim for Congress, "Issues," accessed June 13, 2018
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 Honolulu Star Advertiser, "Rep. Kaniela Ing fined more than $15K for campaign spending violations," June 20, 2018
- ↑ Civil Beat, "Civil Beat Poll: Case Has Big Lead In 6-Way Race For Congress," August 1, 2018
- ↑ KHON 2, "Rep. Fukumoto announces run for Congress," April 4, 2018
- ↑ 270towin.com, "Historical Presidential Elections," accessed August 2, 2017
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
- ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
- ↑ Hawaii Demographics, "Hawaii Cities by Population," accessed August 30, 2018