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Missouri's 1st Congressional District election, 2020 (August 4 Democratic primary)

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Missouri's 1st Congressional District
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Democratic primary
Republican primary
General election
Election details
Filing deadline: March 31, 2020
Primary: August 4, 2020
General: November 3, 2020
Pre-election incumbent:
William Lacy Clay (Democratic)
How to vote
Poll times: 6 a.m. to 7 p.m.
Voting in Missouri
Race ratings
Cook Political Report: Solid Democratic
Inside Elections: Solid Democratic
Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Democratic
Ballotpedia analysis
U.S. Senate battlegrounds
U.S. House battlegrounds
Federal and state primary competitiveness
Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2020
See also
Missouri's 1st Congressional District
1st • 2nd • 3rd • 4th • 5th • 6th • 7th • 8th
Missouri elections, 2020
U.S. Congress elections, 2020
U.S. Senate elections, 2020
U.S. House elections, 2020

Cori Bush defeated incumbent William Lacy Clay and Katherine Bruckner in the August 4, 2020, Democratic Party primary in Missouri's 1st Congressional District. Bush received 49% of the vote to Clay's 46%.

This primary featured a rematch between Clay and Bush. Bush challenged Clay in the district's 2018 Democratic primary, which Clay won with 57% of the vote to Bush's 37%.

Clay was first elected in 2000, succeeding his father, former Rep. William Lacy Clay, Sr. (D). He received endorsements from U.S. Sen. Kamala Harris (D-Calif.) and the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.[1] In their endorsement, the Post-Dispatch's editorial board wrote, "[Clay] has been a steady, predictable representative and a reliable vote for mainstream Democratic priorities — including the fight against poverty and for social justice."[2]

Bush received endorsements from U.S. Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) and Jamaal Bowman (D), a candidate for New York's 16th District who defeated 16-term incumbent Rep. Eliot Engel (D) in the district's June 23, 2020, Democratic primary.[3] In his endorsement, Bowman said, "Bush understands the struggles facing her communities, because she's lived them herself ... She will fight to confront racist and reckless policing ... and I'm proud to support her grassroots campaign."[4]

Pre-primary reports in 2020 showed Clay raising $744,000 and Bush with $569,000. The source of these funds varied between candidates. According to St. Louis Public Radio's Jason Rosenbaum, "Clay said he’s proud to receive support from local companies like Boeing and Express Scripts — especially since 1st District constituents contribute to those groups."[5] Contributions from political committees made up a majority of Clay's receipts at $561,000, or 75% of his total. Bush said, "It is important to talk the talk and walk the walk—which is why our campaign is 100% grassroots, funded by the people and for the people."[6] For Bush, contributions from individuals smaller than $200 equaled $346,000, 61% of her total.[7] During the two candidates' first meeting in 2018, Clay raised $407,000 compared to Bush's $139,000 in receipts according to pre-primary campaign finance reports.[8][9]

Click on candidate names below to view their key messages:


Clay
Bush


This page focuses on Missouri's 1st Congressional District Democratic primary. For more in-depth information on the district's Republican primary and the general election, see the following pages:

Election procedure changes in 2020

See also: Changes to election dates, procedures, and administration in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020

Ballotpedia provided comprehensive coverage of how election dates and procedures changed in 2020. While the majority of changes occurred as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, some changes occurred for other reasons.

Political party events in Missouri were modified as follows:

  • Political party events: The Democratic Party of Missouri made a series of changes to its state convention delegate selection process, including the cancelation of mass meetings and the postponement of congressional district conventions to May 30. The Republican Party of Missouri canceled its county caucuses.

For a full timeline about election modifications made in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, click here.


Candidates and election results

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Missouri District 1

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Cori Bush
Cori Bush
 
48.5
 
73,274
Image of William Lacy Clay
William Lacy Clay
 
45.6
 
68,887
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Submit photo
Katherine Bruckner
 
5.9
 
8,850

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 151,011
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Candidate profiles

This section includes candidate profiles created in one of two ways. Either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey or Ballotpedia staff created a profile after identifying the candidate as noteworthy.[10] Ballotpedia staff compiled profiles based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements.

Cori Bush

Image of Cori Bush

WebsiteFacebookTwitterYouTube

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: No

Political Office: None

Biography:  Bush attended Harris-Stowe State University and received a graduate RN diploma from the Lutheran School of Nursing. She worked as a pastor from 2011 to 2014. Bush was an organizer during the protests in Ferguson, Missouri, following the police-related shooting death of Michael Brown. At the time of the election, she was a nurse and co-director of the Truth Telling Project, a civil rights group.


Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.

"I've struggled paycheck to paycheck asking 'Where's our progress?' and as a Black mom, I'm sick of having to say 'Just make it home safely' ... Lacy Clay hasn't risen to meet this moment ... It's time for a change, for new leadership that works for you."

"My opponent, Representative Clay, has taken thousands of dollars from investment firms, insurance companies, banks, pharmaceutical and agricultural corporations ... we must demand that our leadership denounce the influence of money in our politics ... which is why our campaign is 100% grassroots, funded by the people and for the people."

Show sources

Sources: Bush's 2020 campaign website, "Campaign Finance Reform," accessed July 24, 2020, Bush's 2020 campaign website, "About," accessed July 24, 2020, YouTube, "Our Time," July 22, 2020; LinkedIn, "Cori Bush," accessed July 24, 2020, St. Louis Public Radio, "After Years of Slow Progress, Post-Ferguson Political Agenda Picks Up Steam in St. Louis County," August 1, 2019

This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Missouri District 1 in 2020.

William Lacy Clay

Image of William Lacy Clay

WebsiteFacebookTwitter

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: Yes

Political Office: 

Biography:  Clay received a bachelor's degree in political science and government from the University of Maryland, College Park, in 1983. He worked as an agent with W.A. Thomas Realty from 1983 to 2000. At the time of the election, Clay served on three House Committees: Oversight and Government Reform, Financial Services, and Natural Resources.


Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.

"I serve my constituents through legislation and Congressional support for laws and projects created to improve housing, education, healthcare, employment opportunity, justice in the face of injustice, voting rights protections, police protection over police abuses, the census count, the environment and ways to grow the economy."

"I am working to uphold our constitutional rights, and [have proved] that the betterment of life, the promise of liberty and the pursuit of happiness will always be the top priorities under my leadership."

Show sources

Sources: Clay's 2020 campaign website, "Home," accessed July 24, 2020, Clay's 2020 campaign website, "Accomplishments," accessed July 24, 2020; Clay's House website, "Biography," accessed July 24, 2020

This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Missouri District 1 in 2020.


Noteworthy primary endorsements

This section includes noteworthy endorsements issued in the primary, added as we learn about them. Click here to read how we define noteworthy primary endorsements. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please email us.

Click the links below to see endorsement lists published on candidate campaign websites, if available.

Democratic primary endorsements
Endorsement Bush Clay
Newspapers and editorials
The St. Louis American[11] ✔
St. Louis Post-Dispatch[2] ✔
Elected officials
U.S. Sen. Kamala Harris (D-Calif.)[1] ✔
U.S. Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.)[3] ✔
Individuals
N.Y. 16 Democratic nominee Jamaal Bowman (D)[12] ✔
Organizations
350 Action[3] ✔
Alliance for Retired Americans[13] ✔
Brand New Congress[14] ✔
Congressional Progressive Caucus[15] ✔
Democratic Socialists of America[16] ✔
DUH! Demand Universal Healthcare[3] ✔
Forward Thinking Democracy[3] ✔
Friends of the Earth Action[17] ✔
Justice Democrats[18] ✔
Matriarch PAC[3] ✔
Our Revolution[3] ✔
Planned Parenthood Action Fund[19] ✔
Sierra Club[19] ✔
Sunrise Movement[3] ✔


Timeline

2020

Campaign advertisements

This section shows advertisements released in this race. Ads released by campaigns and, if applicable, satellite groups are embedded or linked below. If you are aware of advertisements that should be included, please email us.

Cori Bush

"Errol and Cori" - Bush campaign ad, released July 28, 2020[20]
"Our Time" - Bush campaign ad, released July 22, 2020[23]
"Cori Bush for Congress 2020" - Bush campaign ad, released July 12, 2019[25]


William Lacy Clay

Opposing Bush

Satellite group ads

Campaign finance

This section contains campaign finance figures from the Federal Election Commission covering all candidate fundraising and spending in this election.[27] It does not include information on fundraising before the current campaign cycle or on spending by satellite groups. The numbers in this section are updated as candidates file new campaign finance reports. Candidates for Congress are required to file financial reports on a quarterly basis, as well as two weeks before any primary, runoff, or general election in which they will be on the ballot and upon the termination of any campaign committees.[28]

The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted to the Federal Election Commission.

Name Party Receipts* Disbursements** Cash on hand Date
William Lacy Clay Democratic Party $864,884 $1,038,724 $20,537 As of December 31, 2020
Katherine Bruckner Democratic Party $0 $0 $0 Data not available***
Cori Bush Democratic Party $1,429,837 $1,345,334 $84,503 As of December 31, 2020

Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2020. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).

* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee."
** According to the FEC, a disbursement "is a purchase, payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit or gift of money or anything of value to influence a federal election," plus other kinds of payments not made to influence a federal election.
*** Candidate either did not report any receipts or disbursements to the FEC, or Ballotpedia did not find an FEC candidate ID.

Source of campaign receipts

The chart below shows the source of campaign contributions by candidate according to Open Secrets. The yellow bar represents contributions from individuals less than or equal to $200. The blue bar represents individual contributions greater than $200. The green bar represents contributions received from other political committees including other candidate campaign committees. Hover over a bar to see the specific amount.


Satellite spending

See also: Satellite spending

Satellite spending, commonly referred to as outside spending, describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.[29][30][31]

This section lists satellite spending in this race reported by news outlets in alphabetical order. If you are aware of spending that should be included, please email us.

  • Fight Corporate Monopolies PAC spent $90,000 on a campaign ad opposing Clay. The Intercept's Ryan Grim wrote that the group "is launching a six-figure ad buy ... focusing on Lacy Clay's role in fighting against Obama's conflict-of-interest rule" according to Faiz Shakir, U.S. Sen. Bernie Sanders' (I-Vt.) former presidential campaign manager and an adviser to the PAC.[32] The rule in question was a 2009 proposal by the Obama administration "that would require financial advisers to have the best interests of their clients in mind," according to Grim.[32] Clay, a member of the House Financial Services Committee, opposed the rule.[32] In 2016, Labor Secretary Tom Perez (D) issued a final rule, which was overturned by the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in 2018.[33]

Primaries in Missouri

A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. Missouri utilizes an open primary system, in which registered voters do not have to be members of a party to vote in that party's primary.[34][35][36]

For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.

What's at stake in the general election?

U.S. House elections were held on November 3, 2020, and coincided with the 2020 presidential election. All 435 House districts were up for election, and the results determined control of the U.S. House in the 117th Congress.

At the time of the election, Democrats had a 232-197 advantage over Republicans. There was one Libertarian member, and there were five vacancies. Republicans needed to gain a net 21 seats to win control of the House. Democrats needed to gain seats or lose fewer than 14 net seats to keep their majority.

In the 2018 midterm election, Democrats had a net gain of 40 seats, winning a 235-200 majority in the House. Heading into the 2018 election, Republicans had a 235-193 majority with seven vacancies.

In the 25 previous House elections that coincided with a presidential election, the president's party had gained House seats in 16 elections and lost seats in nine. In years where the president's party won districts, the average gain was 18. In years where the president's party lost districts, the average loss was 27. Click here for more information on presidential partisanship and down-ballot outcomes.


General election race ratings

See also: Race rating definitions and methods

Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:

  • Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
  • Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
  • Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[37]
  • Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.

Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[38][39][40]

Race ratings: Missouri's 1st Congressional District election, 2020
Race trackerRace ratings
November 3, 2020October 27, 2020October 20, 2020October 13, 2020
The Cook Political ReportSolid DemocraticSolid DemocraticSolid DemocraticSolid Democratic
Inside Elections with Nathan L. GonzalesSolid DemocraticSolid DemocraticSolid DemocraticSolid Democratic
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal BallSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every week throughout the election season.

District analysis

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores

The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was D+29, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were 29 percentage points more Democratic than the national average. This made Missouri's 1st Congressional District the 30th most Democratic nationally.[41]

FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 0.98. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 0.98 points toward that party.[42]

District election history

2018

See also: Missouri's 1st Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House Missouri District 1

Incumbent William Lacy Clay defeated Robert Vroman and Robb Cunningham in the general election for U.S. House Missouri District 1 on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of William Lacy Clay
William Lacy Clay (D)
 
80.1
 
219,781
Image of Robert Vroman
Robert Vroman (R) Candidate Connection
 
16.7
 
45,867
Image of Robb Cunningham
Robb Cunningham (L)
 
3.2
 
8,727

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 274,375
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Missouri District 1

Incumbent William Lacy Clay defeated Cori Bush, Joshua Shipp, and Demarco Davidson in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Missouri District 1 on August 7, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of William Lacy Clay
William Lacy Clay
 
56.7
 
81,812
Image of Cori Bush
Cori Bush
 
36.9
 
53,250
Image of Joshua Shipp
Joshua Shipp Candidate Connection
 
3.4
 
4,974
Image of Demarco Davidson
Demarco Davidson
 
2.9
 
4,243

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 144,279
(100.00% precincts reporting)
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Missouri District 1

Robert Vroman defeated Edward Van Deventer Jr. and Camille Lombardi-Olive in the Republican primary for U.S. House Missouri District 1 on August 7, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Robert Vroman
Robert Vroman Candidate Connection
 
34.5
 
5,101
Image of Edward Van Deventer Jr.
Edward Van Deventer Jr. Candidate Connection
 
32.9
 
4,876
Image of Camille Lombardi-Olive
Camille Lombardi-Olive
 
32.6
 
4,829

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 14,806
(100.00% precincts reporting)
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Libertarian primary election

Libertarian primary for U.S. House Missouri District 1

Robb Cunningham advanced from the Libertarian primary for U.S. House Missouri District 1 on August 7, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Robb Cunningham
Robb Cunningham
 
100.0
 
478

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 478
(100.00% precincts reporting)
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

2016

See also: Missouri's 1st Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Democratic. Incumbent William Lacy Clay (D) defeated Steven Bailey (R) and Robb Cunningham (L) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Clay defeated Maria Chappelle-Nadal and Bill Haas in the Democratic primary, while Bailey defeated Paul Berry to win the Republican nomination. The primary elections took place on August 2, 2016. Clay won re-election in the November 8 election.[43][44][45]

U.S. House, Missouri District 1 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngWilliam Lacy Clay Incumbent 75.5% 236,993
     Republican Steven Bailey 20% 62,714
     Libertarian Robb Cunningham 4.6% 14,317
Total Votes 314,024
Source: Missouri Secretary of State


U.S. House, Missouri District 1 Democratic Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngWilliam Lacy Clay Incumbent 62.6% 56,139
Maria Chappelle-Nadal 26.8% 24,059
Bill Haas 10.5% 9,422
Total Votes 89,620
Source: Missouri Secretary of State


U.S. House, Missouri District 1 Republican Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngSteven Bailey 67.2% 12,450
Paul Berry 32.8% 6,067
Total Votes 18,517
Source: Missouri Secretary of State

2014

See also: Missouri's 1st Congressional District elections, 2014

The 1st Congressional District of Missouri held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent William Lacy Clay (D) defeated Daniel Elder (R) and Robb E. Cunningham (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, Missouri District 1 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngWilliam Lacy Clay Incumbent 73% 119,315
     Republican Daniel Elder 21.6% 35,273
     Libertarian Robb E. Cunningham 5.4% 8,906
Total Votes 163,494
Source: Missouri Secretary of State

State profile

See also: Missouri and Missouri elections, 2020
USA Missouri location map.svg

Partisan data

The information in this section was current as of July 24, 2020.

Presidential voting pattern

  • Missouri voted Republican in all seven presidential elections between 2000 and 2024.

Congressional delegation

State executives

  • Democrats held one and Republicans held five of Missouri's 16 state executive offices. Elections for the other offices are nonpartisan.
  • Missouri's governor was Republican Mike Parson.

State legislature

Missouri Party Control: 1992-2025
Eight years of Democratic trifectas  •  Thirteen years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Governor R D D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R
Senate D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
House D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R

Missouri quick stats
More Missouri coverage on Ballotpedia:


Demographic data for Missouri
 MissouriU.S.
Total population:6,076,204316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):68,7423,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:82.6%73.6%
Black/African American:11.5%12.6%
Asian:1.8%5.1%
Native American:0.4%0.8%
Pacific Islander:0.1%0.2%
Two or more:2.4%3%
Hispanic/Latino:3.9%17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:88.4%86.7%
College graduation rate:27.1%29.8%
Income
Median household income:$48,173$53,889
Persons below poverty level:18.2%11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Missouri.
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.


See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Clay's 2020 campaign website, "News," accessed July 24, 2020
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 St. Louis Today, "Editorial: We recommend Rep. Lacy Clay in the U.S. House District 1 Democratic primary," July 23, 2020
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Bush's 2020 campaign website, "Endorsements," accessed July 24, 2020
  4. ↑ Twitter, "Cori Bush," July 23, 2020
  5. ↑ St. Louis Public Radio, "Insurgency Vs. Staying Power: Bush-Clay Rematch Latest Bout In National Democratic Conflict," July 28, 2020
  6. ↑ Bush's 2020 campaign website, "Campaign Finance Reform," accessed July 29, 2020
  7. ↑ Open Secrets, "Missouri District 01 2020 Race," accessed July 24, 2020
  8. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Reports of Receipts and Disbursements Clay Jr. for Congress," July 20, 2018
  9. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Reports of Receipts and Disbursements Cori Bush 2018, November 30, 2019
  10. ↑ Candidate Connection surveys completed before September 26, 2019, were not used to generate candidate profiles. In battleground primaries, Ballotpedia based its selection of noteworthy candidates on polling, fundraising, and noteworthy endorsements. In battleground general elections, all major party candidates and any other candidates with the potential to impact the outcome of the race were included.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 The St. Louis American, "The St. Louis American endorses …," July 23, 2020
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 WICZ ,"Jamaal Bowman endorses Missouri progressive Cori Bush in primary challenge to Lacy Clay," July 23, 2020
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Facebook, "Lacy Clay," July 28, 2020
  14. ↑ Brand New Congress, "Candidates," accessed December 2, 2019
  15. ↑ Congressional Progressive Caucus website, "CONGRESSIONAL PROGRESSIVE CAUCUS ANNOUNCES SECOND ROUND OF ENDORSEMENTS FOR THE 2020 ELECTION CYCLE," September 20, 2019
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Facebook, "Democratic Socialists of America," July 31, 2020
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Facebook, "Cori Bush," July 29, 2020
  18. ↑ The Hill, "Justice Democrats issues 3 new endorsements for progressive candidates," July 10, 2019
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Clay's 2020 campaign website, "2020 Endorsements," accessed July 24, 2020
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 YouTube, "Errol and Cori," July 28, 2020
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Federal Election Commission, "Independent expenditures," accessed July 30, 2020
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Twitter, "Greg Giroux," July 27, 2020
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 YouTube, "Our Time," July 22, 2020
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 YouTube, "Wall Street Clay," July 20, 2020
  25. ↑ YouTube, "Cori Bush for Congress," July 19, 2020
  26. ↑ Twitter, "Greg Giroux," July 29, 2020
  27. ↑ Fundraising by primary candidates can be found on the race's respective primary election page. Fundraising by general election candidates can be found on the race's general election page.
  28. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2022 Quarterly Reports," accessed March 2, 2022
  29. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed September 22, 2015
  30. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed September 22, 2015
  31. ↑ National Review.com, "Why the Media Hate Super PACs," November 6, 2015
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 The Intercept," "Rep. Lacy Clay's Clash with Obama Administration over Wall Street Reforms Haunts his Reelection Fight," July 20, 2020
  33. ↑ Investopedia, "Everything You Need to Know About the DOL Fiduciary Rule," December 19, 2019
  34. ↑ NCSL,"State Primary Election Types," accessed April 4, 2023
  35. ↑ Ballotpedia research conducted December 26, 2013, through January 3, 2014, researching and analyzing various state websites and codes.
  36. ↑ John R. Ashcroft Missouri Secretary of State,"Frequently Asked Questions," accessed April 4, 2023
  37. ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
  38. ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
  39. ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
  40. ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
  41. ↑ Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
  42. ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
  43. ↑ Missouri Secretary of State, "UNOFFICIAL Candidate Filing List," accessed March 30, 2016
  44. ↑ Politico, "Missouri House Primaries Results," August 2, 2016
  45. ↑ CNN, "Missouri House 01 Results," November 8, 2016


Missouri's current delegation to the United States Congress
Senators
Josh Hawley (R)
Eric Schmitt (R)
Representatives
District 1
District 2
District 3
Bob Onder (R)
District 4
District 5
District 6
District 7
District 8
Republican Party (8)
Democratic Party (2)


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