Missouri Ballot Measures: Historical Ballot Measures Factbook

Historical Ballot Measures Factbook

Missouri Ballot Measures

Missouri voters decided on 420 ballot measures between 1908 and 2024

Ballotpedia completed an inventory of all Missouri ballot measures since 1908. Missouri voters decided on 420 ballot measures between 1908 and 2024. Of these, 195 (46.4%) were approved and 225 (53.6%) were defeated.

Out of these measures, 258 were referred to the ballot by the state legislature, while 130 were placed on the ballot through a successful citizen initiative (four measures were automatically referred to the ballot). Of the legislative referrals, 139 (54%) were approved and 119 were defeated, while out of the citizen initiatives, 45 (35%) were approved and 85 were defeated. The other 32 measures were automatic referrals or questions or constitutional convention referrals.

The inventory of Missouri statewide ballot measures is part of Ballotpedia's Historical Ballot Measure Factbook, which will document nearly 200 years of direct democracy in the United States. This ongoing research effort will provide an unparalleled resource for researchers, reporters, and the voting public on how ballot measures have evolved, the issues they've covered, and the role they have played in our civic life.

Explore the topics below for detailed information:

Database search table
This section provides a table to search Missouri historical ballot measures by decade and keyword.
Notable topics
This section summarizes notable topics Missouri voters have decided on.
Statistics
This section highlights measures with the closest and widest margins, as well as the breakdown by topic, decade, and type.
Background
This section describes the process of placing a statewide measure on the ballot.

Historic Ballot Measure Lookup Tool

2020-2029 Ballot Measures
Year	Type	Title	Description	Result
2026	LRCA	Prohibit Abortion and Gender Transition Procedures for Minors Amendment	Prohibit abortion in most cases, and prohibit gender transition procedures for minors under eighteen	On the ballot
2026	LRCA	Require Approval in Each Congressional District for Citizen-Initiated Constitutional Amendments and Add Provisions on Petition Fraud and Foreign Contributions Amendment	Require the majority of voters from each congressional district to approve initiative petitions to amend the constitution, prohibit foreign nationals from contributing to ballot measure campaigns, among other provisions	On the ballot
2026	LRCA	Require Election of Jackson County Assessor Amendment	Require the Jackson County Assessor to be an elected position	On the ballot
2026	ABR	Sales Tax for Parks and Conservation Amendment	Renew the existing sales and use tax of 0.1% for 10 years to fund state parks and soil and water conservation	On the ballot
2024	LRCA	Amendment 1	Allow childcare establishments to be exempt from property tax	Defeated
2024	CICA	Amendment 2	Legalize and regulate sports wagering in Missouri	Approved
2024	CICA	Amendment 3	Provide for a state constitutional right to reproductive freedom, defined to include abortion	Approved
2024	LRCA	Amendment 4	Allow the Legislature to pass a law requiring Kansas City to increase funding for the Kansas City Police Department	Approved
2024	CICA	Amendment 5	Allow the Missouri Gaming Commission to issue one additional gambling boat license to operate on the portion of the Osage River from the Missouri River to the Bagnell Dam	Defeated
2024	LRCA	Amendment 6	Define the administration of justice to include the levying of costs and fees to support the salaries and benefits for law enforcement personnel	Defeated
2024	LRCA	Amendment 7	Prohibit ranked-choice voting (RCV) and the state local and governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	Approved
2024	CISS	Proposition A	Increase the state's minimum wage to $15 per hour and require employers to provide earned paid sick leave for employees	Approved
2022	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize the state treasurer to invest in certain municipal securities	Defeated
2022	CICA	Amendment 3	Legalize marijuana in Missouri	Approved
2022	LRCA	Amendment 4	Allow the Legislature to pass a law requiring Kansas City to increase funding for the Kansas City Police Department	Overturned
2022	LRCA	Amendment 5	Create the Missouri Department of the National Guard	Approved
2022	Automatic constitutional convention question	Question	Ask voters whether to hold a state constitutional convention	Defeated
2020	LRCA	Amendment 1	Sets a two-term limit for lieutenant governor, secretary of state, state auditor, and attorney general	Defeated
2020	CICA	Amendment 2	Expands Medicaid under the ACA	Approved
2020	LRCA	Amendment 3	Addresses lobbying, campaign finance, and redistricting procedures	Approved

2010-2019 Ballot Measures
Year	Type	Title	Description	Result
2018	CICA	Amendment 1	Address lobbying, campaign finance, and redistricting procedures	Approved
2018	CICA	Amendment 2	Legalize marijuana for medical purposes	Approved
2018	CICA	Amendment 3	Legalize marijuana for medical purposes	Defeated
2018	LRCA	Amendment 4	Change requirement to manage bingo games and advertising at bingo games	Approved
2018	VR	Proposition A	Approval upholds Senate Bill 19, a right to work law; defeat rejects the law	Defeated
2018	CISS	Proposition B	Increase the state's minimum wage each year until reaching $12 in 2023	Approved
2018	CISS	Proposition C	Legalize marijuana for medical purposes	Defeated
2018	LRSS	Proposition D	Increase gas tax, provides tax exemption for Olympic prizes, and creates fund for projects to improve roads and alleviate bottleneck traffic	Defeated
2016	CISS	Proposition A	Increase taxes on cigarettes by 23 cents per pack by 2021 and to add an additional 5 percent sales tax for other tobacco products	Defeated
2016	CICA	Amendment 3	Increase the taxes on cigarette packs from 17 cents to 77 cents by 2020 and impose an additional fee on tobacco wholesalers at an initial rate of 67 cents per pack	Defeated
2016	CICA	Amendment 4	Prohibit a new state sales or use tax on any service or activity that was not subject to a sales or use tax as of January 1, 2015	Approved
2016	ABR	Amendment 1	Renew the existing sales and use tax of 0.1 percent for 10 years to fund state parks and soil and water conservation	Approved
2016	CICA	Amendment 2	Establish limits on campaign contributions to candidates for state or judicial office	Approved
2016	LRCA	Amendment 6	Allow the state government to require the presentation of voter IDs at public elections in order to prove national and state citizenship	Approved
2014	LRCA	Amendment 1	Amend the state constitution to provide for the right for ranchers and farmers to engage in their livelihoods and produce food for others	Approved
2014	LRCA	Amendment 5	Amend the state constitution to establish the unalienable right of citizens to keep and bear arms, ammunition and accessories associated with the normal functioning of such arms, for the purpose of defense of one’s person, family, home and property	Approved
2014	LRCA	Amendment 6	Establish a six-day long early voting period starting in 2016	Defeated
2014	LRCA	Amednment 9	Add electronic communications and data to the Missouri Constitution's prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures	Approved
2014	LRCA	Amendment 2	Allow relevant evidence of prior criminal acts, also known as propensity evidence, to be admissible in court in prosecutions of sexual crimes involving a victim under 18 years old	Approved
2014	LRCA	Amendment 10	Prohibit the governor from estimating available state revenues when making budget recommendations to the legislature in situations where estimated available state revenues are determined from proposed, but not yet approved, legislation	Approved
2014	CICA	Amendment 3	Implement teacher performance evaluations that would have been used to determine whether a teacher should be dismissed, retained, demoted or promoted; and preventing teachers from collectively bargaining over the terms of these evaluations	Defeated
2014	LRCA	Amendment 7	Impose a temporary 0.75 percent increase on the state sales and use tax to fund transportation projects	Defeated
2014	LRCA	Amendment 8	Create of a new lottery ticket to fund veterans' programs	Defeated
2012	LRCA	Amendment 2	Provide that a citizen's right to express religious beliefs or pray shall not be infringed, and that the right to worship includes prayer in public or private settings, including in all public schools	Approved
2012	LRCA	Amendment 3	Grant the governor the power to appoint 4 persons to the Appellate Judicial Commission, the body responsible for choosing nominees for the Court of Appeals and the Missouri Supreme Court, and providing for the governor to have the power to choose three of the seven total members at the time this proposal was made	Defeated
2012	CICA	Proposition A	Require that all municipal police forces or departments be controlled by the local governing body	Approved
2012	LRSS	Proposition E	Prohibit the governor and state agencies from creating or running state-based health insurance exchanges without approval from voters through a ballot measure or from the state legislature	Approved
2012	CISS	Proposition B	Create the Health and Education Trust Fund with by using the revenue generated from a tax of $0.0365 per cigarette and 25% of the manufacturer's invoice price for roll-your-own tobacco and 15% for other tobacco products	Defeated
2010	LRCA	Amendment 1	Require county assessors to be elected in all charter counties, except those with a population between 600,001 and 699,999	Approved
2010	LRCA	Amendment 2	Exempt former prisoners of war with a total service-connected disability from paying property taxes on their homestead	Approved
2010	CICA	Amendment 3	Prohibit the state and local governments in Missouri from imposing new taxes on the sale or transfer of real estate	Approved
2010	CISS	Proposition A	Repeal certain cities' authority to use earnings taxes to fund their budgets, require voter approval every five years for existing earnings taxes, phase out unapproved taxes over ten years, and prohibit new earnings taxes	Approved
2010	CISS	Proposition B	Require large-scale dog breeders to meet specific care standards, limit breeders to 50 dogs, and establish a misdemeanor crime for "puppy mill cruelty" violations	Approved
2010	LRSS	Proposition C	Prohibit government penalties for refusing to buy private health insurance, protect direct payment for healthcare services, and modify laws on liquidating certain domestic insurance companies	Approved

2000-2009 Ballot Measures
Year	Type	Title	Description	Result
2008	LRCA	Amendment 1	Require all official proceedings of public governmental bodies to be conducted in English	Approved
2008	LRCA	Amendment 4	Modify stormwater project financing by restricting grants and loans to public water and sewer districts, remove funding caps and disbursement limits, and mandate loan repayments be used solely for stormwater control projects	Approved
2008	CISS	Proposition A	Enact a law to repeal gambling loss limits, prohibit future limits, require identification to prove an individual is at least 21 years old, restrict casino numbers, increase the casino tax from 20% to 21%, allocate new gambling tax revenue to education through a dedicated fund, and require annual audits	Approved
2008	CISS	Proposition B	Establish the Missouri Quality Homecare Council to ensure quality home care services for the elderly and individuals with disabilities under Medicaid by recruiting, training, and stabilizing the home care workforce	Approved
2008	CISS	Proposition C	Enact a law to require investor-owned electric utilities in Missouri to generate or purchase their use of renewable energy to at least 15% by 2021, including 2% from solar, and limit consumer rate increases at 1%	Approved
2006	ABR	Amendment 1	Reauthorize the 0.1% sales and use tax for soil and water conservation, state parks, and historic sites for ten years, with a requirement to resubmit the issue for a vote every decade or earlier	Approved
2006	CICA	Amendment 2	Authorize federally permitted stem cell research in Missouri, ban human cloning, ensure patient access to therapies, require oversight and reporting, enforce penalties for violations, and prevent government interference	Approved
2006	CICA	Amendment 3	Establish a Healthy Future Trust Fund, funded by increased tobacco taxes, to support tobacco prevention, healthcare access for low-income individuals and Medicaid recipients, and related administrative costs, with funds kept separate from general revenue and subject to annual audits	Defeated
2006	LRCA	Amendment 6	Authorize a tax exemption for real and personal property used exclusively for nonprofit activities of veterans' organizations	Approved
2006	LRCA	Amendment 7	Require the forfeiture of state pensions for legislators, statewide officials, and judges convicted of felonies or removed for misconduct, and mandate that their compensation be set by a citizens' commission subject to voter approval	Approved
2006	CISS	Proposition B	Enact a law to raise Missouri's minimum wage to $6.50 per hour or the federal minimum if higher, with annual adjustments based on the Consumer Price Index	Approved
2004	CICA	Amendment 1	Authorize regulated floating gambling facilities on the White River in Rockaway Beach, Missouri, with 50% of state revenues allocated to teacher salary supplements and capital improvements in priority school districts	Defeated
2004	LRCA	Amendment 2	Define marriage as between a man and a woman	Approved
2004	CICA	Amendment 3	Allocate all motor fuel tax revenues to highways, roads, and bridges while requiring vehicle taxes and fees to fund state highway construction and maintenance, with up to half gradually allocated to repay state highway bonds over four years	Approved
2002	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize the citizens of St. Louis to amend or revise their city charter to reorganize county functions and offices in accordance with state constitution and laws	Approved
2002	CICA	Amendment 2	Allow firefighters, ambulance personnel, and emergency dispatchers the right to collectively bargain with their employers but prohibit them from striking	Defeated
2002	LRCA	Amendment 3	Exclude service of less than half a legislative term due to a special election from the calculation of term limits for Missouri General Assembly members	Approved
2002	LRCA	Amendment 4	Authorize joint boards or commissions formed by political subdivisions to own projects, issue bonds without creating state or local debt, and operate without Public Service Commission regulation	Approved
2002	Automatic constitutional convention question	Constitutional Amendment	Initiate a convention to revise and amend the Missouri State Constitution	Defeated
2002	Automatic constitutional convention question	Constitutional Convention Question		Defeated
2002	LRSS	Proposition A	Establish a fee of up to $0.50 for every wireless telephone number to fund a wireless enhanced 911 service	Defeated
2002	CISS	Proposition A	Enact a law to increase tobacco taxes to fund healthcare, emergency preparedness, medical research, smoking prevention, and early childhood education through a Healthy Families Trust Fund	Defeated
2002	LRSS	Proposition B	Increase the sales and use taxes by 0.5% and fuel taxes to $0.04 per gallon to fund highways and transportation until July 2013, unless extended by voters, and creates an inspector general for the transportation department	Defeated
2000	LRCA	Amendment 1	Establish a budget reserve fund to be used by the governor in budget emergencies with two-thirds approval by the legislature	Approved
2000	LRCA	Amendment 2	Reduce the amount of time that individuals are required to be members of a licensed organization to participate in the management, conduct, or operation of a licensed bingo game	Defeated
2000	LRCA	Amendment 3	Require legislative approval for salaries recommended by the Citizens' Commission for elected officials and judges, and remove the commission's authority to set mileage and expenses	Defeated
2000	CISS	Proposition A	Prohibit new construction of most new outdoor advertising and place restrictions on already existing outdoor advertising along national highway systems in the state	Defeated
2000	CISS	Proposition B	Establish a public campaign finance system for certain candidates campaigns funded by an increased franchised tax levied on corporations	Defeated

1990-1999 Ballot Measures
Year	Type	Title	Description	Result
1999	LRSS	Proposition A	Authorize the Missouri office of administration to establish a fee for every wireless telephone number of up to $0.50 per month to fund wireless enhanced 911 service	Defeated
1999	LRSS	Proposition B	Require sheriffs or chief of police to issue permits to carry concealed firearms to approved applicants if various statutory requirements are met	Defeated
1998	LRCA	Amendment 1	Change the deadline for submitting initiative petitions from four months to six months before the election	Approved
1998	LRCA	Amendment 2	Require voter approval for school boards to set operating levies above $2,750 per $100,000 of assessed property value	Approved
1998	LRCA	Amendment 3	Allow the Kansas City Board of Education to set its operating levy at a rate below the 1995 court-ordered level without voter approval	Approved
1998	LRCA	Amendment 4	Establish, with voter approval, maximum bonding capacity for school districts at an amount less than 15% of the value of taxable tangible property in the district	Approved
1998	LRCA	Amendment 5	Require the state treasurer to prepare a written investment policy for investment of state funds, and authorize categories of permitted investments to include banker's acceptances and commercial paper	Approved
1998	LRCA	Amendment 6	Authorize an issue of revenue bonds to fund municipal or joint sewer improvement projects	Approved
1998	LRCA	Amendment 7	Authorize the state to issue bonds to fund water and sewer grants or loans for infrastructure improvements	Approved
1998	LRCA	Amendment 8	Authorize federally recognized religious or charitable organizations to sponsor raffles and sweepstakes regulated by the state	Approved
1998	CICA	Amendment 9	Authorize the Missouri General Assembly to permit gambling on excursion boats and floating facilities on the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, including artificial water spaces within 1,000 feet of the main channel	Approved
1998	CISS	Proposition A	Criminalize animal baiting, fighting, and bear wrestling, authorizing the participation, promotion, or facilitation of such activities a felony or misdemeanor	Approved
1996	LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize school districts, with voter approval, to increase their bonded indebtedness limit from 10% to 15% of district property value	Defeated
1996	LRCA	Amendment 3	Authorize an annual transfer of general revenue funds to the Facilities Maintenance Reserve Fund for state facility upkeep, transferring approximately $5.4 million	Approved
1996	LRCA	Amendment 4	Require a statewide vote to approve any annual tax or fee increases exceeding $50 million or 1% of total state revenue	Approved
1996	LRCA	Amendment 5	Establish a state department of aging within the executive branch of state government of state government	Defeated
1996	LRCA	Amendment 6	Authorize municipalities, with voter approval, to issue bonds to construct sewer treatment plants, and remove water plants from regulation as public utility	Defeated
1996	LRCA	Amendment 7	Establish a Budget Stabilization Fund within the state treasury to provide a reserve in years where revenue projections are below expectations	Defeated
1996	ABR	Amendment 8	Extend the existing 0.1% sales and use tax for 10 years to fund soil and water conservation, state parks, historic sites, and for payments in lieu of real property taxes for land acquired by the state for park purposes	Approved
1996	CICA	Amendment 9	Establish Missouri's intent to support a U.S. Constitutional amendment for Congressional term limits and require ballot notations indicating whether candidates support or oppose term limits	Approved
1996	CISS	Proposition A	Amend previously enacted law to incrementally raise the state's minimum wage starting at $6.25 in 1997, increase annually by $0.25 until 1999, then by $0.15 per year from 2000 onward, expand the definition of "employee," and allow the legislature or municipalities to further increase wage coverage	Defeated
1995	LRCA	Amendment 1	Repeal prohibitions on special laws for specific counties and classify charter or constitutional counties separately	Approved
1994	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize first-class counties to adopt an alternative form of government with voter approval, limit taxes to those authorized by state law, and modify petition requirements for county charter questions	Approved
1994	LRCA	Amendment 2	Require the Department of Natural Resources to pay counties, schools, and other political subdivisions for taxes lost because of land acquisition for park use, with payments funded by state park sales tax which terminates in 1998	Approved
1994	LRCA	Amendment 3	Authorize lotteries, gift enterprises, and games of change or skill to be conducted on excursion gambling boats and floating facilities only on the Mississippi River and Missouri River	Defeated
1994	LRCA	Amendment 4	Authorize an issuance of $250 million in bonds to fund construction and maintenance of buildings for prisons, youth services, and higher education	Approved
1994	LRCA	Amendment 5	Establish the Citizen's Commission, which would set the compensation for all elected state officials	Approved
1994	CICA	Amendment 6	Authorize lotteries, gift enterprises, and games of chance to be conduced on excursion gambling boats and floating facilities on the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers	Approved
1994	CICA	Amendment 7	Limit annual state revenue increases from new or increased taxes and fees to 0.2% unless approved by voters, require voter approval for most local tax increases, and prohibit the state from mandating local tax increases on political subdivisions as a requirement for maintaining their corporate status or existing level of state funding	Defeated
1994	CISS	Proposition A	Establish campaign contribution limits per election cycle to $100 and $200 based on district size and $300 for statewide candidates, require donor employer or occupation disclosure for contributions over $25, mandate excess contributions be returned or sent to the Missouri Ethics Commission, establish a commission on fair elections, and allow complaints for violations	Approved
1992	LRCA	Amendment 10	Require a four-sevenths majority for all bond issue elections in St. Louis	Defeated
1992	LRCA	Amendment 11	Require that all net state lottery and gaming proceeds be used exclusively for public education, exclude them from total state revenues under Article 10, and require a change in procedure for ticket sales to be changed by law	Approved
1992	CICA	Amendment 12	Limit individuals to eight years in either the Missouri House or Senate, or a total of sixteen years in both, excluding service prior to the amendment's effective date	Approved
1992	CICA	Amendment 13	Limit Missouri’s U.S. senators to two terms and representatives to four terms, effective only if half of the states enact similar limits, with an expectation of voluntary compliance if found invalid	Approved
1992	LRCA	Amendment 1	Require a four sevenths majority vote to approve certain tax increases at four sevenths in municipal, county, and school district general or primary elections	Defeated
1992	LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize the construction of toll roads and bridges, and allow toll authorities to issue bonds for design and construction of toll roads, which will not constitute a debt or liability to the state	Defeated
1992	LRCA	Amendment 3	Allow off-track wagering through simulcasting by licensed horse track operators	Defeated
1992	LRCA	Amendment 4	Establish criminal victims' rights to be informed of and be present at criminal proceedings, right to restitution, right to protection from defendant, and right to be informed of escape or release of defendant	Approved
1992	LRCA	Amendment 5	Permit local governments and school districts, with voter approval, to increase bonded indebtedness by 5% of taxable property value for earthquake-resistant public building upgrades	Defeated
1992	LRCA	Amendment 6	Create a Budget Stabilization Fund to address funding shortfalls, contingent on approval by a four-sevenths approval of both legislative houses	Defeated
1992	LRCA	Amendment 7	Increase the maximum property tax rate school districts can adopt without a vote and increase the maximum property tax rate with a simple majority approval; and, raise the authorized rate from $1.25 to $2.00 per $100 assessed valuation	Defeated
1992	LRCA	Amendment 8	Reallocate 5% of new motor fuel tax revenues from state road projects to counties and the City of St. Louis	Approved
1992	LRCA	Amendment 9	Limit commercial property surcharge levies to 1992 levels with inflation and construction adjustments	Defeated
1992	LRSS	Proposition A	Authorize riverboat gambling on the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, with regulation by the State Tourism Commission, and limit a $500 maximum loss limit per person per excursion	Approved
1992	LRSS	Proposition C	Assign additional duties to the Lieutenant Governor, including serving on Tourism, Economic Development, Fund Commissioners, and Educational Programs Boards, and establish office of advocacy and assistance for elderly	Approved
1991	LRSS	Proposition B	Increase some taxes and allocate new funding for higher education, K–12 education, and job training programs	Defeated
1990	LRCA	Amendment 1	Revise membership requirements for participating in bingo operations and remove the advertising restrictions	Defeated
1990	LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize the legislature to create neighborhood improvement districts where residents can vote to incur limited debt for public improvements	Approved
1990	LRCA	Amendment 3	Require a four-sevenths majority to approve certain operating levies on municipal, primary, and general election dates while retaining a two-thirds majority on others	Defeated
1990	LRCA	Amendment 4	Establish a state department of insurance with a consumer affairs office, replacing the Missouri division of insurance, with duties to be prescribed by law	Approved
1990	CISS	Proposition A	Establish a Natural Streams System, regulated by a Natural Streams Commission, to protect designated waterways, implement management plans with local input, and fund administration through user fees and state revenue	Defeated

1980-1989 Ballot Measures
Year	Type	Title	Description	Result
1988	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize a shortened length of annual legislative sessions, require budget completion a week before session ends, and allow special sessions with a three-fourths petition signed by members of each house	Approved
1988	LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize corporations to hold investment real estate, eliminate mandatory cumulative voting, and hold corporate indebtedness to general law standards	Defeated
1988	LRCA	Amendment 3	Increase lottery prize funding, clarify the lottery commission's duties, and remove advertising restrictions	Approved
1988	LRCA	Amendment 4	Require a four-sevenths majority vote to approve bond issues for the construction and maintenance schools, roads, bridges, and job developmental projects on municipal, primary, and general election days, and only require a two-thirds majority vote on other election dates	Approved
1988	LRCA	Amendment 5	Authorize an of issue $275 million of bonds to fund water pollution and storm water projects and to improve the drinking water system	Approved
1988	LRCA	Amendment 6	Allow shareholders to decide a corporation's business purpose and stock voting rules	Approved
1988	ABR	Amendment 7	Extend a one-tenth of one percent sales tax for ten years to fund soil and water conservation and state parks	Approved
1988	CICA	Amendment 8	Create a public health insurance program called MedAssist	Defeated
1987	LRSS	Proposition A	Fund road and bridge repairs through increased truck fees, administrative cost limits, and a $0.04 fuel tax increase	Approved
1986	LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize any bill not signed, vetoed, or returned by the governor within the set time period will become law	Approved
1986	LRCA	Amendment 3	Establish a cash operating reserve fund in the state treasury, and allow money transfers and investments without impacting the total state funds	Approved
1986	LRCA	Amendment 4	Limit county officials' compensation to amounts set by law or authorized authorities, with fiscal effects depending on actions taken by the General Assembly or county governments after adoption	Approved
1986	LRCA	Amendment 5	Authorize cities and counties to issue bonds for public improvements within a special district with the approval of a petition of two-thirds of property owners within that district, and levy a tax on district property owners to repay bonds	Defeated
1986	LRCA	Amendment 6	Allow the state treasurer custody of state funds, allow investment of non-state funds, and authorize investment in long-term federal obligations	Approved
1986	LRCA	Amendment 7	Allow two or more Missouri municipalities, as members of a statewide commission, to jointly issue revenue bonds for construction projects	Approved
1986	LRCA	Amendment 8	Clarify the horse racing amendment, authorize local options, allow legal changes, and may increase the number of tracks in Missouri, potentially generating future revenues without immediate impact on state or local finances	Approved
1984	LRCA	Amendment 1	Permit local government retirement systems to grant cost-of-living adjustments to retirees, provided the system remains financially stable, with local governments deciding the costs based on benefits and funding methods	Approved
1984	LRCA	Amendment 3	Authorize health insurance benefits for the dependents of public employees	Approved
1984	LRCA	Amendment 5	Authorize a state lottery and require the legislature to set regulations and allocate funds, with all costs covered by lottery revenue	Approved
1984	CICA	Amendment 7	Authorize pari-mutuel wagering on horse racing, establish the Missouri Horse Racing Commission, allocate funds to the Commission and various programs, allow counties to ban wagering, and require the state to cover initial costs until wagering revenues are generated	Approved
1984	LRCA	Constitutional Amendment 2		Approved
1984	LRCA	Constitutional Amendment 4		Defeated
1984	LRCA	Constitutional Amendment 6		Approved
1984	CISS	Proposition B	Limit what costs electric companies can pass on to consumers, including unapproved nuclear waste disposal	Defeated
1982	LRCA	Amendment 10	Authorize the Supreme Court to not review every term of life imprisonment	Approved
1982	LRCA	Amendment 11	Authorize a four-sevenths vote instead of two-thirds for bond measures in Clay, Jackson, Platte, St. Louis county, St. Louis city, and school districts and local government areas in those counties	Defeated
1982	LRCA	Amendment 12	Require the State senate reapportionment commission to hold hearings and file plan for new districts the same as the house apportionment commission, and authorize the Supreme Court to appoint judges to draw districts if either commissions does not complete the task	Approved
1982	LRCA	Amendment 2	Prohibit change of laws by regulation and authorize legislature to invalidate administrative regulations	Defeated
1982	LRCA	Amendment 3	Authorize cities and counties to provide for periodical cost of living increases in retirement benefits	Defeated
1982	LRCA	Amendment 4	Establish a maximum school tax rate which may be implemented without voter approval and authorize a raising the school tax rate by a simple majority vote	Defeated
1982	LRCA	Amendment 5	Establish a process for selecting a congressional redistricting commission to redraw district boundaries after each U.S. census and outline its procedures	Defeated
1982	LRCA	Amendment 6	Authorize the legislature to provide medical benefits for dependents of state officers and employees, and authorize legislature to allow local governments to provide similar benefits for their public employees	Defeated
1982	LRCA	Amendment 7	Allow real estate to be included for tax purposes, exempts merchant and manufacturer inventories with compensation through a countywide commercial property tax, and grants a homestead exemption for homeowners	Approved
1982	LRCA	Amendment 8	Authorize a fixed fee or tax for motor vehicles instead of a tax on fuel	Defeated
1982	LRCA	Amendment 9	Establish the process for selecting delegates if voters approve a Missouri constitutional convention	Defeated
1982	Automatic constitutional convention question	Constitutional Convention Question	Authorize a Missouri Constitutional Convention	Defeated
1982	VR	Proposition A	Refer a law to allow longer and heavier trucks on Missouri highways, and to extend metropolitan commercial zones	Defeated
1982	LRSS	Proposition B	Refer a $0.04 per gallon motor fuel fee increase to fund road and bridge maintenance	Defeated
1982	CISS	Proposition C	Increase sales and use taxes by $0.01 per $1.00 to fund schools and highways, reduce school property taxes by half of the additional sales tax revenue, and amend the school aid formula	Approved
1982	CISS	Proposition D	Authorize the creation of consumers' utility organizations with the purpose of representing utility customers' interest in Public Service Commission proceedings, and require utilities to collect voluntary membership dies and mail materials	Defeated
1980	LRCA	Amendment 3	Authorize organizations to conduct bingo games, subject to certain restrictions	Approved
1980	LRCA	Amendment 4	Allocate funds from the one-eighth cent sales tax for payments of commission lands and forest cropland	Approved
1980	CICA	Amendment 5	Limit state taxes to annual income-based adjustments or emergencies, require voter approval for local tax increases, and prohibit unfunded state mandates on local governments	Approved
1980	CISS	Proposition 11	Prohibit the operation of nuclear power plants unless federally approved sites for permanent radioactive waste storage exist	Defeated

1970-1979 Ballot Measures
Year	Type	Title	Description	Result
1979	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize an issuance of a maximum of $200,000,000 in bonds to fund sewage treatment facilities	Approved
1979	LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize a consolidation of the highway and transportation departments, change distribution of road funds, and require that one-half of existing sales tax on motor vehicles and any future increase in vehicle license fees be used to fund road and transportation purposes	Approved
1978	LRCA	Amendment 10	Authorize counties to levy additional taxes to fund road and bridge maintenance	Approved
1978	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize a county with a population of 80,000 inhabitants or more to adopt a charter form of government	Approved
1978	LRCA	Amendment 21	Designate revenue from the conservation commission’s one-eighth cent sales tax to pay for commission lands acquired after July 1, 1977, and forest cropland, instead of taxes	Defeated
1978	LRCA	Amendment 22	Authorize the General Assembly to require local governments to reduce rates of levy for taxes	Approved
1978	CICA	Amendment 23	Prohibit the denial of the right to work for any employer based on membership status or payment of charges to any labor organization	Defeated
1978	LRCA	Amendment 2	Revise the state treasurer's duties with investment of state funds and authorizes the legislature to assign other duties to the treasurer	Defeated
1978	LRCA	Amendment 3	Authorize an appointed commission of appellate judges to draw state legislative districts	Defeated
1978	LRCA	Amendment 4	Require a cost analysis by a qualified actuary before approving substantial changes to public officials' and employees' retirement benefits, with cost estimates pending legislative action	Approved
1978	CICA	Amendment 5	Increase the gas tax from $0.07 to $0.10 a gallon and increase the the counties' share of net proceeds from 5% to 7%	Defeated
1978	LRCA	Amendment 6	Authorize counties to issue with approval of a majority vote utility or airport revenue bonds, and authorize county and local governments to issue industrial development revenue bonds	Approved
1978	LRCA	Amendment 7	Authorize officers established by contract with municipalities or political subdivisions to issue revenue bonds for utility, industrial, and airport purposes with the approval of the voters	Approved
1978	LRCA	Amendment 8	Permit lottery as a game of chance where nothing of value is exchanged for an opportunity to receive a prize	Approved
1978	LRCA	Amendment 9	Authorize the board of state canvassers to have an earlier time for canvass of votes for each general election	Approved
1976	CICA	Amendment 1	Enact a 1/8 of 1% sales tax to fund conservation projects	Approved
1976	LRCA	Amendment 1	Eliminate the 25-year limit on laws that allow partial tax reductions for land used for forestry purposes	Approved
1976	LRCA	Amendment 2	Repeal provision that requires each election ballot be assigned a number and recorded with the voter's name	Approved
1976	CICA	Amendment 2	Prohibit the taxation on food purchased at stores and medical drugs and devices	Defeated
1976	LRCA	Amendment 3	Authorize counties with a voter approval to issue utility or airport revenue bonds, and authorize counties and town without voter approval to issue industrial development revenue bonds	Defeated
1976	LRCA	Amendment 4	Allow the Missouri legislature to revoke administrative rules and regulations by concurrent resolution without requiring the Governor's approval	Defeated
1976	LRCA	Amendment 5	Repeal the authorization of segregated schools	Approved
1976	LRCA	Amendment 6	Restructure the judiciary by redefining court jurisdictions, create associate circuit judges, modifying the nonpartisan court plan and judicial retirement rules, abolishing constables and St. Louis City prosecuting attorney, and integrating municipal courts into circuit courts	Approved
1976	CICA	Amendment 7	Allow state funding for certain services and materials in private schools, including support for individuals with disabilities, secular textbooks, and student transportation	Defeated
1976	CISS	Proposition 1	Prohibit electricity charges based on construction costs for facilities not in operation or property of an electrical corporation, allowing such charges for 90 days after the law's effective date	Approved
1974	LRCA	Amendment 1	Allow people 18 years old and older to register and vote in elections	Approved
1974	LRCA	Amendment 2	Allow local governments to issue general obligation bonds for industrial plants with two-thirds voter approval and revenue bonds for utilities, industrial plants, and airports with simple majority approval	Approved
1974	CISS	Proposition 1	Establish new campaign finance and election laws, limit contributions and expenditures, require financial disclosures, create a bipartisan election commission, and enforce penalties for violations	Approved
1972	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize the Missouri General Assembly to exempt certain personal and real property from taxation, provide financial relief to elderly renters, and compensate local governments for lost revenue	Approved
1972	LRCA	Amendment 2	Allow the Missouri General Assembly to prioritize bills returned by the Governor five days or less before the session ends in odd-numbered years for the next session and to reconvene for up to ten days in even-numbered years to reconsider them	Approved
1970	LRCA	Amendment 1	Allow the state treasurer to be elected twice unless they served more than two years of another's treasures incomplete term	Approved
1970	LRCA	Amendment 1	Establish annual legislative sessions, ban secret final votes, allow reconvening to consider vetoed bills, and permit hiring more legislative employees	Approved
1970	LRCA	Amendment 2	Allow citizens of charter counties to determine, through charter amendments, what services the county government may provide countywide	Approved
1970	LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize the State Highway Commission to build and operate toll roads, using state highway revenue to guarantee toll road bonds	Defeated
1970	LRCA	Amendment 3	Increase the maximum property tax rate that local governments with valuations under $1.2 billion may levy without voter approval from 50 to 75 cents per $100 valuation.	Defeated
1970	LRCA	Amendment 3	Establish a Court of Appeals with districts, modify the Supreme Court of Missouri’s exclusive jurisdiction, authorize court administration changes, create a judicial retirement and discipline commission, and mandate the retirement of judges at age seventy	Approved
1970	LRCA	Amendment 4	Authorize that a school district's tax rate remains the last voter-approved rate unless an increase is rejected, while allowing the school board to levy a lower rate	Approved
1970	VR	Proposition 1	Refer a law that increases State employees' retirement benefits and establishes a separate, State-funded retirement system for legislators and elected State officers	Defeated
1970	VR	Proposition 1	Refer an existing income tax law and replace it with revised tax rates adopted from the federal income tax law	Defeated

1960-1969 Ballot Measures
Year	Type	Title	Description	Result
1968	LRCA	Amendment 1	Expand the gubernatorial line of succession to include the secretary of state, state auditor, state treasurer, and attorney general, and establish a board to determine the governor’s ability to serve, with the Supreme Court resolving disputes	Approved
1968	LRCA	Amendment 1	Decrease the voter approval thresholds for municipal bonds, allowing a 60% approval for general obligation bonds and a majority for revenue bonds, and expand the purposes for which municipalities can issue bonds to include sewer systems, stadiums, exhibition halls, and bridges	Defeated
1968	LRCA	Amendment 2	Allow the General Assembly to define taxable income based on United States laws while making exceptions or modifications and grants it authority to set the tax rate	Approved
1966	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize first class counties to provide death benefits, pensions, and retirement plans for salaried employees and their families, and allow the legislature to permit any local government or entity to establish similar retirement programs	Approved
1966	LRCA	Amendment 1	Allow St. Louis County and St. Louis City to adopt a plan for partial or complete government unification and establish a process for selecting a board of freeholders	Approved
1966	LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize school districts to levy a property tax at a rate limited to $1.25 per $100 valuation	Approved
1966	LRCA	Amendment 3	Establish the number of state representatives at 163 and authorize bipartisan commissions to create legislative districts, with the Missouri Supreme Court stepping in if the commissions fail	Approved
1965	LRCA	Amendment 1	Limit a person to being elected Governor twice or only once if they have served more than two years of another person’s elected term	Approved
1965	LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize cities to sell, in addition to leasing, manufacturing and industrial development plants built with revenue bond proceeds	Approved
1965	LRCA	Amendment 3	Set the size of the state House and Senate	Defeated
1962	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize the state, counties, and cities to enact a motor fuel tax with a two-third vote	Approved
1962	LRCA	Amendment 1	Increase the maximum tax rate for City of St. Louis school district and certain charter counties, and permit county school tax for certain charter counties	Defeated
1962	LRCA	Amendment 2	Allow a legislative committee to review executive department regulations and permits the General Assembly to suspend them by resolution	Defeated
1962	LRCA	Amendment 3	Expand charter county powers beyond city limits and allow further expansion within municipalities and political subdivisions through contracts or countywide approval by majority vote	Defeated
1962	CICA	Amendment 4	Authorize the merge of St. Louis City, St. Louis County, and their municipalities (excluding school districts) into a unified government with charter authority and an initial governing framework	Defeated
1962	Automatic constitutional convention question	Constitutional Convention Question	Vote on a Missouri Constitutional Convention	Defeated
1960	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize the convening of the legislature with a temporary succession of all public officers in the state of disaster caused by an enemy attack	Approved
1960	LRCA	Amendment 2	Allow the Legislature to set member salaries by law, provides travel and expense reimbursements, and extends regular legislative sessions until July 15, with bill consideration ending June 30	Approved
1960	LRCA	Amendment 3	Authorize the extension of the special park fund and the spending of the fund on historical sites and state parks	Approved
1960	LRCA	Amendment 4	Allow municipalities in counties with under 400,000 people to incur debt (up to 10% of taxable property value) by a two-thirds vote or issue revenue bonds by a four-sevenths vote to develop industrial plants for private leasing	Approved

1950-1959 Ballot Measures
Year	Type	Title	Description	Result
1958	LRCA	Amendment 1	Allow a process to withdraw money from the state treasury	Approved
1958	LRCA	Amendment 2	Allow United States citizens who have lived in Missouri for more than 60 days to vote in the presidential election	Approved
1958	CISS	Proposition 3	Allow banking institutions, with approval from the Commissioner of Finance, to establish branches within their home city, county, or certain urban areas with over 400,000 people and nearby territories	Defeated
1957	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize a salary of $300 per month for state legislators	Defeated
1956	LRCA	Amendment 1	Issue $75 million in bonds to construct and maintain state eleemosynary and educational institutions	Approved
1956	LRCA	Amendment 1	Revise legislative session dates, expense allowance of legislators, and authorize legislation to set legislators' salaries	Defeated
1956	LRCA	Amendment 2	Allow counties to levy a tax up to $0.50 per $100 valuation for roads and bridges, with an additional $0.35 if approved by voters	Defeated
1956	LRCA	Amendment 3	Authorize excess State Funds to be invested in short term United States obligations or interest bearing time deposit	Approved
1955	VR	Referendum 1	Refer a law that enacts a tax of one mill per cigarette to fund the State School Moneys Fund	Approved
1955	LRSS	Referendum 2	Enact the Foundation Plan, a proposed state education funding law	Approved
1952	LRCA	Amendment 1	Limit the legislative session to five months for a regular session and sixty days for a special session, and authorize a payment of $10 per day in attendance for General Assembly members' daily expenses	Approved
1952	LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize school districts to become indebted up to 10% valuation of taxable property with an approval of two-thirds majority vote	Approved
1950	VR	Amendment 1	Refer a law that increases the motor fuel license tax from two to four cents per gallon to fund highway construction and maintenance, allocates part of the revenue to state rural roads based on county population and area, under the supervision of the State Highway Commission with bipartisan advisory input	Defeated
1950	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize school taxes to be increased up to three times the limit by majority vote for two years in cities over 75,000 and one year in other districts	Approved

1940-1949 Ballot Measures
Year	Type	Title	Description	Result
1948	LRCA	Amendment 1	Increase the motor vehicle fuel tax to fund road maintenance, and abolish the municipal motor vehicle fuel tax	Defeated
1948	LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize cities with a population of 40,000 inhabitants or more to enact a pension for employees and their families	Defeated
1948	LRCA	Amendment 3	Provide a bonus of maximum $400 to Missouri residents who served in the armed force of the United States between December 7, 1941 to September 1, 1945, and which will be paid when the fund amounts to $135,000,000 funded by a 1% sales tax	Defeated
1946	LRCA	Amendment 1	Provide a payment of $5 per day in attendance for Senators and Representatives' expenses	Defeated
1945	CCRCA	State Constitution Ratification Measure	Ratify the state's fourth constitution, the Missouri Constitution of 1945	Approved
1944	LRCA	Amendment 1	Enact a law authorizing legislation that regulates the time and manner of investment, use, or disbursement of revenue and income of county free public school fund	Approved
1944	CICA	Amendment 2	Amend the Missouri State Constitution to establish a unicameral legislature with 50 to 75 members, an annual salary range of $1200 to $1800	Defeated
1942	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize a tax to fund school maintenance in counties with a population more than 200,000 inhabitants and less than 450,000 inhabitants	Approved
1942	LRCA	Amendment 2	Allow counties with assessed valuations between $6 million and $10 million to levy the same property tax rate as other counties	Approved
1942	LRCA	Amendment 3	Repeal Sections 16, 21 and 22, Article IV and enact a new section to set the monthly salary for General Assembly members at $125.00	Approved
1942	LRCA	Amendment 4	Repeal the nonpartisan court plan adopted two years earlier	Defeated
1940	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize the compensation of General Assembly members to $125 per month	Defeated
1940	LRCA	Amendment 2	Repeal Section 41, and enact a new section to establish a revision of statutes every 10 years starting in 1949	Defeated
1940	CICA	Amendment 3	Establish a non-partisan system for the nomination, appointment, and election of judges	Approved
1940	CICA	Amendment 4	Change the basis for calculating the signature requirement for initiative petitions from the number of votes cast for supreme court judge to the number of votes cast for governor	Defeated
1940	CICA	Amendment 5	Repeal the existing wildlife and forestry code, including regulations established by the Conservation Commission, and reinstate the fish and game laws as they existed prior to June 30, 1936	Defeated
1940	CICA	Amendment 6	Establish permanent motor vehicle license fees at the current rate to fund road maintenance	Defeated
1940	CICA	Amendment 7	Reduce motor vehicle license fees, which fund rural road maintenance, and abolish municipal gasoline taxes	Defeated

1930-1939 Ballot Measures
Year	Type	Title	Description	Result
1938	LRCA	Amendment 1	Increase the compensation for General Assembly members	Defeated
1938	LRCA	Amendment 2	Allow the State Treasurer to be re-elected as their own successor	Defeated
1938	LRCA	Amendment 3	Authorize the county courts to levy special tax to fund county hospitals	Defeated
1938	LRCA	Amendment 4	Establish a pension for people over 65 years of age	Approved
1938	CICA	Amendment 6	Establish a motor fuel tax and assign authority to General Assembly and State Highway Commission	Defeated
1938	CICA	Amendment 7	Enact various legislative changes, including redistricting, lawmaker qualifications and compensation, bond issuance, revenue allocation for schools and state parks, rural road expansion, public pensions, and initiative and referendum provisions with exceptions for legislative emergencies	Defeated
1938	CICA	Amendment 8	Change tax assessment, allocate bond funds, eliminate local property taxes on motor vehicles	Defeated
1938	CICA	Amendment 9	Allow sheriffs and coroners to succeed themselves in office	Defeated
1938	VR	Proposition 5	Repeal statues relating to the motor vehicle fuel tax, and enacting legislation to levy a $0.03 motor vehicle fuel tax to fund the construction of the State Highway system	Defeated
1936	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize a salary of $125 per month and $1 per 10 miles traveled for General Assembly members	Defeated
1936	LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize pensions for firemen and for their families	Approved
1936	CICA	Amendment 3	Authorize public funds to be used for retirement, disability, or death benefits for individuals employed in educational services	Approved
1936	CICA	Amendment 4	Establish the Missouri Conservation Commission	Approved
1934	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize $10 million in bonds to be issued to fund construction of buildings in the state	Approved
1934	LRCA	Proposition 1	Authorize members of the General Assembly to receive an annual salary not exceeding $1,000, and providing $30 for travel expenses	Defeated
1934	LRCA	Proposition 2	Authorize the City of St. Louis to include in the charter an election of a chief executive	Approved
1934	CICA	Proposition 3	Allow public funds to be used for retirement, disability, or death benefits for teachers	Defeated
1932	LRCA	Proposition 1	Authorize the Legislature to enact a law that creates a pension for people over 70 year old who are unable to work and are without financial support	Approved
1932	CICA	Proposition 2	Limit each House of the General Assembly to 75 employees, require printed copies of amended bills before final approval, mandate a general law revision every 10 years beginning in 1939, and restrict legislative activity after 70 days to specific bills	Approved
1932	CICA	Proposition 3	Require the Governor to submit an itemized executive budget to the General Assembly within 15 days of its convening and authorize the Governor to approve or veto specific items in appropriation bills, except for public school funding, with objections and reasons submitted to the originating House or the Secretary of State	Approved
1930	LRCA	Proposition 1	Increase General Assembly members' compensation for limited session days, regulate committee expenses and House employees, require incorporation of amendments in pending bills before passage, and establish a legislative revision program every ten years	Defeated
1930	LRCA	Proposition 2	Exempt from taxation all debt accrued for real estate loans where the borrower's total cost does not exceed 5% per year	Defeated
1930	LRCA	Proposition 3	Authorize the payment of public utility bonds and other general bonds to be complete within fifty years for cities with a population of 5,000 or more inhabitants	Defeated
1930	CISS	Proposition 4	Amend the Workmen's Compensation Act of 1927 by removing a section regarding employers' liability insurance and implementing new sections establishing the Missouri Compensation Fund Administration	Defeated
1930	CICA	Proposition 5	Allow by vote the adoption of a new charter for the city of St. Louis and St. Louis county to create a City of Greater St. Louis, which will address government functions but also preserve the municipality governments in this area	Defeated
1930	CICA	Proposition 6	Allow for the taking of private lands to be utilized for public purposes	Defeated
1930	CICA	Proposition 7	Allow county sheriffs and coroners to succeed themselves	Defeated

1920-1929 Ballot Measures
Year	Type	Title	Description	Result
1928	LRCA	Amendment 1	Amend the Missouri State Constitution to increase General Assembly members' compensation, regulate their expenses and sessions, adjust state revenue provisions, set July 1 as the fiscal year's start, outline appropriation procedures, and repeal certain sections	Defeated
1928	CISS	Proposition 2	Enact a law to establish a police pension system for cities with at least 500,000 inhabitants, funded by officer salary assessments, fees, donations, and public funds, and provide benefits to veteran, disabled, and deceased officers' families	Defeated
1928	CICA	Proposition 3	Authorize a bond issue of $75,000,000 to fund construction of state highways	Approved
1926	VR	Proposition 1	Refer the Workmen's Compensation law that provided compensation to injured workers, defined the rights of injured workers and determining the amount of compensation, and established a Commission to administer the law	Defeated
1926	CICA	Proposition 2	Authorize legislation allowing cities establish a pension system for police officer and their families	Approved
1926	CISS	Proposition 3	Repeal laws that prohibited the manufacture, sale, and possession of alcohol	Defeated
1926	CISS	Proposition 3	Enact a new Workmen's Compensation system, establishing rights, liabilities, compensation methods, an oversight commission, and repealing the existing law	Approved
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 10	Amend the Missouri State Constitution which allows political parties the option to nominate a candidate for office by either a primary election or by convention of delegates	Defeated
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 11	Amend the Missouri State Constitution to reorganize government administration for counties, cities, and towns	Defeated
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 12	Amend the Missouri State Constitution to revise limitations of taxing power and allows cities to utilize revolving funds to finance local improvements	Defeated
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 13	Amend the Missouri State Constitution to authorize the General Assembly to utilize an option in the method of taxing property, and implement fees and general property tax for motor vehicle registrations	Defeated
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 14	Amend the Missouri State Constitution to abolish the ex officio State Board of Equalization	Defeated
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 15	Amend the Missouri State Constitution to establish an elected State Board of Education, an appointed Commissioner of Education, revises age of children who are entitled to free education, and allows for investment of State and county school funds	Defeated
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 16	Allow legal discounts on corporate notes and bonds, revise requirements for issuing preferred stock, and update regulations for railway companies regarding freight and passenger transport	Defeated
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 17	Remove exemption from military service, authorize elections and appointments of militia officers, and modify provision for forming companies	Defeated
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 18	Prohibit public officers or employees from appointing relatives within the fourth degree of consanguinity or affinity to public positions	Approved
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 19	Amend the Missouri State Constitution to authorize Kansas City to issue bonds for public improvements and assume the cost of construction of sewer systems	Approved
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 1	Expand the purposes for which religious corporations could be established	Defeated
1924	LRCA	Amendment 1	Amend the Missouri State Constitution to establish the salaries of Supreme Court Judges, add two additional Supreme Court Judges, and establish the powers and procedures of the Supreme Court	Defeated
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 20	Revise the requirement for publishing of proposed amendments to the Constitution	Defeated
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 21	Provide a transitional schedule to implement any approved constitutional amendments	Defeated
1924	LRCA	Amendment 2	Increase the signature requirement for ballot initiatives	Defeated
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 2	Increase the signature requirement for ballot initiatives	Defeated
1924	LRCA	Amendment 3	Establish a system to amend the St. Louis City Charter and adopt a new city charter	Defeated
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 3	Change legislative and redistricting processes and authorize certain public assistance laws	Defeated
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 4	Amend the Missouri State Constitution authorize $4.6 million in bonds to be issued to fund deficiencies in bonus payments for veterans of World War I	Approved
1924	LRCA	Amendment 4	Authorize a regulation of member of the General Assembly's salaries and expenses, and prohibit the appointment relatives of members of the General Assembly	Defeated
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 5	Require the General Assembly to provide for "the safeguarding and promotion of the public health"	Defeated
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 6	Reorganize the executive branch of the state government and establish a new budget process	Defeated
1924	CICA	Amendment 6	Enact a law to establish a worker's compensation for those injured in industrial accidents	Defeated
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 7	Revise the judicial system by establishing a Judicial Council, changing court structure and judge assignments, adjusting jurisdiction and election rules, and granting the legislature authority over court organization and compensation	Defeated
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 8	Amend the Missouri State Constitution to implement impeachment proceedings for the proposed State Board of Education, and require two-thirds of the State Senate members to vote in impeachment proceedings	Approved
1924	CCRCA	Amendment 9	Require that foreign-born individuals must complete the full naturalization process and become U.S. citizens before being eligible to vote	Approved
1924	CICA	Proposition 5	Enact a 50% increase in motor vehicle fees and a $0.02 per gallon tax on gasoline to fund state highway construction and maintenance	Approved
1924	CICA	Proposition 7	Authorize the consolidation of the city of St. Louis and St. Louis county governments and territories into one legal subdivision of the State	Defeated
1924	CICA	Proposition 8	Authorize an exemption from taxation on property used for religious worship or nonprofit work	Defeated
1922	LRCA	Amendment 1	Increase the pay of General Assembly members from $5 per 70 days to $10 per 100 days	Defeated
1922	LRCA	Amendment 2	Remove the word 'male' from the state constitution's suffrage provision	Approved
1922	LRCA	Amendment 3	Authorize the motor vehicle license fees to fund road maintenance from motor vehicle license fees after principal and interest of road bonds is paid	Approved
1922	VR	Proposition 10	Refer a law that abolishes the 38 judicial circuit and Sturgeon Court of Common Pleas and creates 34 new judicial circuits	Defeated
1922	VR	Proposition 11	Refer a law that establishes a workmen's compensation and creating a commission to administer it	Defeated
1922	VR	Proposition 12	Refer a law that established a county school district and a county board of education	Defeated
1922	VR	Proposition 13	Refer a law that abolishes township justices of the peace in cities with populations between 100,000 and 300,000 and transfers their pending business to legally designated justices of the peace	Defeated
1922	VR	Proposition 14	Refer article IX, chapter 22, R. S. 1919, and enact a new article setting new eligibility standards, expanding justice court jurisdiction, establishing a presiding justice, requiring bonds, defining duties and powers, and setting salaries	Defeated
1922	LRSS	Proposition 15	Allow county court judges to appoint additional justices of the peace in certain municipalities	Defeated
1922	VR	Proposition 16	Abolish the office of constable in certain townships	Defeated
1922	VR	Proposition 17	Repeal a law that divided Missouri into 16 congressional districts	Defeated
1922	CISS	Proposition 18	Establish liability for personal injuries or death caused by another's wrongful act or negligence, replaces contributory negligence with comparative negligence, abolishes the fellow servant rule, limits the assumption of risk defense to jury decisions, holds employers liable for employee injuries caused by coworkers, and repeals the Workman's Compensation Act while regulating related legal proceedings	Defeated
1922	CISS	Proposition 19	Establish the apportionment of the state into Senatorial Districts from the previous United States census	Defeated
1922	LRSS	Proposition 4	Establish a Department of Labor, consolidating the responsibilities and authority of various boards, commissions, and officers into the new department	Defeated
1922	VR	Proposition 5	Refer a law that created a State Department of Budget	Defeated
1922	VR	Proposition 6	Refer a law that abolished the office of State Inspector of Oils and transferring the authority to the Supervisor of Public Welfare	Defeated
1922	VR	Proposition 7	Refer a law that abolished the office of State Beverage Inspector and transferring those duties to the Supervisor of Public Welfare	Defeated
1922	VR	Proposition 8	Refer a law that created an office of Supervisor of Public Welfare and transferring the powers of the Food and Drug Commissioner to it	Defeated
1922	VR	Proposition 9	Refer a law that created a Department of Agriculture	Defeated
1921	LRCA	Amendment 1	Allow women to hold elected office in the state	Approved
1921	LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize motor vehicle license fees be utilized to pay off the interest accumulated from the $60 million road bond issue	Approved
1921	LRCA	Amendment 3	Allow an incur of debt no more than $15 million and to enact a tax to fund that debt to provide bonuses for soldiers, sailors and marines	Approved
1921	Automatic constitutional convention question	Proposition 1	Initiate a convention to revise and amend the Missouri State Constitution	Approved
1920	LRCA	Amendment 10	Authorize an increase of the number of Supreme Court judges to nine and separate the court into three divisions with three judges per division	Defeated
1920	LRCA	Amendment 11	Require the General Assembly to enact a law to allow qualified electors out of state serving in the military to vote absently	Approved
1920	LRCA	Amendment 12	Authorize an increase of the number of St. Louis court of appeals judges to six, and separate the court into two divisions, each with three judges	Defeated
1920	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize a revision of the General Assembly members' compensation from per diem to an annual salary of $1,000	Defeated
1920	LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize cities with a population of more than 100,000 inhabitants to frame and amend their charters in a simpler process than the one already established	Approved
1920	LRCA	Amendment 3	Allow large cities to increase their bonded indebtedness, with approval by a two-thirds vote, in order to acquire public utilities through purchase, condemnation, or construction	Approved
1920	LRCA	Amendment 4	Authorize with voter approval a special levy, not to exceed $0.50 per $100 valuation, for road purposes	Approved
1920	LRCA	Amendment 5	Allow school districts, with voter approval, to increase the property tax levy for school purposes from a maximum of 65 cents to 100 cents per $100 of assessed valuation	Defeated
1920	LRCA	Amendment 6	Issue $60 million in bonds for road construction	Approved
1920	LRCA	Amendment 7	Authorize cities with a population of 30,000 inhabitants or less to incur additional debt to pay for waterworks, ice and light plants	Approved
1920	LRCA	Amendment 8	Enact a levy annual tax between $0.005 and $0.03 of $100 valuation to fund a pension for the blind	Approved
1920	LRCA	Amendment 9	Authorize an issuance of $1,000,000 in bonds to fund a soldiers' settlement fund	Approved
1920	VR	Proposition 13	Refer a law that prohibits the manufacture, sale, advertisement, and transportation of intoxicating liquors with exceptions, enforces penalties, allows searches and nuisance abatement, and grants legal action against illegal liquor sellers	Approved
1920	VR	Proposition 14	Refer a law that established a workmen's compensation	Defeated
1920	CICA	Proposition 15	Establish an automatic process to periodically ask voters whether to hold a constitutional convention	Approved

1910-1919 Ballot Measures
Year	Type	Title	Description	Result
1918	LRCA	Amendment 1	Allow school districts, with voter approval, to increase the property tax levy for school purposes from a maximum of 65 cents to 100 cents per $100 of assessed valuation	Defeated
1918	LRCA	Amendment 2	Amend the Missouri State Constitution to impact school revenue	Defeated
1918	LRCA	Amendment 3	Allow county courts to levy up to 75 cents per $100 of assessed valuation for road and bridge purposes	Defeated
1918	LRCA	Amendment 4	Enact a state property tax of 10 cents per $100 of assessed valuation to fund the construction and maintenance of public roads	Defeated
1918	LRCA	Amendment 5	Allow cities with populations between 2,000 and 30,000 to incur additional indebtedness for street and roadway improvements, waterworks, and electric lights	Defeated
1918	LRCA	Amendment 6	Prohibit the manufacture of alcohol except for medicinal, scientific, or mechanical purposes	Defeated
1918	CICA	Amendment 7	Create the Homestead Loan Fund	Defeated
1918	CICA	Amendment 8	Restructure the state tax system to derive public revenue from the unimproved value of land	Defeated
1918	CICA	Amendment 9	Authorize cities with a population of 100,000 inhabitants or more to create special charters	Defeated
1916	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize the General Assembly to create a pension for the blind	Approved
1916	CICA	Amendment 2	Authorize the General Assembly to create a Missouri State Land Bank	Defeated
1916	CICA	Amendment 3	Abolish all production, sale, and consumption of alcohol	Defeated
1914	CICA	Amendment 13	Provides for women's suffrage in state constitution	Defeated
1914	CICA	Amendment 14	Authorize an issue of $50 million in bonds to fund construction and maintenance of public highways, and authorize a tax levy to pay principal and interest on those bonds	Defeated
1914	CICA	Amendment 15	Enact a tax levy and allow petitions to authorize an issue of bonds to fund road construction and maintenance	Defeated
1914	LRCA	Amendment 1	Provide for subject restrictions on the initiative and referendum	Defeated
1914	LRCA	Amendment 2	Increase the debt limit for Kansas City in order to purchase public utilities	Defeated
1914	LRCA	Amendment 3	Levy a state property tax of $0.10 per $100 in assessed value for public road construction and maintenance	Defeated
1914	LRCA	Amendment 4	Establish an annual salary of $1,000 for General Assembly members	Defeated
1914	LRCA	Amendment 5	Increase the debt limit for cities with a population of 100,000 inhabitants or more in order to construct a subway system	Defeated
1914	LRCA	Amendment 6	Authorize qualified voters in road districts to increase the rate of taxation by levying a special tax for road purposes, but not to exceed 65 cents per $100 in valuation	Defeated
1914	LRCA	Amendment 7	Authorize the General Assembly to establish a pension for those who are blind	Defeated
1914	LRCA	Amendment 8	Allowing cities over 100,000 residents to adopt their own charters drafted by a board of 13 elected freeholders, with approval by four-sevenths of voters	Defeated
1914	VR	Proposition 10	Refer House bill No. 19, which would have changed local laws that allowed towns with a population of 2,500 inhabitants or more could vote if their municipality prohibited alcohol, and instead established that counties have complete jurisdiction of the sale of alcohol	Defeated
1914	VR	Proposition 11	Refer House bill No. 7, which would have abolished the current governor-appointed Excise Commissioner in cities with a population of 300,000 or more, and establish a bipartisan Board of Excise Commissioners appointed by the mayors of those cities	Defeated
1914	VR	Proposition 12	Refer House bill No. 6 which would have terminated the governor-appointed Board of Police Commissioners in cities with a population of 300,000 or more inhabitants, and instead establish a bipartisan Board of Police Commissioners appointed by the mayor of those cities	Defeated
1914	VR	Proposition 9	Establish minimum crew size requirements for trains operating within the state	Defeated
1912	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize the General Assembly to establish and maintain free public schools for children between five and six years old, and people over the age of twenty	Defeated
1912	LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize an increase the debt limit for St. Louis county in order to construct sewer systems and waterworks	Defeated
1912	LRCA	Amendment 3	Allow cities with populations between 1,000 and 30,000 to increase the maximum property tax rate for school purposes and public buildings	Defeated
1912	LRCA	Amendment 4	Require that foreign-born individuals must complete the full naturalization process and become U.S. citizens before being eligible to vote	Defeated
1912	LRCA	Amendment 5	Authorize the General Assembly to enact legislation requiring voter registration for residents of St. Louis County and counties with over 50,000 inhabitants that border a city with more than 300,000 inhabitants	Defeated
1912	CICA	Amendment 6	Authorize land, inheritance, and utility taxes, exempt personal property, abolish poll and occupation taxes, and remove tax limits	Defeated
1912	CICA	Amendment 7	Terminate the current State Board of Equalization, and establish a State tax commission that is appointed by the Governor	Defeated
1912	CICA	Amendment 8	Authorize grand juries to investigate elections by accessing voting materials, setting standards for election officials, requiring police presence at polling places in certain cities, and regulating voting procedures	Defeated
1912	CICA	Amendment 9	Enact a state tax of $0.10 per $100 assessed valuation to fund public elementary and high schools, state normal schools, Lincoln Institute, and the State University	Defeated
1910	CICA	Amendment 10	Prohibit the production and sale of alcohol	Defeated
1910	CICA	Amendment 11	establishing a state property tax of three cents per $100 of assessed valuation to fund the University of Missouri	Defeated
1910	LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize pension funds for retired or disabled police officers	Defeated
1910	LRCA	Amendment 2	Allow school districts to create pension funds for public school teachers who become unable to work	Defeated
1910	LRCA	Amendment 3	Establish a state property tax of five cents per $100 of assessed valuation for road funding	Defeated
1910	LRCA	Amendment 4	Change the process of amending the St. Louis City Charter	Defeated
1910	LRCA	Amendment 5	Issue $5 million in bonds for new state capitol building	Defeated
1910	LRCA	Amendment 6	Raise counties' debt limit to build poorhouses	Defeated
1910	LRCA	Amendment 7	Authorize an increase to the per diem compensation for General Assembly members	Defeated
1910	LRCA	Amendment 8	Allow the use of voting machines in elections	Defeated
1910	LRCA	Amendment 9	Increase the maximum allowable local property tax rates for certain municipalities	Defeated

1900-1909 Ballot Measures
Year	Type	Title	Description	Result
1908	LRCA	Amendment 1	Increase the pay of General Assembly members to $750 per annum	Defeated
1908	LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize county courts and township boards to levy a special tax of up to $0.25 cents per $100 valuation for road and bridge improvements	Approved
1908	LRCA	Amendment 3	Create an initiative and referendum process in Missouri	Approved
1908	LRCA	Amendment 4	Establish a new division in the Supreme Court, increase the number of judges from seven to nine, and raise the salaries of Supreme Court and Kansas City Court of Appeals judges to $5,500	Defeated
1908	LRCA	Amendment 5	Allow counties and municipalities to choose their own taxation subjects through a local option system	Defeated
1908	LRCA	Amendment 6	Exempt the debt incurred by cities with 2,000 to 30,000 inhabitants for water works and lighting infrastructure from their constitutional debt limit	Defeated
1908	LRCA	Amendment 7	Enact a state tax of $0.10 per $100 valuation to fund public roads and highways in counties	Defeated
1908	LRCA	Amendment 8	Allow cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants to exceed constitutional debt limits for constructing or purchasing subways	Defeated
1904	LRCA	Amendment 2	Create an initiative and referendum process in Missouri	Defeated

Analysis

Ballotpedia completed an inventory of Missouri ballot measures from 1908 to 2024. Missouri voters have decided on 420 ballot measures placed on the ballot by successful citizen initiatives and the Missouri State Legislature. The types of measures decided included initiated constitutional amendments, initiated state statutes, veto referendums, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, automatic ballot referrals, legislatively referred state statutes, and constitutional convention questions. Of these measures, 195 (46.4%) were approved, and 225 (53.6%) were defeated.

The inventory of Missouri statewide ballot measures is part of Ballotpedia's Historical Ballot Measure Factbook, which will document nearly 200 years of direct democracy in the United States. This ongoing research effort will provide an unparalleled resource for researchers, reporters, and the voting public on how ballot measures have evolved, the issues they've covered, and the role they have played in our civic life.

Notable topics and measures

Notable topics appearing on the Missouri ballot include direct democracy, alcohol laws, administrative regulations, property taxes, and school funding, among others:

In 1904, Missouri became the first state to reject a constitutional amendment to establish a state initiative and referendum process. In 1908, voters decided the issue for a second time, approving Amendment 3, making Missouri the seventh state, along with Maine and Michigan, to provide for statewide citizen-initiated ballot measures.

Voters decided on six ballot measures related to alcohol prohibition between 1910 and 1926. In 1910, voters rejected a ballot initiative to prohibit alcohol. And in 1914, voters rejected legislation, via a veto referendum, that would have allowed counties to prohibit alcohol. In 1916 and 1918, voters again rejected ballot measures to enact the prohibition of alcohol. Then, in 1920, the General Assembly voted to prohibit alcohol sales in the state, and a veto referendum was filed against the bill. Voters upheld the legislation. In 1926, a ballot initiative sought to repeal prohibition in state law but voters rejected the proposal.

The issue of citizenship and voting has appeared on the ballot in the state at least three times. First, in 1912, voters rejected a constitutional amendment to require foreign-born men to become citizens before being eligible to vote, rather than being allowed to vote after declaring their intent to become citizens. In 1924, voters approved an amendment proposing such a change. One hundred years later, in 2024, voters approved Amendment 7, which had the effect of prohibiting the state or local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote.

Voters decided on the concept of a single tax in 1912 and 1918. Both were defeated. The idea of the single tax in Missouri was to replace existing taxes, with exceptions, with a single tax on the unimproved value of land.

Proposals to change the state initiative and referendum process appeared on the ballot four times. Three were defeated, and one was approved.
- In 1914, in part as a response to the single tax proposal, the legislature proposed a constitutional amendment creating a subject restriction on ballot initiatives. Voters rejected the proposal, which would have prohibited ballot initiatives from addressing several tax-related matters.
- In 1924, voters rejected Amendment 2, which would have increased the signature requirements for citizen-initiated ballot measures.
- In 1940, voters rejected Amendment 4, which would have changed the basis for calculating the signature requirement for initiative petitions from the number of votes cast for supreme court judge to the number of votes cast for governor.
- In 1998, voters approved Amendment 1, requiring signatures for ballot initiatives to be submitted six months before the election, rather than four months before the election.

In 1920, voters approved Proposition 15, a ballot initiative establishing a process in which voters are asked whether to hold a state constitutional convention every 20 years.

Voters decided on a ballot initiative, Amendment 2, to transform the state's bicameral legislature into a unicameral one. Voters rejected the proposal. Nebraska had adopted a unicameral legislature a decade earlier, in 1934.

In 1945, voters ratified the state's fourth constitution, which is the current constitution.

From 1962 to 1982, voters decided on three ballot measures regarding the legislature's power to review and repeal state executive and administrative regulations. Voters rejected Amendment 2 in 1962, Amendment 4 in 1976, and Amendment 2 in 1982.

Voters approved Amendment 5 in 1976, which repealed a constitutional language that allowed the legislature to require school segregation based on race. Amendment 5 was passed 22 years after Brown v. Board of Education (1954).

In 1978 and 2018, voters decided on ballot measures regarding right-to-work laws. In 1978, voters rejected Amendment 23, which would have prohibited denying employment based on membership status or payment of charges to a labor organization. In 2017, Missouri enacted a right-to-work law, which the Missouri AFL-CIO and Missouri NAACP launched a veto referendum against. In 2018, voters decided on the veto referendum, Proposition A, voting to overturn the right-to-work law.

Voters approved Amendment 5, also known as the Hancock Amendment, in 1980. Amendment 5 limited state tax revenue growth based on personal income growth, and required excess revenue over 1% be refunded; prohibited state spending from exceeding total revenue, federal funds, and prior year surpluses; and limited the growth of local property tax revenue to the rate of the Consumer Price Index, among other changes.

Voters decided on issues related to congressional term limits in 1992 and 1996. In 1992, voters approved Amendment 13, which provided for congressional term limits, contingent upon half the states adopting such term limits. In 1996, voters approved Amendment 9, which declared the state's support for a federal constitutional amendment for congressional term limits and required congressional candidates' position on term limits to be printed on the ballot. The ballot labels were struck down as unconstitutional in Cook v. Gralike (2001).

In 2004, along with 12 other states that year, voters approved a constitutional amendment to define marriage as between a man and a woman, thus banning same-sex marriage.

In 2014, voters approved Amendment 1, creating a state constitutional right to farm, and Amendment 5, which expanded the state's constitutional right to bear arms.

In 2024, voters approved Amendment 3, which provided for a state constitutional right to reproductive freedom, which was defined to include abortion. Amendment 3 was one of 11 abortion-related measures in 2024—the most on record for a single year.

Statistics

Closest and widest margins

Of the 420 ballot measures, 16 were decided by less than a percentage point of the vote. The top five closest measures are below:

Closest vote margins for Missouri statewide ballot measures, 1908-2024
Measure	Year	Yes votes		No votes		Vote margin	Outcome
Measure	Year	#	%	#	%	Vote margin	Outcome
Amendment 3	1984	918,596	50.02%	917,812	49.98%	0.04%	a
Amendment 2	2024	1,478,652	50.05%	1,475,691	49.95%	0.10%	a
Amendment 3	1994	527,285	49.93%	528,697	50.07%	0.13%	d
Amendment 2	1988	402,157	49.93%	403,309	50.07%	0.14%	d
Amendment 3	1992	1,082,086	49.93%	1,085,336	50.07%	0.15%	d

The following five measures had the widest vote margins by percentage:

Widest vote margins for Missouri statewide ballot measures, 1908-2024
Measure	Year	Yes votes		No votes		Vote margin	Outcome
Measure	Year	#	%	#	%	Vote margin	Outcome
Amendment 5	1978	112,425	12.27%	803,936	87.73%	75.46%	d
Amendment 1	2008	2,407,536	86.31%	381,874	13.69%	72.62%	a
Amendment 4	1992	1,859,878	85.49%	315,702	14.51%	70.98%	a
Amendment 6	1912	86,647	14.57%	508,137	85.43%	70.86%	d
Amendment 7	2006	1,720,007	84.12%	324,637	15.88%	68.25%	a

Missouri ballot measure topics

Missouri ballot measures have addressed 144 unique topics with some addressing multiple topics in one measure. The top 10 most common topics addressed are:

Property taxes (45 measures)
Local government finance and taxes (43 measures)
Highways and bridges (36 measures)
Salaries of government officials (28 measures)
Public education funding (27 measures)
Administrative organization (24 measures)
Bond issue requirements (24 measures)
Local government organization (23 measures)
Gambling policy (21 measures)
Ballot measure process (20 measures)

By the decade

On average, 32 ballot measures appeared on the Missouri ballot per decade. The average number of measures approved per decade was 48%. The decade with the most ballot measures was the 1920s, which featured 74 ballot measures. Twenty-five measures (34%) were approved, and 49 (66%) were defeated. The decade with the highest approval rate was the 1970s, with a 66% approval rate. The decade with the lowest approval rating was the 1910s, during which only one measure was approved and 46 were defeated.

By type

See also: Types of ballot measures in Missouri

There are eight different types of ballot measures in Missouri. Legislatively referred constitutional amendments have appeared on the ballot more times than any other type—243 times. Automatic ballot referrals had the highest success rate at the ballot box, with all of them approved by voters. Veto referendums had the lowest approval rate of any ballot measure type, with 92% rejected by voters. Because a 'no' vote on a veto referendum repeals the targeted law, this means most of these measures succeeded in overturning legislation.

Legislatively referred measures have had better success at the ballot box than citizen-initiated measures. Legislatively referred measures were approved 54% of the time, as compared to 35% for ballot initiatives.

Background

Citizen-initiated ballot measures

In Missouri, citizens have the power to initiate constitutional amendments, state statutes, and veto referendums. The Missouri State Legislature passed an amendment allowing for citizen initiatives in 1907, and it was approved by voters on November 3, 1908.

In Missouri, the number of signatures needed to place a measure on the ballot is based on the total number of votes cast for the governor in the preceding election.

The following are the requirements for the types of citizen-initiated measures in Missouri:

initiated constitutional amendment (ICA): 8 percent of the votes cast for governor
initiated state statute (ISS): 5 percent of the votes cast for governor
veto referendum (VR): 5 percent of the votes cast for governor

Legislatively referred ballot measures

In Missouri, the state legislature has the power to refer constitutional amendments and state statutes on the ballot. Constitutional amendments and state statutes require a simple majority vote during one legislative session. Neither of these measures require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.

Footnotes

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Missouri Ballot Measures: Historical Ballot Measures Factbook

Contents

Notable topics and measures

Statistics

Closest and widest margins

Missouri ballot measure topics

By the decade

By type

Background

Citizen-initiated ballot measures

Legislatively referred ballot measures

See also

Footnotes

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