Between 1900 and 2024, Florida voters have decided on 407 ballot measures. Of those, 288 (71%) were approved and 119 (29%) were defeated.
There have been 332 ballot measures referred to the ballot by the Florida State Legislature and 31 ballot measures referred by a state commission. Florida has two commissions that can refer constitutional amendments to the ballot—the Constitution Revision Commission (CRC) and Taxation and Budget Reform Commission (TBRC). Citizens have the power to petition for constitutional amendments, which they have placed on the ballot 44 times. The constitutional amendments that were initiated had the best success at the ballot box, with 75% approved by voters. Legislatively referred measures were approved 71% of the time, and commission-referred measures had an approval rate of 65%.
The inventory of Florida statewide ballot measures is part of Ballotpedia's Historical Ballot Measure Factbook, which will document nearly 200 years of direct democracy in the United States. This ongoing research effort will provide an unparalleled resource for researchers, reporters, and the voting public on how ballot measures have evolved, the issues they've covered, and the role they have played in our civic life.
This section provides a table to search Florida historical ballot measures by decade and keyword.
This section summarizes notable topics voters have decided on.
This section highlights measures with the closest and widest margins, as well as the breakdown by topic, decade, and type.
This section describes the process of placing a statewide measure on the ballot.
Year | Type | Title | Description | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
2026 | LRCA | Changes to Budget Stabilization Fund Amendment | Increase the amount of funds that may be retained in the budget stabilization fund from 10% to 25% of net general revenue among other changes | On the ballot |
2026 | LRCA | Exempt Tangible Personal Property Used for Agriculture or Agritourism from Property Taxes Amendment | Exempt agricultural-related tangible personal property, such as farm equipment or tools, from property taxes | On the ballot |
2024 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Change school board elections from nonpartisan to partisan beginning in 2026 | Defeated |
2024 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt and fish | Approved |
2024 | CICA | Amendment 3 | Legalize the recreational or personal use of marijuana | Defeated |
2024 | CICA | Amendment 4 | Provide for a state constitutional right to abortion before fetal viability | Defeated |
2024 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Provide for an annual inflation adjustment for the value of the homestead property tax exemption | Approved |
2024 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Repeal a constitutional provision providing for public campaign financing for candidates who agree to spending limits | Defeated |
2022 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Authorize the Legislature to prohibit flood resistance improvements from being taken into consideration when determining a property's assessed value for tax purposes | Defeated |
2022 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Abolish the Florida Constitution Revision Commission | Defeated |
2022 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Authorize the Legislature to provide an additional homestead property tax exemption for certain public service workers | Defeated |
2020 | CICA | Amendment 1 | Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote | Approved |
2020 | CICA | Amendment 2 | Increase the state minimum wage to $15 by 2026 | Approved |
2020 | CICA | Amendment 3 | Establish a top-two system for primary elections | Defeated |
2020 | CICA | Amendment 4 | Require voter-approved constitutional amendments to be approved at a second general election | Defeated |
2020 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Increases the period during which a person may transfer "Save Our Homes" benefits to a new homestead property from two years to three years | Approved |
2020 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Allows a homestead property tax discount to be transferred to the surviving spouse of a deceased veteran | Approved |
Year | Type | Title | Description | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | CRCA | Amendment 10 | Prohibit counties from abolishing certain local offices, changes start date of legislative sessions, and adds an executive office and executive department to constitution | Approved |
2018 | CRCA | Amendment 11 | Repeal the following: (a) a prohibition against aliens owning property, (b) a requirement for a high-speed ground transportation system, and (c) a provision saying that changes to a criminal statute are not retroactive | Approved |
2018 | CRCA | Amendment 12 | Prohibit public officials from lobbying for compensation while in office and six years thereafter | Approved |
2018 | CRCA | Amendment 13 | Prohibit pari-mutuel (a type of betting pool) operations from racing greyhounds or any other dogs for wagering, prohibits persons in Florida from wagering on the outcome of live dog races occurring in the state | Approved |
2018 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Increase the amount of a home's value exempted from property tax | Defeated |
2018 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Make permanent the cap of 10 percent on annual nonhomestead parcel assessment increases set to expire on January 1, 2019 | Approved |
2018 | CICA | Amendment 3 | Require voter approval of casino gambling | Approved |
2018 | CICA | Amendment 4 | Restore the right to vote for most people with prior felony convictions upon completion of their sentences | Approved |
2018 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Require a two-thirds vote of legislature to impose or increase tax or fee | Approved |
2018 | CRCA | Amendment 6 | Make changes to the state’s law regarding the rights of crime victims, the age at which judges are required to retire, and judicial deference | Approved |
2018 | CRCA | Amendment 7 | Require death benefits for first responders and military members, a supermajority vote for college fees, and adds state college system structure to constitution | Approved |
2018 | CRCA | Amendment 9 | Ban offshore oil and gas drilling and vaping in enclosed indoor workplaces | Approved |
2016 | CICA | Amendment 1 | Give residents of Florida the right to own or lease solar energy equipment for personal use while also enacting constitutional protection for any state or local law | Defeated |
2016 | CICA | Amendment 2 | Legalize medical marijuana | Approved |
2016 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Provide property tax exemptions to first responders who have been permanently disabled in the line of duty | Approved |
2016 | CICA | Amendment 1 | Dedicate 33% of net revenue from the existing excise tax on documents to the Land Acquisition Trust Fund | Approved |
2016 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Specify that the value of property owned by senior citizens eligible for the homestead property tax exemption would be determined during the first year in which they apply for the exemption | Approved |
2016 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Provide tax exemptions for solar power and other renewable energy equipment included in home, commercial, and industrial property values that would otherwise fall under the tangible property tax bracket | Approved |
2014 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Legalize medical marijuana | Defeated |
2014 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Authorize governor to fill judicial vacancies by appointing a justice or judge from among at least three, but not more than six, candidates selected by the judicial nominating commission | Defeated |
2012 | LRCA | Amendment 10 | Provide a tangible personal property exemption on ad valorem taxes and allow counties and municipalities to establish tangible personal property tax exemptions | Defeated |
2012 | LRCA | Amendment 11 | Allow municipalities and counties to create additional homestead tax exemptions for low-income people above the age of 65 who meet certain requirements | Approved |
2012 | LRCA | Amendment 12 | Have the chair of the council of state university student body presidents replace the president of the Florida Student Association as the student member of the Board of Governors of the State University System | Defeated |
2012 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Prohibit compulsory health insurance and permit the direct payment of health care expenses | Defeated |
2012 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Expand the availability of the homestead property tax discount for veterans injured in combat | Approved |
2012 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Increase the state's revenue limitation and require excess funds be deposited into a budget stabilization fund until the fund hits its maximum, at which time the money first be spent on public education and then additional excess funds be returned to the taxpayers | Defeated |
2012 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Amend the calculations for property assessments and allow for the establishment of an additional homestead tax exemption | Defeated |
2012 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Amend the state constitution relative to the changing of court rules, require senatorial approval of state Supreme Court justice appointments, and change the process for judicial impeachments | Defeated |
2012 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Prohibit the use of public funds for abortions or health insurance that includes coverage of abortion, with exceptions | Defeated |
2012 | LRCA | Amendment 8 | Prohibit denials of governmental support on the basis of religious beliefs and allow the use of revenue from the public treasury to fund religious institutions | Defeated |
2012 | LRCA | Amendment 9 | Allow for an ad valorem homestead property tax exemption for surviving spouses of those killed in their work as a first responder or in the military | Approved |
2010 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Repeal the state constitutional provision that provides for public financing of campaigns for those running for elective statewide office who agree to campaign spending limits | Defeated |
2010 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Provide for an additional homestead property tax exemption for military members who were deployed in the previous year | Approved |
2010 | CICA | Amendment 4 | Require that local governments hold a referendum to change or adopt a comprehensive land use plan | Defeated |
2010 | CICA | Amendment 5 | Establish requirements for the drawing of legislative districts | Approved |
2010 | CICA | Amendment 6 | Establish requirements for congressional redistricting | Approved |
2010 | LRCA | Amendment 8 | Establish limits on average number of students assigned per class to each teacher in public schools, as opposed to on actual class size | Defeated |
2010 | LRAQ | Federal Budget Advisory Question | Amend the federal Constitution to require that the federal budget be balanced without raising taxes | Approved |
Year | Type | Title | Description | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
2008 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Eliminate constitutional provisions that prevent aliens ineligible for citizenship from possessing real property | Defeated |
2008 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Amend exemptions and benefits based on homestead property, provide an exemption on tangible personal property, and limit assessment increase on certain non-homestead real property | Approved |
2008 | CICA | Amendment 2 | Establish that marriage only be recognized as a union between one man and one woman | Approved |
2008 | CRCA | Amendment 3 | Exempt property improvements that increase resistance to wind damage or provide renewable energy when assessing the property value | Approved |
2008 | CRCA | Amendment 4 | Establish a property tax exemption for property that is limited by perpetual conservation protections | Approved |
2008 | CRCA | Amendment 6 | Provide for the assessment of working waterfront property based upon how it is used | Approved |
2008 | CRCA | Amendment 8 | Allow counties, upon approval by the voters, to levy a local option sales tax to supplement community college funding | Defeated |
2006 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Limit how nonrecurring general revenue may be spent and amend provisions relating to creating the state's financial outlooks and budget | Approved |
2006 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Require a 60% vote for voters to approve constitutional amendments | Approved |
2006 | CICA | Amendment 4 | Require a portion of the tobacco settlement money be used for a statewide tobacco education and prevention program | Approved |
2006 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Increase the homestead tax exemption for low-income seniors | Approved |
2006 | LRCA | Amendment 7 | Provide an ad valorem tax discount for veterans who are 65 or older, who were disabled due to a combat-related injury, and meet other specifications | Approved |
2006 | LRCA | Amendment 8 | Prohibit the transfer of property taken through eminent domain to a private party unless approved by the Legislature | Approved |
2004 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Authorizes the state legislature to enact a law requiring that the parents of a minor must be notified before the minor receives an abortion procedure, with exceptions that can be granted with a judicial waiver. | Approved |
2004 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Establish requirements for the submission of citizens' initiatives | Approved |
2004 | CICA | Amendment 3 | Establish that claimants in medical liability suits who enter a contingent fee agreement with their attorney receive a minimum of 70% of the first $250,000.00 in damages and 90% of damages in excess of $250,000.00 | Approved |
2004 | CICA | Amendment 4 | Allow Miami-Dade and Broward counties to hold referenda to determine if slot machines can be placed at parimutuel facilities | Approved |
2004 | CICA | Amendment 5 | Provide for a state minimum wage that covers all employees covered by the federal minimum wage, start the minimum wage at $6.15 per hour, and adjust the minimum wage each year based on inflation | Approved |
2004 | CICA | Amendment 6 | Repeal the constitutional provisions that requires the state to develop and operate a high speed ground transportation system | Approved |
2004 | CICA | Amendment 7 | Allow patients the right to review records of health care facilities' or providers' relating to adverse medical incidents | Approved |
2004 | CICA | Amendment 8 | Prohibit doctors who have been found to have committed three or more incidents of medical malpractice from practicing medicine in Florida | Approved |
2002 | CICA | Amendment 10 | Establish that no pregnant pig may be confined in a way that it can not turn around, with certain exceptions | Approved |
2002 | CICA | Amendment 11 | Establish local boards of trustees to administer each state university and establish a statewide governing board to oversee the entire university system | Approved |
2002 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Permit the use of the death penalty for capital crimes and establish that the Florida Constitution provides no greater protections from the death penalty than does the federal Constitution | Approved |
2002 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Require that the Legislature create a law requiring economic impact statements for constitutional amendments proposed by initiatives | Approved |
2002 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Allow revisions to the Miami-Dade County home rule charter, subject to approval by Miami-Dade County voters | Defeated |
2002 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Require that laws that provide for exemptions from public records or public meetings requirements must pass both houses of the Legislature by 2/3 majority | Approved |
2002 | CICA | Amendment 6 | Prohibit the smoking of tobacco in indoor workplaces, with certain exceptions | Approved |
2002 | LRCA | Amendment 7 | Allow counties to exempt increases in homestead property values resulting from construction of living quarters for senior parents or grandparents | Approved |
2002 | CICA | Amendment 8 | Require that all four-year-old children be offered the ability to attend pre-kindergarten for free | Approved |
2002 | CICA | Amendment 9 | Require the Legislature to provide funding so that class sizes do not exceed a set maximum | Approved |
2000 | CICA | Amendment 1 | Provide for the creation of a monorail system to link the five largest urban areas in Florida | Approved |
Year | Type | Title | Description | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1998 | CRCA | Amendment 10 | Establish and expand tax exemptions for municipal and local property and remove limitations on the citizens' ability to communicate with local officials about subjects of public hearings | Defeated |
1998 | CRCA | Amendment 11 | Make school board elections nonpartisan; allow candidates for governor to run in primary elections without a lieutenant governor; provide that ballot access requirements for minor party candidates cannot be greater than requirements for major party candidates; provide public campaign financing for statewide candidates who agree to campaign spending limits; and allow any voter to vote in any party's primary election if the winner will have no general election opponent | Approved |
1998 | CRCA | Amendment 12 | Give counties the option to require a criminal background check and a waiting period of three to five days before the sale of a firearm | Approved |
1998 | CRCA | Amendment 13 | Make various miscellaneous and technical changes to the state constitution | Approved |
1998 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Amend the requirements for receiving a historic property granted ad valorem tax exemption | Approved |
1998 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Preserve the death penalty as a form of punishment in Florida and align execution methods with the federal Constitution | Approved |
1998 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Allow counties and municipalities to provide an additional homestead tax exemption to low-income seniors | Approved |
1998 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Allow documents filed at a county branch office to be considered officially filed | Approved |
1998 | CRCA | Amendment 5 | Create provisions for the conservation of natural resources and establish the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission | Approved |
1998 | CRCA | Amendment 6 | Establish the education of children as a fundamental value of the people of Florida and require the state to provide an efficient, safe, secure, and high quality education system | Approved |
1998 | CRCA | Amendment 7 | Establish local elections to determine if circuit and county judges should be elected or appointed and provide the procedures for the decided upon systems | Approved |
1998 | CRCA | Amendment 8 | Amend the roles of executive officers and change what roles were included in the state cabinet | Approved |
1998 | CRCA | Amendment 9 | Establish that "female and male alike" are equal before the law and have inalienable rights and establish bases on which the rights cannot be denied | Approved |
1996 | CICA | Amendment 1 | Require a two-thirds vote of voters in an election to approve any new state tax or fee proposed through a constitutional amendment | Approved |
1996 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Move the next meeting of the Constitution Revision Commission to 1997 and allow the Commission to review matters relating to taxation or the state budgetary process | Approved |
1996 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Increase the number of judicial nominees the judicial nominating commission may make up to six nominations, restructure the Judicial Qualifications Commission, and allow for additional sanctions for judicial misconduct | Approved |
1996 | CICA | Amendment 4 | Impose a $0.01 per pound fee on sugar grown in the Everglades Agricultural Area, with the funds being used for conservation in the Everglades | Defeated |
1996 | CICA | Amendment 5 | Provide that those responsible for water pollution in the Everglades Protection Area and the Everglades Agricultural Area pay for the cost of the pollution's abatement | Approved |
1996 | CICA | Amendment 6 | Establish an Everglades Trust Fund to fund conservation efforts and the abatement of water pollution in the Everglades | Approved |
1994 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Establish annual 60-day regular sessions that start the first Tuesday after the first Monday in March | Approved |
1994 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Establish a formula for calculating the state's revenue limit, establish that funds above that limit be deposited into the budget stabilization fund, and provide that funds be refunded to taxpayers once the budget stabilization fund is fully funded | Approved |
1994 | CICA | Amendment 3 | Prohibit the use of gill and other entangling nets and limit the size of other nets to no larger than 500 square feet in mesh area | Approved |
1994 | CICA | Amendment 4 | Allow initiated constitutional amendments related to limiting the power of government to raise revenue to cover multiple subjects | Approved |
1994 | CICA | Amendment 8 | Allow for a limited number of casinos in certain counties | Defeated |
1992 | CICA | Amendment 10 | Limit homestead property valuations for ad valorem tax purposes increases to a maximum of 3% per year | Approved |
1992 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Allow for the suspension or delay of an election if there is a state of emergency or impending state of emergency | Approved |
1992 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Allow public access to records and meetings of government entities, with certain exceptions prescribed by the legislature | Approved |
1992 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Allow counties and municipalities to issue ad valorem tax exemptions on historic properties | Approved |
1992 | CRCA | Amendment 4 | Change the state budget and planning processes | Approved |
1992 | CRCA | Amendment 5 | Require that the Legislature establish a Taxpayers' Bill of Rights that establishes taxpayers' rights and responsibilities and government's responsibilities to deal fairly with taxpayers | Approved |
1992 | CRCA | Amendment 6 | Allow counties and municipalities to levy a one-cent sales tax, if approved by local voters, for local government services | Defeated |
1992 | LRCA | Amendment 8 | Continue indefinitely the use of gross receipts taxes for constructing educational facilities of the state public education system, continue indefinitely to use some motor vehicle license taxes for constructing public schools and community colleges, and remove certain restrictions on education bond refunding | Approved |
1992 | CICA | Amendment 9 | Establish that those who have held the same elective office for the preceding eight years may not appear on the ballot for re-election to that office and apply the limitation to the offices of Florida Representative and Senator, Lieutenant Governor, Florida Cabinet, and U. S. Senator and Representative | Approved |
1990 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Establish the timing of meetings of the legislature | Approved |
1990 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Require a three-day waiting period between the purchase and delivery of any handgun | Approved |
1990 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Excuse municipalities from general laws requiring them to spend funds under certain circumstances | Approved |
1990 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Provide for the recording of certain legislative votes and open and noticed committee and other legislative meetings | Approved |
Year | Type | Title | Description | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1988 | CICA | Amendment 10 | Limit non-economic damages relating to bodily injuries in any action to $100,000 and allow the maximum to be adjusted utilizing a consumer price index | Defeated |
1988 | CICA | Amendment 11 | Establish English as the official state language | Approved |
1988 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Provide for the impeachment of county court judges by the Legislature | Approved |
1988 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Give crime victims, or in the case of a homicide, their next-of-kin, the qualified right to be informed, to be present, and to be heard at all crucial stages of criminal proceedings | Approved |
1988 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Allow high water recharge land to be classified by law solely on the basis of character or use | Approved |
1988 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Allow the Legislature, without approval of the voters, to issue bonds for property acquisition for roads and for constructing bridges | Approved |
1988 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Extend the widow property tax exemption to widowers | Approved |
1988 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Create the Taxation and Budget Reform Commission to review matters of taxation and the budgetary process | Approved |
1988 | LRCA | Amendment 7 | Increase the terms for county court judges to six years | Defeated |
1988 | LRCA | Amendment 8 | Allow for the creation of a civil traffic hearing officer system | Approved |
1988 | LRCA | Amendment 9 | Authorize creating a Department of Veterans Affairs and a Department of Elderly Affairs | Approved |
1986 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Allow the attorney general to appoint a statewide prosecutor to try multi-circuit violations of the criminal laws | Approved |
1986 | CICA | Amendment 2 | Allow casino gambling in hotels with 500 rooms or more if voters in that county approve, by initiative referendum, casino gambling | Defeated |
1986 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Establish the homestead tax exemption as $5,000 plus one-half of the assessed value over $5,000, up to $25,000 | Defeated |
1986 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Allow the Attorney General, as provided by law, to request the Supreme Court issue an expeditious advisory opinion on the validity of ballot initiatives and require the Supreme Court to issue such opinion | Approved |
1986 | CICA | Amendment 5 | Allow the state to operate a lottery | Approved |
1984 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Extend the exemption of homesteads and personal property from forced sale to any natural person | Approved |
1984 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Allow for the disbursement of state funds via electronic means, magnetic tape, or any other transfer medium and remove obsolete language about countersigning of warrants by the Governor | Approved |
1984 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Establish that uniform rules of procedure be established by the judicial nominating commissions at each level of the court system and that proceedings of the commissions shall be open to the public | Approved |
1984 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Establish that legislators' speech and debate relating to their legislative duties is privileged and that they can not be questioned on it in any place other than the legislature | Defeated |
1984 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Allow county commissioners to be elected in the manner prescribed by law and allow boards of county commissioners to be made up of five or seven members | Approved |
1984 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Require that a person be a member of the Florida state bar for the preceding five years to be eligible to be a county court judge and allow a person to be eligible to be appointed or elected as a county court judge in a county with a population of 40,000 or less if they are a member in good standing with the state bar | Approved |
1984 | LRCA | Amendment 7 | Alter rules regarding general obligation bonds issued by the state | Approved |
1984 | LRCA | Amendment 8 | Provide for a levy on gross receipts to allow the continuation of funding of bonds for public education construction | Approved |
1982 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Establish that Florida's protection against unlawful searches and seizures aligns with the federal constitution's protections against unlawful searches and seizures | Approved |
1982 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Provide that a person charged with a crime shall be entitled to release before trial, with exceptions | Approved |
1980 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Abolishes the Florida Constitution Revision Commission | Defeated |
1980 | CICA | Amendment 1 | Establish a homestead exemption of $25,000 from certain ad valorem school millage levies, provide procedures for the enactment of the exemption from the millage levies, and allow for ad valorem tax relief for permanent resident renters | Approved |
1980 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Authorize an ad valorem tax exemption for a renewable energy source device and the property where it is installed | Approved |
1980 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Allow for the issuance of revenue bonds to fund housing | Approved |
1980 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Provide for a constitutional right of privacy | Approved |
1980 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Modify the jurisdiction of the state Supreme Court | Approved |
1980 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Allow counties and municipalities, upon approval by a referendum of local voters, to grant certain ad valorem tax exemptions | Approved |
1980 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Establish that publishing the title of a bill in the legislative journals serves as the first reading required by the State Constitution | Approved |
1980 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Allow for expanded local homestead and ad valorem tax exemptions | Approved |
1980 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Allow for the issuance of bonds for water facilities | Approved |
1980 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Remove certain limits on the use of the "second gas tax" to finance bonds for roads | Approved |
1980 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Allow business inventories and livestock to be classified for tax purposes or exempted from taxation | Approved |
Year | Type | Title | Description | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1978 | CRCA | Amendment 1 | Modify Articles I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VIII, X, XI and XII of the state constitution | Defeated |
1978 | CRCA | Amendment 2 | Establish that no person shall be deprived of any right on account of their sex | Defeated |
1978 | CRCA | Amendment 3 | Require single-member legislative districts and establish provisions for reapportionment of legislative and congressional districts | Defeated |
1978 | CRCA | Amendment 4 | Eliminate the executive cabinet and reassign the duties of the executive cabinet | Defeated |
1978 | CRCA | Amendment 5 | Establish a five-member public service commission and establish a public counsel to represent the people before the commission | Defeated |
1978 | CRCA | Amendment 6 | Amend the process for selecting circuit and county court judges and increase the terms of county court judges from four to six years | Defeated |
1978 | CRCA | Amendment 7 | Amend various provisions relating to taxes, tax exemptions, and government finances | Defeated |
1978 | CRCA | Amendment 8 | Amend the appointment procedures, responsibilities, and roles of the state board of education, commissioner of education, and board of regents | Defeated |
1978 | CICA | Amendment 9 | Allow for gambling casinos in certain areas, with taxes on such casinos being used for free public schools and local law enforcement | Defeated |
1976 | CICA | Amendment 1 | Establish ethics requirements and procedures for public officials and candidates | Approved |
1976 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Authorize local taxes for water management purposes and limit the taxes to not more than one mill | Approved |
1976 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Require that there be a Supreme Court Judge from each appellate district, require that Supreme and appellate judges be re-elected every 6 years, and require that the governor make appointments to fill vacancies based on the Judicial Nomination Commission's recommendations | Approved |
1976 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Amend rules regarding functioning of the Judicial Qualifications Commission | Approved |
1976 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Allow for property tax exemptions, tax revenue usage, and issuance of bonds for community redevelopment | Defeated |
1976 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Allow for the issuance of bonds for financing or refinancing housing and related facilities | Defeated |
1976 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Limit the number of full time government employees to 1% of state population and part-time employees to 10% of full time employees | Defeated |
1976 | LRCA | Amendment 7 | Establish procedures for legislative nullification of rules or regulations created by the executive branch | Defeated |
1976 | LRCA | Amendment 8 | Require that increases in governmental supported retirement system funds be fully funded by the governmental unit | Approved |
1976 | LRCA | Amendment 9 | Establish a capitol and mansion commission to be in charge of the furnishing, decorating, and alteration of the capitol building complex and the governor's mansion | Defeated |
1974 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Continue the school construction program for area vocational-technical centers, community colleges, universities; extend the program to K-12 public schools; and support the program through bonds payable from the gross receipts taxes | Approved |
1974 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Extend the second gas tax until January 1, 2025, amend the purposes that bonds may be issued for transportation purposes, and allow these bonds to be secured any legally available revenues | Defeated |
1974 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Change the name for the office of "Tax Assessor" to "Property Appraiser" | Approved |
1974 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Establish procedures for the operation and appointment of members of the Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission | Approved |
1974 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Establish procedures and rule for the Judicial Qualifications Commission | Approved |
1974 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Allow political subdivisions to become joint owners of electrical energy generating or transmission facilities | Approved |
1974 | LRCA | Amendment 7 | Establish that no person shall be discriminated against on the basis of a physical disability | Approved |
1972 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Reorganize the state trial courts into a uniform court system, provide standards for the selection and discipline of judges, and establish a court administration system | Approved |
1972 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Allow for the issuance of bonds for outdoor recreation, natural resources conservation and related purposes | Approved |
1972 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Allow for bonds for establishing a fund from which to make loans to students | Approved |
1972 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Allow for single subject constitutional amendments via citizen initiative | Approved |
1972 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Continue the use of some motor vehicle licensing revenue for education purposes | Approved |
1972 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Clarify language allowing for the willing of property to a spouse if there is no minor child | Approved |
1972 | LRAQ | Equal Opportunity Education Straw Ballot Measure | Advise officials that there should be "equal opportunity for quality education for all children" regardless of race, creed, color, or place of residence | Approved |
1972 | LRAQ | Forced Busing Straw Ballot Measure | Advise officials to prohibit forced busing and guarantee children can attend school closest to home | Approved |
1972 | BI | Referendum 1 | Allow for $200 million in bonds to buy environmentally endangered lands and $40 million in bonds for outdoor recreation projects | Approved |
1972 | LRAQ | School Prayer Straw Ballot Measure | Advise officials to amend the U.S. Constitution to allow prayer in public schools | Approved |
1971 | LRCA | Corporate Income Tax Amendment | Allow for an income tax on corporations | Approved |
1970 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Defeated | |
1970 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Establish that those who are 18 and who meet residency requirements are electors of the county where they have resided for at least six months | Defeated |
1970 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Establish that 18 is the age of legal adulthood | Defeated |
1970 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Amend the state constitution relating to the Judicial Department | Defeated |
1970 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Allow for the issuance of bonds for pollution control facilities and waste disposal facilities | Approved |
1970 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Restrict sales of state submerged lands to only when in the public interest | Approved |
1970 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Establish the term of office for members of the House of Representatives as four years | Defeated |
1970 | LRCA | Amendment 7 | Allow school boards to levy ad valorem taxes for capital improvement purposes, if approved by local voters | Defeated |
Year | Type | Title | Description | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1969 | LRCA | Revenue Bonds and Tax Anticipation Certificates Amendment | Allow for the issuance of revenue bonds or tax anticipation certificates until June 30, 1975, for higher education | Approved |
1968 | LRCA | Allow School Board Appointment of Superintendents Amendment | Allow school boards to appoint the superintendent of schools | Approved |
1968 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Ratify the Florida Constitution of 1968 | Approved |
1968 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Amend various provisions relating to the conduction of elections | Approved |
1968 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Amend provisions relating to the administration of counties and cities | Approved |
1966 | LRCA | Amendment 10 | Allow the board of county commissioners for Orange County to revise justice of the peace district boundaries in Orange County | Approved |
1966 | LRCA | Amendment 11 | Establish that each condemnation of property jury shall be composed of twelve jurors | Approved |
1966 | LRCA | Amendment 12 | Provide for a special legislative session solely for the purpose of organization after November general elections | Approved |
1966 | LRCA | Amendment 13 | Exempt stock in trade, inventory, and livestock from ad valorem taxation | Approved |
1966 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Establish that constitutional revisions adopted by convention be submitted to the electors at the next general election | Approved |
1966 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Provide for the terms of employment of appointive county superintendents of public instruction | Approved |
1966 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Provide presidential voting rights for residents not yet meeting state qualifications | Approved |
1966 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Establish regulations on the appearance of the state flag | Approved |
1966 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Give the electorate power to provide for consolidation of municipal and county governments of Hillsborough County | Approved |
1966 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Authorize the Legislature to require county judges to be members of the Florida bar | Approved |
1966 | LRCA | Amendment 7 | Establish that the legislature shall determine the number of county judges in each county and their monetary jurisdiction | Approved |
1966 | LRCA | Amendment 8 | Establish requirements for state judges, provide a procedure for the selection, discipline, retirement and removal of judges, and establish the Judicial Qualifications Commission | Approved |
1966 | LRCA | Amendment 9 | Create separate offices for the 13th Judicial Circuit State Attorney and Hillsborough County Prosecuting Attorney Criminal Court of Record | Approved |
1965 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Prescribe the number of appellate districts within the state and the number of judges to serve each district | Approved |
1965 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Authorize the legislature to provide an additional county judge in Lake County | Approved |
1965 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Establish that the Palm Beach County clerk of the circuit court shall also be the clerk of the criminal court of record | Approved |
1965 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Allow for the issuance of up to $300,000,000 of bonds for construction and reconstruction of roads | Defeated |
1965 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Expand the definition of “motor vehicles” for taxation purposes | Approved |
1964 | LRCA | Amendment 10 | Increase the number of judicial circuits | Approved |
1964 | LRCA | Amendment 11 | Provide an additional legislative method of revising or amending the constitution | Approved |
1964 | LRCA | Amendment 12 | Extend the second gas tax until January 1, 2018 | Defeated |
1964 | LRCA | Amendment 13 | Establish that in Sarasota County, the first $2,000 of the assessed valuation on home and contiguous property be taxable for school purposes only | Approved |
1964 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Provide for apportionment of the Florida legislature | Defeated |
1964 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Limit the length of the term of boards for colleges and universities to nine years | Approved |
1964 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Amend provisions relating to the use of revenue from motor vehicles licensing for capital outlay, debt service and other school purposes | Approved |
1964 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Authorize the principal of state school funds to be used for capital outlay for higher learning and public schools | Defeated |
1964 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Allow for the appointment of the superintendent of public instruction in several counties | Approved |
1964 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Establish that the Superintendent of Public Instruction for Taylor County be appointed by the County Board of Public Instruction | Approved |
1964 | LRCA | Amendment 7 | Provide for the continuity of governmental operations in periods of emergency resulting from disasters caused by enemy attack | Approved |
1964 | LRCA | Amendment 8 | Eliminate the Commissioner of Agriculture's supervision of matters relating to public lands and the Bureau of Immigration | Approved |
1964 | LRCA | Amendment 9 | Authorize civil trials in branch courthouses in Dade County | Approved |
1963 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Provide for the election of the Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney General, Comptroller, Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction and Commissioner of Agriculture at the 1964 general election for a two-year term and then establish that such positions be up for election in 1966, for terms of four years | Approved |
1963 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Authorize the issuance of bonds for capital outlay at institutions of higher learning | Approved |
1963 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Allow the Outdoor Recreational Development Council to be able to issue revenue bonds, revenue certificates or other evidences of indebtedness for outdoor recreation and natural resources conservation | Approved |
1962 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Provide for the apportionment and number of legislatures in the House of Representatives and Senate | Defeated |
1962 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Provide that the Superintendent of Public Instruction to be appointed by the County Board of Public Instruction in certain counties | Approved |
1962 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Establish that the Speaker of the House may appoint a committee to investigate impeachable allegations | Approved |
1962 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Authorize Pasco County to hold civil jury trials in any branch courthouse within the county | Approved |
1962 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Establish that the State Attorney of the Fourth Judicial Circuit shall be the prosecuting attorney for the Criminal Court of Record of Duval County | Approved |
1962 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Change the procedures for setting the number of circuit court judge | Defeated |
1962 | LRCA | Amendment 7 | Revise the preamble of the state constitution | Approved |
1962 | LRCA | Amendment 8 | Clarify the state borders by using references to latitudes and longitudes and extend the coastal boundaries as permitted by US and international law | Approved |
1962 | LRCA | Amendment 9 | Revise wording regarding the division of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial Departments | Approved |
1960 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Amend the number and organization of the district courts of appeal and the number of judges for each district court of appeal | Approved |
1960 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Provide for original absentee registration for members of the armed forces and their families who are outside the United States | Approved |
1960 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Revise the administration of the Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission | Defeated |
1960 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Establish the allocation of excise taxes collected by the state or under its authority from the operation of pari-mutuel pools | Defeated |
1960 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Provide for jury trials of civil suits in certain municipalities within Volusia and Highlands Counties and revise provisions relating to the administration of the court system in counties | Approved |
1960 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Allow the County of Brevard to hold civil jury trials in any branch courthouse within the county | Approved |
Year | Type | Title | Description | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1959 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Amend provisions relating to the apportionment of the legislature | Defeated |
1958 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Allow the legislature to link proposed constitutional amendments in an election so that all must be approved for any one to be enacted | Defeated |
1958 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Eliminate the Hillsborough County solicitor and transfer the duties to the State Attorney of the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit of Florida | Approved |
1956 | LRCA | Amendment 10 | Amend provisions relating to the general fund and finances regarding county officers in Escambia County | Approved |
1956 | LRCA | Amendment 11 | Allow for the establishment of civil service systems and civil service boards for non-elected and non-appointed municipal, county, and state employees and officers | Approved |
1956 | LRCA | Amendment 12 | Provide for civil jury trials in Pinellas County and establish the administration of such trials | Approved |
1956 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Revise the state court system | Approved |
1956 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Allow for home rule in Dade County | Approved |
1956 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Establish the procedure for calling an extra session of the state legislature | Approved |
1956 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Reapportion the Florida Senate and House of Representatives | Defeated |
1956 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Provide for an additional judge for the Criminal Court of Record of Duval County | Approved |
1956 | LRCA | Amendment 7 | Eliminate the Office of County Special Tax School District Trustees and transfer its duties to the County Board of Public Instruction | Approved |
1956 | LRCA | Amendment 8 | Allow for the appointment of County Superintendents of Public Instruction in Duval, Sarasota, Dade, and Pinellas Counties | Approved |
1956 | LRCA | Amendment 9 | Eliminate the office of County Solicitor in Dade County and transfer those duties to the State Attorney of the 11th Judicial Circuit | Approved |
1954 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Revise provisions relating to extra sessions of the legislature and the compensation of legislators | Approved |
1954 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Prohibit the use of state funds for toll roads extending into more than three counties | Defeated |
1954 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Allow for additional county judges in counties with a population of more than 125,000 | Approved |
1954 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Increase the number of days the Governor has to approve or veto bills for 10 days to 20 days | Approved |
1954 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Establish procedures for allowing the county tax assessor to assess municipal taxes | Approved |
1954 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Establish that the County Tax Assessor in Monroe County is to assess all property in the county for all tax districts | Approved |
1954 | LRCA | Amendment 7 | Revise the Escambia County court system | Approved |
1952 | LRCA | Amendment 10 | Revise the Escambia County court system | Defeated |
1952 | LRCA | Amendment 11 | Require that all money collected by Escambia County officers be paid into the county general fund and be used for the salaries, expenses, and compensation of officers of Escambia County | Defeated |
1952 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Use money from the licensing of motor vehicles for state education capital project funds | Approved |
1952 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Increase the number of Justices on the state Supreme Court to ten and make other changes regarding the operation of the judiciary | Defeated |
1952 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Allow for county home rule | Defeated |
1952 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Provide for additional Circuit Judges for the Second Judicial Circuit | Defeated |
1952 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Create the 40th senatorial district, representing Bay and Washington Counties | Defeated |
1952 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Create the 39th senatorial district, representing Monroe County | Defeated |
1952 | LRCA | Amendment 7 | Establish that the County Tax Assessor in Monroe County assesses the county for all tax districts | Defeated |
1952 | LRCA | Amendment 8 | Transfer the duties of the County Solicitor in Dade County to the State Attorney of the 11th Judicial Circuit | Defeated |
1952 | LRCA | Amendment 9 | Establish that the County Tax Assessor for Lee County assesses for all tax districts in the county | Defeated |
1950 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Establish a juvenile court system | Approved |
1950 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Use the federal census as the state census | Approved |
1950 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Require laws to be single subject, require that laws have a title, and require law revisions to be published at length | Approved |
1950 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Create the Sixteenth Judicial Circuit of Florida in Monroe County | Approved |
1950 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Allow for an additional county judge in counties with a population greater than 250,000 | Approved |
Year | Type | Title | Description | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1948 | LRCA | Amendment 10 | Establish that the County Tax Assessor for Pinellas County assesses for all tax districts in the county | Approved |
1948 | LRCA | Amendment 11 | Make the Judge of the Court of Record of Escambia County an elective office with a term of six years | Approved |
1948 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Establish that all excise taxes upon gasoline or other motor fuel products be used for public highway, street, and airport purposes | Defeated |
1948 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Allow for the issuance of bonds for educational purposes | Defeated |
1948 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Create the 39th and 40th senatorial districts in Monroe, Washington, and Calhoun Counties | Defeated |
1948 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Establish qualifications for members of the legislature and set their compensation and reimbursement | Approved |
1948 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Allow the legislature to revise an entire article of the state constitution at once, rather than revising it section by section, and submitting it to voters | Approved |
1948 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Provide for the compensation and duties of retired Justices of the state Supreme Court and Circuit Judges | Approved |
1948 | LRCA | Amendment 7 | Establish that the County Tax Assessor for St. Lucie County assesses for all tax districts in the county | Approved |
1948 | LRCA | Amendment 8 | Establish that the County Tax Assessor for Broward County assesses for all tax districts in the county | Approved |
1948 | LRCA | Amendment 9 | Establish that the County Tax Assessor for Volusia County assesses for all tax districts in the county | Approved |
1946 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Amend various provisions relating to the administration of government in Orange County | Approved |
1946 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Establish that the County Tax Assessor for Hillsborough County assesses for all tax districts in the county except for Plant City | Defeated |
1946 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Establish that the County Tax Assessor for Bay County assesses for all tax districts in the county | Defeated |
1946 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Allow, by a concurrent resolution of the State and House of Representatives, for the appointment of a director of the budget | Defeated |
1946 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Establish provisions relating to legislative appropriations | Defeated |
1946 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Establish Judge of the Court of Record for Escambia County and County Solicitor for Escambia County as elective offices | Defeated |
1944 | LRCA | Amendment 10 | Establish that the County Tax Assessor for Hillsborough County assesses for all tax districts in the county | Approved |
1944 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Set tax rates | Approved |
1944 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Establish new legislative districts and provide for reapportionment of the legislative districts | Defeated |
1944 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Limit the number of Justice of Peace Districts in any county to five | Approved |
1944 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Establish state attorneys, judges of the criminal courts of record and county solicitors as elected positions | Approved |
1944 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Prohibit denying or restricting a person’s right to work based on membership or non-membership in a labor union | Approved |
1944 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Establish a uniform system of county and municipal government | Defeated |
1944 | LRCA | Amendment 7 | Amend provisions relating to the terms of those appointed or elected to fill vacancies | Approved |
1944 | LRCA | Amendment 8 | Provide for five county commissioners districts in each county | Approved |
1942 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Create a State Board of Administration with powers relating to bonds | Approved |
1942 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Allow legislatively referred constitutional amendments to be placed on the ballot with a three-fourths vote of both houses | Approved |
1942 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Create a commission relating to the conservation of birds, game, fur bearing animals, and fresh water fish | Approved |
1942 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Provide for the election of Circuit Judges | Approved |
1942 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Allow a board or commission to make rules and regulations about salt water fish and products conservation | Approved |
1942 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Provide for 40 Senate districts and redistricting every ten years | Defeated |
1942 | LRCA | Amendment 7 | Provide for redistricting of Dade County Commissioners Districts | Approved |
1942 | LRCA | Amendment 8 | Limit the amount of money that can be taken from a person's income by the courts to pay for debt obligations | Defeated |
1942 | LRCA | Amendment 9 | Allow for certain corporate property tax exemptions | Defeated |
1940 | LRCA | County Commissioner's Districts Amendment | Allow for the creation of County Commissioner’s districts in each county | Defeated |
1940 | LRCA | Parole Commission Amendment | Allow for the creation of a Parole Commission | Approved |
1940 | LRCA | State Ad Valorem Property Taxes Amendment | Prohibit state ad valorem taxes on real or personal property, except intangible personal property | Approved |
1940 | LRCA | State Supreme Court Amendment | Establish a seventh Supreme Court Justice, allow the court to act in divisions, and designate the Chief Justice as chief administrative officer | Approved |
1940 | LRCA | Use of Parimutuel Tax Funds Amendment | Allow for the equal allocation and distribution of taxes collected on parimutuel gambling | Approved |
1940 | LRCA | Widow Tax Exemption Amendment | Give all widows a $500 taxation exemption | Approved |
Year | Type | Title | Description | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1938 | LRCA | Homestead Tax Exemption Amendment | Provide for a homestead property tax exemption | Approved |
1938 | LRCA | Laws Regarding Municipalities Amendment | Require state laws regarding municipalities be uniform and require publication of proposed changes to state laws regarding municipalities | Approved |
1938 | LRCA | National Guard Amendment | Establish a Florida National Guard | Approved |
1938 | LRCA | Raising of Revenue for the State Amendment | Require the state to raise funds to provide for education and to pay existing indebtedness | Approved |
1936 | LRCA | Allow for State Public Assistance System Amendment | Allow the state to create and fund a uniform statewide public assistance system for residents who, "age, infirmity, or misfortune, may have claims upon the aid and sympathy of society" | Approved |
1936 | LRCA | City of Key West Municipal Corporation Amendment | Allow the Legislature the power to establish, alter or abolish, a municipal corporation known as the City of Key West | Approved |
1934 | LRCA | Amendment 1 | Provide for 15 judicial circuits and the number of judges within each | Approved |
1934 | LRCA | Amendment 2 | Provide for up to $5,000 in tax exemptions on homesteads | Approved |
1934 | LRCA | Amendment 3 | Allow counties to prohibit the sale of alcohol within the county by vote of the county electors | Approved |
1934 | LRCA | Amendment 4 | Provide for a grand jury in certain cases and establish certain procedures for criminal trials | Approved |
1934 | LRCA | Amendment 5 | Establish a uniform system of county and municipal government | Approved |
1934 | LRCA | Amendment 6 | Provide tax exemptions to movie studios | Approved |
1934 | LRCA | Amendment 7 | Allow the Legislature the power to establish, alter or abolish, a municipal corporation known as the City of Jacksonville | Approved |
1932 | LRCA | County Commissioner Districts Amendment | Establish county commissioner districts | Defeated |
1932 | LRCA | State Supreme Court Amendment | Amend provisions related to the composition and organization of the state Supreme Court | Defeated |
1930 | LRCA | Industrial Plant Tax Exemption Amendment | Exempt certain industrial plants from taxation for fifteen years | Approved |
1930 | LRCA | Inheritance Tax Amendment | Allow for a state inheritance tax up to the same rate as the federal government tax rate | Approved |
1930 | LRCA | Motor Vehicle Taxation Amendment | Establish that motor vehicles shall only be subject to one tax | Approved |
1930 | LRCA | State and Local Bonds Amendment | Allow the state to issue bonds for certain purposes and require voter approval for counties, districts, and municipalities to issue bonds | Approved |
Year | Type | Title | Description | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1928 | LRCA | Classification and Administration of Municipalities Amendment | Require general laws for the classification and administration of municipalities | Defeated |
1928 | LRCA | Compensation and Qualifications of Legislators Amendment | Establish the pay and eligibility requirements of state legislators | Defeated |
1928 | LRCA | Local and Special Laws Amendment | Require publications or an election for the state legislature to pass local or special laws | Approved |
1928 | LRCA | School Districts and Tax Levy Amendment | Allow for counties to be divided into schools districts with three elected school trustees to run each district and allow for the levy of a district school tax | Defeated |
1926 | LRCA | County School Funds Amendment | Define the revenue sources for the County School Fund | Approved |
1926 | LRCA | State Supreme Court Chief Justice Amendment | Provide for the selection and term of the Chief Justice of the state Supreme Court | Approved |
1926 | LRCA | Use of Property by Foreigners Amendment | Revise provisions relating to the rights of foreigners to own and use property | Approved |
1924 | LRCA | Apportionment of the Legislature Amendment | Provide for 33 senatorial districts and a system for representatives based on county population | Approved |
1924 | LRCA | Duval County Government Amendment | Allow the Legislature to establish a local government throughout Duval County | Defeated |
1924 | LRCA | Prohibition of Income and Inheritance Taxes Amendment | Prohibit income or inheritance taxes and exempt $500 of the head of a family's personal property from taxation | Approved |
1924 | LRCA | Special Tax School District Bonds Amendment | Allow for the creation of special tax school districts and for such districts to issue bonds of up to 20% of the assessed value of taxable property in the district | Approved |
1924 | LRCA | Taxation and Exemptions Amendment | Allow for uniform and equal taxation rates, special rates of taxation on intangible property, and certain tax exemptions | Approved |
1922 | LRCA | Additional Circuit Court Judges Amendment | Allow the Legislature to appoint additional circuit court judges in circuits with a population over 75,000 people | Approved |
1922 | LRCA | Creation of School Districts and Taxes Amendment | Allow for the creation of school districts and the levy of up to a 10 mill school tax in each school district | Approved |
1922 | LRCA | Legislative Districts and Representatives Amendment | Provide for 38 senatorial districts and a system for representatives based on county population | Defeated |
1922 | LRCA | Payment of State Officers' Salaries Amendment | Establish that the salaries of state officers be paid monthly | Approved |
1920 | LRCA | Road System Bonds Amendment | Allow the state to issue bonds for building and maintaining a system of good roads and bridges | Defeated |
Year | Type | Title | Description | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1918 | LRCA | Alcohol Prohibition Amendment | Enact state prohibition on alcohol, beginning January 1, 1919 | Approved |
1918 | LRCA | Maximum School Tax Amendment | Increase the maximum school tax to 10 mills | Approved |
1916 | LRCA | Reapportionment of the Legislature Amendment | Provide for a Senator from each county and a system for the number of representatives for each county based on county population | Defeated |
1916 | LRCA | Voter Eligibility Amendment | Amend the eligibility rules for the right to vote | Defeated |
1916 | LRCA | Widows' Tax Exemption Amendment | Create a tax exemption for widows and those disabled by war or misfortune | Approved |
1914 | LRCA | County Officers Amendment | Eliminate the office of county treasurer and establish the term of office for county tax assessor and collector as four years | Approved |
1914 | LRCA | Court System Amendment | Establish the state court system | Approved |
1914 | LRCA | State Militia Officers Amendment | Establish procedures and protocols for officers of the state militia | Approved |
1912 | LRCA | Extra Judge for Duval County Amendment | Provide for an extra circuit court judge in Duval County, paid for by Duval County | Approved |
1912 | LRCA | Special Tax School District Bonds Amendment | Allow for the issuance of bonds by special tax school districts and allow for the levy of taxes to pay for those bonds. | Approved |
1910 | LRCA | Escambia County Court of Record Amendment | Revise the operation of the Court of Record in Escambia County | Approved |
1910 | LRCA | Establishment of Courts Amendment | Revise the procedures for establishing new judicial circuits | Approved |
1910 | LRCA | Prohibition of Alcohol Amendment | Enact a state prohibition on alcohol, beginning July 1, 1911 | Defeated |
Year | Type | Title | Description | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1908 | LRCA | Additional Judicial Circuits Amendment | Amend provisions relating to allowing for additional judicial circuits | Defeated |
1908 | LRCA | Judicial Salaries Amendment | Establish that the Legislature shall set judicial salaries | Defeated |
1908 | LRCA | Tax for State Educational Institutions Amendment | Provide for a 1 mill tax to support and maintain certain state educational institutions | Defeated |
1906 | LRCA | Amending the State Constitution Amendment | Revise the process for amending the state constitution | Defeated |
1906 | LRCA | Board of Drainage Commissioners Amendment | Create a Board of Drainage Commissioners to manage swamps and overflowed lands | Defeated |
1906 | LRCA | Court of Record in Escambia County Amendment | Establish a Court of Record in Escambia County | Defeated |
1906 | LRCA | Criminal Courts of Record Judicial Salaries Amendment | Set the salaries of judges of Criminal Courts of Record | Defeated |
1906 | LRCA | Salaries of Judicial Officers Amendment | Set the salaries of Supreme Court justices and Circuit Court judges | Defeated |
1904 | LRCA | County Court Systems Amendment | Establish the county court systems | Defeated |
1904 | LRCA | Manufacturing Municipal Tax Exemption Amendment | Allow for a municipal tax exemption for manufacturing businesses | Defeated |
1904 | LRCA | Maximum County School Tax Amendment | Increase the maximum county tax for public schools | Approved |
1904 | LRCA | State Judicial System Amendment | Revise the state judicial system | Defeated |
1904 | LRCA | Supreme Court Decisions Amendment | Establish that Supreme Court decisions do not take effect until filed | Defeated |
1904 | LRCA | Terms of County Officers Amendment | Increase the terms for certain county officers | Defeated |
1904 | LRCA | Uniform System of Municipal Government Amendment | Establish a uniform system of government for municipalities | Defeated |
1902 | LRCA | Changes to State Supreme Court Amendment | Increase the number of state Supreme Court justices and change quorum requirements for the court | Approved |
1902 | LRCA | Judicial Circuits Amendment | Provide for eight judicial circuits and eight circuit judges | Approved |
1900 | LRCA | County Commissioner Districts Amendment | Provide for the creation of county commissioner districts and the election of such county commissioners | Approved |
1900 | LRCA | Prohibition of Special Incorporation Laws Amendment | Prohibit special incorporation laws | Approved |
1900 | LRCA | Representation of New Counties Amendment | Provide for representation in the legislature for new counties | Approved |
1900 | LRCA | State Seal and Flag Amendment | Establish the description of the state seal and state flag | Approved |
Ballotpedia completed an inventory of Florida ballot measures from 1900 to 2024. Florida voters have decided on 407 ballot measures placed on the ballot by successful citizen initiatives, the Florida State Legislature, and state commissions. The types of measures decided included advisory questions, bond issues, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, initiated constitutional amendments, and commission-referred ballot measures. Two hundred eighty-eight (288) measures were approved, and one hundred nineteen (119) measures were defeated.
The inventory of Florida statewide ballot measures is part of Ballotpedia's Historical Ballot Measure Factbook, which will document nearly 200 years of direct democracy in the United States. This ongoing research effort will provide an unparalleled resource for researchers, reporters, and the voting public on how ballot measures have evolved, the issues they've covered, and the role they have played in our civic life.
Notable topics
Direct democracy and constitutional amendments
- In 1906, voters defeated an amendment that would have made changes to the legislative referral process for constitutional amendments, requiring a three-fifths vote of all the members elected to each chamber. In 1942, voters approved an amendment authorizing the state legislature to place constitutional amendments on the ballot with a three-fourths vote of each chamber.
- In 1948, voters expanded the legislature's power by authorizing it to revise an entire article of the state constitution at once—rather than revising it section by section as required under existing law—subject to a three-fifths vote in each legislative chamber, publication in each county, and voter approval in a general or special election. Voters passed changes to this power of constitutional revision in 1964, allowing either branch of the legislature to propose by joint resolution a revision of the entire Constitution or a revision or amendment of any portion of it.
- Florida voters approved an amendment in 1966 providing for constitutional conventions. However, in 1968, voters adopted a new constitution without a provision for the legislature to call a constitutional convention. The 1968 constitution does authorize citizens to petition for a constitutional convention question. The petition requires valid signatures equal to 15% of the votes cast in the last presidential election.
- With the adoption of the 1968 constitution, voters also created the Florida Constitution Revision Commission. The commission is tasked with examining the constitution, holding public hearings, and referring constitutional amendments to the ballot no later than 180 days before an election.
- Voters defeated a measure to abolish the commission in 1980 with 57% of voters opposing the measure.
- In 1996, voters approved an amendment to move the next meeting of the Constitution Revision Commission to 1997 and allow the Commission to review matters relating to taxation or the state budgetary process.
- In 2022, voters defeated a legislatively referred constitutional amendment that would have abolished the state Constitution Revision Commission. It needed 60% of the vote to pass, but received 54%.
- Florida is one of 16 initiative states that require ballot initiatives to address a single-subject. This requirement was adopted in 1972 with the approval of Amendment 3. In 1994, voters made an exception to the single-subject rule for initiated constitutional amendments related to limiting the power of government to raise revenue.
- In 2002, voters approved an amendment to require the state legislature to pass a law requiring economic impact statements for initiated constitutional amendments.
- With the approval of Amendment 4 in 1986 and subsequent laws, the Florida Attorney General is required to request an advisory opinion from the Florida Supreme Court on every initiative filed.
- Florida adopted its first supermajority requirement in 1996 when it approved Amendment 1 to require new state taxes and fees to be approved by a two-thirds vote. A 60% supermajority requirement was adopted for all constitutional amendments with the approval of Amendment 3 in 2006.
- Florida voters created the Taxation and Budget Reform Commission, which is authorized to refer amendments to the ballot, with the approval of Amendment 6 in 1988, requiring the commission to meet in 1990 and every 10 years after. In 1998, voters approved an amendment proposed by the Florida Constitution Revision Commission that changed the meeting schedule from every 10 years to every 20 years.
- In 2020, voters defeated an initiative that would have required constitutional amendments to be approved by voters at a second general election to become effective.
State flag, boundaries, and language
- Florida voters approved the state seal and flag in 1900. In 1966, voters formalized the proportions of the state seal and flag in the state constitution with the approval of Amendment 4.
- In 1962, voters approved an amendment clarifying the state borders by using references to latitudes and longitudes and extending the coastal boundaries as permitted by US and international law.
- Voters approved an amendment establishing English as the official state language in 1988, with 84% of voters supporting the amendment.
Advisory questions
- Florida voters have decided on four legislatively referred advisory questions.
- In 1972, voters approved three nonbinding questions demonstrating their support for passing a federal ban to prohibit forced busing; providing "equal opportunity for quality education for all children" regardless of race, creed, color, or place of residence; and passing an amendment to the U.S. Constitution to allow prayer in public schools. All received at least 74% of the vote.
- In 2010, voters approved a nonbinding question showing support for an amendment to the U.S. Constitution to require that the federal budget be balanced without raising taxes. It received support from 72% of voters.
Abortion
- Florida voters have defeated two amendments related to abortion because neither reached the 60% supermajority requirement:
- In 2012, with 45% voting in favor and 55% opposed, voters defeated Amendment 6, which would have prohibited the state from spending public funds for abortions or health insurance that includes abortion coverage, with certain exceptions, and would have added language to the Florida Constitution providing that it cannot be interpreted to "create broader rights to an abortion" than the U.S. Constitution.
- In 2024, Florida voters defeated an amendment that would have added the following language to the state's Declaration of Rights: "… no law shall prohibit, penalize, delay, or restrict abortion before viability or when necessary to protect the patient’s health, as determined by the patient’s healthcare provider.” The margin was 57% in favor to 43% opposed.
Other topics
- In 2020, an amendment that would have established a top-two open primary system for primary elections for state legislators, the governor, and cabinet (attorney general, chief financial officer, and commissioner of agriculture) in Florida failed to meet the 60% supermajority requirement for approval, with 57% supporting it.
- Florida voters adopted Amendment 11 in 1998, which provided for public campaign financing for statewide offices. The amendment was approved with 64.12% of voters in favor and 35.88% opposed. Voters considered two amendments to repeal the public financing provisions in 2010 and 2024, but neither received 60% of the vote to be adopted.
- In 2024, voters adopted the right to hunt and fish.
Statistics
Closest and widest margins
Of the 407 ballot measures, two were decided by less than a percentage point of the vote. The five closest measures are below:
Closest vote margins for Florida statewide ballot measures, 1900-2024 | |||||||
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Measure | Year | Yes votes | No votes | Vote margin | Outcome | ||
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The following five measures had the widest vote margins by percentage:
Widest vote margins for Florida statewide ballot measures, 1900-2024 | |||||||
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Measure | Year | Yes votes | No votes | Vote margin | Outcome | ||
# | % | # | % | ||||
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Florida ballot measure topics
Florida ballot measures have addressed 140 unique topics, with some addressing multiple topics in one measure. The top 10 most common topics addressed are:
- State judiciary structure (48 measures)
- State judicial authority (34 measures)
- Local government organization (33 measures)
- Local government finance and taxes (27 measures)
- Property tax exemptions (26 measures)
- Homestead tax exemptions (21 measures)
- Tax and revenue administration (20 measures)
- State judicial selection (20 measures)
- Property taxes (19 measures)
- Administrative organization (19 measures)
By the decade
The average number of measures per decade was 31, and the average number of measures approved per decade was 69%. The decade with the most ballot measures was the 1960s, which featured 54 ballot measures. Forty-six ballot measures (86%) were approved, and eight measures (14%) were defeated. The decade with the highest approval rate was the 2000s, which featured 32 ballot measures, with all but three approved. The decade with the lowest approval rating was the 1900s, which saw only seven of the 21 ballot measures approved.
By type
- See also: Types of ballot measures in Florida
There are five different types of ballot measures in Florida. Legislatively referred constitutional amendments have appeared on the ballot the most number of times (327), with voters approving 70% of them. Initiatives have appeared on statewide ballots 44 times—33 were approved. Florida is also the only state with commissions empowered to refer constitutional amendments to the ballot. The Florida Constitution Revision Commission (FCRC) and the Florida Taxation and Budget Reform Commission (TBRC) have referred 31 amendments to the ballot, with 20 approved and 11 defeated.
Citizen-initiated measures had the best success at the ballot box, with 75% of the 44 measures approved. Commission-referred measures had the lowest approval rate, with 65% of the 31 measures approved.
Background
Citizen-initiated ballot measures
In Florida, citizens have the power to initiate constitutional amendments. The initiated constitutional amendment process was established with the adoption of a new state constitution in 1968.
The number of signatures required for an initiated constitutional amendment is equal to 8% of the votes cast in the last presidential election. Proponents must obtain signatures equaling at least 8% of the district-wide vote in the most recent presidential election in at least half (14) of the state's 27 congressional districts. A 60% vote is required for voter approval. In 2006, voters passed an amendment establishing the 60% vote requirement.
Legislatively referred ballot measures
In Florida, the state legislature has the power to refer constitutional amendments, bond measures, and advisory questions to the ballot.
A 60% vote is required during one legislative session for the Florida State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. Amendments on the ballot must be approved by 60% of voters to pass.
A simple majority vote is required during one legislative session for the state legislature to place an advisory question or bond issue on the ballot. The governor must sign the legislation. A simple majority vote is required for voter approval.
Commission-referred constitutional amendments
According to Article XI of the Florida Constitution, the Florida Constitution Revision Commission can refer constitutional amendments to the ballot. The Constitution Revision Commission convenes every 20 years, beginning in 1977. The Florida Taxation and Budget Reform Commission is also empowered to refer constitutional amendments related to taxation and the state budget to the ballot. The Taxation and Budget Reform Commission convenes every 20 years beginning in 2007. Florida is the only state with commissions empowered to refer constitutional amendments to the ballot.