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March 5 presidential primary elections and caucuses, 2016
Date: November 8, 2016 |
Winner: Donald Trump (R) Hillary Clinton (D) • Jill Stein (G) • Gary Johnson (L) • Vice presidential candidates |
Important dates • Nominating process • Ballotpedia's 2016 Battleground Poll • Polls • Debates • Presidential election by state • Ratings and scorecards |
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Five states held presidential primary elections or caucuses for the Democratic and Republican parties on March 5, 2016 (sometimes referred to as "Super Saturday"). These events were the first electoral contests in the presidential nominating process since Super Tuesday on March 1, 2016.
On the Democratic side on March 5, 2016, an estimated 109 pledged delegates were up for grabs in 3 states. The eventual Democratic nominee needs a total of 2,383 delegates to secure the nomination. On the Republican side, an estimated 155 pledged delegates were at stake in 4 states. The eventual Republican nominee needs a total of 1,237 delegates to secure the nomination.
For a running count of the total number of delegates that have been awarded to all candidates in both parties throughout the presidential nominating process, click here.
Ballotpedia's March 5 primary election coverage
States
Below are a list and map of all states and territories that participated in the March 5, 2016, primary elections and caucuses. To access results and information on each state, click the tabs beneath the map.
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March 5 state-by-state overviews
Overview
DemocratsThe delegate counts and popular vote were last updated at 1:09 pm EST on March 6, 2016.
RepublicansThe delegate counts and popular vote were last updated at 1:09 pm EST on March 6, 2016.
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Kansas
Quick facts
Democrats:
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Republicans
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Caucus results
- See also: Presidential election in Kansas, 2016
Democrats
Kansas Democratic Caucus, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Vote % | Votes | Delegates | |
![]() |
67.7% | 26,450 | 10 | |
Hillary Clinton | 32.3% | 12,593 | 23 | |
Totals | 39,043 | 33 | ||
Source: The New York Times and Kansas Democratic Party |
Republicans
Kansas Republican Caucus, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Vote % | Votes | Delegates | |
![]() |
48.2% | 35,207 | 24 | |
Donald Trump | 23.3% | 17,062 | 9 | |
Marco Rubio | 16.7% | 12,189 | 6 | |
John Kasich | 10.7% | 7,795 | 1 | |
Other | 1.2% | 863 | 0 | |
Totals | 73,116 | 40 | ||
Source: The New York Times and CNN |
Delegate selection
Democratic Party
Kansas had 37 delegates at the 2016 Democratic National Convention. Of this total, 33 were pledged delegates. National party rules stipulated how Democratic delegates in all states were allocated. Pledged delegates were allocated to a candidate in proportion to the votes he or she received in a state's primary or caucus. A candidate was eligible to receive a share of the state's pledged delegates if he or she won at least 15 percent of the votes cast in the primary or caucus. There were three types of pledged Democratic delegates: congressional district delegates, at-large delegates, and party leaders and elected officials (PLEOs). Congressional district delegates were allocated proportionally based on the primary or caucus results in a given district. At-large and PLEO delegates were allocated proportionally based on statewide caucus results.[1][2]
Four party leaders and elected officials served as unpledged delegates. These delegates were not required to adhere to the results of a state's primary or caucus.[1][3]
Republican Party
Kansas had 40 delegates at the 2016 Republican National Convention. Of this total, 12 were district-level delegates (three for each of the state's four congressional districts). District-level delegates were allocated proportionally; a candidate had to win at least 10 percent of the district caucus vote in order to be eligible to receive any of the district's delegates.[4][5]
Of the remaining 28 delegates, 25 served at large. At-large delegates were allocated on a proportional basis; a candidate had to win at least 10 percent of the statewide caucus vote in order to be eligible to receive any at-large delegates. In addition, three national party leaders (identified on the chart below as RNC delegates) served as bound delegates to the Republican National Convention.[4][5]
State profile
Demographic data for Kansas | ||
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Kansas | U.S. | |
Total population: | 2,906,721 | 316,515,021 |
Land area (sq mi): | 81,759 | 3,531,905 |
Race and ethnicity** | ||
White: | 85.2% | 73.6% |
Black/African American: | 5.8% | 12.6% |
Asian: | 2.6% | 5.1% |
Native American: | 0.8% | 0.8% |
Pacific Islander: | 0.1% | 0.2% |
Two or more: | 3.3% | 3% |
Hispanic/Latino: | 11.2% | 17.1% |
Education | ||
High school graduation rate: | 90.2% | 86.7% |
College graduation rate: | 31% | 29.8% |
Income | ||
Median household income: | $52,205 | $53,889 |
Persons below poverty level: | 15% | 11.3% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015) Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Kansas. **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. |
Presidential voting pattern
- See also: Presidential voting trends in Kansas
Kansas voted Republican in all seven presidential elections between 2000 and 2024.
More Kansas coverage on Ballotpedia
- Elections in Kansas
- United States congressional delegations from Kansas
- Public policy in Kansas
- Endorsers in Kansas
- Kansas fact checks
- More...
Kentucky
Quick facts
Democrats
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Republicans
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Caucus results
- See also: Presidential election in Kentucky, 2016
Republicans
Kentucky Republican Caucus, 2016 | ||||
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Candidate | Vote % | Votes | Delegates | |
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35.9% | 82,493 | 17 | |
Ted Cruz | 31.6% | 72,503 | 15 | |
Marco Rubio | 16.4% | 37,579 | 7 | |
John Kasich | 14.4% | 33,134 | 7 | |
Ben Carson | 0.8% | 1,951 | 0 | |
Rand Paul | 0.4% | 872 | 0 | |
Other | 0.2% | 496 | 0 | |
Jeb Bush | 0.1% | 305 | 0 | |
Mike Huckabee | 0.1% | 174 | 0 | |
Chris Christie | 0% | 65 | 0 | |
Carly Fiorina | 0% | 64 | 0 | |
Rick Santorum | 0% | 31 | 0 | |
Totals | 229,667 | 46 | ||
Source: The New York Times and Republican Party of Kentucky |
Delegate selection
Republican Party
Kentucky had 46 delegates at the 2016 Republican National Convention. Of this total, 18 were district-level delegates (three for each of the state's six congressional districts). District delegates were allocated proportionally; a candidate had to win at least 5 percent of the statewide caucus vote in order to be eligible to receive any district delegates.[4][5]
Of the remaining 28 delegates, 25 served at large. At-large delegates were allocated proportionally; a candidate had to win at least 5 percent of the statewide caucus vote in order to be eligible to receive any of the state's at-large delegates. In addition, three national party leaders (identified on the chart below as RNC delegates) served as bound delegates to the Republican National Convention. The RNC delegates were allocated in the same manner as the at-large delegates.[4][5][6]
State profile
Demographic data for Kentucky | ||
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Kentucky | U.S. | |
Total population: | 4,424,611 | 316,515,021 |
Land area (sq mi): | 39,486 | 3,531,905 |
Race and ethnicity** | ||
White: | 87.6% | 73.6% |
Black/African American: | 7.9% | 12.6% |
Asian: | 1.3% | 5.1% |
Native American: | 0.2% | 0.8% |
Pacific Islander: | 0% | 0.2% |
Two or more: | 2.1% | 3% |
Hispanic/Latino: | 3.3% | 17.1% |
Education | ||
High school graduation rate: | 84.2% | 86.7% |
College graduation rate: | 22.3% | 29.8% |
Income | ||
Median household income: | $43,740 | $53,889 |
Persons below poverty level: | 22.7% | 11.3% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015) Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Kentucky. **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. |
Presidential voting pattern
- See also: Presidential voting trends in Kentucky
Kentucky voted Republican in all seven presidential elections between 2000 and 2024.
Pivot Counties (2016)
Ballotpedia identified 206 counties that voted for Donald Trump (R) in 2016 after voting for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012. Collectively, Trump won these Pivot Counties by more than 580,000 votes. Of these 206 counties, one is located in Kentucky, accounting for 0.5 percent of the total pivot counties.[7]
Pivot Counties (2020)
In 2020, Ballotpedia re-examined the 206 Pivot Counties to view their voting patterns following that year's presidential election. Ballotpedia defined those won by Trump won as Retained Pivot Counties and those won by Joe Biden (D) as Boomerang Pivot Counties. Nationwide, there were 181 Retained Pivot Counties and 25 Boomerang Pivot Counties. Kentucky had one Retained Pivot County, 0.55 percent of all Retained Pivot Counties.
More Kentucky coverage on Ballotpedia
- Elections in Kentucky
- United States congressional delegations from Kentucky
- Public policy in Kentucky
- Endorsers in Kentucky
- Kentucky fact checks
- More...
Louisiana
Quick facts
Democrats:
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Republicans
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2016 primary results
- See also: Presidential election in Louisiana, 2016
Democrats
Louisiana Democratic Primary, 2016 | ||||
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Candidate | Vote % | Votes | Delegates | |
Steve Burke | 1.5% | 4,785 | 0 | |
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71.1% | 221,733 | 37 | |
Roque De La Fuente | 0.4% | 1,341 | 0 | |
Henry Hewes | 0.3% | 806 | 0 | |
Keith Judd | 0.4% | 1,357 | 0 | |
Martin O'Malley | 0.8% | 2,550 | 0 | |
Bernie Sanders | 23.2% | 72,276 | 14 | |
Michael Steinberg | 0.3% | 993 | 0 | |
Willie Wilson | 0.5% | 1,423 | 0 | |
John Wolfe | 1.4% | 4,512 | 0 | |
Totals | 311,776 | 51 | ||
Source: Louisiana Secretary of State and CNN |
Republicans
Louisiana Republican Primary, 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Vote % | Votes | Delegates | |
Jeb Bush | 0.7% | 2,145 | 0 | |
Ben Carson | 1.5% | 4,544 | 0 | |
Chris Christie | 0.1% | 401 | 0 | |
Tim Cook | 0.1% | 219 | 0 | |
Ted Cruz | 37.8% | 113,968 | 18 | |
Carly Fiorina | 0.1% | 243 | 0 | |
Lindsey Graham | 0.1% | 152 | 0 | |
Mike Huckabee | 0.2% | 645 | 0 | |
John Kasich | 6.4% | 19,359 | 0 | |
Peter Messina | 0% | 48 | 0 | |
Rand Paul | 0.2% | 670 | 0 | |
Marco Rubio | 11.2% | 33,813 | 0 | |
Rick Santorum | 0.1% | 180 | 0 | |
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41.4% | 124,854 | 25 | |
Totals | 301,241 | 43 | ||
Source: Louisiana Secretary of State and The New York Times |
Delegate selection
Democratic Party
Louisiana had 59 delegates at the 2016 Democratic National Convention. Of this total, 51 were pledged delegates. National party rules stipulated how Democratic delegates in all states were allocated. Pledged delegates were allocated to a candidate in proportion to the votes he or she received in a state's primary or caucus. A candidate was eligible to receive a share of the state's pledged delegates if he or she won at least 15 percent of the votes cast in the primary or caucus. There were three types of pledged Democratic delegates: congressional district delegates, at-large delegates, and party leaders and elected officials (PLEOs). Congressional district delegates were allocated proportionally based on the primary or caucus results in a given district. At-large and PLEO delegates were allocated proportionally based on statewide primary results.[1][8]
Eight party leaders and elected officials served as unpledged delegates. These delegates were not required to adhere to the results of a state's primary or caucus.[1][9]
Republican Party
Louisiana had 46 delegates at the 2016 Republican National Convention. Of this total, 18 were district-level delegates (three for each of the state's six congressional districts). District delegates were allocated proportionally in accordance with the vote in a given district.[4][5]
Of the remaining 29 delegates, 25 served at large. At-large delegates were allocated proportionally; a candidate had to win at least 20 percent of the statewide vote in order to be eligible to receive any of the state's at-large delegates. In addition, three national party leaders (identified on the chart below as RNC delegates) served as bound delegates to the Republican National Convention. The RNC delegates were not required to pledge their support to the winner of the state's primary.[4][5][10]
Polls
Democratic Primary
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Poll | Hillary Clinton | Bernie Sanders | Unsure or Other | Margin of Error | Sample Size | ||||||||||||||
Magellan Strategies March 1, 2016 | 61% | 24% | 25% | +/-3.3 | 865 | ||||||||||||||
Public Policy Polling February 14-16, 2016 | 60% | 29% | 11% | +/-4.2 | 548 | ||||||||||||||
WWL-TV/Advocate September 2015 | 57% | 7% | 36% | +/-N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Note: A "0%" finding means the candidate was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org. |
Republican Primary
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Poll | Donald Trump | Ted Cruz | Marco Rubio | Ben Carson | John Kasich | Jeb Bush | Carly Fiorina | Mike Huckabee | Bobby Jindal | Chris Christie | Unsure or Other | Margin of Error | Sample Size | ||||||
Trafalgar Group March 1-2, 2016 | 44.15% | 25.92% | 14.84% | 5.72% | 5.17% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 9.37% | +/-2.73 | 1,509 | ||||||
Magellan Strategies March 1, 2016 | 41% | 21% | 15% | 5% | 9% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 18% | +/-3.9 | 609 | ||||||
WWL-TV/Advocate September 2015 | 19% | 6% | 9% | 23% | 3% | 10% | 7% | 4% | 3% | 2% | 24% | +/-N/A | N/A | ||||||
Note: A "0%" finding means the candidate was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org. |
State profile
Demographic data for Louisiana | ||
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Louisiana | U.S. | |
Total population: | 4,668,960 | 316,515,021 |
Land area (sq mi): | 43,204 | 3,531,905 |
Race and ethnicity** | ||
White: | 62.8% | 73.6% |
Black/African American: | 32.1% | 12.6% |
Asian: | 1.7% | 5.1% |
Native American: | 0.6% | 0.8% |
Pacific Islander: | 0% | 0.2% |
Two or more: | 1.8% | 3% |
Hispanic/Latino: | 4.7% | 17.1% |
Education | ||
High school graduation rate: | 83.4% | 86.7% |
College graduation rate: | 22.5% | 29.8% |
Income | ||
Median household income: | $45,047 | $53,889 |
Persons below poverty level: | 23.3% | 11.3% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015) Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Louisiana. **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. |
Presidential voting pattern
- See also: Presidential voting trends in Louisiana
Louisiana voted Republican in all seven presidential elections between 2000 and 2024.
More Louisiana coverage on Ballotpedia
- Elections in Louisiana
- United States congressional delegations from Louisiana
- Public policy in Louisiana
- Endorsers in Louisiana
- Louisiana fact checks
- More...
Maine
Quick facts
Democrats
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Republicans
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Note: Maine's Democratic caucuses took place on March 6, 2016.
Caucus results
- See also: Presidential election in Maine, 2016
Republicans
Maine Republican Caucus, 2016 | |||
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Candidate | Vote % | Votes | Delegates |
Donald Trump | 20% | 1 | 0 |
Marco Rubio | 20% | 1 | 0 |
Ted Cruz | 20% | 1 | 0 |
John Kasich | 20% | 1 | 0 |
Ben Carson | 20% | 1 | 0 |
Totals | 5 | 0 |
Delegate selection
Republican Party
Maine was expected to have 23 delegates at the 2016 Republican National Convention. Of this total, six were district-level delegates (three for each of the state's two congressional districts). District-level delegates were allocated on a proportional basis; a candidate had to win at least 10% of the statewide caucus vote in order to be eligible to receive any of the state's district delegates.[4][5]
Of the remaining 17 delegates, 14 served at large. At-large delegates were allocated proportionally; a candidate had to win at least 10% of the statewide caucus vote in order to be eligible to receive any of the state's at-large delegates. In addition, three national party leaders (identified on the chart below as RNC delegates) served as bound delegates to the Republican National Convention.[4][5]
State profile
Demographic data for Maine | ||
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Maine | U.S. | |
Total population: | 1,329,453 | 316,515,021 |
Land area (sq mi): | 30,843 | 3,531,905 |
Race and ethnicity** | ||
White: | 95% | 73.6% |
Black/African American: | 1.1% | 12.6% |
Asian: | 1.1% | 5.1% |
Native American: | 0.6% | 0.8% |
Pacific Islander: | 0% | 0.2% |
Two or more: | 2% | 3% |
Hispanic/Latino: | 1.5% | 17.1% |
Education | ||
High school graduation rate: | 91.6% | 86.7% |
College graduation rate: | 29% | 29.8% |
Income | ||
Median household income: | $49,331 | $53,889 |
Persons below poverty level: | 16.6% | 11.3% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015) Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Maine. **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. |
Presidential voting pattern
- See also: Presidential voting trends in Maine
Maine voted for the Democratic candidate in all seven presidential elections between 2000 and 2024.
Pivot Counties (2016)
Ballotpedia identified 206 counties that voted for Donald Trump (R) in 2016 after voting for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012. Collectively, Trump won these Pivot Counties by more than 580,000 votes. Of these 206 counties, eight are located in Maine, accounting for 3.88 percent of the total pivot counties.[11]
Pivot Counties (2020)
In 2020, Ballotpedia re-examined the 206 Pivot Counties to view their voting patterns following that year's presidential election. Ballotpedia defined those won by Trump won as Retained Pivot Counties and those won by Joe Biden (D) as Boomerang Pivot Counties. Nationwide, there were 181 Retained Pivot Counties and 25 Boomerang Pivot Counties. Maine had seven Retained Pivot Counties and one Boomerang Pivot County, accounting for 4.42 and 4.00 percent of all Retained and Boomerang Pivot Counties, respectively.
More Maine coverage on Ballotpedia
- Elections in Maine
- United States congressional delegations from Maine
- Public policy in Maine
- Endorsers in Maine
- Maine fact checks
- More...
Nebraska
Quick facts
Democrats:
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Republicans:
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2016 primary results
- See also: Presidential election in Nebraska, 2016
Democrats
Nebraska Democratic Primary, 2016 | |||
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Candidate | Vote % | Votes | Delegates |
Hillary Clinton | 50% | 1 | 0 |
Bernie Sanders | 50% | 1 | 0 |
Totals | 2 | 0 |
Delegate selection
Democratic Party
Nebraska had 30 delegates at the 2016 Democratic National Convention. Of this total, 25 were pledged delegates. National party rules stipulated how Democratic delegates in all states were allocated. Pledged delegates were allocated to a candidate in proportion to the votes he or she received in a state's primary or caucus. A candidate was eligible to receive a share of the state's pledged delegates if he or she won at least 15 percent of the votes cast in the primary or caucus. There were three types of pledged Democratic delegates: congressional district delegates, at-large delegates, and party leaders and elected officials (PLEOs). Congressional district delegates were allocated proportionally based on the primary or caucus results in a given district. At-large and PLEO delegates were allocated proportionally based on statewide caucus results.[1][12]
Five party leaders and elected officials served as unpledged delegates. These delegates were not required to adhere to the results of a state's primary or caucus.[1][13]
State profile
Demographic data for Nebraska | ||
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Nebraska | U.S. | |
Total population: | 1,893,765 | 316,515,021 |
Land area (sq mi): | 76,824 | 3,531,905 |
Race and ethnicity** | ||
White: | 88.1% | 73.6% |
Black/African American: | 4.7% | 12.6% |
Asian: | 2% | 5.1% |
Native American: | 0.9% | 0.8% |
Pacific Islander: | 0.1% | 0.2% |
Two or more: | 2.2% | 3% |
Hispanic/Latino: | 10% | 17.1% |
Education | ||
High school graduation rate: | 90.7% | 86.7% |
College graduation rate: | 29.3% | 29.8% |
Income | ||
Median household income: | $52,997 | $53,889 |
Persons below poverty level: | 14.6% | 11.3% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015) Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Nebraska. **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. |
Presidential voting pattern
- See also: Presidential voting trends in Nebraska
Nebraska voted Republican in all seven presidential elections between 2000 and 2024.
Pivot Counties (2016)
Ballotpedia identified 206 counties that voted for Donald Trump (R) in 2016 after voting for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012. Collectively, Trump won these Pivot Counties by more than 580,000 votes. Of these 206 counties, one is located in Nebraska, accounting for 0.5 percent of the total pivot counties.[14]
Pivot Counties (2020)
In 2020, Ballotpedia re-examined the 206 Pivot Counties to view their voting patterns following that year's presidential election. Ballotpedia defined those won by Trump won as Retained Pivot Counties and those won by Joe Biden (D) as Boomerang Pivot Counties. Nationwide, there were 181 Retained Pivot Counties and 25 Boomerang Pivot Counties. Nebraska had one Retained Pivot County, 0.55 percent of all Retained Pivot Counties.
More Nebraska coverage on Ballotpedia
- Elections in Nebraska
- United States congressional delegations from Nebraska
- Public policy in Nebraska
- Endorsers in Nebraska
- Nebraska fact checks
- More...
Primary election delegate counts
The delegate counts below are totals for the Democratic and Republican nomination races.
Democratic nomination
Republican nomination
See also
- Super Tuesday presidential primaries, 2016
- Presidential candidates, 2016
- Early presidential polling, 2016
- Presidential straw polls, 2016
- Presidential election, 2016
- Important dates in the 2016 presidential race
- 2016 presidential nominations: calendar and delegate rules
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Democratic National Committee, "2016 Democratic National Convention Delegate/Alternate Allocation," updated February 19, 2016
- ↑ The Green Papers, "2016 Democratic Convention," accessed May 7, 2021
- ↑ Democratic National Committee's Office of Party Affairs and Delegate Selection, "Unpledged Delegates -- By State," May 27, 2016
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Republican National Committee, "2016 Presidential Nominating Process," accessed October 6, 2015
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 CNN.com, "Republican National Convention roll call vote," accessed July 20, 2016
- ↑ Republican National Committee, "Memorandum on Binding of RNC Members," January 29, 2016
- ↑ The raw data for this study was provided by Dave Leip of Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
- ↑ The Green Papers, "2016 Democratic Convention," accessed May 7, 2021
- ↑ Democratic National Committee's Office of Party Affairs and Delegate Selection, "Unpledged Delegates -- By State," May 27, 2016
- ↑ Louisiana GOP, "Rules for convening of the state convention to elect delegates to the 2016 Republican National Convention," accessed April 26, 2016
- ↑ The raw data for this study was provided by Dave Leip of Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
- ↑ The Green Papers, "2016 Democratic Convention," accessed May 7, 2021
- ↑ Democratic National Committee's Office of Party Affairs and Delegate Selection, "Unpledged Delegates -- By State," May 27, 2016
- ↑ The raw data for this study was provided by Dave Leip of Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.