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New York State Assembly

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New York State Assembly
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General Information
Party control:  Democrat
Session start:  January 8, 2025
Session end:  June 17, 2025
Term length:  2 years
Term limits:  None
Redistricting:  Legislative control
Salary:  $142,000/year + per diem
Members
Total:  150
Democrats:  103
Republicans:  49
Other:  49 (Independence)
Vacancies:  0
Leadership
Speaker:  Carl Heastie (D)
Maj. Leader:  Crystal Peoples-Stokes (D)
Min. Leader:  William Barclay (R)
Elections
Last election:  November 5, 2024
Next election:  November 3, 2026


The New York State Assembly is the lower chamber of the New York State Legislature. Alongside the New York State Senate, it forms the legislative branch of the New York state government and works alongside the governor of New York to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the New York State Assembly include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.

The New York State Assembly meets in the state capitol building in Albany, New York.

  • All 150 seats in the New York State Assembly were up for election in 2020. Click to read more »
  • In 2018, Democrats increased their supermajority from 104-41 (with one independent and four vacancies) to 106-43 with one independent.
  • New York has a Democratic state government trifecta. A trifecta exists when one political party simultaneously holds the governor’s office and majorities in both state legislative chambers. As of November 4, 2025, there are 23 Republican trifectas, 14 Democratic trifectas, and 13 divided governments where neither party holds trifecta control. In the 2020 election, Republicans had a net gain of two trifectas and two states under divided government became trifectas. Prior to that election, New York had a Democratic trifecta. There were 21 Republican trifectas, 15 Democratic trifectas, and 14 divided governments.

    • This page contains the following information on the New York State Assembly.

    Party control

    Current partisan control

    The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the New York State Assembly as of November 2025:

    Party As of November 2025
         Democratic Party 102
         Republican Party 47
         Independence 0
         Independent 0
         Vacancies 1
    Total 150

    Members

    Leadership

    The speaker of the Assembly is the presiding officer of the body. Duties of the speaker include preserving order and decorum, deciding all questions of order, and appointing all committee and subcommittee members.[1][2]

    Current leadership and members

    Salaries

    See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
    State legislative salaries, 2024[3]
    SalaryPer diem
    $142,000/yearThe exact amount members receive for per diem is unknown.

    Swearing in dates

    See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

    New York legislators assume office the first Wednesday after the first Monday in January.[4]

    Membership qualifications

    See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

    Article 3, Section 7 of the New York Constitution states: No person shall serve as a member of the legislature unless he or she is a citizen of the United States and has been a resident of the state of New York for five years, and, except as hereinafter otherwise prescribed, of the assembly or senate district for the twelve months immediately preceding his or her election; if elected a senator or member of assembly at the first election next ensuing after a readjustment or alteration of the senate or assembly districts becomes effective, a person, to be eligible to serve as such, must have been a resident of the county in which the senate or assembly district is contained for the twelve months immediately preceding his or her election. No member of the legislature shall, during the time for which he or she was elected, receive any civil appointment from the governor, the governor and the senate, the legislature or from any city government, to an office which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time.

    Historical party control

    Democrats won control of the New York State Assembly in 1974. In 2024, they won a 103-47 majority.

    The table below shows the partisan history of the New York State Assembly following every general election from 1992 to 2024. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    New York State Assembly election results: 1992-2024

    Year '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20 '22 '24
    Democrats 101 94 96 98 99 102 104 108 109 99 105 106 106 106 106 101 103
    Republicans 49 56 54 52 51 48 46 42 41 50 44 44 43 43 43 49 47
    Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0

    Trifecta history

    A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Democrats in New York held a state government trifecta for two years between 1992 and 2017. The table below shows state government trifectas in New York from 1992 to 2019.

    New York Party Control: 1992-2025
    Nine years of Democratic trifectas  •  No Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
    Governor D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
    Senate R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D D R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D
    Assembly D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

    Elections

    Elections by year

    New York state assembly members serve two-year terms, with all seats up for election every two years. New York holds elections for its legislature in even years.

    2026

    See also: New York State Assembly elections, 2026

    Elections for the New York State Assembly will take place in 2026. The general election is on November 3, 2026.

    2024

    See also: New York State Assembly elections, 2024

    Elections for the New York State Assembly took place in 2024. The general election was on November 5, 2024. The primary was June 25, 2024. Primaries with less than two filed candidates were canceled. The filing deadline was April 4, 2024.

    Heading into the 2024 elections, Democrats held a 100-48 majority with two vacancies. After the election, the Democratic majority was 103-47.

    New York State Assembly
    Party As of November 5, 2024 After November 6, 2024
         Democratic Party 100 103
         Republican Party 48 47
         Vacancy 2 0
    Total 150 150

    2022

    See also: New York State Assembly elections, 2022

    Elections for the New York State Assembly took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for June 28, 2022. The filing deadline was April 7, 2022.

    Heading into the 2022 elections, Democrats held a 106-42 majority with one vacancy and one seat held by a member of the Independence party. After the election, the Democratic majority was 102-48.

    New York State Assembly
    Party As of November 8, 2022 After November 9, 2022
         Democratic Party 106 102
         Republican Party 42 48
         Independence 1 0
         Vacancy 1 0
    Total 150 150

    2020

    See also: New York State Assembly elections, 2020

    Elections for the office of New York State Assembly took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for June 23, 2020. The filing deadline was April 2, 2020.

    In the 2020 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the New York State Assembly from 103-42 with one independent member and four vacancies to 106-43 with one independent.

    New York State Assembly
    Party As of November 3, 2020 After November 4, 2020
         Democratic Party 103 106
         Republican Party 42 43
         Independent 1 1
         Vacancy 4 0
    Total 150 150

    2018

    See also: New York State Assembly elections, 2018

    Elections for the New York State Assembly took place in 2018. The closed primary election took place on September 13, 2018, and the general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was July 12, 2018.[5]

    In the 2018 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the New York State Assembly from 104-41 to 106-43.

    New York State Assembly
    Party As of November 6, 2018 After November 7, 2018
         Democratic Party 104 106
         Republican Party 41 43
         Independent 1 1
         Vacancy 4 0
    Total 150 150

    2016

    See also: New York State Assembly elections, 2016

    Elections for the New York State Assembly took place in 2016. The primary election took place on September 13, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The filing deadline for major party candidates was July 14, 2016. The filing deadline for independent candidates was August 23, 2016. All 150 seats in the New York State Assembly were up for election in 2016.

    Heading into the election, Democrats held a 105-42 majority with three vacancies. Democrats gained two seats in the election, giving them a 107-43 majority.

    New York State Assembly
    Party As of November 7, 2016 After November 8, 2016
         Democratic Party 105[6] 107[7]
         Republican Party 42 43
         Vacancy 3 0
    Total 150 150

    Vacancies

    See also: How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

    If there is a vacancy in the New York Legislature, a special election must be held to fill the vacant seat. A special election can be held as long as the vacancy occurred before April 1 of the last year of the former officeholder's term. If a special session is called in the state legislature after this date, a special election may be called to fill the seat.[15] The person elected to fill the vacant seat serves for the remainder of the unexpired term.[16]

    DocumentIcon.jpg See sources: New York Public Officers Law § 42

    District map

    See also: New York state legislative districts

    The state of New York has 213 legislative districts. Each district elects one representative. The state Senate has 63 districts and the state House has 150 districts.

    Use the interactive map below to find your district.

    Redistricting

    See also: Redistricting in New York

    On March 14, 2012, the state legislature approved a constitutional amendment to establish new redistricting procedures beginning in 2020. The New York Constitution requires that two successive legislatures approve an amendment in order to qualify it for final approval by popular vote. The legislature approved the amendment a second time in 2013. On November 4, 2014, voters approved the amendment, the provisions of which were set to take effect during the 2020 redistricting cycle.[17]

    The 10-member commission comprises the following members:[17]

    1. Two members must be appointed by the temporary president of the New York State Senate.
    2. Two members must be appointed by the speaker of the New York State Assembly.
    3. Two members must be appointed by the minority leader of the New York State Senate.
    4. Two members must be appointed by the minority leader of the New York State Assembly.
    5. Two members must appointed by the aforementioned eight commissioners. These two appointees cannot have been enrolled in the top two major political parties in the state.

    The legislature must approve the commission's plans by a simple up/down vote. The legislature must reject two separate sets of redistricting plans before it will be able to amend the commission's proposals. All districts will be required "to preserve minority rights, be equally populated, and consist of compact and contiguous territory." Further, state law will require that districts "not be drawn to discourage competition or to favor/disfavor candidates or parties." In prior redistricting cycles, authority for both congressional and state legislative redistricting was vested with the state legislature. An advisory commission participated in the process.[17]

    State law requires that state legislative districts be contiguous and compact. State legislative districts must also take into account the "historic and traditional significance of counties."[17]

    2020

    See also: Redistricting in New York after the 2020 census

    Upon completion of the 2020 census, New York will draft and enact new district maps. The New York Independent Redistricting Commission released its first redistricting proposals to the public on September 15, 2021.[18] As of the 2020 redistricting cycle, state law provides a deadline of "on or before January 1, 2022, or as soon as practicable thereafter, but no later than January 15, 2022," for the first map submission. If the legislature is unable to approve the plan or the governor vetoes the plan, the commission has 15 days to submit a second plan for consideration. This second plan may be submitted no later than Feb. 28, 2022.[19]

    2010

    New York received its 2010 census data on March 23, 2011. The state's growth rate was at 2.19%, well below the national rate of 9.7%.[20] Redistricting became a major issue in the state prior to the November 2010 elections. Going into the elections, the organization NY Uprising asked all candidates to sign a pledge to support nonpartisan redistricting during the following legislative session. A majority of those who won in both chambers signed the pledge.[21] Additionally, Governor Andrew Cuomo consistently reiterated his pledge to veto any new maps that were not drawn through a nonpartisan process. Meanwhile, Republicans added more friction to the process in September 2011 when they were said to be considering adding a 63rd seat to the Senate. Democrats balked, saying it didn't make sense to add a seat in the chamber when slow population growth caused the state to lose seats in Congress.[22]

    The two sides battled over the issue of redistricting during the entire 2011 session. Following a number of delays, LATFOR released proposed Senate and Assembly maps on January 26, 2012. The Senate plan included the additional 63rd seat. Gov. Cuomo threatened to veto the maps, but toned down his rhetoric.[23] On March 11, LATFOR filed a bill of their final plans, which closely resembled the maps they released two months earlier. Along with this, leaders offered a constitutional amendment that would set up a new bipartisan commission on redistricting following the next census in 2020.[24] Following a walkout of Senate Democrats, the bill passed. Later that week the constitutional amendment passed. However, in order to become law, it had to be passed by the next separately elected legislature and also approved by voters in a referendum.[25] With that approved, Cuomo stated, "It’s over once and for all"[26] and signed the maps into law.[27]

    Sessions

    Legislation

    The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the New York State Assembly has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by the House and signed by the governor after its passage in the Senate. Information on legislation provided below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. The tracker is fully interactive. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read its text in full and see its voting history. You can click the headings to sort the content in the column. You can also rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Finally, in the bottom-left corner of the tracker is a magnifying glass, which, when clicked, will allow you to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50. <html><iframe src="https://www.billtrack50.com/Public/Stakeholder/_WnK-pyQK0ObaaoY0ggZow/Embedded" width="100%" height ="600px" ></iframe>

    Dates of legislative sessions in New York by year

    2025

    See also: 2025 New York legislative session and Dates of 2025 state legislative sessions

    In 2025, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 8, 2025, and adjourn on June 17, 2025.



    About legislative sessions in New York

    The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[39] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.

    Article III of the New York Constitution outlines the legislative power for New York's government. Article III does not limit when the New York State Legislature, which the Assembly is a part of, can convene in regular session. However, Section 18 of Article III does contain provisions related to special sessions of the Legislature. Section 18 states that a special session can be called by a petition of request from two-thirds of both legislative houses. Since the Legislature is in session all year, a member must gavel in a session every three days. If a member does not gavel in a session, then only the governor can call the Legislature back into session.[40]

    Legislative roles and procedures

    Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, procedures for filling membership vacancies, and redistricting.

    Veto overrides

    Veto Override Graphic-No party.png

    See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures

    State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in New York are listed below.

    How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members in both chambers.

    Two-thirds of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 100 of the 150 members in the New York State Assembly and 42 of the 63 members in the New York State Senate. New York is one of 36 states that requires a two-thirds vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

    Authority: Article IV, Section 7 of the New York Constitution.

    "Every bill which shall have passed the senate and assembly shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the governor; if the governor approve, he or she shall sign it; but if not, he or she shall return it with his or her objections to the house in which it shall have originated, which shall enter the objections at large on the journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration, two-thirds of the members elected to that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered; and if approved by two-thirds of the members elected to that house, it shall become a law notwithstanding the objections of the governor."

    Role in state budget

    See also: New York state budget and finances
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    New York operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[41]

    1. Budget instructions are sent to state agencies between August and September.
    2. State agencies submit budget requests in October and November.
    3. Agency hearings are held between October and November.
    4. The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the New York State Legislature in mid-January. The deadline is February 1 in years following a gubernatorial election.
    5. The legislature adopts a budget in March. A simple majority is needed to pass a budget.
    6. The fiscal year begins in April.

    New York is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[41][42]

    The governor is constitutionally required to submit a balanced budget. In turn, the legislature is required by statute to pass a balanced budget.[41]

    Committees

    See also: List of committees in New York state government

    Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.

    • Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
    • Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
    • Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.

    Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The New York State Assembly has 37 standing committees:

    See also

    Elections New York State Government State Legislatures State Politics
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    New York State Flag-Close Up.jpg
    State Houses-Tile image.png
    State Courts-Tile image.png

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ New York State Assembly Rules, "Rule 1: Speaker," accessed February 11, 2014
    2. ↑ New York Assembly, "Leadership," accessed February 11, 2014
    3. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
    4. ↑ New York Department of State, "New York Constitution," accessed November 22, 2016
    5. ↑ New York Board of Elections, "2018 Political Calendar," accessed December 22, 2017
    6. ↑ Independence member caucuses with Democrats and was included in the count.
    7. ↑ Independence member caucuses with Democrats and was included in the count.
    8. ↑ Follow the Money, "New York State Assembly 2012 Campaign Contributions," accessed December 17, 2013
    9. ↑ Follow the Money, "New York State Assembly 2010 Campaign Contributions," accessed December 17, 2013
    10. ↑ Follow the Money, "New York State Assembly 2008 Campaign Contributions"
    11. ↑ Follow the Money, "New York State Assembly 2006 Campaign Contributions," accessed December 17, 2013
    12. ↑ Follow the Money, "New York State Assembly 2004 Campaign Contributions," accessed December 17, 2013
    13. ↑ Follow the Money, "New York State Assembly 2002 Campaign Contributions," accessed December 17, 2013
    14. ↑ Follow the Money, "New York State Assembly 2000 Campaign Contributions," accessed December 17, 2013
    15. ↑ FindLaw, "New York Consolidated Laws, Public Officers Law - PBO § 42. Filling vacancies in elective offices," accessed February 11, 2021 (Statute § 42 (4))
    16. ↑ FindLaw, "New York Consolidated Laws, Public Officers Law - PBO § 38. Terms of officers chosen to fill vacancies," accessed February 11, 2021 (Statute § 38)
    17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 All About Redistricting, "New York," accessed May 8, 2015
    18. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named nyirc
    19. ↑ New York Independent Redistricting Commission, "Laws & Regulations," accessed December 31, 2021
    20. ↑ Wall Street Journal, "New York State Loses 2 Seats in House," accessed December 22, 2010
    21. ↑ Auburn Pub, "Koch expects legislators to deliver on pledge," January 2, 2011
    22. ↑ New York Daily News, "State Senate Republicans mull adding extra seat to 62-member body," September 19, 2011
    23. ↑ New York Daily News, "Gov. Andrew Cuomo vows to veto Republicans' redistricting plan," January 26, 2012
    24. ↑ Syracuse.com, "New York releases its final redistricting maps for state Senate and Assembly districts," March 12, 2012
    25. ↑ Reuters, "New York lawmakers approve redistricting amendment," March 15, 2012
    26. ↑ Capital New York, "Cuomo says redistricting is fixed, and on transparency: 'You can't live your life in a goldfish bowl'," March 15, 2012
    27. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cong approved
    28. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, "Wages, ethics, schools top issues facing NY lawmakers in '16," accessed January 6, 2016
    29. ↑ wamc.org, "Another NYS Legislative Session Underway... Lawmakers Ready To Tackle Issues," accessed January 21, 2014
    30. ↑ Vermont Public Radio, "New York Lawmakers Face Major Issues In 2015," accessed January 21, 2014
    31. ↑ Epoch Times, "After speech, Cuomo looks to get agenda approved," January 9, 2014
    32. ↑ Spokesman Review, "NY legislative leaders buckle down on gun controls," January 9, 2013
    33. ↑ Yahoo News, "NY seals 1st state gun laws since Newtown massacre," January 15, 2013
    34. ↑ uticaod.com, "Cuomo creates panel to investigate Legislature," July 2, 2013
    35. ↑ Moreland Commission, "Moreland Commission to Investigate Public Corruption Releases Report," December 2, 2013
    36. ↑ Poughkeepsie Journal, "Divisive issues to test Cuomo's popularity in 2nd year," January 9, 2012
    37. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2011 Legislative Sessions Calendar," accessed June 6, 2014(Archived)
    38. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2010 Legislative Sessions Calendar," accessed June 19, 2014(Archived)
    39. ↑ Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed May 20, 2017
    40. ↑ WXXI, "State Assembly is always in session," August 10, 2017
    41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
    42. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
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