All U.S. House districts, including the 2nd Congressional District of Hawaii, held elections in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. The primary was scheduled for August 13, 2022. The filing deadline was June 7, 2022.

For more information about the primaries in this election, click on the links below:

Hawaii's 2nd Congressional District election, 2022 (August 13 Democratic primary)
Hawaii's 2nd Congressional District election, 2022 (August 13 Republican primary)

Candidates and election results

General election

General election for U.S. House Hawaii District 2

Jill Tokuda defeated Joseph Akana and Michelle Rose Tippens in the general election for U.S. House Hawaii District 2 on November 8, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Jill Tokuda (D)	62.2	128,407
	Joseph Akana (R)	35.3	72,874
	Michelle Rose Tippens (L)	2.5	5,130

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 206,411
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2

The following candidates ran in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2 on August 13, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Jill Tokuda	57.6	62,275
		Patrick Branco	25.0	27,057
	Submit photo	Kyle Yoshida	6.1	6,624
		Brendan Schultz	5.7	6,115
		Nicole Gi	3.6	3,937
	Submit photo	Steven Sparks	2.0	2,137

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 108,145
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Tommy Waters (D)

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2

Joseph Akana defeated Joe Webster in the Republican primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2 on August 13, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Joseph Akana	83.9	28,200
	Joe Webster	16.1	5,403

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 33,603
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Libertarian primary election

Libertarian primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2

Michelle Rose Tippens advanced from the Libertarian primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2 on August 13, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Michelle Rose Tippens	100.0	343

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 343
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Voting information

See also: Voting in Hawaii

Election information in Hawaii: Nov. 8, 2022, election.

What was the voter registration deadline?

In-person: Nov. 8, 2022
By mail: Postmarked by Oct. 31, 2022
Online: Nov. 8, 2022

Was absentee/mail-in voting available to all voters?

N/A

What was the absentee/mail-in ballot request deadline?

In-person: Nov. 1, 2022
By mail: Received by Nov. 1, 2022
Online: N/A

What was the absentee/mail-in ballot return deadline?

In-person: Nov. 8, 2022
By mail: Received by Nov. 8, 2022

Was early voting available to all voters?

Yes

What were the early voting start and end dates?

Oct. 25, 2022 to Nov. 7, 2022

Were all voters required to present ID at the polls? If so, was a photo or non-photo ID required?

N/A

When were polls open on Election Day?

N/A

Campaign finance

Name	Party	Receipts*	Disbursements**	Cash on hand	Date
Patrick Branco	Democratic Party	$185,979	$185,979	$0	As of September 30, 2022
Nicole Gi	Democratic Party	$12,325	$8,785	$3,540	As of September 30, 2022
Brendan Schultz	Democratic Party	$0	$0	$0	Data not available***
Steven Sparks	Democratic Party	$0	$0	$0	Data not available***
Jill Tokuda	Democratic Party	$1,042,387	$841,651	$200,736	As of December 31, 2022
Kyle Yoshida	Democratic Party	$0	$0	$0	Data not available***
Joseph Akana	Republican Party	$71,642	$70,545	$-1,052	As of December 31, 2022
Joe Webster	Republican Party	$62,473	$62,473	$0	As of September 30, 2022
Michelle Rose Tippens	Libertarian Party	$0	$0	$0	Data not available***
Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2022. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC). * According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." According to the FEC, a disbursement "is a purchase, payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit or gift of money or anything of value to influence a federal election," plus other kinds of payments not made to influence a federal election. * Candidate either did not report any receipts or disbursements to the FEC, or Ballotpedia did not find an FEC candidate ID.

General election race ratings

See also: Race rating definitions and methods

Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:

Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.^[1]
Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.

Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Race ratings: Hawaii's 2nd Congressional District election, 2022
Race tracker	Race ratings
	November 8, 2022	November 1, 2022	October 25, 2022	October 18, 2022
The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter	Solid Democratic	Solid Democratic	Solid Democratic	Solid Democratic
Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales	Solid Democratic	Solid Democratic	Solid Democratic	Solid Democratic
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball	Safe Democratic	Safe Democratic	Safe Democratic	Safe Democratic
Note: Ballotpedia reviews external race ratings every week throughout the election season and posts weekly updates even if the media outlets have not revised their ratings during that week.

Ballot access requirements

The table below details filing requirements for U.S. House candidates in Hawaii in the 2022 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Hawaii, click here.

Filing requirements for U.S. House candidates, 2022
State	Office	Party	Signatures required	Filing fee	Filing deadline	Source
Hawaii	U.S. House	All candidates	$25.00	$75.00	6/7/2022	Source

District analysis

Click the tabs below to view information about voter composition, past elections, and demographics in both the district and the state.

District map - A map of the district before and after redistricting.
Effect of redistricting - How districts in the state changed as a result of redistricting following the 2020 census.
Competitiveness - Information about the competitiveness of 2022 U.S. House elections in the state.
Presidential elections - Information about presidential elections in the district and the state.
Demographics - Information about the state's demographics and how they compare to the country as a whole.
State party control - The partisan makeup of the state's congressional delegation and state government.

District map

	2024 → ← 2020
Hawaii's 2nd Congressional District
	Democratic primary; Republican primary; General election
Election details
	Filing deadline: June 7, 2022
	Primary: August 13, 2022; General: November 8, 2022
How to vote
	Poll times: 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.; Voting in Hawaii
Race ratings
	Cook Political Report: Solid Democratic; Inside Elections: Solid Democratic; Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Democratic
Ballotpedia analysis
	U.S. Senate battlegrounds; U.S. House battlegrounds; Federal and state primary competitiveness; Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2022
See also
	Hawaii's 2nd Congressional District; U.S. Senate • 1st • 2nd; Hawaii elections, 2022; U.S. Congress elections, 2022; U.S. Senate elections, 2022; U.S. House elections, 2022; Alabama U.S. House racesAlaska U.S. House racesArizona U.S. House racesArkansas U.S. House racesCalifornia U.S. House racesColorado U.S. House racesConnecticut U.S. House racesDelaware U.S. House racesFlorida U.S. House racesGeorgia U.S. House racesHawaii U.S. House racesIdaho U.S. House racesIllinois U.S. House racesIndiana U.S. House racesIowa U.S. House racesKansas U.S. House racesKentucky U.S. House racesLouisiana U.S. House racesMaine U.S. House racesMaryland U.S. House racesMassachusetts U.S. House racesMichigan U.S. House racesMinnesota U.S. House racesMississippi U.S. House racesMissouri U.S. House racesMontana U.S. House racesNebraska U.S. House racesNevada U.S. House racesNew Hampshire U.S. House racesNew Jersey U.S. House racesNew Mexico U.S. House racesNew York U.S. House racesNorth Carolina U.S. House racesNorth Dakota U.S. House racesOhio U.S. House racesOklahoma U.S. House racesOregon U.S. House racesPennsylvania U.S. House racesRhode Island U.S. House racesSouth Carolina U.S. House racesSouth Dakota U.S. House racesTennessee U.S. House racesTexas U.S. House racesUtah U.S. House racesVermont U.S. House racesVirginia U.S. House racesWashington U.S. House racesWest Virginia U.S. House racesWisconsin U.S. House racesWyoming U.S. House racesSubmit

Below was the map in use at the time of the election, enacted as part of the 2020 redistricting cycle, compared to the map in place before the election.

Hawaii District 2
until January 2, 2023

Click a district to compare boundaries.

Hawaii District 2
starting January 3, 2023

Click a district to compare boundaries.

Effect of redistricting

See also: Redistricting in Hawaii after the 2020 census

The table below details the results of the 2020 presidential election in each district at the time of the 2022 election and its political predecessor district.^[5] This data was compiled by Daily Kos Elections.^[6]

2020 presidential results by Congressional district, Hawaii
District	2022 district		Political predecessor district
District	Joe Biden	Donald Trump	Joe Biden	Donald Trump
Hawaii's 1st	63.9%	34.5%	63.8%	34.5%
Hawaii's 2nd	63.6%	34.1%	63.6%	34.0%

Competitiveness

See also: Primary election competitiveness in state and federal government, 2022

This section contains data on U.S. House primary election competitiveness in Hawaii.

Post-filing deadline analysis

The following analysis covers all U.S. House districts up for election in Hawaii in 2022. Information below was calculated on August 9, 2022, and may differ from information shown in the table above due to candidate replacements and withdrawals after that time.

Thirteen candidates filed to run for Hawaii's two U.S. House districts, including eight Democrats and five Republicans. That's 6.5 candidates per district, less than the 9.5 candidates per district in 2020 and the same number as in 2018.

This was the first election to take place under new district lines following the 2020 census. Hawaii was apportioned two districts, the same number it was apportioned after the 2010 census. The 13 candidates running this year were six fewer than the 19 candidates who ran in 2020 and the same number as in 2018. Twelve candidates ran in 2016 and 2014, and 13 ran in 2012.

Rep. Kaiali'i Kahele (D) did not run for re-election in order to run for governor of Hawaii, making the 2nd district an open seat this year. This was the sixth consecutive election cycle where one of Hawaii’s two U.S. House seats was open. Eight candidates — two Republicans and six Democrats — ran to replace Kahele, the most candidates who ran for a seat this year.

There were four contested primaries this year, the most since 2012. There were three contested primaries in every election cycle between 2014 and 2020. Democratic and Republican candidates filed to run in both districts, so no seats were guaranteed to either party this year.

Presidential elections

Partisan Voter Index

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index

Heading into the 2022 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was D+14. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 14 percentage points more Democratic than the national average. This made Hawaii's 2nd the 103rd most Democratic district nationally.^[7]

2020 presidential election results

The table below shows what the vote in the 2020 presidential election would have been in this district. The presidential election data was compiled by Daily Kos.

2020 presidential results in Hawaii's 2nd based on 2022 district lines
Joe Biden	Donald Trump
63.6%	34.1%

Presidential voting history

See also: Presidential election in Hawaii, 2020

Hawaii presidential election results (1900-2020)

14 Democratic wins
2 Republican wins

Year	1900	1904	1908	1912	1916	1920	1924	1928	1932	1936	1940	1944	1948	1952	1956	1960	1964	1968	1972	1976	1980	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020
Winning Party	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	D	D	D	R	D	D	R	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D

Demographics

The table below details demographic data in Hawaii and compares it to the broader United States as of 2019.

Demographic Data for Hawaii
	Hawaii	United States
Population	1,360,301	308,745,538
Land area (sq mi)	6,422	3,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White	25%	72.5%
Black/African American	1.8%	12.7%
Asian	37.8%	5.5%
Native American	0.3%	0.8%
Pacific Islander	10.1%	0.2%
Other (single race)	1.2%	4.9%
Multiple	23.9%	3.3%
Hispanic/Latino	10.5%	18%
Education
High school graduation rate	92%	88%
College graduation rate	33%	32.1%
Income
Median household income	$81,275	$62,843
Persons below poverty level	9.4%	13.4%
Source: population provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "Decennial Census" (2010). Other figures provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2014-2019).
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.

State party control

Congressional delegation

The table below displays the partisan composition of Hawaii's congressional delegation as of November 2022.

Congressional Partisan Breakdown from Hawaii, November 2022
Party	U.S. Senate	U.S. House	Total
Democratic	2	2	4
Republican	0	0	0
Independent	0	0	0
Vacancies	0	0	0
Total	2	2	4

State executive

The table below displays the officeholders in Hawaii's top three state executive offices as of November 2022.

State executive officials in Hawaii, November 2022
Office	Officeholder
Governor	David Ige
Lieutenant Governor	Joshua Green
Attorney General	Holly Shikada

State legislature

The tables below highlight the partisan composition of the Hawaii State Legislature as of November 2022.

Hawaii State Senate

Party		As of November 2022
	Democratic Party	23
	Republican Party	2
	Vacancies	0
Total		25

Hawaii House of Representatives

Party		As of November 2022
	Democratic Party	45
	Republican Party	6
	Vacancies	0
Total		51

Trifecta control

As of November 2022, Hawaii was a Democratic trifecta, with majorities in both chambers of the state legislature and control of the governorship. The table below displays the historical trifecta status of the state.

Hawaii Party Control: 1992-2022
Twenty-three years of Democratic trifectas • No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year	92	93	94	95	96	97	98	99	00	01	02	03	04	05	06	07	08	09	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22
Governor	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D
Senate	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D
House	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D

District history

2020

Hawaii's 2nd Congressional District election, 2020 (August 8 Republican primary)

Hawaii's 2nd Congressional District election, 2020 (August 8 Democratic primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House Hawaii District 2

The following candidates ran in the general election for U.S. House Hawaii District 2 on November 3, 2020.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Kaiali'i Kahele (D)	63.0	171,517
	Joseph Akana (R)	30.9	84,027
	Michelle Rose Tippens (L)	2.5	6,785
	Jonathan Hoomanawanui (Aloha Aina Party)	2.4	6,453
	Ron Burrus (Nonpartisan)	1.0	2,659
	John Giuffre (American Shopping Party)	0.2	661

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 272,102
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Watch the Candidate Conversation for this race!

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2

Kaiali'i Kahele defeated Brian Evans, Brenda Lee, and Noelle Famera in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2 on August 8, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Kaiali'i Kahele	76.5	100,841
		Brian Evans	9.4	12,337
	Submit photo	Brenda Lee	8.1	10,694
		Noelle Famera	6.1	7,992

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 131,864
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

David Cornejo (D)
Ryan Meza (D)

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2

The following candidates ran in the Republican primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2 on August 8, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Joseph Akana	44.1	15,107
		Elise Hatsuko Kaneshiro	15.4	5,294
	Submit photo	David Hamman	10.0	3,430
	Submit photo	Robert Nagamine	8.4	2,887
	Submit photo	Nicholas Love	7.6	2,616
		Steven Bond	6.5	2,218
	Submit photo	Felipe San Nicolas	4.3	1,465
		Karla Gottschalk	2.8	953
	Submit photo	Raymond Quel	0.9	305

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 34,275
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Nonpartisan primary election

Nonpartisan primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2

Ron Burrus defeated Byron McCorriston in the primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2 on August 8, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Ron Burrus	59.2	1,308
	Submit photo	Byron McCorriston	40.8	901

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 2,209
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Aloha Aina Party primary election

Aloha Aina Party primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2

Jonathan Hoomanawanui advanced from the Aloha Aina Party primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2 on August 8, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Jonathan Hoomanawanui	100.0	3,423

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 3,423
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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American Shopping Party primary election

American Shopping Party primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2

John Giuffre advanced from the American Shopping Party primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2 on August 8, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		John Giuffre	100.0	134

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 134
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Libertarian primary election

Libertarian primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2

Michelle Rose Tippens advanced from the Libertarian primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2 on August 8, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Michelle Rose Tippens	100.0	1,014

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 1,014
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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2018

See also: Hawaii's 2nd Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House Hawaii District 2

Incumbent Tulsi Gabbard defeated Brian Evans in the general election for U.S. House Hawaii District 2 on November 6, 2018.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Tulsi Gabbard (D)	77.4	153,271
	Brian Evans (R)	22.6	44,850

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 198,121 (100.00% precincts reporting)
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2

Incumbent Tulsi Gabbard defeated Sherry Alu Campagna and Anthony Tony Austin in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2 on August 11, 2018.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Tulsi Gabbard	83.5	94,629
	Sherry Alu Campagna	12.3	13,947
	Anthony Tony Austin	4.1	4,688

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 113,264
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

John Reiss (D)

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2

Brian Evans advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Hawaii District 2 on August 11, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Brian Evans	100.0	12,331

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 12,331
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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2016

See also: Hawaii's 2nd Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Democratic. Incumbent Tulsi Gabbard (D) defeated Angela Aulani Kaaihue (R) and Richard Turner (independent) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Gabbard defeated Shay Chan Hodges in the Democratic primary, while Kaaihue defeated Eric Hafner to win the Republican nomination. The primary elections took place on August 13, 2016.^[8]^[9]

**U.S. House, Hawaii District 2 General Election, 2016**
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Tulsi Gabbard Incumbent	81.2%	170,848
	Republican	Angela Aulani Kaaihue	18.8%	39,668
Total Votes				210,516
Source: Hawaii Secretary of State

**U.S. House, Hawaii District 2 Democratic Primary, 2016**
Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Tulsi Gabbard Incumbent	84.5%	80,026
Shay Chan Hodges	15.5%	14,643
Total Votes		94,669
Source: Hawaii Secretary of State

**U.S. House, Hawaii District 2 Republican Primary, 2016**
Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Angela Aulani Kaaihue	55.9%	7,449
Eric Hafner	44.1%	5,876
Total Votes		13,325
Source: Hawaii Secretary of State

2014

See also: Hawaii's 2nd Congressional District elections, 2014

The 2nd Congressional District of Hawaii held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Tulsi Gabbard (D) defeated Kawika Crowley (R) and Joe Kent (L) in the general election.

**U.S. House, Hawaii District 2 General Election, 2014**
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Tulsi Gabbard Incumbent	75.8%	141,996
	Republican	Kawika Crowley	17.9%	33,624
	Libertarian	Joe Kent	2.5%	4,692
Total Votes				180,312
Source: Hawaii Office of Elections

**U.S. House, Hawaii District 2 Republican Primary, 2014**
Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Kawika Crowley	56.8%	9,094
Marissa Capelouto	43.2%	6,926
Total Votes		16,020
Source: Hawaii Office of Elections

External links

Search Google News for this topic

Footnotes

↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
↑ Political predecessor districts are determined primarily based on incumbents and where each chose to seek re-election.
↑ Daily Kos Elections, "Daily Kos Elections 2020 presidential results by congressional district (old CDs vs. new CDs)," accessed May 12, 2022
↑ Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed February 6, 2023
↑ Hawaii Secretary of State, "2016 Candidates," accessed June 8, 2016
↑ Politico, "Hawaii House Races Results," August 13, 2016

[show]

Hawaii's current delegation to the United States Congress

Senators

Mazie Hirono (D)

Brian Schatz (D)

Representatives

District 1

Ed Case (D)

District 2

Jill Tokuda (D)

Democratic Party (4)

[1] Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.

[2] Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018

[3] Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018

[4] Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018

[5] Political predecessor districts are determined primarily based on incumbents and where each chose to seek re-election.

[6] Daily Kos Elections, "Daily Kos Elections 2020 presidential results by congressional district (old CDs vs. new CDs)," accessed May 12, 2022

[7] Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed February 6, 2023

[list16-8] Hawaii Secretary of State, "2016 Candidates," accessed June 8, 2016

[primaryresults16-9] Politico, "Hawaii House Races Results," August 13, 2016

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Hawaii	2022 primaries	2022 U.S. Congress elections

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Hawaii's 2nd Congressional District election, 2022

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Hawaii District 2
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