Ohio's 1st Congressional District election, 2018
- General election: Nov. 6
- Voter registration deadline: Oct. 9
- Early voting: Oct. 10 - Nov. 5
- Absentee voting deadline: Nov. 6
- Online registration: Yes
- Same-day registration: No
- Voter ID: Non-photo ID required
- Poll times: 6:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m.
2020 →
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| Ohio's 1st Congressional District |
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 |
| Democratic primary Republican primary General election |
| Election details |
| Filing deadline: February 7, 2018 |
| Primary: May 8, 2018 General: November 6, 2018 Pre-election incumbent: Steve Chabot (Republican) |
| How to vote |
| Poll times: 6:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Voting in Ohio |
| Race ratings |
Cook Political Report: Lean Republican Inside Elections: Tilt Republican Sabato's Crystal Ball: Lean Republican |
| Ballotpedia analysis |
| U.S. Senate battlegrounds U.S. House battlegrounds Federal and state primary competitiveness Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2018 |
| See also |
U.S. Senate • 1st • 2nd • 3rd • 4th • 5th • 6th • 7th • 8th • 9th • 10th • 11th • 12th • 13th • 14th • 15th • 16th • 12th (special) Ohio elections, 2018 U.S. Congress elections, 2018 U.S. Senate elections, 2018 U.S. House elections, 2018 |
Incumbent Rep. Steve Chabot (R) defeated Aftab Pureval (D) and Dirk Kubala (L) in the November 6, 2018, general election to represent Ohio's 1st Congressional District.
All 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. The Democratic Party gained a net total of 40 seats, winning control of the chamber. This race was identified as a 2018 battleground that might have affected partisan control of the U.S. House in the 116th Congress. Heading into the election, the Republican Party was in the majority holding 235 seats to Democrats' 193 seats, with seven vacant seats. Democrats needed to win 23 GOP-held seats in 2018 to win control of the House. From 1918 to 2016, the president’s party lost an average of 29 seats in midterm elections.
The 1st District seat was placed on the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee's (DCCC) list of 2018 targets.[1] Chabot represented the district from 1995 until 2009; he lost his 2008 re-election bid to Democrat Steve Driehaus by 5 percentage points. Chabot then beat Driehaus in 2010 by 5.5 points and won re-election by at least 18 points in 2012, 2014, and 2016.
President Donald Trump (R) won the 1st District by a 6.6-point margin over Hillary Clinton (D) in 2016; this was Trump's narrowest margin of victory in Ohio's congressional districts.[2]
For more information about the Democratic primary, click here.
For more information about the Republican primary, click here.
Candidates and election results
General election
General election for U.S. House Ohio District 1
Incumbent Steve Chabot defeated Aftab Pureval and Dirk Kubala in the general election for U.S. House Ohio District 1 on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Steve Chabot (R) | 51.3 | 154,409 |
 | Aftab Pureval (D) | 46.9 | 141,118 | |
 | Dirk Kubala (L) | 1.8 | 5,339 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.0 | 5 | ||
| Total votes: 300,871 (100.00% precincts reporting) | |||
 = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Mike Goldschmidt (Independent)
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 1
Aftab Pureval advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 1 on May 8, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Aftab Pureval | 100.0 | 28,068 |
| Total votes: 28,068 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Robert Barr (D)
- Laura Ann Weaver (D)
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 1
Incumbent Steve Chabot defeated Samuel Ronan in the Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 1 on May 8, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Steve Chabot | 83.2 | 41,298 |
 | Samuel Ronan | 16.8 | 8,324 | |
| Total votes: 49,622 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Candidate profiles
Party: Republican
Incumbent: Yes
Political office: U.S. representative from Ohio (1995-2009; assumed office again 2011); Hamilton County commissioner (1990-1994); Cincinnati City Council (1985-1990)
Biography: Chabot graduated from the College of William and Mary and received a J.D. from Salmon P. Chase College of Law. He was appointed by the U.S. House as one of the managers to conduct impeachment proceedings against President Bill Clinton in 1998. In the 115th Congress, he served on the Judiciary, Small Business, and Foreign Affairs committees in the House.
- Chabot referred to recognition he received from various groups including Citizens Against Government Waste for his voting record on what the groups considered to be pro-taxpayer policies.[3][4]
- Chabot said he had worked to reduce healthcare premiums and guarantee access to care for people with pre-existing conditions. He contrasted his plan with Pureval's, which he described as doubling income taxes and taking many people off their current plans.[4]
- Chabot questioned Pureval's record. Chabot said that Pureval fired employees at the Hamilton County Clerk of Court's office and replaced them with friends and that the office had a $400,000 deficit.[4][5]
Party: Democratic
Incumbent: No
Political office: Hamilton County clerk of courts (Assumed office: 2017)
Biography: Pureval received a B.A. in political science from Ohio State University and a J.D. from the University of Cincinnati College of Law. His career experience includes working as a counseling attorney with Procter & Gamble and as an attorney with White & Case LLP.
- Pureval said that as Hamilton County clerk of courts, he cut waste, saving taxpayers $900,000, and ended nepotism in the office.[6][7]
- Pureval stressed his belief that Congress needed new leaders in order to eliminate special interest influence and work for policies that serve the middle class. He said such policies included protecting Social Security, lowering drug costs, and protecting coverage for those with pre-existing conditions.[7]
- Pureval said that Chabot voted to remove healthcare coverage protections for people with pre-existing conditions and to raise premiums for people over 50. He also said Chabot hadn't made himself accessible to people in the district by holding town halls.[7]
Party: Libertarian
Incumbent: No
Political office: None
Biography: Kubala received a bachelor's degree in political science and international affairs from the University of Cincinnati. As of the 2018 election, he worked as a realtor at Keller Williams Advisors Realty.[8]
- Kubala said that his candidacy gave voters an alternative to the Republican Party, which he said was becoming authoritarian, and the Democratic Party, which he said was becoming more and more socialist.[9][10]
- Kubala said he supported fiscal conservatism and social liberalism. His platform included replacing the income tax with taxes on items such as tobacco, alcohol, and fossil fuels; replacing the corporate tax with a tax on companies' carbon footprints; and reducing government spending.[10][9]
Polls
- See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls
| Ohio's 1st Congressional District, Chabot (R) v. Pureval (D) | |||||||||||||||||||
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| Poll | Steve Chabot (R) | Aftab Pureval (D) | Undecided | Margin of Error | Sample Size | ||||||||||||||
| NYT Upshot/Siena College October 20-24, 2018 | 50% | 41% | 9% | +/-4.5 | 492 | ||||||||||||||
| NYT Upshot/Siena College Sept. 27-Oct. 1, 2018 | 50% | 41% | 9% | +/-4.6 | 503 | ||||||||||||||
| Note: A "0%" finding means the question was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org | |||||||||||||||||||
Campaign finance
The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted to the Federal Election Commission.
| Name | Party | Receipts* | Disbursements** | Cash on hand | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steve Chabot | Republican Party | $1,949,962 | $3,026,092 | $23,418 | As of December 31, 2018 |
| Aftab Pureval | Democratic Party | $4,144,106 | $4,140,080 | $4,026 | As of December 31, 2018 |
| Dirk Kubala | Libertarian Party | $2,836 | $2,836 | $0 | As of December 31, 2018 |
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Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2018. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." |
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Satellite spending
Satellite spending, commonly referred to as outside spending, describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.[11][12][13]
This section lists satellite spending in this race reported by news outlets in alphabetical order. If you are aware of spending that should be included, please email us.
- Change Now, a Democratic super PAC, spent $467,000 on a TV ad opposing Chabot on September 10, 2018.
- The group spent an additional $169,000 on newspaper and radio ads and mail opposing Chabot between September 18 and October 31. It also spent $12,500 supporting Pureval during that time.[14]
- The Congressional Leadership Fund, a Republican super PAC, spent $3.6 million on media, doorhangers, and canvassing through October 26. Of that, $203,000 was spent in support of Chabot and the rest was spent in opposition to Pureval.[14]
- The group announced on September 18 that it would spend $3 million altogether on field staff for 15 Republican-held House districts, including Ohio's 1st.[15]
- Credit Union National Association's CULAC PAC: This group spent $200,000 on TV, digital, and radio advertising for distribution from October 4-16 in support of Steve Chabot.[16]
- The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee spent $608,072 on media opposing Chabot from September 25 through October 24.[14]
- The House Majority PAC, a Democratic super PAC, spent $705,000 on TV, radio, and digital ads against Chabot through October.[14]
- Ohioans for Economic Opportunity spent $500,000 on radio and TV ads through June opposing Chabot. Sixteen Thirty Fund is the group's fiscal sponsor.[17]
Race ratings
- See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:
- Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
- Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
- Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[18]
- Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.
Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[19][20][21]
| Race ratings: Ohio's 1st Congressional District election, 2018 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race tracker | Race ratings | ||||||||
| October 30, 2018 | October 23, 2018 | October 16, 2018 | October 9, 2018 | ||||||
| The Cook Political Report | Lean Republican | Toss-up | Toss-up | Toss-up | |||||
| Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales | Tilt Republican | Lean Republican | Lean Republican | Lean Republican | |||||
| Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball | Lean Republican | Lean Republican | Toss-up | Toss-up | |||||
| Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every two weeks throughout the election season. | |||||||||
District analysis
- See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
- See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores
The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+5, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were 5 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Ohio's 1st Congressional District the 196th most Republican nationally.[22]
FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 1.00. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.00 points toward that party.[23]
Timeline
- October 30, 2018: Pureval and Chabot participated in a final debate. See more below.
- October 26, 2018: The Congressional Leadership Fund super PAC had spent $3.6 million on media, doorhangers, and canvassing through this date.
- October 16-24, 2018: Pureval and Chabot met for two debates. See more below.
- October 12, 2018: Pres. Donald Trump attended a fundraiser for Chabot in Ohio.[24]
- October 1, 2018: Former Pres. Barack Obama (D) endorsed Pureval.[25]
- October 1, 2018: An NYT Upshot/Siena College poll showed Chabot leading Pureval 50 percent to 41 percent, with a +/-4.6 percentage point margin of error. Nine percent of respondents were undecided.
- August 28, 2018: The Cook Political Report changed its race rating from "Lean Republican" to "Toss-up," and Inside Elections changed its rating from "Likely Republican" to "Lean Republican."
Campaign advertisements
This section shows advertisements released in this race. Ads released by campaigns and, if applicable, satellite groups are embedded or linked below. If you are aware of advertisements that should be included, please email us.
Steve Chabot
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Aftab Pureval
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Debates and forums
- October 30, 2018: Pureval and Chabot participated in a final debate. Read coverage of the debate here.
- October 24, 2018: Chabot and Pureval met for a second debate in Cincinnati. View a video of the debate here.
- October 16, 2018: Chabot and Pureval met for a debate in Amberley Village.[26] Click here for footage of the debate.
Campaign themes
Steve Chabot
The following themes were found on Chabot's campaign website.
| “ |
Revitalizing the Economy While this is great news, there are still steps we can take to encourage more economic growth and expansion. Over the years, I’ve talked to small business owners and entrepreneurs all across the country and right here in the First District. And the thing I hear more than anything else is the difficulty they face when dealing with burdensome regulations. Small businesses don’t have the resources that large corporations have to hire the attorneys and accountants necessary to comply with the regulatory burden they face every day. That’s why I’ve championed legislation to make federal agencies look for alternatives that will ease the burden on small businesses, and let them get back to what they do best, growing their businesses and creating jobs. Health Care At the same time, we need to make sure that people with pre-existing conditions can get the health care they need. That’s why the legislation I supported to replace Obamacare guaranteed coverage for those with pre-existing conditions. Energy To help lower gas prices at the pump, I have introduced legislation to stop price-gouging and anti-competitive behavior by OPEC nations. When we first introduced this legislation more than a decade ago, gas prices were climbing toward $3 a gallon, and would eventually peak at over $4 a gallon in 2008. In recent years, we have done a good job reducing our dependence on foreign sources of oil, by increasing domestic production. Consequently, we have had much lower gas prices. However, we are still subject to fluctuations in the global market. The lower prices have angered oil cartels around the world, and now OPEC is ramping up its price-gouging efforts once again. My legislation would significantly help to fight price-gouging by subjecting OPEC nations to antitrust laws, and prohibiting them from unilaterally withholding supply with the intent of creating a shortage or raising prices. We managed to pass this important legislation in the House a few years back, but now we must finish the job and get this bipartisan legislation to President Trump’s desk for his signature. Government Spending Personally, I am committed to continue my fight against wasteful spending in Congress. And I am proud to have been rated time and again as one of the most taxpayer friendly and fiscally responsible members of Congress by non-partisan taxpayer advocacy groups like Citizens Against Government Waste and the National Taxpayers Union. Protecting Social Security That’s why I have been a longtime supporter of the Social Security Preservation Act, which says that the money paid into Social Security can only be used to pay for Social Security. It cannot be spent on other government programs. Simply put, Social Security provides critical benefits to more than 60 million Americans, and I firmly believe that these benefits must be protected. Veterans School Security I took Dan’s suggestions and went to work with my colleagues to produce legislation that gives schools and law enforcement the tools they need to make our schools safer and more secure. Our legislation, which was signed into law earlier this year by President Trump, reauthorizes the COPS Secure Our Schools grant program for ten years and more than doubles the funding available for important security measures, including metal detectors, improvements in identifying and treating mental health issues, the installation of improved communications systems that allow for better communication between law enforcement and schools and easier reporting of potential threats, and security training for school employees and students. The legislation we passed represents a huge step in the right direction, and it will go a long way to help prevent violence in our schools. Cybersecurity There are real concerns that Russia and other bad actors around the globe might try to interfere with this year’s elections, as they did in 2016. And so we need to be vigilant to make sure that any efforts to interfere with our elections at all are thwarted. Congress has provided states with $380 million dollars to take the necessary steps to ensure that the proper cybersecurity defenses are in place to prevent any efforts to hack state and local elections. That’s the most money provided to safeguard election equipment in 16 years, when we provided money to help upgrade and modernize voting systems in 2002. We have also appropriated another $300 million to the FBI to help combat Russian cyberattacks. At the same time, we also need to help private businesses and the American people fend off cyberattacks. On the House Small Business Committee, I have focused on steps small businesses can take to prevent and combat cyberattacks. We have held numerous hearings on cybersecurity, and Ranking Member Nydia Velasquez and I introduced bipartisan legislation (H.R. 4668, the Small Business Advanced Cybersecurity Enhancements Act) to help give small businesses the tools and resources they need to defend themselves against cyberattacks, both foreign and domestic.[27] |
” |
| —Steve Chabot's 2018 campaign website[28] | ||
Aftab Pureval
The following themes were found on Pureval's campaign website.
| “ |
Jobs and the Economy Taxes Congress passed a tax bill that gives 83 percent of the benefits to the top 1% when fully implemented. The tax bill blows a $1.5 trillion hole in the deficit. Paul Ryan has said he intends to pay for that hole by making cuts to Social Security and Medicare. Aftab opposes that tax bill. Instead, Aftab believes we need permanent middle-class tax relief that benefits working families. For too long, our leaders in Washington have rigged the American economy to benefit the rich and powerful at the expense of everyone else. In Congress, Aftab will oppose wasteful tax breaks, close the unfair loopholes in our tax code, and end incentives that encourage huge corporations to ship American jobs overseas. Aftab’s Plan:
Too often in this country people are paid different amounts for the same work because of who they are. This is wrong. In Congress, Aftab will stand up for equal pay for equal work just like he did as Clerk of Courts. Paid Family and Medical Leave Right now, a family illness can turn life into chaos. That’s why as Clerk of Courts, Aftab provided Paid Family Leave for all his employees. This included paternity leave, maternity leave, and comprehensive sick leave because no one should lose their job to take care of their family. In Congress, Aftab will fight to do the same thing for all families. Minimum Wage The minimum wage hasn’t been raised for more than a decade. In the richest country in the world, it is simply immoral for a person to work full time and live in poverty. That is why Aftab raised the minimum wage to $15 an hour for the employees at the Clerk of Courts office, and that’s why he supports raising the federal minimum wage. Unions The same leaders who rigged our tax system in favor of the wealthy have also tried to undermine America’s unions. Labor unions are the backbone of the middle class, and Aftab will always stand with working families. Aftab supports the right of workers to collectively bargain with their employers and opposes “right-to-work” laws that aim to create barriers to workers’ efforts to receive a fair wage. Trade During the debates about NAFTA, CAFTA, and trade with China, America was promised that these agreements would be win-win for Americans and for workers. But that hasn’t always been the case. Aftab won’t support trade agreements that fail to protect American workers, provide assistance to any worker displaced, and require strong labor and environmental protections. Sending Jobs Overseas Aftab will fight to eliminate the tax incentives that lead corporations to ship jobs overseas. Aftab also supports efforts to end tax breaks or trade agreements that encourage corporations to give up well-paying domestic jobs for offshore jobs. HEALTHCARE I believe healthcare is a right, not a luxury, and we need to protect access to it. Protecting Access Healthcare is a right of all people, regardless of income, and all Americans should have affordable access to quality care. Congress has repeatedly tried to take healthcare away from families in our district. Aftab will always fight to protect our healthcare. Instead of trying to score political points or furthering ideological ends we need to come together and finally work to fix healthcare so that it is affordable and accessible. Aftab’s Plan:
Protecting Medicare Medicare is a promise we’ve made to our seniors and one of the most important government programs ever created. In Congress, Aftab will protect Medicare from efforts to cut it or privatize it. We must also ensure that seniors can afford their medication and that out of pocket expenses are manageable. Aftab’s Plan
EDUCATION I’m a proud product of public schools and will work to make our schools the best in the country. K-12 Public Education Every child deserves a quality public education but instead of working to improve our schools too many instead want to simply rob our K-12 schools and give the money away to for-profit, private schools. Aftab opposes these efforts. K-12 schools are primarily funded and monitored by state and local governments, but the federal government has an important role to ensure that all children have access to quality care and students with special needs are protected. Aftab will work to ensure both of these goals are met in Washington. Education After High School College isn’t the only or best option for every student after high school, but developing skills is increasingly important for workers competing in a global economy. That’s why Aftab supports increasing student aid no matter what post-secondary choice a student makes, be it college, community college, or technical school. Student Debt Student debt has reached unsustainable levels and we must address this crisis. Aftab will advocate for loan forgiveness programs, lower interest rates for government loans, and increased funding for Pell Grants and other aid programs. Child Care Being pro-family means ensuring that families can afford childcare. That’s why Aftab supports efforts to invest in a high-quality child care system that works for everyone and supports tax credits and incentive programs that will ensure everyone can afford quality child care. ENVIRONMENT Public Health The Environmental Protection Agency must be properly funded so that it can regulate, monitor, and enforce standards to uphold the requirements of the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act and other similar regulations for Americans’ wellbeing and safety. Aftab is committed to protecting and strengthening current laws that protect communities from toxic chemicals and pollution. LGBTQ RIGHTS Aftab believes that all Ohioans should be given the same rights and treated the same way no matter who they are or whom they love. That’s why in Congress he will fight to enshrine these protections into law. Employment Members of the LGBTQ community shouldn’t be fired just because of who they are, but in many states today it is still legal to fire someone just for being gay. This is wrong. In Congress, Aftab will support the Employment Non-Discrimination Act to give full protections to LGBT workers. Marriage Aftab supports the right of two consenting adults to marry, regardless of their sexual orientation. Adoption Aftab supports making decisions on adoption based on the best interest of the child, without bans based on sexual orientation or gender identity of the adopter. Students Students have a right to feel safe in their school and that’s why Aftab supports the Student Non-Discrimination Act, which prohibits public schools from discriminating against students based on their identities. WOMEN’S RIGHTS Aftab believes we must fight to ensure that women and men have equal access to opportunity, that women’s healthcare is protected, and that women can make their own decisions about their reproductive rights. Equal Pay for Equal Work We must ensure equal pay for equal work, support pro-worker programs like paid family leave, and we must invest in small business loans for women-owned businesses. Access to Healthcare Aftab will fight cuts to healthcare and any attempts to strip coverage for pre-existing conditions like pregnancy or breast cancer. Aftab also believes that we must support a woman’s constitutional right to choose safe, legal abortions established in Roe v. Wade. No Tolerance for Sexual Harassment Aftab supports the strongest laws against discrimination and harassment, he will work to fully fund the Violence Against Women Act, and he will enact a strict sexual harassment policy in his Congressional office, just like he did as Clerk of Courts. [27] |
” |
| —Aftab Pureval's 2018 campaign website[29] | ||
Social media
Twitter accounts
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Facebook accounts
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Steve Chabot 
Aftab Pureval
Pivot Counties
- See also: Pivot Counties by state
Nine of 88 Ohio counties—10.2 percent—are Pivot Counties. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.
| Counties won by Trump in 2016 and Obama in 2012 and 2008 | |||||||
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| County | Trump margin of victory in 2016 | Obama margin of victory in 2012 | Obama margin of victory in 2008 | ||||
| Ashtabula County, Ohio | 18.80% | 12.78% | 13.54% | ||||
| Erie County, Ohio | 9.48% | 12.29% | 13.86% | ||||
| Montgomery County, Ohio | 0.73% | 4.62% | 6.22% | ||||
| Ottawa County, Ohio | 19.51% | 4.30% | 6.24% | ||||
| Portage County, Ohio | 9.87% | 5.52% | 8.99% | ||||
| Sandusky County, Ohio | 22.58% | 2.71% | 4.64% | ||||
| Stark County, Ohio | 17.17% | 0.47% | 5.46% | ||||
| Trumbull County, Ohio | 6.22% | 23.00% | 22.43% | ||||
| Wood County, Ohio | 7.99% | 4.84% | 7.13% | ||||
In the 2016 presidential election, Donald Trump (R) won Ohio with 51.7 percent of the vote. Hillary Clinton (D) received 43.6 percent. In presidential elections between 1900 and 2016, Ohio cast votes for the winning presidential candidate 93.3 percent of the time (28 out of 30 elections), more than any other state in the country. In that same time frame, Ohio supported Republican candidates for president more often than Democratic candidates, 60 to 40 percent. Between 2000 and 2016, Ohio voted for the winning presidential candidate in every election.
Presidential results by legislative district
The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state House districts in Ohio. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[30][31]
| In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 39 out of 99 state House districts in Ohio with an average margin of victory of 35.7 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 33 out of 99 state House districts in Ohio with an average margin of victory of 34 points. Clinton won seven districts controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections. |
| In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won 60 out of 99 state House districts in Ohio with an average margin of victory of 17.4 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 66 out of 99 state House districts in Ohio with an average margin of victory of 28.3 points. Trump won seven districts controlled by Democrats heading into the 2018 elections. |
| 2016 presidential results by state House district | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Obama | Romney | 2012 Margin | Clinton | Trump | 2016 Margin | Party Control |
| 1 | 38.79% | 59.24% | R+20.5 | 30.29% | 65.04% | R+34.7 | R |
| 2 | 39.31% | 58.68% | R+19.4 | 29.22% | 66.46% | R+37.2 | R |
| 3 | 51.29% | 46.45% | D+4.8 | 42.61% | 50.69% | R+8.1 | R |
| 4 | 37.14% | 61.16% | R+24 | 29.02% | 66.54% | R+37.5 | R |
| 5 | 43.04% | 54.83% | R+11.8 | 26.99% | 68.78% | R+41.8 | R |
| 6 | 47.63% | 51.35% | R+3.7 | 49.34% | 47.10% | D+2.2 | R |
| 7 | 47.89% | 50.80% | R+2.9 | 43.80% | 52.04% | R+8.2 | R |
| 8 | 81.58% | 17.75% | D+63.8 | 81.13% | 16.64% | D+64.5 | D |
| 9 | 85.23% | 14.11% | D+71.1 | 86.73% | 10.91% | D+75.8 | D |
| 10 | 89.62% | 9.61% | D+80 | 85.79% | 11.52% | D+74.3 | D |
| 11 | 88.72% | 10.64% | D+78.1 | 83.99% | 13.93% | D+70.1 | D |
| 12 | 84.03% | 15.46% | D+68.6 | 82.01% | 15.91% | D+66.1 | D |
| 13 | 76.21% | 22.24% | D+54 | 72.94% | 22.56% | D+50.4 | D |
| 14 | 63.03% | 35.54% | D+27.5 | 53.61% | 42.03% | D+11.6 | D |
| 15 | 59.18% | 39.28% | D+19.9 | 48.53% | 46.89% | D+1.6 | D |
| 16 | 49.37% | 49.54% | R+0.2 | 50.78% | 45.09% | D+5.7 | R |
| 17 | 61.41% | 36.78% | D+24.6 | 53.34% | 41.75% | D+11.6 | D |
| 18 | 70.04% | 27.78% | D+42.3 | 73.61% | 20.76% | D+52.8 | D |
| 19 | 47.99% | 50.56% | R+2.6 | 51.84% | 42.94% | D+8.9 | R |
| 20 | 57.45% | 41.22% | D+16.2 | 54.13% | 41.35% | D+12.8 | D |
| 21 | 48.03% | 50.52% | R+2.5 | 54.17% | 40.64% | D+13.5 | R |
| 22 | 65.70% | 32.50% | D+33.2 | 67.15% | 27.74% | D+39.4 | D |
| 23 | 48.63% | 49.65% | R+1 | 44.07% | 50.55% | R+6.5 | R |
| 24 | 48.32% | 50.18% | R+1.9 | 52.82% | 42.02% | D+10.8 | R |
| 25 | 84.94% | 13.90% | D+71 | 82.21% | 14.45% | D+67.8 | D |
| 26 | 82.21% | 16.89% | D+65.3 | 78.59% | 18.45% | D+60.1 | D |
| 27 | 37.72% | 60.95% | R+23.2 | 44.19% | 50.48% | R+6.3 | R |
| 28 | 47.68% | 51.09% | R+3.4 | 49.74% | 45.54% | D+4.2 | R |
| 29 | 36.38% | 61.99% | R+25.6 | 32.63% | 63.29% | R+30.7 | R |
| 30 | 29.86% | 68.57% | R+38.7 | 29.47% | 65.80% | R+36.3 | R |
| 31 | 68.65% | 29.81% | D+38.8 | 69.01% | 26.01% | D+43 | D |
| 32 | 77.38% | 21.44% | D+55.9 | 76.98% | 19.40% | D+57.6 | D |
| 33 | 74.59% | 24.41% | D+50.2 | 74.33% | 22.24% | D+52.1 | D |
| 34 | 77.67% | 21.29% | D+56.4 | 74.56% | 22.10% | D+52.5 | D |
| 35 | 65.71% | 32.53% | D+33.2 | 54.68% | 40.82% | D+13.9 | D |
| 36 | 51.22% | 47.16% | D+4.1 | 43.84% | 51.40% | R+7.6 | R |
| 37 | 48.21% | 50.59% | R+2.4 | 48.22% | 47.58% | D+0.6 | R |
| 38 | 45.12% | 53.31% | R+8.2 | 39.47% | 56.20% | R+16.7 | R |
| 39 | 83.01% | 15.69% | D+67.3 | 77.40% | 18.70% | D+58.7 | D |
| 40 | 42.26% | 56.01% | R+13.7 | 37.44% | 58.22% | R+20.8 | R |
| 41 | 41.76% | 56.43% | R+14.7 | 41.26% | 53.19% | R+11.9 | R |
| 42 | 37.30% | 61.04% | R+23.7 | 34.78% | 60.50% | R+25.7 | R |
| 43 | 52.03% | 46.30% | D+5.7 | 44.83% | 51.71% | R+6.9 | R |
| 44 | 85.18% | 13.57% | D+71.6 | 78.27% | 17.63% | D+60.6 | D |
| 45 | 67.48% | 30.35% | D+37.1 | 54.70% | 38.87% | D+15.8 | D |
| 46 | 61.17% | 36.89% | D+24.3 | 51.98% | 42.46% | D+9.5 | D |
| 47 | 44.22% | 54.03% | R+9.8 | 39.17% | 55.41% | R+16.2 | R |
| 48 | 45.37% | 52.95% | R+7.6 | 38.85% | 56.51% | R+17.7 | R |
| 49 | 63.88% | 33.96% | D+29.9 | 50.58% | 44.46% | D+6.1 | D |
| 50 | 42.15% | 56.06% | R+13.9 | 32.22% | 63.32% | R+31.1 | R |
| 51 | 39.52% | 58.86% | R+19.3 | 34.67% | 60.85% | R+26.2 | R |
| 52 | 32.15% | 66.62% | R+34.5 | 34.41% | 61.10% | R+26.7 | R |
| 53 | 37.68% | 60.48% | R+22.8 | 31.90% | 64.04% | R+32.1 | R |
| 54 | 33.88% | 64.77% | R+30.9 | 35.15% | 59.94% | R+24.8 | R |
| 55 | 54.00% | 44.36% | D+9.6 | 46.06% | 49.11% | R+3 | R |
| 56 | 66.42% | 31.87% | D+34.5 | 56.04% | 39.48% | D+16.6 | D |
| 57 | 45.16% | 52.88% | R+7.7 | 33.67% | 61.31% | R+27.6 | R |
| 58 | 77.98% | 20.84% | D+57.1 | 63.99% | 32.77% | D+31.2 | D |
| 59 | 51.32% | 47.23% | D+4.1 | 39.03% | 57.44% | R+18.4 | D |
| 60 | 53.77% | 44.35% | D+9.4 | 43.53% | 51.59% | R+8.1 | D |
| 61 | 44.47% | 54.03% | R+9.6 | 37.08% | 58.60% | R+21.5 | R |
| 62 | 27.91% | 70.65% | R+42.7 | 24.13% | 71.55% | R+47.4 | R |
| 63 | 60.72% | 37.58% | D+23.1 | 44.17% | 51.91% | R+7.7 | D |
| 64 | 59.27% | 38.87% | D+20.4 | 44.19% | 51.55% | R+7.4 | D |
| 65 | 31.46% | 66.93% | R+35.5 | 28.92% | 66.19% | R+37.3 | R |
| 66 | 33.65% | 64.53% | R+30.9 | 23.17% | 73.04% | R+49.9 | R |
| 67 | 38.37% | 60.33% | R+22 | 39.82% | 55.21% | R+15.4 | R |
| 68 | 36.74% | 61.59% | R+24.9 | 34.19% | 61.06% | R+26.9 | R |
| 69 | 41.18% | 57.12% | R+15.9 | 35.30% | 60.15% | R+24.9 | R |
| 70 | 39.57% | 58.40% | R+18.8 | 28.98% | 66.22% | R+37.2 | R |
| 71 | 44.17% | 53.76% | R+9.6 | 36.24% | 58.84% | R+22.6 | R |
| 72 | 41.74% | 56.02% | R+14.3 | 26.53% | 69.18% | R+42.6 | R |
| 73 | 38.72% | 59.60% | R+20.9 | 37.58% | 56.86% | R+19.3 | R |
| 74 | 39.24% | 59.00% | R+19.8 | 29.26% | 66.33% | R+37.1 | R |
| 75 | 55.14% | 42.80% | D+12.3 | 45.12% | 49.88% | R+4.8 | D |
| 76 | 40.16% | 58.30% | R+18.1 | 36.58% | 59.26% | R+22.7 | R |
| 77 | 42.94% | 55.55% | R+12.6 | 36.83% | 58.45% | R+21.6 | R |
| 78 | 43.27% | 54.75% | R+11.5 | 27.72% | 67.97% | R+40.3 | R |
| 79 | 50.25% | 48.15% | D+2.1 | 39.71% | 55.79% | R+16.1 | R |
| 80 | 30.58% | 67.60% | R+37 | 23.49% | 72.12% | R+48.6 | R |
| 81 | 36.13% | 61.79% | R+25.7 | 23.47% | 71.04% | R+47.6 | R |
| 82 | 35.40% | 62.61% | R+27.2 | 23.64% | 71.47% | R+47.8 | R |
| 83 | 35.44% | 62.41% | R+27 | 25.53% | 68.92% | R+43.4 | R |
| 84 | 22.84% | 75.48% | R+52.6 | 15.84% | 80.56% | R+64.7 | R |
| 85 | 34.91% | 63.23% | R+28.3 | 23.23% | 72.46% | R+49.2 | R |
| 86 | 40.44% | 57.59% | R+17.2 | 29.69% | 64.99% | R+35.3 | R |
| 87 | 37.79% | 59.89% | R+22.1 | 23.50% | 71.42% | R+47.9 | R |
| 88 | 48.08% | 49.40% | R+1.3 | 33.72% | 59.59% | R+25.9 | R |
| 89 | 53.82% | 44.44% | D+9.4 | 40.79% | 54.12% | R+13.3 | R |
| 90 | 45.61% | 52.45% | R+6.8 | 28.10% | 68.50% | R+40.4 | R |
| 91 | 37.47% | 60.53% | R+23.1 | 23.48% | 72.83% | R+49.3 | R |
| 92 | 44.40% | 54.02% | R+9.6 | 30.49% | 65.30% | R+34.8 | R |
| 93 | 38.50% | 59.36% | R+20.9 | 22.81% | 73.57% | R+50.8 | R |
| 94 | 52.86% | 44.54% | D+8.3 | 41.52% | 53.47% | R+12 | R |
| 95 | 39.50% | 58.11% | R+18.6 | 24.30% | 71.52% | R+47.2 | R |
| 96 | 47.46% | 50.40% | R+2.9 | 29.81% | 66.31% | R+36.5 | D |
| 97 | 45.24% | 52.60% | R+7.4 | 29.04% | 66.33% | R+37.3 | R |
| 98 | 40.54% | 57.23% | R+16.7 | 27.38% | 67.61% | R+40.2 | R |
| 99 | 52.60% | 45.25% | D+7.4 | 37.09% | 58.30% | R+21.2 | D |
| Total | 50.67% | 47.69% | D+3 | 43.69% | 51.84% | R+8.2 | - |
| Source: Daily Kos | |||||||
District history
2016
Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Steve Chabot (R) defeated Michele Young (D) in the general election. Chabot was unopposed in the Republican primary. Young defeated Jim Berns and Fred Kundrata in the Democratic primary on March 15, 2016. The general election took place on November 8, 2016.[32]
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican |  Steve Chabot Incumbent |
59.2% | 210,014 | |
| Democratic | Michele Young | 40.8% | 144,644 | |
| N/A | Write-in | 0% | 130 | |
| Total Votes | 354,788 | |||
| Source: Ohio Secretary of State | ||||
| Candidate | Vote % | Votes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Michele Young |
68% | 39,535 | ||
| Fred Kundrata | 20.5% | 11,944 | ||
| Jim Berns | 11.5% | 6,693 | ||
| Total Votes | 58,172 | |||
| Source: Ohio Secretary of State |
||||
2014
The 1st Congressional District of Ohio held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Steve Chabot (R) defeated Fred Kundrata (D) in the general election.
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Steve Chabot Incumbent |
63.2% | 124,779 | |
| Democratic | Fred Kundrata | 36.8% | 72,604 | |
| Total Votes | 197,383 | |||
| Source: Ohio Secretary of State | ||||
2012
On November 6, 2012, Steve Chabot (R) won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Jeff Sinnard, Rich Stevenson and Jim Berns in the general election.
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Jeff Sinnard | 37.6% | 131,490 | |
| Republican | Steve Chabot Incumbent |
57.7% | 201,907 | |
| Libertarian | Jim Berns | 2.8% | 9,674 | |
| Green | Rich Stevenson | 1.9% | 6,645 | |
| Total Votes | 349,716 | |||
| Source: Ohio Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election" | ||||
2010
On November 2, 2010, Steve Chabot won election to the United States House. He defeated Steve Driehaus (D), Jim Berns (L) and Rich Stevenson (Green) in the general election.[33]
| U.S. House, Ohio District 1 General Election, 2010 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Republican | Steve Chabot |
51.5% | 103,770 | |
| Democratic | Steve Driehaus incumbent | 46% | 92,672 | |
| Libertarian | Jim Berns | 1.5% | 3,076 | |
| Green | Rich Stevenson | 1% | 2,000 | |
| Total Votes | 201,518 | |||
2008
On November 4, 2008, Steve Driehaus won election to the United States House. He defeated Steve Chabot (R), Eric Wilson (Write-in) and Rich Stevenson (Write-in) in the general election.[34]
| U.S. House, Ohio District 1 General Election, 2008 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Democratic | Steve Driehaus |
52.5% | 155,455 | |
| Republican | Steve Chabot incumbent | 47.5% | 140,683 | |
| Write-in; Independent | Eric Wilson | 0% | 85 | |
| Write-in; Independent | Rich Stevenson | 0% | 67 | |
| Total Votes | 296,290 | |||
State overview
Partisan control
This section details the partisan control of federal and state positions in Ohio heading into the 2018 elections.
Congressional delegation
- Following the 2016 elections, Democrats and Republicans each held one U.S. Senate seat in Ohio.
- Republicans held 11 of 16 U.S. House seats in Ohio.
State executives
- As of May 2018, Republicans held six out of six elected state executive positions.
- The governor of Ohio was Republican John Kasich.
State legislature
- Republicans controlled both chambers of the Ohio General Assembly. They had a 23-9 majority in the state Senate and a 66-32 majority in the state House.
Trifecta status
- Ohio was under Republican trifecta control since the governor was a Republican and both chambers of the Ohio General Assembly were under Republican control.
2018 elections
- See also: Ohio elections, 2018
Ohio held elections for the following positions in 2018:
- One U.S. Senate seat
- 16 U.S. House seats
- Governor and lieutenant governor
- Five other state executive offices
- 17 out of 33 state Senate seats
- 99 state House seats
- Two of seven state Supreme Court seats
- Municipal elections in Cuyahoga, Fairfield, Franklin, Hamilton, and Lucas counties, as well as the city of Toledo
Demographics
| Demographic data for Ohio | ||
|---|---|---|
| Ohio | U.S. | |
| Total population: | 11,605,090 | 316,515,021 |
| Land area (sq mi): | 40,861 | 3,531,905 |
| Race and ethnicity** | ||
| White: | 82.4% | 73.6% |
| Black/African American: | 12.2% | 12.6% |
| Asian: | 1.9% | 5.1% |
| Native American: | 0.2% | 0.8% |
| Pacific Islander: | 0% | 0.2% |
| Two or more: | 2.5% | 3% |
| Hispanic/Latino: | 3.4% | 17.1% |
| Education | ||
| High school graduation rate: | 89.1% | 86.7% |
| College graduation rate: | 26.1% | 29.8% |
| Income | ||
| Median household income: | $49,429 | $53,889 |
| Persons below poverty level: | 19.6% | 11.3% |
| Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015) Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Ohio. **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. | ||
As of July 2017, Ohio had a population of 11,700,000 people, with its three largest cities being Columbus (pop. est. 860,000), Cleveland (pop. est. 390,000), and Cincinnati (pop. est. 300,000).[35][36]
State election history
This section provides an overview of federal and state elections in Ohio from 2000 to 2016. All data comes from the Ohio Secretary of State.
Historical elections
Presidential elections, 2000-2016
This chart shows the results of the presidential election in Ohio every year from 2000 to 2016.
| Election results (President of the United States), Ohio 2000-2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
| 2016 | Donald Trump |
52.1% | Hillary Clinton |
43.5% | 8.6% |
| 2012 | Barack Obama |
50.7% | Mitt Romney |
47.7% | 3.0% |
| 2008 | Barack Obama |
51.5% | John McCain |
46.9% | 4.6% |
| 2004 | George W. Bush |
50.8% | John Kerry |
48.7% | 2.1% |
| 2000 | George W. Bush |
50.0% | Al Gore |
46.5% | 3.5% |
U.S. Senate elections, 2000-2016
This chart shows the results of U.S. Senate races in Ohio from 2000 to 2016. Every state has two Senate seats, and each seat goes up for election every six years. The terms of the seats are staggered so that roughly one-third of the seats are up every two years.
| Election results (U.S. Senator), Ohio 2000-2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
| 2016 | Rob Portman |
58.0% | Ted Strickland |
37.2% | 20.8% |
| 2012 | Sherrod Brown |
50.7% | Josh Mandel |
44.7% | 6.0% |
| 2010 | Rob Portman |
56.8% | Lee Fisher |
39.4% | 17.4% |
| 2006 | Sherrod Brown |
56.2% | Mike DeWine |
43.8% | 12.4% |
| 2004 | George Voinovich |
63.9% | Eric Fingerhut |
36.1% | 27.8% |
| 2000 | Mike DeWine |
59.9% | Ted Celeste |
35.9% | 24.0% |
Gubernatorial elections, 2000-2016
This chart shows the results of the four gubernatorial elections held between 2000 and 2016. Gubernatorial elections are held every four years in Ohio.
| Election results (Governor), Ohio 2000-2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
| 2014 | John Kasich |
63.6% | Ed Fitzgerald |
33.0% | 30.6% |
| 2010 | John Kasich |
49.0% | Ted Strickland |
47.0% | 2.0% |
| 2006 | Ted Strickland |
60.5% | Ken Blackwell |
36.6% | 23.9% |
| 2002 | Robert Taft |
57.8% | Tim Hagan |
38.3% | 19.5% |
Congressional delegation, 2000-2016
This chart shows the number of Democrats and Republicans who were elected to represent Ohio in the U.S. House from 2000 to 2016. Elections for U.S. House seats are held every two years.
| Congressional delegation, Ohio 2000-2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Republicans | Republicans (%) | Democrats | Democrats (%) | Balance of power |
| 2016 | 12 |
75.0% | 4 |
25.0% | R+8 |
| 2014 | 12 |
75.0% | 4 |
25.0% | R+8 |
| 2012 | 12 |
75.0% | 4 |
25.0% | R+8 |
| 2010 | 13 |
72.2% | 5 |
27.8% | R+8 |
| 2008 | 8 |
44.4% | 10 |
55.6% | D+2 |
| 2006 | 11 |
61.1% | 7 |
38.9% | R+4 |
| 2004 | 12 |
66.7% | 6 |
33.3% | R+6 |
| 2002 | 12 |
66.7% | 6 |
33.3% | R+6 |
| 2000 | 11 |
57.9% | 8 |
42.1% | R+3 |
Trifectas, 1992-2017
A state government trifecta occurs when one party controls both chambers of the state legislature and the governor's office.
Ohio Party Control: 1992-2024
No Democratic trifectas • Twenty-six years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Senate | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| House | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
See also
- Ohio's 1st Congressional District election (May 8, 2018 Democratic primary)
- Ohio's 1st Congressional District election (May 8, 2018 Republican primary)
- United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 2018
- United States House of Representatives elections, 2018
Footnotes
- ↑ DCCC, "House Democrats Playing Offense," January 30, 2017
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' presidential results by congressional district for 2016, 2012, and 2008," accessed October 7, 2018
- ↑ Steve Chabot's 2018 campaign website, "About Steve," accessed September 23, 2018
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 YouTube, "Chabot for Congress videos," accessed September 23, 2018
- ↑ WOSU, "Ohio Elections Commission Will Investigate Pureval's Campaign Finances," September 20, 2018
- ↑ Aftab Pureval's 2018 campaign website, "Meet Aftab," accessed September 23, 2018
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 YouTube, "Aftab for Congress," accessed September 23, 2018
- ↑ Dirk Kubala's 2018 campaign website, "About Dirk," accessed November 2, 2018
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 YouTube, "DIRK KUBALA for Congress - Libertarian for Ohio," October 29, 2018
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Dirk Kubala's 2018 campaign website, "Home," accessed November 2, 2018
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed September 22, 2015
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed September 22, 2015
- ↑ National Review.com, "Why the Media Hate Super PACs," November 6, 2015
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 ProPublica, "Ohio’s 1st District House Race - 2018 cycle," accessed November 4, 2018
- ↑ Congressional Leadership Fund, "ICYMI: CLF Beefs Up Field Operations in Key Districts," September 18, 2018
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "FILING FEC-1265688, CULAC PAC," accessed October 11, 2018
- ↑ Cincinnati.com, "PX column: Aftab Pureval builds war chest as outside groups spend big money attacking Chabot," July 9, 2018
- ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
- ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
- ↑ Cincinnati.com, "Cincinnati Trump rally: Trump has landed in Cincinnati. Hundreds waited, some overnight, for Warren County rally. 'They're so much fun,'" October 12, 2018
- ↑ Cleveland.com, "Former President Barack Obama endorses more Ohio candidates," October 2, 2018
- ↑ Cincinnati Enquirer, "Ohio Congressional debate: Aftab Pureval, Steve Chabot attack each other when asked why they attack each other," October 16, 2018
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Steve Chabot's 2018 campaign website, "Issues," accessed September 21, 2018
- ↑ Aftab Pureval's 2018 campaign website, "Issues," accessed September 21, 2018
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017
- ↑ Ohio Secretary of State, "Ohio 2016 March Primary Candidate List," accessed March 11, 2016
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ United States Census Bureau, "QuickFacts - Ohio," accessed April 4, 2018
- ↑ Ohio Demographics, "Ohio Cities by Population," accessed April 4, 2018
