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Pennsylvania's 12th Congressional District special election, 2019

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State Rep. Fred Keller (R) defeated college professor Marc Friedenberg (D) in a May 21, 2019, special election to fill the vacant seat representing Pennsylvania's 12th Congressional District in the U.S. House. Keller received 68 percent of the vote while Friedenberg received 32 percent.

The vacancy occurred following the resignation of former Rep. Tom Marino (R) on January 23, 2019.[1] He beat Friedenberg by 32 points in November 2018. Donald Trump (R) won the district by 36 points in the 2016 presidential election.

This district was expected to be a Republican hold. G. Terry Madonna, a pollster in Pennsylvania, said that "[b]arring something that emerges to damage the Republican candidate, a Republican victory is virtually assured."[2]

In 2018, Democrats picked up three Pennsylvania U.S. House districts in special elections: Conor Lamb (D) won in Pennsylvania's 18th Congressional District in March 2018, while Mary Gay Scanlon (D) won Pennsylvania's 7th Congressional District and Susan Wild (D) won Pennsylvania's 15th Congressional District in November 2018. At the time of this special election, Pennsylvania's U.S. House delegation had nine Democrats and eight Republicans.

There were 10 special elections called during the 116th Congress. Eight were called for seats in the U.S. House, and two for seats in the U.S. Senate. From the 113th Congress to the 115th Congress, 40 special elections were held. For more data on historical congressional special elections, click here.

Pennsylvania's 12th Congressional District is located in central and northern Pennsylvania and includes portions of Bradford, Centre, Clinton, Juniata, Lycoming, Mifflin, Northumberland, Perry, Potter, Snyder, Sullivan, Susquehanna, Tioga, Union, and Wyoming counties.[3]

Rather than hold a primary, party committees nominated their candidates for the race.[4][5] Keller was selected at his party's convention from a field of 14 candidates, receiving the nomination after four rounds of voting.[6] Friedenberg was the only Democratic candidate to declare his candidacy, and he received his party's nomination by default.[7]

This table will be updated as information becomes available.
Pennsylvania voter? Dates you need to know.
Registration DeadlineApril 22, 2019[8]
Absentee Application DeadlineMay 14, 2019[8]
General ElectionMay 21, 2019
Voting information
Polling place hours7 a.m. to 8 p.m.

Candidates and election results

See also: Pennsylvania's 12th Congressional District special election, 2019

General election

Special general election for U.S. House Pennsylvania District 12

Fred Keller defeated Marc Friedenberg in the special general election for U.S. House Pennsylvania District 12 on May 21, 2019.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Fred Keller
Fred Keller (R)
 
68.1
 
90,000
Image of Marc Friedenberg
Marc Friedenberg (D)
 
31.9
 
42,195

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 132,195
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic convention

The Democratic convention was canceled. Marc Friedenberg advanced from the special Democratic convention for U.S. House Pennsylvania District 12.

Republican convention

Special Republican convention for U.S. House Pennsylvania District 12

Fred Keller defeated Malcolm Derk, Stacy Garrity, Chris Hoffman, and Joseph Moralez in the special Republican convention for U.S. House Pennsylvania District 12 on March 2, 2019.

Candidate
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Submit photo
Malcolm Derk (R)
Image of Stacy Garrity
Stacy Garrity (R)
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Submit photo
Chris Hoffman (R)
✔
Image of Fred Keller
Fred Keller (R)
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Submit photo
Joseph Moralez (R)

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Candidates for this election were chosen at party conventions. Click on the box below to see the full list of convention candidates.

Candidate profiles

See also: Editorial approach to writing about key campaign messages


Marc Friedenberg
Marc Friedenberg.jpg

Campaign website Facebook Twitter

Party: Democratic

Incumbent: No

Political office: None

Biography: Friedenberg earned his bachelor's and master's degrees from Penn State University. He also earned a law degree from Columbia University. He is a professor at Penn State University teaching classes on cyber law and the global economy for the College of Information Sciences and Technology.[9]

Key messages
  • Friedenberg said that health care issues are what first inspired him to run for Congress. He supported Medicare-for-all and wanted to use federal resources to address opioid issues and invest in rural community health centers.[9]
  • Friedenberg wanted to bring broadband internet to every home and business in the district. He highlighted his background in information technology as evidence that he is the right person to address this issue.
  • Friedenberg promised to protect the environment. He said that "clean air and water are a right for all human beings, and I accept the scientific consensus that climate change poses a threat to our future on this planet."[10]


Fred Keller, State Representative
FredKeller.jpg

Campaign website Facebook Twitter

Party: Republican

Incumbent: No

Political office: Pennsylvania House of Representatives (Assumed office: 2011)

Biography: Keller graduated from the Don Paul Shrear Real Estate School. His professional experience includes working for Conestoga Wood Specialties Corp. for the past 25 years, where he was eventually promoted to plant manager.

Key messages
  • Keller listed fiscal responsibility as one of his top priorities. He highlighted his experience in the state legislature and says he "pass[ed] timely and balanced budgets with no tax increases or general fund borrowing."[11]
  • Keller said that he wanted to bring to Congress "pragmatic, conservative principles to ensure liberty, freedom and respect and the rule of law."[12]
  • Keller claimed that he is "a champion for the agriculture industry" and said that supporting the state's agriculture industry is one of his top priorities.[13]


Polls

See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls

If you are aware of polls conducted in this race, please email us.

Campaign finance

Satellite spending

Satellite spending, commonly referred to as outside spending, describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.[14][15][16]

This section lists satellite spending in this race reported by news outlets in alphabetical order. If you are aware of spending that should be included, please email us.

  • NextGen America, a super PAC led by Tom Steyer, sent volunteers to Penn State University to register students to vote. John Micek of the Pennsylvania Capital-Star noted that the work may be to set the stage for 2020 rather than generate a win in the special election.[17]

District analysis

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores

The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+17, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were 17 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Pennsylvania's 12th Congressional District the 60th most Republican nationally.[18]

FiveThirtyEight's elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." Heading into the election, this district's elasticity score was 1.01. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.01 points toward that party.[19]

Noteworthy endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section lists noteworthy endorsements issued in this election, including those made by high-profile individuals and organizations, cross-party endorsements, and endorsements made by newspaper editorial boards. It also includes a bulleted list of links to official lists of endorsements for any candidates who published that information on their campaign websites. Please note that this list is not exhaustive. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please click here.

Marc Friedenberg

Fred Keller

  • President Donald Trump (R)[22]
  • National Federation of Independent Business[23]
  • National Rifle Association Political Victory Fund[24]
  • Club for Growth[25]
  • National Right to Life[26]
  • Credit Union Legislative Action Council[27]
  • Pennsylvania Credit Union Association[27]

Campaign advertisements

This section shows advertisements released in this race. Ads released by campaigns and, if applicable, satellite groups are embedded or linked below. If you are aware of advertisements that should be included, please email us.

Fred Keller

"American Dream" – Keller campaign, April 7, 2019
"Meet Fred Keller" – Keller campaign, April 7, 2019

Timeline

  • May 20, 2019: The Credit Union Legislative Action Council and the Pennsylvania Credit Union Association endorsed Keller.[27]
  • May 16, 2019: Farm Women United endorsed Friedenberg.[21]
  • April 17, 2019: The Pennsylvania Capital-Star reported that volunteers from NextGen America, a group led by Tom Steyer, were working on getting students at Penn State University registered to vote.[17]
  • April 11, 2019: National Right to Life endorsed Keller.[26]
  • April 8, 2019: The National Rifle Association Political Victory Fund endorsed Keller.[24]
  • April 4, 2019: Friedenberg tweeted that he raised over $100,000 with an average contribution of $65. He said 78 percent of contributions came from within Pennsylvania.[30]
  • March 2, 2019: Republicans selected Fred Keller as their nominee after a convention.[6]
  • February 12, 2019: Democrats selected Marc Friedenberg as their nominee.[7]

Debates and forums

Do you know of a candidate debate or forum that has taken place in this race? Let Ballotpedia know by email at editor@ballotpedia.org.

May 3, 2019

WVIA Public Media hosted a televised debate at their studio in Luzerne County attended by both candidates. A full video of the forum is embedded below.

12th U.S. House District debate, hosted May 3, 2019

April 12, 2019

The Greater Susquehanna Valley Chamber of Commerce sponsored a forum in Lewisburg attended by both candidates. They discussed the Green New Deal, trade tariffs, and infrastructure.

To read the Politics PA round-up of the forum, click here.

Marquee events

March 2 Republican convention

Republicans from the counties making up the congressional district held a convention on March 2 to select the party's nominee for the race. Keller was selected from a field of 14 candidates after four rounds of voting. State party chair Val DiGiorgio described Keller as a “principled, conservative leader” who would be an ally of the president.[31]

Zach Montellaro of Politico said that the convention highlighted what targeted spending could do in races like this. He reported that Club for Action Growth had spent $16,000 prior to the convention in targeted mailers opposing the potential nomination of state Rep. Jeff Wheeland. Wheeland withdrew from consideration just prior to the convention, citing negative campaigning as his reason.[32]

Campaign themes

Candidate survey

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Click here to fill out the survey.

Marc Friedenberg

Friedenberg’s campaign website stated the following:

“

Jobs
I will bring high-paying jobs to our district and stick up for working people instead of corporations.

Healthcare
Marc supports a Medicare-for-all, single-payer national health insurance system. He will invest federal resources to fight the opioid crisis in our district and strengthen our rural community health centers.

Education
As an educator, I know how vital education is to the future of our district and our country.

Environment
The environmental challenges we face here in our district present us with a great opportunity to join the next energy revolution.

Public Safety
I support common-sense solutions to gun violence and know that there is common ground among our district's gun owners, law enforcement, parents, and teachers.

Rural Broadband
This is a top priority issue for schools, farmers, and job creators, and with my background in Internet technology, I know how to get it done.

Women's Health
I will fight to protect programs like Medicaid and Title X that support women’s health and their right to control their own bodies.

Veteran's Issues
I will fight to protect and expand the VA’s ability to provide our veterans with their hard-earned benefits.

Agriculture
I've traveled our district and talked to farmers and dairy workers about their struggles maintaining the heart and soul of rural communities.

Civil Rights
I believe that all people are created equal, and will fight to support the legal rights of marginalized communities. [33]

”
—Marc Friedenberg’s campaign website (2019)[9]


Fred Keller

Keller’s campaign website stated the following:

“

Proven Leadership

Serving in his fifth consecutive term in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Fred Keller has a proven record of working hard to grow Pennsylvania's economy and attract jobs, standing up for taxpayers, promoting agriculture and tirelessly supporting local families and businesses.

Distinguished Service

Fred Keller has represented Snyder and Union counties in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives since 2010. His service in the state legislature has been recognized by the American Conservative Union, Americans for Prosperity, the National Federation of Independent Business, the PA Chamber of Business and Industry, the PA Farm Bureau, fellow public officials (both Republicans and Democrats), educators, first responders, health care professionals, taxpayer advocates and many more.

Fred Keller is a champion for the agriculture industry. Supporting local farmers and the commonwealth’s $7 billion agricultural industry is a top priority for Fred.

Fred has worked hard to create a healthy business environment so existing businesses grow, new jobs are created, and new businesses move into our area. [33]

”
—Fred Keller’s campaign website (2019)[34]


Social media

Twitter accounts

Facebook accounts

Click the icons below to visit the candidates' Facebook pages.

Democratic Party Marc Friedenberg Facebook

Republican Party Fred Keller Facebook

Special elections to the 116th Congress

See also: Special elections to the 116th United States Congress (2019-2020)

Eight special elections for the U.S. House of Representatives occurred:

Two special election for the U.S. Senate occurred:

Three of these races resulted in partisan flips. The special elections for U.S. Senate in Arizona and Georgia resulted in Democratic gains, and the special election for California's 25th Congressional District resulted in a Republican gain.

Special elections to Congress occur when a legislator resigns, dies, or is removed from office. Depending on the specific state laws governing vacancies, a state can either hold an election within the same calendar year or wait until the next regularly scheduled election.

Results

House

Results of special elections to the 116th Congress (House)
Race Election date Incumbent Winner Election MOV Previous election MOV 2016 Presidential election MOV[35]
Pennsylvania's 12th Congressional District May 21, 2019 Republican Party Tom Marino Republican Party Fred Keller R+36 R+32 R+37
North Carolina's 3rd Congressional District September 10, 2019 Republican Party Walter Jones[36] Republican Party Greg Murphy R+24 R+100 R+24
North Carolina's 9th Congressional District[37] September 10, 2019 Republican Party Robert Pittenger Republican Party Dan Bishop R+2 R+16 R+11
Maryland's 7th Congressional District April 28, 2020 Democratic Party Elijah Cummings Democratic Party Kweisi Mfume D+49 D+55 D+55
California's 25th Congressional District May 12, 2020 Democratic Party Katie Hill Republican Party Mike Garcia R+12 D+9 D+7
Wisconsin's 7th Congressional District May 12, 2020 Republican Party Sean Duffy Republican Party Tom Tiffany R+14 R+21 R+20
New York's 27th Congressional District June 23, 2020 Republican Party Chris Collins Republican Party Christopher Jacobs R+5 R+0.3 R+25
Georgia's 5th Congressional District December 1, 2020 Democratic Party John Lewis Democratic Party Kwanza Hall D+8[38] D+100 D+73

Senate

Results of special elections to the 116th Congress (Senate)
Race Election date Incumbent Winner Election MOV Previous election MOV 2016 Presidential election MOV
U.S. Senate in Arizona November 3, 2020 Republican Party Martha McSally[39] Democratic Party Mark Kelly D+3 D+2 R+4
U.S. Senate in Georgia January 5, 2021 (runoff) Republican Party Kelly Loeffler[40] Democratic Party Raphael Warnock D+2.1 R+14 R+5

Historical data

Special elections, 2013-2022

From 2013 to 2022, 67 special elections to the United States Congress were called during the 113th through 117th Congresses. During that time, special elections were called for 23 seats vacated by Democrats and 44 vacated by Republicans.

The table below details how many congressional seats changed parties as the result of a special election between 2013 and 2022. The numbers on the left side of the table reflect how many vacant seats were originally held by each party, while the numbers on the right side of the table show how many vacant seats each party won in special elections.

Congressional special election vacancies and results, 113th Congress to 117th Congress
Congress Total elections held Vacancies before elections Seats held after elections Net change
Democratic Party Democrats Republican Party Republicans Democratic Party Democrats Republican Party Republicans
117th Congress 17 7 10 7 10 No change
116th Congress 10 3 7 4 6 +1D, -1R
115th Congress 17 4 13 8 9 +4 D, -4 R
114th Congress 7 2 5 2 5 No change
113th Congress 16 7 9 7 9 No change
Averages 13 4 8 5 7 N/A


U.S. Senate special election partisan change from special elections, 113th Congress to 117th Congress
Party As of special election After special election
Democratic Party Democrats 5 8
Republican Party Republicans 7 4
Total 12 12
U.S. House special election partisan change from special elections, 113th Congress to 117th Congress
Party As of special election After special election
Democratic Party Democrats 18 20
Republican Party Republicans 37 35
Total 55 55


Special elections, 1986-2012

The table below presents the results of special elections to Congress from 1986 to 2012. Contact Ballotpedia at editor@ballotpedia.org for access to earlier data.

Results of special elections to Congress (1986-2012)
Election cycle Total special elections U.S. House elections Seats changing partisan control U.S. Senate elections Seats changing partisan control
2011-2012 11 11 None None None
2009-2010 15 10 3 (2 Democratic gains; 1 Republican gain) 5 2 (all Republican gains)
2007-2008 14 12 3 (2 Republican gains; 1 Democratic gain) 2 None
2005-2006 12 12 3 (all Democratic gains) None None
2003-2004 6 6 None None None
2001-2002 6 5 2 (all Democratic gains) 1 1 (Republican gain)
1999-2000 9 8 1 (Republican gain) 1 1 (Democratic gain)
1997-1998 3 3 None None None
1995-1996 11 9 1 (Republican gain) 2 1 (Democratic gain)
1993-1994 9 6 1 (Republican gain) 3 3 (all Republican gains)
1991-1992 10 7 2 (all Republican gains) 3 1 (Democratic gain)
1989-1990 10 8 1 (Democratic gain) 2 None
1987-1988 12 12 3 (2 Democratic gains; 1 Republican gain) None None
1985-1986 8 8 1 (Republican gain) None None
Total 136 117 21 (11 Democratic gains; 10 Republican gains) 19 9 (6 Republican gains; 3 Democratic gains)

Pivot Counties

See also: Pivot Counties by state

Three of 67 Pennsylvania counties—4.5 percent—are pivot counties. These are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 pivot counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.

Counties won by Trump in 2016 and Obama in 2012 and 2008
County Trump margin of victory in 2016 Obama margin of victory in 2012 Obama margin of victory in 2008
Erie County, Pennsylvania 1.56% 16.03% 19.88%
Luzerne County, Pennsylvania 19.31% 4.81% 8.41%
Northampton County, Pennsylvania 3.78% 4.71% 12.30%

In the 2016 presidential election, Donald Trump (R) won Pennsylvania with 48.2 percent of the vote. Hillary Clinton (D) received 47.5 percent. In presidential elections between 1900 and 2016, Pennsylvania cast votes for the winning presidential candidate 76.7 percent of the time. In that same time frame, Pennsylvania supported Republican candidates for president more often than Democratic candidates, 53.3 to 43.3 percent. The state, however, favored Democrats in every presidential election between 2000 and 2012, but voted Republican in 2016.

Presidential results by legislative district

The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state House districts in Pennsylvania. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[52][53]

In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 89 out of 203 state House districts in Pennsylvania with an average margin of victory of 37.4 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 84 out of 203 state House districts in Pennsylvania with an average margin of victory of 37.3 points. Clinton won 19 districts controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections.
In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won 114 out of 203 state House districts in Pennsylvania with an average margin of victory of 20 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 119 out of 203 state House districts in Pennsylvania with an average margin of victory of 28.2 points. Trump won 17 districts controlled by Democrats heading into the 2018 elections.


District history

2018

See also: Pennsylvania's 12th Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election candidates

See also: Pennsylvania's 12th Congressional District election (May 15, 2018 Democratic primary)
See also: Pennsylvania's 12th Congressional District election (May 15, 2018 Republican primary)

Primary candidates

Democratic Party Democratic primary candidates


Republican Party Republican primary candidates



2016

See also: Pennsylvania's 12th Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Keith Rothfus (R) defeated Erin McClelland (D) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Neither candidate faced a primary opponent in April.[54][55]

U.S. House, Pennsylvania District 12 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngKeith Rothfus Incumbent 61.8% 221,851
     Democratic Erin McClelland 38.2% 137,353
Total Votes 359,204
Source: Pennsylvania Department of State

2014

See also: Pennsylvania's 12th Congressional District elections, 2014

The 12th Congressional District of Pennsylvania held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Keith Rothfus (R) defeated Erin McClelland (D) in the general election.

U.S. House, Pennsylvania District 12 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngKeith Rothfus Incumbent 59.3% 127,993
     Democratic Erin McClelland 40.7% 87,928
Total Votes 215,921
Source: Pennsylvania Department of State

2012

See also: Pennsylvania's 12th Congressional District elections, 2012

The 12th Congressional District of Pennsylvania held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 6, 2012. Republican Keith Rothfus beat out incumbent Mark Critz to win the district.[56]

U.S. House, Pennsylvania District 12 General Election, 2012
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Mark Critz Incumbent 48.3% 163,589
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngKeith Rothfus 51.7% 175,352
Total Votes 338,941
Source: Pennsylvania Department of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"

2010

On November 2, 2010, Mark Critz won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Tim Burns (R) in the general election.[57]

U.S. House, Pennsylvania District 12 General Election, 2010
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngMark Critz 50.8% 94,056
     Republican Tim Burns 49.2% 91,170
Total Votes 185,226

State profile

See also: Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania elections, 2019
USA Pennsylvania location map.svg

Partisan data

The information in this section was current as of May 7, 2019

Presidential voting pattern

Congressional delegation

State executives

  • Democrats held six of Pennsylvania's 16 state executive offices. Elections for the other offices are nonpartisan.
  • Pennsylvania's governor was Democrat Tom Wolf.

State legislature

Pennsylvania Party Control: 1992-2025
One year of a Democratic trifecta  •  Twelve years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Governor D D D R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D
Senate R D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
House D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R D D _

Pennsylvania quick stats
  • Became a state in 1787
  • 2nd state admitted to the United States
  • The United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were both drafted in Pennsylvania.
  • Members of the Pennsylvania State Senate: 50
  • Members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives: 203
  • U.S. senators: 2
  • U.S. representatives: 18
More Pennsylvania coverage on Ballotpedia:


Demographic data for Pennsylvania
 PennsylvaniaU.S.
Total population:12,791,904316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):44,7433,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:81.6%73.6%
Black/African American:11%12.6%
Asian:3.1%5.1%
Native American:0.2%0.8%
Pacific Islander:0%0.2%
Two or more:2.1%3%
Hispanic/Latino:6.4%17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:89.2%86.7%
College graduation rate:28.6%29.8%
Income
Median household income:$53,599$53,889
Persons below poverty level:15.9%11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Pennsylvania.
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.


See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Philly.com, "Rep. Tom Marino from Pa.'s 12th congressional district to resign," January 23, 2019
  2. ↑ Newsmax, "Signs Point to Republican Keeping Open House Seat in PA-12," March 4, 2019
  3. ↑ Pennsylvania Courts, "Composite Listing of Congressional Districts," accessed April 12, 2018
  4. ↑ The Express, "Centre requests special election on ‘primary’ day," January 24, 2019
  5. ↑ Politics PA, "PA12: Special Election To Replace Marino Set For May 21," January 24, 2019
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lewistown Sentinel, "Fred Keller selected as GOP nominee," March 4, 2019
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 WITF, "Democrats pick candidate to fill Marino's term in US House," February 12, 2019
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Rock the Vote, "Pennsylvania," accessed March 12, 2019
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Marc for PA, "Meet Marc," accessed March 7, 2019
  10. ↑ Marc for PA, "Environment," accessed March 14, 2019
  11. ↑ Fred Keller for Congress, "About," accessed March 7, 2019
  12. ↑ WHYY, "Republicans pick Pa. state Rep. as nominee to fill open U.S. House seat," March 3, 2019
  13. ↑ Fred Keller for Congress, "Official campaign website," accessed March 14, 2019
  14. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed September 22, 2015
  15. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed September 22, 2015
  16. ↑ National Review.com, "Why the Media Hate Super PACs," November 6, 2015
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Pennsylvania Capital-Star, "Progressive billionaire Tom Steyer’s super PAC is on the ground in #PA12 | Wednesday Morning Coffee," April 17, 2019
  18. ↑ Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
  19. ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
  20. ↑ Daily Collegian, "Lieutenant governor endorses Penn State professor for 12th Congressional district seat," April 16, 2019
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 StateCollege.com, "Letter: Farm Women United Endorses Fridenberg for Agricultural Policy," May 16, 2019
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 The Hill, "Trump endorses Republican in Pennsylvania special election," May 3, 2019
  23. ↑ Fred Keller for Congress, "NFIB Backs Keller For Congress," April 5, 2019
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 NRA-PVF, "NRA-PVF Endorses Fred Keller for U.S. House," April 8, 2019
  25. ↑ Club for Growth, "Club for Growth PAC Endorses Fred Keller in PA-12," April 10, 2019
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Twitter, "NLRC," April 11, 2019
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Credit Union National Association, "CULAC, PCUA back Fred Keller in Tuesday’s special election," May 20, 2019
  28. ↑ Politics PA, "Trump To Rally in Montoursville Before PA12 Special Election," May 13, 2019
  29. ↑ PoliticsPA, "PA12: Keller Debuts 2 TV Ads," April 9, 2019
  30. ↑ Twitter, "Marc for PA," April 4, 2019
  31. ↑ Politics PA, "PA12: Keller Secures GOP Nomination," March 2, 2019
  32. ↑ Politico, "PA-12 Republicans make their special pick," March 4, 2019
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  34. ↑ Fred Keller for Congress, "Official campaign website," accessed March 7, 2019
  35. ↑ Daily Kos, "2008, 2012, & 2016 Presidential Election Results by District," accessed February 1, 2019
  36. ↑ Jones died on February 10, 2019.
  37. ↑ The 9th District was not filled in the 2018 elections due to allegations of electoral fraud. In February 2019, the North Carolina Board of Elections called for a new election to fill the vacant seat.
  38. ↑ This election was between two Democrats
  39. ↑ In December 2018, McSally was appointed to fill the Senate seat previously held by John McCain (R), who passed away in August 2018. Jon Kyl (R) was first appointed to the seat and held it from September 2018 to December 2018. The 2020 special election decided who would serve out the rest of the six-year term McCain was elected to in 2016.
  40. ↑ Isakson announced his resignation effective December 31, 2019. The 2020 special election decided who would serve out the rest of the six-year term Isakson was elected to in 2016.
  41. ↑ Both general election candidates were Republicans.
  42. ↑ This race was unopposed.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Both general election candidates were Democrats.
  44. ↑ Lamb won by a margin of 0.4 percentage points.
  45. ↑ Wild won by a margin of 0.2 percentage points.
  46. ↑ The state Board of Elections declined to certify the results of the 2018 election following allegations of absentee ballot fraud.
  47. ↑ Collins won by 0.3 percentage points.
  48. ↑ This special election was called to fill the vacancy left by 2020 Congressman-elect Luke Letlow (R), who died before being sworn in to Congress.
  49. ↑ Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
  50. ↑ Runoff MOV between two Democratic candidates.
  51. ↑ Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
  52. ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
  53. ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017
  54. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of State, "Unofficial Candidate Listing – Pre Ballot Lottery," accessed February 17, 2016
  55. ↑ The New York Times, "Pennsylvania Primary Results," April 26, 2016
  56. ↑ Politico, "2012 Election Map, Pennsylvania"
  57. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013


Pennsylvania's current delegation to the United States Congress
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John Fetterman (D)
David McCormick (R)
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