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| ==2018 ballot measure contributions== | | ==2018 ballot measure contributions== |
| The charts below list all of the measures certified to appear on the ballot in 2018, along with the supporting and opposing contributions for each measure, the outcome of each measure—when available—and the date on which the campaign finance information was last updated. Blank cells in the charts below indicate that campaign finance information is unavailable or not yet compiled.
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| Click on the arrows at the top of each column to sort the data according to that column. Measures put on the ballot through citizen petitions generally attract more spending than measures put before voters by the legislature. The measures listed below are broken out into one chart for [[ballot initiative|citizen initiatives]] and [[veto referendum]]s and another chart for [[Legislative_referral|legislative referrals]] and [[Automatic ballot referral|automatic ballot referrals]].
| | The following tables list statewide measures on ballots in 2018, support and opposition contributions for each measure, and the outcome of each measure. |
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| ===Initiatives and veto referendums=== | | ===Citizen-initiated ballot measures=== |
| The measures listed in this section were put on the ballot through [[petition|citizen signature petition campaigns]] to propose a new law through initiatives or to seek the repeal of a law passed by the legislature through a veto referendum.
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| {{#Dpl:
| | The following table lists citizen-initiated ballot measures, including veto referendums, that were placed on the ballot through a signature drive. |
| |categorymatch = Certified,%
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| |category = Initiated amendment certified for the 2018 ballot{{!}}Initiated statute certified for the 2018 ballot{{!}}Veto referendum certified for the 2018 ballot
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| |include = {SBMTotalCampaignCash}:support, {SBMTotalCampaignCash}:opposition, {Ballot box}:status image
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| |format = <table class="sortable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1" style="background:none; width:auto;"><tr style="background-color:#00008B; color: white;"><th width="45%">Ballot Measure:</th><th width="20%">Support contributions:</th><th width="20%">Opposition contributions:</th><th width="5%">Outcome:</th></tr>,\n,,</table>
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| |secseparators = <tr><td>[[%TITLE%]]</td><td>$,,</td><td>$,,</td><td align="center">,,</td>
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| ===Legislative and automatic referrals=== | | <APIWidget where=" SUBSTRING ( election_dates.date ,0 , 5 ) = '2018' and ballot_measures.type::text in ('Combined initiated constitutional amendment and state statute', 'Indirect initiated constitutional amendment', 'Indirect initiated state statute', 'Initiated constitutional amendment', 'Initiated state statute', 'Initiated advisory question', 'Veto referendum') and ballot_measures.status::text in ('On the ballot', 'Qualified for the ballot', 'Approved','Defeated', 'Too close to call', 'Overturned', 'Pending judicial ruling post-election')" template='BallotMeasureCFStateSummary' /> |
| The measures listed below were put on the ballot by the state legislature or automatically required by a state law or the state constitution. These types of measures usually generate less campaign spending than initiatives and veto referendums.
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| {{#Dpl:
| | ===Referred ballot measures=== |
| |categorymatch = Certified,%
| | The following table lists referred ballot measures. Legislatures voted to place these measures on the ballot, or the measures, such as constitutional convention questions, were put on the ballot through an automatic legal process. |
| |category = Referred amendment certified for the 2018 ballot{{!}}Referred statute certified for the 2018 ballot{{!}}Automatic ballot referral certified for the 2018 ballot{{!}}Commission-referred ballot measure certified for the 2018 ballot{{!}}Advisory vote certified for the 2018 ballot{{!}}Bond issue certified for the 2018 ballot
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| |include = {SBMTotalCampaignCash}:support, {SBMTotalCampaignCash}:opposition, {Ballot box}:status image
| | <APIWidget where=" SUBSTRING ( election_dates.date ,0 , 5 ) = '2018' and ballot_measures.type::text in ('Legislatively referred advisory question', 'Automatic ballot referral', 'Bond issue', 'Commission-referred state statute', 'Constitutional convention referral', 'Automatic constitutional convention question', 'Legislatively referred constitutional convention question', 'Legislatively referred constitutional amendment', 'Legislatively referred state statute', 'Commission-referred constitutional amendment') and ballot_measures.status::text in ('On the ballot', 'Qualified for the ballot', 'Approved','Defeated', 'Too close to call', 'Overturned', 'Pending judicial ruling post-election')" template='BallotMeasureCFStateSummary' /> |
| |format = <table class="sortable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1" style="background:none; width:auto;"><tr style="background-color:#00008B; color: white;"><th width="45%">Ballot Measure:</th><th width="20%">Support contributions:</th><th width="20%">Opposition contributions:</th><th width="5%">Outcome:</th></tr>,\n,,</table>
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| |secseparators = <tr><td>[[%TITLE%]]</td><td>$,,</td><td>$,,</td><td align="center">,,</td>
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| ==Comparison to prior years== | | ==Comparison to prior years== |
This page summarizes the campaign finance data for statewide ballot measures certified to go before voters in 2018.
Overview
Ballotpedia tracked $1.186 billion in contributions to the ballot measure campaigns supporting and opposing the 142 certified 2018 measures and $1.16 billion in expenditures by those campaigns. These figures included both cash contributions and expenditures as well as in-kind goods and services. Support campaigns raised about 51 percent of the campaign funds. The 65 citizen-initiated measures featured about 83 percent of the campaign finance activity.
- Note: This page contains information about the campaign finance for measures certified for 2018 ballots. It does not list information for measures that were proposed for the 2018 ballot but were not put on the ballot. To read articles about 2018 measures that did not make the ballot—some of which do cover campaign finance activity—click here.
This total of $1.185 billion includes contributions to campaigns supporting or opposing the 12 pre-November ballot measures. Contributions for pre-November ballot measure campaigns amounted to about $38 million.
In 2016, Ballotpedia tracked $1.01 billion in ballot measure campaign contributions for the 162 statewide ballot measures.
Contributions for individual measures
The five measures that featured the most in campaign contributions tracked by Ballotpedia were California Proposition 8, an initiative to limit the revenue of dialysis clinics and require refunds; Nevada Question 3, an initiative on it's second and final round at the ballot to require deregulation of energy markets and the elimination of energy monopolies; California Proposition 10, an initiative to allow local rent control; Arizona Proposition 127, an initiative to increase the state's renewable portfolio standards requirement; and California Proposition 6, an initiative to repeal fuel tax increases and vehicle fees that were enacted in 2017 and require voter approval for future gas taxes.
Three of the top 10 measures on November ballots featuring the most campaign contributions in support and opposition were in California, and two were in Florida. The following table illustrates the outcomes of the top ten measures:
| Measure
|
Status
|
Support
|
Opposition
|
| California Proposition 8: Limits on Dialysis Clinics' Revenue |
 d |
$ |
$
|
| Nevada Question 3: Energy Market |
d |
$33,432,598.21 |
$63,960,356.43
|
| California Proposition 10: Local Rent Control |
d |
$25,295,590.67 |
$71,366,691.31
|
| Arizona Proposition 127: Renewable Energy Standards |
d |
$ |
$
|
| California Proposition 6: Voter Approval for Future Gas and Vehicle Taxes and 2017 Tax Repeal |
d |
$5,161,188.80 |
$46,719,587.54
|
| Washington Initiative 1631: Carbon Emissions Fee |
d |
$16,398,381.52 |
$31,591,364.54
|
| Florida Amendment 3: Voter Approval of Casino Gambling |
 a |
$46,151,662.59 |
$1,769,842.00
|
| Florida Amendment 6: Marsy's Law, Judicial Retirement Age, and Judicial Interpretation |
a |
$37,252,863.00 |
$0.00
|
| Massachusetts Question 1: Nurse-Patient Assignment Limits |
d |
$12,044,919.81 |
$24,808,566.78
|
| Colorado Proposition 112: Minimum Distance Requirements for New Oil, Gas, and Fracking Projects |
d |
$1,685,374.63 |
$31,873,580.51
|
Summaries of the top ten November measures with most contributions to the support and opposition campaigns are listed below:
- Click on each link to see what the measure was designed to do, arguments and endorsements in support and opposition, a list of top donors, and more.
- Nevada Question 3: Legislature to Minimize Regulations on the Energy Market and Eliminate Legal Energy Monopolies Initiative d - The support campaign raised $33.4 million, and the opposition raised $64.0 million.
- Las Vegas Sands Corporation and Switch were the two largest contributors to the support campaign. NV Energy was the largest contributor to the opposition campaign providing 99.9 percent of the funds.
- In Nevada, initiated constitutional amendments need to be approved in two even-numbered election years. On the ballot as Question 3 in 2016, this amendment was approved once.
- The totals reported here applied only to the committees active following January 2017. For Question 3 of 2016, a combined total of $4.35 million was raised between supporters and opponents. The support committee, Nevadans for Affordable, Clean Energy Choices, raised $3.44 million. The opposition committee, No Handouts to Billionaires Committee, received $910,000.
- California Proposition 10: Local Rent Control Initaitive d - This initiative would have allowed local governments to adopt laws and regulations to govern how much landlords can charge tenants for renting apartments and houses. The support campaign raised $25.3 million—with 91 percent of funds received from the AIDS Healthcare Foundation. The opposition campaign raised $71.4 million. The largest opposition contributions of $8.0 million, $6.6 million, and $5.8 million, respectively, were from (a) the California Association of Realtors Issues Mobilization PAC; (b) Essex Property Trust, Inc., and Affiliated Entities; and (c) Blackstone Property Partners, L.P.; Breit MF Holdings LLC; Blackstone Real Estate Partners (VI Through VIII), L.P.; and their Holdings.
- Arizona Proposition 127: Renewable Energy Standards Initiative d - This initiative would have required electric utilities in Arizona to acquire a certain percentage of electricity from renewable resources each year, with the percentage increasing annually from 12 percent in 2020 to 50 percent in 2030. The support campaign raised $24.1 million, and the opposition campaign raised $40.9 million. The largest donor to the support campaign was NextGen Climate Action, founded by Tom Steyer. NextGen Climate Action contributed 95 percent of support contributions. The largest donor to the opposition campaign was the Pinnacle West Capital Corporation, which provided $40 million.
- California Proposition 6: Voter Approval for Future Gas and Vehicle Taxes and 2017 Tax Repeal Initiative d - This initiative would have repealed fuel tax increases and vehicle fees that were enacted in 2017—including the Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017 (RRAA)—and required voter approval (via ballot propositions) for the California State Legislature to impose, increase, or extend fuel taxes or vehicle fees in the future. The ballot measure committee Repeal the Gas Tax - Give Voters A Voice led the campaign in support of Proposition 6. The Repeal the Gas Tax and allied committees raised $5.1 million, including $467,143 from the California Republican Party; $300,000 from Kevin McCarthy's campaign committee; $250,000 from John Cox's campaign committee; and $250,000 from Protect Prop. 13, A Project of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association.
- On July 3, 2018, The Coalition to Protect Local Transportation Improvements, which supported Proposition 69, reorganized as No on Prop 6. No on Prop 6 and allied committees raised $46.7 million. Around $1.2 million was spent on Proposition 69 and local ballot measures, leaving the opposing campaign with about $45.5 million for opposition to Proposition 6. The largest contributors to the opposition committees included the California Alliance for Jobs - Rebuild California Committee ($5.0 million), the Laborers Pacific Southwest Regional Organizing Coalition Issues PAC ($1.9 million), Southern California District Council of Laborers Issues PAC ($1.7 million), Members' Voice of the State Building and Construction Trades Council of California ($1.6 million), and International Union of Operating Engineers ($1.5 million).
- Washington Initiative 1631: Carbon Emissions Fee Measure d - This initiative was designed to establish a carbon fee applied to large sources of carbon emissions. The support committees Clean Air Clean Energy WA and Fuse Voters raised $16.4 million. The top donors to the support campaign were The Nature Conservancy, the League of Conservation Voters, and Bill and Melinda Gates. The opposition campaign was funded by two different committees: No on 1631 (Sponsored by Western States Petroleum Association) and I-1631 Sponsored by the Association of Washington Business. Together the two committees raised $31.6 million. The top donors in opposition to the measure were BP America, Phillips 66, and Andeavor.
- Florida Amendment 3: Voter Approval of Casino Gambling Initiative a - The support campaign raised $46.2 million. The support campaign received its largest contributions from the Seminole Tribe of Florida ($24.3 million) and Disney Worldwide Services, Inc. ($20.6 million). The opposition campaign raised $1.8 million. West Flagler Associates, LTD, contributed $1.5 to the opposition campaign.
- Massachusetts Question 1: Nurse-Patient Assignment Limits Initiative d - This initiative was designed to establish patient assignment limits for registered nurses working in hospitals. The support committee, the Committee to Ensure Safe Patient Care, raised $12.0 million. The Massachusetts Nurses Association provided 96 percent of the support contributions. The opposition committee, the Coalition to Protect Patient Safety, raised $24.9 million. The Massachusetts Health & Hospital Association provided 95 percent of the opposition contributions.
- Colorado Proposition 112: Minimum Distance Requirements for New Oil, Gas, and Fracking Projects d - This initiative would have mandated that new oil and gas development projects, including fracking, be a minimum distance of 2,500 feet from occupied buildings and other areas designated as vulnerable. Colorado Rising for Health and Safety and allied support committees raised $1.7 million. The top donor was the Food and Water Watch Action Fund, which provided $445,984.00 to the support campaign. Protecting Colorado's Environment, Economy, and Energy Independence—also known as Protect Colorado—was registered to oppose Proposition 112. The committee raised a net of $31.9 million, with the largest amounts from the Anadarko Petroleum Corp. ($6.9 million), Noble Energy Inc. ($6.2 million), and PDC Energy ($5.6 million). The Protect Colorado committee provided an additional $10.8 million in contributions to the Committee for Colorado's Shared Heritage, a committee which supported Amendment 74. Amendment 74 was designed to require property owners to be compensated for any reduction in property value caused by state laws or regulations.
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Contributions by state
The states with the most ballot measure campaign finance activity reported in support of or opposition to all 2018 measures certified for the ballot were as follows:
|
1. California - $369,313,672.27 in contributions
2. Nevada - $127,633,657.23 in contributions
3. Florida - $126,176,280.94 in contributions
4. Washington - $79,942,232.45 in contributions
5. Arizona - $76,149,621.83 in contributions
6. Colorado - $70,409,321.18 in contributions
7. Missouri - $47,843,819.55 in contributions
8. Massachusetts - $46,420,966.99 in contributions
|
9. Montana - $35,463,345.66 in contributions
10. Oregon - $34,836,571.08 in contributions
11. Michigan - $32,164,577.74 in contributions
12. Ohio - $19,604,630.89 in contributions
13. North Carolina - $17,987,402.46 in contributions
14. Idaho - $15,042,549.32 in contributions
15. Alaska - $13,480,926.45 in contributions
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2018 ballot measure contributions
The following tables list statewide measures on ballots in 2018, support and opposition contributions for each measure, and the outcome of each measure.
Citizen-initiated ballot measures
The following table lists citizen-initiated ballot measures, including veto referendums, that were placed on the ballot through a signature drive.
| Ballot Measure |
Support Contributions |
Oppose Contributions |
Outcome |
| Alaska Ballot Measure 1, Salmon Habitat Protections and Permits Initiative (2018) |
$1,919,036.17 |
$11,561,890.28 |
|
| Arizona Proposition 126, Prohibit New or Increased Taxes on Services Initiative (2018) |
$10,000,000.00 |
$141,409.70 |
|
| Arizona Proposition 127, Renewable Energy Standards Initiative (2018) |
$24,126,339.52 |
$41,094,911.25 |
|
| Arizona Proposition 305, Expansion of Empowerment Scholarship Accounts Referendum (2018) |
$64,568.91 |
$693,058.71 |
|
| Arkansas Issue 4, Casinos Authorized in Crittenden, Garland, Pope, and Jefferson Counties Initiative (2018) |
$20,418,258.30 |
$308,864.00 |
|
| Arkansas Issue 5, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2018) |
$3,002,621.60 |
$302,200.00 |
|
| California Proposition 10, Local Rent Control Initiative (2018) |
$25,295,590.67 |
$71,366,691.31 |
|
| California Proposition 11, Ambulance Employees Paid On-Call Breaks, Training, and Mental Health Services Initiative (2018) |
$29,887,769.96 |
$0.00 |
|
| California Proposition 12, Farm Animal Confinement Initiative (2018) |
$13,312,539.22 |
$689,278.60 |
|
| California Proposition 3, Water Infrastructure and Watershed Conservation Bond Initiative (2018) |
$4,936,583.46 |
$0.00 |
|
| California Proposition 4, Children's Hospital Bonds Initiative (2018) |
$11,465,759.35 |
$0.00 |
|
| California Proposition 5, Property Tax Transfer Initiative (2018) |
$13,224,875.08 |
$3,324,418.89 |
|
| California Proposition 6, Voter Approval for Future Gas and Vehicle Taxes and 2017 Tax Repeal Initiative (2018) |
$5,161,188.80 |
$46,719,587.54 |
|
| California Proposition 8, Limits on Dialysis Clinics' Revenue and Required Refunds Initiative (2018) |
$18,943,227.65 |
$111,482,980.16 |
|
| Colorado Amendment 73, Establish Income Tax Brackets and Raise Taxes for Education Initiative (2018) |
$1,386,701.60 |
$1,836,335.67 |
|
| Colorado Amendment 74, Compensation to Owners for Decreased Property Value Due to State Regulation Initiative (2018) |
$11,234,317.72 |
$6,764,241.06 |
|
| Colorado Amendment 75, Campaign Contribution Limits Initiative (2018) |
$29,277.26 |
$2,632.00 |
|
| Colorado Proposition 109, "Fix Our Damn Roads" Transportation Bond Initiative (2018) |
$778,595.30 |
$128,981.75 |
|
| Colorado Proposition 110, "Let's Go Colorado" Transportation Bond and Sales Tax Increase Initiative (2018) |
$7,278,957.36 |
$30,000.00 |
|
| Colorado Proposition 111, Limits on Payday Loan Charges Initiative (2018) |
$2,192,819.68 |
$0.00 |
|
| Colorado Proposition 112, Minimum Distance Requirements for New Oil, Gas, and Fracking Projects Initiative (2018) |
$1,685,374.63 |
$31,820,869.23 |
|
| Florida Amendment 3, Voter Approval of Casino Gambling Initiative (2018) |
$46,151,662.59 |
$1,769,842.00 |
|
| Florida Amendment 4, Voting Rights Restoration for Felons Initiative (2018) |
$26,252,067.01 |
$0.00 |
|
| Idaho Proposition 1, Authorize Betting on Historical Horse Races Initiative (2018) |
$6,397,445.19 |
$6,802,499.62 |
|
| Idaho Proposition 2, Medicaid Expansion Initiative (2018) |
$1,782,673.59 |
$59,930.92 |
|
| Maine Question 1, Payroll and Non-Wage Income Taxes for Home Care Program Initiative (2018) |
$2,198,360.19 |
$1,366,449.37 |
|
| Maine Question 1, Ranked-Choice Voting Delayed Enactment and Automatic Repeal Referendum (June 2018) |
$1,577,811.98 |
$0.00 |
|
| Massachusetts Question 1, Nurse-Patient Assignment Limits Initiative (2018) |
$12,419,621.19 |
$26,923,051.48 |
|
| Massachusetts Question 2, Advisory Commission for Amendments to the U.S. Constitution Regarding Corporate Personhood and Political Spending Initiative (2018) |
$330,771.65 |
$0.00 |
|
| Massachusetts Question 3, Gender Identity Anti-Discrimination Veto Referendum (2018) |
$6,084,831.59 |
$662,691.08 |
|
| Michigan Proposal 1, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2018) |
$3,731,704.31 |
$2,671,208.26 |
|
| Michigan Proposal 2, Independent Redistricting Commission Initiative (2018) |
$16,604,573.07 |
$393,180.38 |
|
| Michigan Proposal 3, Voting Policies in State Constitution Initiative (2018) |
$5,401,892.33 |
$3,362,019.39 |
|
| Missouri Amendment 1, Lobbying, Campaign Finance, and Redistricting Initiative (2018) |
$5,634,916.10 |
$343,201.09 |
|
| Missouri Amendment 2, Medical Marijuana and Veteran Healthcare Services Initiative (2018) |
$1,777,322.18 |
$9,700.00 |
|
| Missouri Amendment 3, Medical Marijuana and Biomedical Research and Drug Development Institute Initiative (2018) |
$2,180,366.00 |
$1,794,048.36 |
|
| Missouri Proposition A, Right to Work Referendum (August 2018) |
$5,172,472.07 |
$18,894,165.88 |
|
| Missouri Proposition B, $12 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018) |
$6,991,777.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Missouri Proposition C, Medical Marijuana and Veterans Healthcare Services, Education, Drug Treatment, and Public Safety Initiative (2018) |
$2,786,719.26 |
$9,700.00 |
|
| Montana I-185, Extend Medicaid Expansion and Increase Tobacco Taxes Initiative (2018) |
$9,834,808.23 |
$17,529,125.41 |
|
| Montana I-186, Requirements for Permits and Reclamation Plans of New Hard Rock Mines Initiative (2018) |
$2,133,712.94 |
$5,550,990.93 |
|
| Nebraska Initiative 427, Medicaid Expansion Initiative (2018) |
$2,966,975.18 |
$0.00 |
|
| Nevada Question 3, Changes to Energy Market and Prohibit State-Sanctioned Electric-Generation Monopolies Amendment (2018) |
$33,432,598.21 |
$63,960,356.43 |
|
| Nevada Question 4, Medical Equipment Sales Tax Exemption Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Nevada Question 5, Automatic Voter Registration via DMV Initiative (2018) |
$9,848,897.11 |
$0.00 |
|
| Nevada Question 6, Renewable Energy Standards Initiative (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| North Dakota Measure 1, Ethics Commission, Foreign Political Contribution Ban, and Conflicts of Interest Initiative (2018) |
$1,022,941.66 |
$457,225.00 |
|
| North Dakota Measure 2, Citizen Requirement for Voting Amendment Initiative (2018) |
$303,357.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| North Dakota Measure 3, Marijuana Legalization and Automatic Expungement Initiative (2018) |
$88,519.29 |
$343,938.11 |
|
| North Dakota Measure 4, Special License Plates and Free Access to State Parks for Volunteer Emergency Responders Initiative (2018) |
$1,947.40 |
$0.00 |
|
| Ohio Issue 1, Drug and Criminal Justice Policies Initiative (2018) |
$17,643,394.94 |
$1,739,550.00 |
|
| Oklahoma State Question 788, Medical Marijuana Legalization Initiative (June 2018) |
$280,116.55 |
$1,261,686.02 |
|
| Oklahoma State Question 793: Right of Optometrists and Opticians to Practice in Retail Establishments Initiative (2018) |
$4,631,959.56 |
$3,002,376.92 |
|
| Oregon Measure 101, Healthcare Insurance Premiums Tax for Medicaid Referendum (January 2018) |
$3,825,025.25 |
$404,271.99 |
|
| Oregon Measure 103, Ban Tax on Groceries Initiative (2018) |
$8,176,515.66 |
$11,390,008.73 |
|
| Oregon Measure 104, Definition of Raising Revenue for Three-Fifths Vote Requirement Initiative (2018) |
$3,449,301.30 |
$10,222,329.62 |
|
| Oregon Measure 105, Repeal Sanctuary State Law Initiative (2018) |
$477,388.06 |
$9,997,882.72 |
|
| Oregon Measure 106, Ban Public Funds for Abortions Initiative (2018) |
$459,586.49 |
$13,854,495.45 |
|
| South Dakota Constitutional Amendment W, State Campaign Finance and Lobbying Laws, Government Accountability Board, and Initiative Process Amendment (2018) |
$1,140,330.67 |
$230,816.11 |
|
| South Dakota Initiated Measure 24, Ban Out-of-State Contributions to Ballot Question Committees Initiative (2018) |
$53,794.73 |
$0.00 |
|
| South Dakota Initiated Measure 25, Tobacco Tax Increase Initiative (2018) |
$1,080,476.52 |
$6,452,182.81 |
|
| Utah Proposition 2, Medical Marijuana Initiative (2018) |
$950,123.58 |
$1,086,963.67 |
|
| Utah Proposition 3, Medicaid Expansion Initiative (2018) |
$3,790,008.59 |
$54,858.12 |
|
| Utah Proposition 4, Independent Advisory Commission on Redistricting Initiative (2018) |
$2,798,943.44 |
$0.00 |
|
| Washington Initiative 1631, Carbon Emissions Fee Measure (2018) |
$16,398,381.52 |
$31,591,364.54 |
|
| Washington Initiative 1634, Prohibit Local Taxes on Groceries Measure (2018) |
$22,122,998.63 |
$113,400.17 |
|
| Washington Initiative 1639, Changes to Gun Ownership and Purchase Requirements Measure (2018) |
$5,548,232.39 |
$764,337.06 |
|
| Washington Initiative 940, Police Training and Criminal Liability in Cases of Deadly Force Measure (2018) |
$3,291,215.61 |
$288,720.57 |
|
Referred ballot measures
The following table lists referred ballot measures. Legislatures voted to place these measures on the ballot, or the measures, such as constitutional convention questions, were put on the ballot through an automatic legal process.
| Ballot Measure |
Support Contributions |
Oppose Contributions |
Outcome |
| Alabama Amendment 1, Ten Commandments Amendment (2018) |
$72,756.28 |
$0.00 |
|
| Alabama Amendment 2, State Abortion Policy Amendment (2018) |
$15,986.00 |
$3,129,499.94 |
|
| Alabama Amendment 3, Board of Trustees Membership for University of Alabama Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Alabama Amendment 4, Legislative Vacancies Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Arizona Proposition 125, Adjustments to Elected Officials' and Corrections Officer's Retirement Plans Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Arizona Proposition 306, Clean Election Account Uses and Commission Rulemaking Measure (2018) |
$18,831.77 |
$10,501.97 |
|
| Arkansas Issue 2, Voter ID Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Brookheaven, Georgia, Park Improvements Bond Measure (November 2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| California Proposition 1, Housing Programs and Veterans' Loans Bond (2018) |
$7,239,732.07 |
$0.00 |
|
| California Proposition 2, Use Millionaire's Tax Revenue for Homelessness Prevention Housing Bonds Measure (2018) |
$7,239,732.07 |
$0.00 |
|
| California Proposition 68, Parks, Environment, and Water Bond (June 2018) |
$6,408,682.28 |
$0.00 |
|
| California Proposition 69, Transportation Taxes and Fees Lockbox and Appropriations Limit Exemption Amendment (June 2018) |
$11,196,378.59 |
$0.00 |
|
| California Proposition 7, Legislative Power to Change Daylight Saving Time Measure (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| California Proposition 70, Vote Requirement to Use Cap-and-Trade Revenue Amendment (June 2018) |
$0.00 |
$55,544.09 |
|
| California Proposition 71, Effective Date of Ballot Measures Amendment (June 2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| California Proposition 72, Rainwater Capture Systems Excluded from Property Tax Assessments Amendment (June 2018) |
$84,745.28 |
$0.00 |
|
| Colorado Amendment A, Removal of Exception to Slavery Prohibition for Criminals Amendment (2018) |
$62,638.07 |
$0.00 |
|
| Colorado Amendment V, Reduced Age Qualification for General Assembly Members Amendment (2018) |
$2,632.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Colorado Amendment W, Judge Retention Ballot Language Amendment (2018) |
$2,632.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Colorado Amendment X, Definition of Industrial Hemp Amendment (2018) |
$5,264.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Colorado Amendment Y, Independent Commission for Congressional Redistricting Amendment (2018) |
$6,046,829.15 |
$0.00 |
|
| Colorado Amendment Z, Independent Commission for State Legislative Redistricting Amendment (2018) |
$6,046,829.15 |
$0.00 |
|
| Connecticut Amendment 1, Transportation Revenue Lockbox Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Connecticut Amendment 2, Legislative Requirements to Transfer State Properties Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Florida Amendment 1, Homestead Exemption Increase Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Florida Amendment 10, State and Local Government Structure Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$962,162.27 |
|
| Florida Amendment 11, Repeal Prohibition on Aliens' Property Ownership, Delete Obsolete Provision on High-Speed Rail, and Repeal of Criminal Statutes' Effect on Prosecution Amendment (2018) |
$64,062.00 |
$962,162.27 |
|
| Florida Amendment 12, Lobbying Restrictions Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$962,162.27 |
|
| Florida Amendment 13, Ban on Wagering on Dog Races Amendment (2018) |
$3,382,554.34 |
$1,104,605.77 |
|
| Florida Amendment 2, Permanent Cap on Nonhomestead Parcel Assessment Increases Amendment (2018) |
$11,040,786.50 |
$120,000.00 |
|
| Florida Amendment 5, Two-Thirds Vote of Legislature to Increase Taxes or Fees Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Florida Amendment 6, Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights, Judicial Retirement Age, and Judicial Interpretation of Laws and Rules Amendment (2018) |
$37,252,863.00 |
$962,162.27 |
|
| Florida Amendment 7, First Responder and Military Member Survivor Benefits, Supermajority Board Votes for College Fees, and State College System Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$962,162.27 |
|
| Florida Amendment 9, Ban Offshore Oil and Gas Drilling and Ban Vaping in Enclosed Indoor Workplaces Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$962,162.27 |
|
| Georgia Amendment 1, Portion of Revenue from Outdoor Recreation Equipment Sales Tax Dedicated to Land Conservation Fund Amendment (2018) |
$1,220,536.68 |
$0.00 |
|
| Georgia Amendment 2, Establish a State Business Court Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Georgia Amendment 3, Forest Land Conservation and Timberland Properties Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Georgia Amendment 4, Marsy's Law Crime Victim Rights Amendment (2018) |
$17,460,000.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Georgia Amendment 5, School Sales Tax Referendums Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Georgia Referendum A, Homestead Municipal Property Tax Exemption Measure (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Georgia Referendum B, Include Business-Financed Properties in Existing Non-Profit Mentally Disabled Housing Tax Exemption Measure (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Hawaii Constitutional Convention Question (2018) |
$1,480,000.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Indiana Public Question 1, Balanced Budget Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Kentucky Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights Amendment (2018) |
$10,190,000.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Louisiana Amendment 1, Felons Disqualified to Run for Office for Five Years Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Louisiana Amendment 2, Unanimous Jury Verdict for Felony Trials Amendment (2018) |
$2,151,940.07 |
$0.00 |
|
| Louisiana Amendment 3, Exchange of Public Equipment and Personnel Between Political Subdivisions Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Louisiana Amendment 4, No Dedication of Transportation Trust Fund Revenue to State Police Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Louisiana Amendment 5, Special Assessment for Homes in Trusts Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Louisiana Amendment 6, Phase-In of Tax Increases from Property Reappraisal Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Maine Question 2, Wastewater Infrastructure Bond Issue (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Maine Question 3, Transportation Bond Issue (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Maine Question 4, University of Maine System Bond Issue (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Maine Question 5, Community Colleges Bond Issue (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Maryland Question 1, Gambling Revenue Dedicated to Education Lockbox Amendment (2018) |
$1,193,279.86 |
$0.00 |
|
| Maryland Question 2, Election-Day Voter Registration Amendment (2018) |
$13,175.64 |
$0.00 |
|
| Missouri Amendment 4, Management and Advertisement of Bingo Games Amendment (2018) |
$5,082.10 |
$0.00 |
|
| Missouri Proposition D, Gas Tax Increase, Olympic Prize Tax Exemption, and Traffic Reduction Fund Measure (2018) |
$5,345,407.50 |
$0.00 |
|
| Montana LR-128, Property Tax for State University System Measure (2018) |
$1,636,947.71 |
$3,749.52 |
|
| Montana LR-129, Ballot Collection Measure (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Nevada Question 1, Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Nevada Question 2, Sales Tax Exemption for Feminine Hygiene Products Measure (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| New Hampshire Question 1, Taxpayer Standing to Bring Legal Actions Against Government Amendment (2018) |
$17,564.39 |
$0.00 |
|
| New Hampshire Question 2, Right to Live Free from Governmental Intrusion in Private and Personal Information Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| New Jersey Public Question 1, School Projects Bond (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| New Mexico Bond Question A, Senior Citizen Facilities (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| New Mexico Bond Question B, Public Libraries (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| New Mexico Bond Question C, School Buses (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| New Mexico Bond Question D, Higher Education, Special Schools, and Tribal Schools (2018) |
$331,188.09 |
$0.00 |
|
| New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 1, Judicial Appeal Process Provided by Law Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 2, Independent Ethics Commission Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| North Carolina Income Tax Cap Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$9,266,902.46 |
|
| North Carolina Judicial Selection for Midterm Vacancies Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$9,266,902.46 |
|
| North Carolina Legislative Appointments to Elections Board Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$9,266,902.46 |
|
| North Carolina Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights Amendment (2018) |
$8,047,000.00 |
$9,266,902.46 |
|
| North Carolina Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$9,266,902.46 |
|
| North Carolina Voter ID Amendment (2018) |
$673,500.00 |
$9,266,902.46 |
|
| Ohio Issue 1, Congressional Redistricting Procedures Amendment (May 2018) |
$221,685.95 |
$0.00 |
|
| Oklahoma State Question 794, Marsy's Law Crime Victim Rights Amendment (2018) |
$4,214,350.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Oklahoma State Question 798, Governor and Lieutenant Governor Joint Ticket Amendment (2018) |
$100.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Oklahoma State Question 800, Oil and Gas Development Tax Revenue Investment Fund Amendment (2018) |
$150,100.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Oklahoma State Question 801, Allow Certain Voter-Approved Property Taxes to Fund School District Operations Amendment (2018) |
$100,100.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Oregon Measure 102, Removes Restriction that Affordable Housing Projects Funded by Municipal Bonds be Government Owned (2018) |
$10,317,746.07 |
$0.00 |
|
| Rhode Island Question 1, School Buildings Bond Measure (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Rhode Island Question 2, Higher Education Facilities Bond Measure (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Rhode Island Question 3, Environment, Recreation, and Water Infrastructure Bond Measure (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| South Carolina Amendment 1, Appointed Superintendent of Education Measure (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| South Dakota Constitutional Amendment X, 55% Vote Requirement to Approve Constitutional Amendments Measure (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| South Dakota Constitutional Amendment Y, Changes to Marsy's Law Crime Victim Rights Amendment (June 2018) |
$450,000.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| South Dakota Constitutional Amendment Z, Single-Subject Rule for Constitutional Amendments (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Utah Constitutional Amendment A, Active Military Property Tax Exemption Measure (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Utah Constitutional Amendment B, Tax Exemption for Property Leased by a Government Entity (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Utah Constitutional Amendment C, Changes Related to Special Legislative Sessions and State Revenue Measure (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Utah Nonbinding Opinion Question 1, 10 Cents per Gallon Gas Tax Increase for Education and Local Roads (2018) |
$1,299,964.54 |
$0.00 |
|
| Virginia Question 1, Property Tax Exemption for Flood Abatement Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Virginia Question 2, Remove Restriction on Residence for Surviving Spouse of Disabled Veteran Tax Exemption Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Washington Advisory Vote 19, Non-Binding Question on Oil Spill Tax Repeal (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| West Virginia Amendment 1, No Right to Abortion in Constitution Measure (2018) |
$9,298.50 |
$0.00 |
|
| West Virginia, Amendment 2, Legislative Authority over Budgeting for State Judiciary Amendment (2018) |
$0.00 |
$0.00 |
|
| Wisconsin Question 1, Elimination of State Treasurer Amendment (April 2018) |
$0.00 |
$87,722.97 |
|
Comparison to prior years
In 2016, contributions to ballot measure campaigns exceeded a combined total of $1 billion. The average amount spent on a ballot measure was $6.2 million, with $12.3 million as the average for the 76 citizen-initiated measures and $881,907 as the average for the 86 legislative and automatic referrals.
The table below provides the data for the charts above covering the total and average contributions to ballot measure campaigns from 2016 through 2022:
- Note: The following table sums contributions for each measure. Some PACs supported multiple measures.
| Contributions and average contributions by year[1]
|
| Year |
|
Initiatives |
Referrals |
Total
|
| Average per measure |
$4,302,856.94 |
$460,083.16 |
$1,146,292.76
|
| 2016
|
Total |
$936,000,000.00 |
$76,000,000.00 |
$1,012,000,000.00
|
| Average per measure |
$12,318,977.91 |
$881,907.49 |
$6,246,913.58
|
| 2017
|
Total |
$101,243,242.47 |
$7,520,734.80 |
$108,763,977.27
|
| Average per measure |
$25,310,810.62 |
$326,988.47 |
$4,028,295.45
|
| 2018
|
Total |
$984,133,527.91 |
$201,569,517.77 |
$1,185,703,045.68
|
| Average per measure |
$14,472,551.88 |
$2,036,055.74 |
$7,100,018.24
|
| 2019
|
Total |
$9,317,974.94 |
$18,722,299.14 |
$28,040,274.08
|
| Average per measure |
$4,658,987.47 |
$550,655.86 |
$778,896.50
|
| 2020
|
Total |
$988,404,738.19 |
$281,531,292.72 |
$1,269,936,030.91
|
| Average per measure |
$23,533,446.15 |
$3,235,991.87 |
$9,844,465.36
|
| 2021
|
Total |
$105,470,164.28 |
$1,626,754.58 |
$107,004,044.04
|
| Average per measure |
$26,367,541.07 |
$46,478.70 |
$2,743,693.44
|
| 2022
|
Total |
$1,075,470,522.80 |
$138,543,927.22 |
$1,214,014,450.02
|
| Average per measure |
$35,849,017.43 |
$4,198,300.82 |
$19,272,448.82
|
See also
- ↑ The totals below could contain duplications from campaigns working on multiple ballot measure efforts.
