Arizona's 1st Congressional District election, 2024

	2026 → ← 2022
Arizona's 1st Congressional District
	Democratic primary; Republican primary; General election
Election details
	Filing deadline: April 1, 2024
	Primary: July 30, 2024; General: November 5, 2024
How to vote
	Poll times: 6 a.m. to 7 p.m.; Voting in Arizona
Race ratings
	Cook Political Report: Toss-up; DDHQ and The Hill: Lean Republican; Inside Elections: Tilt Republican; Sabato's Crystal Ball: Lean Republican
Ballotpedia analysis
	U.S. Senate battlegrounds; U.S. House battlegrounds; Federal and state primary competitiveness; Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2024
See also
	Arizona's 1st Congressional District; U.S. Senate • 1st • 2nd • 3rd • 4th • 5th • 6th • 7th • 8th • 9th; Arizona elections, 2024; U.S. Congress elections, 2024; U.S. Senate elections, 2024; U.S. House elections, 2024; Alabama U.S. House racesAlaska U.S. House racesArizona U.S. House racesArkansas U.S. House racesCalifornia U.S. House racesColorado U.S. House racesConnecticut U.S. House racesDelaware U.S. House racesFlorida U.S. House racesGeorgia U.S. House racesHawaii U.S. House racesIdaho U.S. House racesIllinois U.S. House racesIndiana U.S. House racesIowa U.S. House racesKansas U.S. House racesKentucky U.S. House racesLouisiana U.S. House racesMaine U.S. House racesMaryland U.S. House racesMassachusetts U.S. House racesMichigan U.S. House racesMinnesota U.S. House racesMississippi U.S. House racesMissouri U.S. House racesMontana U.S. House racesNebraska U.S. House racesNevada U.S. House racesNew Hampshire U.S. House racesNew Jersey U.S. House racesNew Mexico U.S. House racesNew York U.S. House racesNorth Carolina U.S. House racesNorth Dakota U.S. House racesOhio U.S. House racesOklahoma U.S. House racesOregon U.S. House racesPennsylvania U.S. House racesRhode Island U.S. House racesSouth Carolina U.S. House racesSouth Dakota U.S. House racesTennessee U.S. House racesTexas U.S. House racesUtah U.S. House racesVermont U.S. House racesVirginia U.S. House racesWashington U.S. House racesWest Virginia U.S. House racesWisconsin U.S. House racesWyoming U.S. House racesSubmit

Arizona 2024 elections

U.S. Senate • U.S. House • State executive offices • State Senate • State House • Supreme court • Appellate courts • State ballot measures • Local ballot measures • School boards • Municipal • Recalls • All other local • How to run for office

Incumbent Rep. David Schweikert (R) defeated Amish Shah (D) in the general election for Arizona's 1st Congressional District on Nov. 5, 2024. Click here for detailed results.

Before the election, AP's Kevin Freking wrote, "Schweikert won his suburban Phoenix district by just 3,200 votes in 2022 against a relatively unknown rival who got minimal support from national Democrats. This time, the House Majority PAC, which focuses on electing Democrats, is planning to spend more than $6 million on ads compared to about $4.9 million from the lead Republican group, the Congressional Leadership Fund. Schweikert, serving his seventh term, will face Amish Shah, a physician and former Arizona state representative who emerged recently from a crowded Democratic primary as the winner."^[1]

Following redistricting in Arizona after the 2020 census, Schweikert changed districts from Arizona's 6th Congressional District to Arizona's 1st Congressional District. After the state approved new legislative maps in January 2022, the 1st District changed from a district that voted for former President Donald Trump (R) 51.4%-47.3% in 2020, to a district that would have voted for President Joe Biden (D) 50.1%-48.6%. Schweikert won Arizona's 1st Congressional District election in 2022 50.4%-49.6%.

Four major election forecasters differed in their ratings of the general election, with two rating it a toss-up, one rating it Tilt Republican, and one rating it Lean Republican.

Schweikert was first elected to the U.S. House in 2010. Before running for Congress, Schweikert served in the Arizona House of Representatives, on the Arizona Board of Equalization, and as the Maricopa Country Treasurer. Schweikert earned a bachelor's degree and M.P.A. from Arizona State University and worked for his family's real estate company.^[2]

Schweikert said he would work to lower taxes, create jobs, and stop illegal immigration.^[3] On the economy, Schweikert's campaign website said, "Fighting for policies that strengthen our economy and encourage job creation has always been a top priority of David Schweikert. That’s why he has relentlessly fought in Congress for policies that encourage economic growth. It’s also why he has fought tooth and nail to stop the Biden administration’s job-killing policies from becoming law."^[3]

Before running for Congress, Shah served in the Arizona House of Representatives. Shah earned a B.A. and M.D. from Northwestern University and an M.P.H. from the University of California at Berkeley.^[4] Shah worked as a physician at the Mayo Clinic, Dignity Health, and IASIS Healthcare, as the chief medical officer of Urgent Consult, and as an airway management physician with the New York Jets.^[5]

Shah said he would work to increase access to healthcare, protect democracy, and increase teachers' pay. On his campaign website, Shah said, "I stand for universal health care, including reproductive rights. I'm 100% pro-choice...So stand with me. I stand for all Americans to have comprehensive and high-quality healthcare with ease of access."^[6]

Based on third quarter reports filed with the Federal Election Commission, Schweikert raised $3.8 million and spent $3.5 million and Shah raised $5.5 million and spent $4.7 million. To review all the campaign finance figures in full detail, click here.

Arizona's 1st Congressional District was one of 34 congressional districts with a Republican incumbent or an open seat that the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) targeted in 2024. To read about DCCC targeting initiatives, click here. For a complete list of DCCC targeted districts, click here.

For more information about the primaries in this election, click on the links below:

Candidates and election results

General election

General election for U.S. House Arizona District 1

Incumbent David Schweikert defeated Amish Shah in the general election for U.S. House Arizona District 1 on November 5, 2024.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	David Schweikert (R)	51.9	225,538
	Amish Shah (D)	48.1	208,966

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 434,504
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Sarah Wharton (Independent)
Bryce Beckstrom (Independent)

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Arizona District 1

The following candidates ran in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Arizona District 1 on July 30, 2024.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Amish Shah	23.5	17,214
	Andrei Cherny	21.3	15,596
	Marlene Galán-Woods	21.2	15,490
	Conor O'Callaghan	18.5	13,539
	Andrew Horne	12.3	8,991
	Kurt Kroemer	3.2	2,356

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 73,186
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Arizona District 1

Incumbent David Schweikert defeated Kimberly George and Robert Backie in the Republican primary for U.S. House Arizona District 1 on July 30, 2024.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	David Schweikert	62.7	62,811
	Kimberly George	27.5	27,587
	Robert Backie	9.8	9,854

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 100,252
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Paul Burton (R)
Reina Patocs (R)

Libertarian primary election

No Libertarian candidates ran in the primary.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Michelle Martin (L)

Voting information

See also: Voting in Arizona

Ballotpedia will publish the dates and deadlines related to this election as they are made available.

Candidate comparison

Candidate profiles

This section includes candidate profiles that may be created in one of two ways: either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey, or Ballotpedia staff may compile a profile based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements after identifying the candidate as noteworthy. For more on how we select candidates to include, click here.

David Schweikert

Party: Republican Party

Incumbent: Yes

Political Office:

U.S. House of Representatives (Assumed office: 2011)
Maricopa County Treasurer (2004-2006)
Arizona State Board of Equalization (1995-2003)
Arizona House of Representatives (1991-1995)

Biography: Schweikert received a bachelor's degree and M.B.A. from Arizona State University. Before running for public office, Schweikert worked for his family's real estate company.

Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.

On the economy, Schweikert's campaign website said, "Fighting for policies that strengthen our economy and encourage job creation has always been a top priority of David Schweikert. That’s why he has relentlessly fought in Congress for policies that encourage economic growth. It’s also why he has fought tooth and nail to stop the Biden administration’s job-killing policies from becoming law."

On taxes, Schweikert's campaign website said, "As a member of the Ways and Means committee responsible for tax policy, David took the lead in ensuring the historic tax cuts in 2017 became law. He also has helped lead the fight this year to stop Joe Biden and his leftist allies in Congress from increasing taxes."

On immigration, Schweikert's campaign website said, "In Congress, David Schweikert has always fought to secure Arizona’s border and stop illegal immigration. David was a strong supporter of President Trump’s border wall. He has also worked tirelessly to stop left-wing proposals to open our border and give amnesty to illegal immigrants."

Show sources

Sources: David Schweikert 2024 campaign website, "Where David Stands on the Issues," accessed August 26, 2024; Congressman David Schweikert Arizona's 1st District, "Official Biography," accessed August 26, 2024

This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Arizona District 1 in 2024.

Amish Shah

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: No

Political Office:

Arizona House of Representatives (2019-2024)

Biography: Shah received a bachelor's degree and M.D. from Northwestern University and an M.P.H. fron the University of California at Berkeley. He worked as a physician at the Mayo Clinic, Dignity Health, and IASIS Healthcare, as the chief medical officer of Urgent Consult, and as an airway management physician with the New York Jets.

Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.

On healthcare, Shah said, "I stand for universal health care, including reproductive rights. I'm 100% pro-choice...I stand for all Americans to have comprehensive and high-quality healthcare with ease of access."

On education, Shah's campaign website said, "Arizona ranks near last in the country in teacher pay. We rank very low in spending per child. ... Without proper education, we cannot maintain a thriving democracy nor a robust economy ... As a former medical school faculty member, I stand proudly with Arizona’s educators and will demand that we fund the entire system to give every kid a great shot."

On democracy, Shah said, "Some even attempt to pass laws to create obstacles to voting. I believe this undermines our democracy. I have voted against every one of these bills in the State House and will continue to defend the integrity of our electoral process in Congress."

Show sources

Sources: Amish Shah 2024 campaign website, "Home," accessed August 26, 2024; Linkedin, "Amish Shah," accessed August 26, 2024;Arizona State Legislature, "Amish Shah," accessed August 26, 2024;Amish Shah Campaign Website, "About," accessed August 26, 2024

This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Arizona District 1 in 2024.

Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses

Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.

No candidate in this race completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey.

Campaign ads

David Schweikert

Ballotpedia did not come across any campaign ads for David Schweikert while conducting research on this election. If you are aware of any ads that should be included, please email us.

Amish Shah

Election competitiveness

Polls

See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls

Polls are conducted with a variety of methodologies and have margins of error or credibility intervals.^[7] The Pew Research Center wrote, "A margin of error of plus or minus 3 percentage points at the 95% confidence level means that if we fielded the same survey 100 times, we would expect the result to be within 3 percentage points of the true population value 95 of those times."^[8] For tips on reading polls from FiveThirtyEight, click here. For tips from Pew, click here.

The links below show polls for this race aggregated by FiveThirtyEight and RealClearPolitics, where available. Click here to read about FiveThirtyEight's criteria for including polls in its aggregation.

FiveThirtyEight

Race ratings

See also: Race rating definitions and methods

Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:

Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.^[9]
Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.

Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.^[10]^[11]^[12]

Race ratings: Arizona's 1st Congressional District election, 2024
Race tracker	Race ratings
	November 5, 2024	October 29, 2024	October 22, 2024	October 15, 2024
The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter	Toss-up	Toss-up	Toss-up	Toss-up
Decision Desk HQ and The Hill	Lean Republican	Lean Republican	Lean Republican	Lean Republican
Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales	Tilt Republican	Tilt Republican	Tilt Republican	Tilt Republican
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball	Lean Republican	Toss-up	Toss-up	Toss-up
Note: Ballotpedia reviews external race ratings every week throughout the election season and posts weekly updates even if the media outlets have not revised their ratings during that week.

Endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

Click the links below to see official endorsement lists published on candidate campaign websites for any candidates that make that information available. If you are aware of a website that should be included, please email us.

Amish Shah

Election spending

Campaign finance

This section contains campaign finance figures from the Federal Election Commission covering all candidate fundraising and spending in this election.^[13] It does not include information on fundraising before the current campaign cycle or on spending by satellite groups. The numbers in this section are updated as candidates file new campaign finance reports. Candidates for Congress are required to file financial reports on a quarterly basis, as well as two weeks before any primary, runoff, or general election in which they will be on the ballot and upon the termination of any campaign committees.^[14] Click here to view the reporting schedule for candidates for U.S. Congress in 2022.

U.S. Congress campaign reporting schedule, 2022
Report	Close of books	Filing deadline
Year-end 2021	12/31/2021	1/31/2022
April quarterly	3/31/2022	4/15/2022
July quarterly	6/30/2022	7/15/2022
October quarterly	9/30/2022	10/15/2022
Pre-general	10/19/2022	10/27/2022
Post-general	11/28/2022	12/08/2022
Year-end 2022	12/31/2022	1/31/2023

Name

Party

Receipts*

Disbursements**

Cash on hand

Date

David Schweikert

Republican Party

$4,213,495

$4,216,608

$49,824

As of December 31, 2024

Amish Shah

Democratic Party

$6,343,150

$6,252,020

$91,802

As of December 31, 2024

Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2024. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).

* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee."
** According to the FEC, a disbursement "is a purchase, payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit or gift of money or anything of value to influence a federal election," plus other kinds of payments not made to influence a federal election.

Satellite spending

See also: Satellite spending

Satellite spending describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.^[15]^[16]

If available, satellite spending reports by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and OpenSecrets.org are linked below. FEC links include totals from monthly, quarterly, and semi-annual reports. OpenSecrets.org compiles data from those reports as well as 24- and 48-hour reports from the FEC.^[17]

Details about satellite spending of significant amounts and/or reported by media are included below those links. The amounts listed may not represent the total satellite spending in the election. To notify us of additional satellite spending, email us.

By candidate	By election
David Schweikert Amish Shah	Open Secrets Federal Election Commission

District analysis

Click the tabs below to view information about voter composition, past elections, and demographics in both the district and the state.

District map - A map of the district in place for the election.
Competitiveness - Information about the competitiveness of 2024 U.S. House elections in the state.
Presidential elections - Information about presidential elections in the district and the state.
State party control - The partisan makeup of the state's congressional delegation and state government.

District map

Competitiveness
Presidential elections

State party control

Below was the map in use at the time of the election. Click the map below to enlarge it.

See also: Primary election competitiveness in state and federal government, 2024

This section contains data on U.S. House primary election competitiveness in Arizona.

Arizona U.S. House competitiveness, 2014-2024
Year	Districts/ offices	Seats	Open seats	Candidates	Possible primaries	Contested Democratic primaries	Contested Republican primaries	% of contested primaries	Incumbents in contested primaries	% of incumbents in contested primaries
2024	9	9	2	38	18	2	6	44.4%	3	42.9%
2022	9	9	1	40	18	2	7	50.0%	3	37.5%
2020	9	9	0	34	18	6	4	55.6%	3	33.3%
2018	9	9	2	38	18	5	5	55.6%	2	28.6%
2016	9	9	2	31	18	4	7	61.1%	3	42.9%
2014	9	9	1	25	18	1	4	27.8%	1	12.5%

Post-filing deadline analysis

The following analysis covers all U.S. House districts up for election in Arizona in 2024. Information below was calculated on May 26, 2024, and may differ from information shown in the table above due to candidate replacements and withdrawals after that time.

Thirty-eight candidates ran for Arizona’s nine U.S. House districts, including 16 Democrats and 22 Republicans. That’s 4.22 candidates per district. There were 4.33 candidates per district in 2022, 4.22 candidates per district in 2020, and 4.11 in 2018.

The 3rd and 8th Congressional Districts were open in 2024. Rep. Ruben Gallego (D-03) ran for the U.S. Senate, and Rep. Debbie Lesko (R-08) ran for the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors.

Nine candidates—six Democrats and three Republicans—ran for the 1st Congressional District, the most candidates who ran for a seat in Arizona in 2024.

Eight primaries—two Democratic and six Republican—were contested in 2024. That's the fewest since 2014, when five primaries were contested.

Three incumbents—all Republicans—were in contested primaries in 2024.

Candidates filed to run in the Republican and Democratic primaries in all nine districts, meaning no seats were guaranteed to either party.

Partisan Voter Index

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index

Heading into the 2024 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+2. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 2 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Arizona's 1st the 214th most Republican district nationally.^[18]

2020 presidential election results

The table below shows what the vote in the 2020 presidential election would have been in this district. The presidential election data was compiled by Daily Kos.

2020 presidential results in Arizona's 1st based on 2024 district lines
Joe Biden	Donald Trump
50.1%	48.6%

Inside Elections Baselines

See also: Inside Elections

Inside Elections' Baseline is a figure that analyzes all federal and statewide election results from the district over the past four election cycles. The results are combined in an index estimating the strength of a typical Democratic or Republican candidate in the congressional district.^[19] The table below displays the Baseline data for this district.

Inside Elections Baseline for 2024
Democratic Baseline	Republican Baseline	Difference
48.2	51.0	R+2.8

Presidential voting history

See also: Presidential election in Arizona, 2020

Arizona presidential election results (1900-2020)

9 Democratic wins
19 Republican wins

Year	1900	1904	1908	1912	1916	1920	1924	1928	1932	1936	1940	1944	1948	1952	1956	1960	1964	1968	1972	1976	1980	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020
Winning Party	N/A	N/A	N/A	D	D	R	R	R	D	D	D	D	D	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	D	R	R	R	R	R	D

See also: Party control of Arizona state government

Congressional delegation

The table below displays the partisan composition of Arizona's congressional delegation as of May 2024.

Congressional Partisan Breakdown from Arizona
Party	U.S. Senate	U.S. House	Total
Democratic	2	2	4
Republican	0	6	6
Independent	0	0	0
Vacancies	0	1	1
Total	2	9	11

State executive

The table below displays the officeholders in Arizona's top three state executive offices as of May 2024.

State executive officials in Arizona, May 2024
Office	Officeholder
Governor	Katie Hobbs
Secretary of State	Adrian Fontes
Attorney General	Kris Mayes

State legislature

Arizona State Senate

Party		As of February 2024
	Democratic Party	14
	Republican Party	16
	Other	0
	Vacancies	0
Total		30

Arizona House of Representatives

Party		As of February 2024
	Democratic Party	28
	Republican Party	31
	Other	0
	Vacancies	1
Total		60

Trifecta control

The table below shows the state's trifecta status from 1992 until the 2024 election.

Arizona Party Control: 1992-2024
No Democratic trifectas • Twenty-two years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year	92	93	94	95	96	97	98	99	00	01	02	03	04	05	06	07	08	09	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24
Governor	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	D	D	D	D	D	D	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	D	D
Senate	D	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	S	S	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R
House	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R

Election context

Ballot access

The table below details filing requirements for U.S. House candidates in Arizona in the 2024 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Arizona, click here.

Filing requirements for U.S. House candidates, 2024
State	Office	Party	Signatures required	Filing fee	Filing deadline	Source
Arizona	U.S. House	Democratic	1,458^[20]	N/A	4/1/2024	Source
Arizona	U.S. House	Republican	1,572^[20]	N/A	4/1/2024	Source
Arizona	U.S. House	Libertarian	802^[20]	N/A	4/1/2024	Source
Arizona	U.S. House	Unaffiliated	4,701^[20]	N/A	4/1/2024	Source

District history

The section below details election results for this office in elections dating back to 2018.