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Michael Capuano

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Michael Capuano
Image of Michael Capuano
Prior offices
Mayor Somerville, Massachusetts

U.S. House Massachusetts District 7
Successor: Ayanna Pressley

Compensation

Net worth

(2012) $1,612,018

Elections and appointments
Last election

September 4, 2018

Education

High school

Somerville High School, 1969

Bachelor's

Dartmouth College, 1973

Law

Boston College, 1977

Personal
Profession
Attorney, union leader
Contact

Michael Capuano (Democratic Party) was a member of the U.S. House, representing Massachusetts' 7th Congressional District. He assumed office on January 3, 1999. He left office on January 3, 2019.

Capuano (Democratic Party) ran for re-election to the U.S. House to represent Massachusetts' 7th Congressional District. He lost in the Democratic primary on September 4, 2018.

Capuano was first elected to the House in 1998 for Massachusetts' 8th Congressional District, but due to redistricting won re-election in District 7 on November 6, 2012.

Prior to his congressional career, Capuano served on the Somerville Board of Aldermen, as the chief legal counsel for the Massachusetts General Court Joint Committee on Taxation as well as the mayor of Sommerville, Massachusetts.[1]

Biography

Born in Somerville, MA, Capuano attended Somerville High School and graduated in 1969. He earned an A.B. degree from Dartmouth College in 1973 and in 1977 received a law degree from Boston College.[2]

Career

Below is an abbreviated outline of Capuano's academic, professional, and political career:[2]

Committee assignments

U.S. House

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Capuano was assigned to the following committees:[3]

2015-2016

Capuano served on the following committees:[4]

2013-2014

Capuano served on the following committees:[5][6]

2011-2012

Capuano served on the following committees and subcommittees:[7]

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018

For detailed information about each vote, click here.

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Issues

Presidential preference

2016 presidential endorsement

✓ Capuano endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic primary in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[112]

See also: Endorsements for Hillary Clinton

National security

American response in Syria

See also: United States involvement in Syria

More than 100 House lawmakers signed a letter urging President Barack Obama to call Congress back into session if he planned to use military force in Syria.[113]

Rep. Scott Rigell wrote in the letter in August 2013, “Engaging our military in Syria when no direct threat to the United States exists and without prior congressional authorization would violate the separation of powers that is clearly delineated in the Constitution.”[113][114]

The members of Congress believed that Obama should have asked Congress for permission before engaging in Libya. The letter asked, “If the use of 221 Tomahawk cruise missles, [sic] 704 Joint Direct Attack Munitions, and 42 Predator Hellfire missiles expended in Libya does not constitute ‘hostilities,’ what does?”[114]

The letter stated, “If you deem that military action in Syria is necessary, Congress can reconvene at your request. We stand ready to come back into session, consider the facts before us, and share the burden of decisions made regarding U.S. involvement in the quickly escalating Syrian conflict."[114]

A total of 98 Republicans signed the letter. Capuano was one of 18 Democratic members to sign the letter.[114]

Elections

2018

See also: Massachusetts' 7th Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House Massachusetts District 7

Ayanna Pressley won election in the general election for U.S. House Massachusetts District 7 on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Ayanna Pressley
Ayanna Pressley (D)
 
98.3
 
216,559
 Other/Write-in votes
 
1.7
 
3,852

Total votes: 220,411
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Massachusetts District 7

Ayanna Pressley defeated incumbent Michael Capuano in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Massachusetts District 7 on September 4, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Ayanna Pressley
Ayanna Pressley
 
58.6
 
60,046
Image of Michael Capuano
Michael Capuano
 
41.4
 
42,430

Total votes: 102,476
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

2016

See also: Massachusetts' 7th Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Democratic. Incumbent Michael Capuano (D) was the only candidate to file in the district. Because of this, Capuano won re-election by default in the November 8, 2016 general election.[115][116]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Capuano Incumbent 98.6% 253,354
     N/A Write-in 1.4% 3,557
Total Votes 256,911
Source: Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth

2014

See also: Massachusetts' 7th Congressional District elections, 2014 and Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 2014

After seriously considering a bid to replace retiring incumbent Deval Patrick as Governor of Massachusetts in the 2014 election, Capuano announced September 27, 2013, that he had decided against entering the race, and would instead run for re-election to the U.S. House, representing the 7th Congressional District of Massachusetts.[117][118][119] He won the Democratic nomination in the primary election unopposed.[120] He also ran unopposed in the general election on November 4, 2014, retaining his seat.

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngMike Capuano Incumbent 80.7% 142,133
     Write-in Other 1.4% 2,413
     Blank None 17.9% 31,531
Total Votes 176,077
Source: Massachusetts Secretary of State Official Results

2012

See also: Redistricting in Massachusetts and United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 2012

Capuano ran for re-election in 2012. He was redistricted and sought re-election in the 7th Congressional District of Massachusetts. He faced no opposition in the Democratic primary.[121]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 2012
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Capuano Incumbent 73.9% 210,794
     Independent Karla Romero 14.4% 41,199
     N/A All Others 0.3% 843
     N/A Blank Votes 11.3% 32,298
Total Votes 285,134
Source: Massachusetts Secretary of State "Return of Votes"

Endorsements

Capuano was endorsed by the organizations below for the 2012 election.[122]

  • Boston Carmen's Union Local 589 of the Amalgamated Transit Union
  • American Federation of Teachers Massachusetts
  • Boston Teachers Union
  • Boston Metro Area Local 100 of American Postal Workers Union
  • Sierra Club of Massachusetts
  • Massachusetts AFL-CIO

Full history


Campaign themes

2012

On his campaign website, Capuano listed twelve issues. They were:[130]

  • Civil Liberties and Human Rights

Excerpt: "He believes we must remain a government of laws. The American Civil Liberties Union of Massachusetts has honored him with their Champion of the Constitution award."

  • Economy

Excerpt: "Mike has been deeply involved in efforts to stabilize our nation's economy as a member of the House Committee on Financial Services."

  • Education

Excerpt: "Mike believes that the federal government should adequately fund education in our cities and towns, and that it honors its legislative mandates by providing requisite resources to meet them — including proper funding for students with disabilities."

  • Energy and the Environment

Excerpt:"Mike Capuano strongly believes that we must address climate change before it is too late."

  • Ethics

Excerpt: "Mike has worked to increase the transparency of government and accountability of elected officials, both as a Mayor and as a Member of Congress."

  • Healthcare

Excerpt: "Mike has worked tirelessly to help Massachusetts retain its preeminence in health care education and innovation during his six terms in Congress."

  • Iraq and Afghanistan

Excerpt: "Mike voted against the Congressional Resolution authorizing the use of force in Iraq in October 2002; and has been an outspoken critic of that war. Mike remains gravely concerned about the conduct and the prospects of our operations in Afghanistan, and about the future of neighboring Pakistan."

  • Middle East

Excerpt: "Mike Capuano is deeply committed to the state of Israel, a staunch ally of the United States and a country that shares our democratic values."

  • Rights of Women

Excerpt: "Congressman Mike Capuano has always been an effective advocate for advancing women's rights, and sensitive to issues of concern to women."

  • Sudan

Excerpt: "In 2002 the Boston Anti-Slavery Group brought a victim of slavery from Sudan into Mike’s office. Upon hearing his story, Mike was compelled to act and brought a resolution condemning slavery in Sudan to the floor, where it passed unanimously on July 16, 2003."

  • Transportation

Excerpt: "As the only member of the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee from Massachusetts, Mike was instrumental in securing $3.658 billion in funding over 6 years during the last reauthorization for Massachusetts’s highways and bridges, and $1.576 billion over the same time period for transit projects. This investment in our critical infrastructure needs totaled $5.23 billion, and was a 25 percent increase over the previous multi-year transportation bill."

  • Veterans' Affairs

Excerpt: "Mike Capuano is an outspoken and passionate supporter of our country’s veterans and their families."[130]

Campaign finance summary


Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.


Michael Capuano campaign contribution history
YearOfficeStatusContributionsExpenditures
2018U.S. House Massachusetts District 7Lost primary$2,004,324 $2,761,746
2016U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7Won $747,486 N/A**
2014U.S. House (Massachusetts, District 7)Won $870,554 N/A**
2012U.S. House Massachusetts District 7Won $909,487 N/A**
2010U.S. House Massachusetts District 8Won $3,699,635 N/A**
2008U.S. House Massachusetts District 8Won $1,087,336 N/A**
2006U.S. House Massachusetts District 8Won $836,728 N/A**
2004U.S. House Massachusetts District 8Won $839,302 N/A**
2002U.S. House Massachusetts District 8Won $753,404 N/A**
2000U.S. House Massachusetts District 8Won $648,196 N/A**
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only available data.

Personal Gain Index

Congressional Personal Gain Index graphic.png
See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Change in net worth

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives
Net Worth Metric graphic.png

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Capuano's net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $507,039 and $2,716,997. That averages to $1,612,018, which is lower than the average net worth of Democratic representatives in 2012 of $5,700,168.36. Capuano ranked as the 169th most wealthy representative in 2012.[131] Between 2004 and 2012, Capuano's calculated net worth[132] percentage increase was not meaningful for this candidate. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.[133]


Michael Capuano Yearly Net Worth
YearAverage Net Worth
2004$1,670,014
2012$1,612,018
Growth from 2004 to 2012:−3%
Average annual growth:−0%[134]
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.[135]

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). Capuano received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Real Estate industry.

From 1997-2014, 25.59 percent of Capuano's career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.[136]

Donation Concentration Metric graphic.png
Michael Capuano Campaign Contributions
Total Raised $9,986,101
Total Spent $8,343,502
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Real Estate$717,500
Lawyers/Law Firms$708,497
Insurance$471,075
Securities & Investment$337,250
Transportation Unions$321,500
% total in top industry7.18%
% total in top two industries14.28%
% total in top five industries25.59%

Analysis

Ideology and leadership

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Capuano was a "rank-and-file Democrat," as of August 4, 2014. This was the same rating Capuano received in June 2013.[137]

Like-minded colleagues

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.[138]

Capuano most often voted with:

Capuano least often voted with:


National Journal vote ratings

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year, National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted, as compared to other members, in the previous year. More information about the analysis process can be found on the vote ratings page.

2013

Capuano ranked 69th in the liberal rankings in 2013.[139]

2012

Capuano ranked 22nd in the liberal rankings in 2012.[140]

2011

Capuano was 1 of 19 members of congress who ranked 1st in the liberal rankings in 2011.[141]

Voting with party

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014

Capuano voted with the Democratic Party 93.4 percent of the time, which ranked 95th among the 204 House Democratic members as of August 2014.[142]

2013

Capuano voted with the Democratic Party 91.9 percent of the time, which ranked 132nd among the 201 House Democratic members as of June 2013.[143]

Lifetime missed votes

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Capuano missed 510 of 11,534 roll call votes from January 1999 to September 2015. This amounted to 4.4 percent, which was higher than the median of 2.2 percent among representatives as of September 2015.[144]

Congressional staff salaries

See also: Staff salaries of United States Senators and Representatives

The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Capuano paid his congressional staff a total of $1,182,086 in 2011. He ranked 14th on the list of the highest paid Democratic representative staff salaries and ranked 17th overall of the highest paid representative staff salaries in 2011. Overall, Massachusetts ranked 2nd in average salary for representative staff. The average U.S. House of Representatives congressional staff was paid $954,912.20 in fiscal year 2011.[145]

Staff bonuses

According to an analysis by CNN, Capuano was one of nearly 25 percent of House members who gave their staff bonuses in 2012. Capuano's staff was given an apparent $69,100.00 in bonus money.[146]

2016 Democratic National Convention

Personal

Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.
Capuano and his wife, Barbara, have two children.

See also

External links

 


Footnotes

  1. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cap1cong
  2. 2.0 2.1 Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, "Mike Capuano," accessed September 25, 2013
  3. U.S. House Clerk, "Official Alphabetical List of the House of Representatives of the United States One Hundred Fifteenth Congress," accessed February 2, 2017
  4. U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, "Committee Information," accessed February 18, 2015
  5. CQ.com, "House Committee Rosters for the 113th Congress," accessed March 3, 2013
  6. U.S. House of Representatives, "Committee assignments," accessed March 31, 2014
  7. Official House Website, "Committees and Caucuses," accessed August 31, 2011
  8. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed December 13, 2018
  9. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 284," June 21, 2018
  10. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 282," June 21, 2018
  11. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed March 12, 2019
  12. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 549," October 3, 2017
  13. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 344," June 29, 2017
  14. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 342," June 29, 2017
  15. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 256," May 4, 2017
  16. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 405," September 26, 2018
  17. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 399," September 13, 2018
  18. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 313," June 28, 2018
  19. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 257," June 8, 2018
  20. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 216," May 22, 2018
  21. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 127," March 22, 2018
  22. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 69," February 9, 2018
  23. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 60," February 6, 2018
  24. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 44," January 22, 2018
  25. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 33," January 18, 2018
  26. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 708," December 21, 2017
  27. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 692," December 19, 2017
  28. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 670," December 7, 2017
  29. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 637," November 16, 2017
  30. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 589," October 26, 2017
  31. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 557," October 5, 2017
  32. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 528," September 14, 2017
  33. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 480," September 8, 2017
  34. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 441," September 6, 2017
  35. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 299," June 8, 2017
  36. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 249," May 3, 2017
  37. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 230," May 24, 2018
  38. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 49," January 30, 2018
  39. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 631," November 14, 2017
  40. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 435," July 27, 2017
  41. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 413," July 25, 2017
  42. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 437," July 28, 2017
  43. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 407," July 24, 2017
  44. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 378," July 14, 2017
  45. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 136," March 8, 2017
  46. Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015
  47. Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017
  48. Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015
  49. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 361," June 12, 2015
  50. Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015
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  53. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 374," June 18, 2015
  54. Politico, "Trade turnaround: House backs new power for Obama," June 18, 2015
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  56. The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015
  57. Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015
  58. Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015
  59. The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015
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  69. Congress.gov, "H.R.1191 - Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015," accessed May 16, 2015
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  100. Time.com, "King Farm Bill Amendment Angers Animal Advocates," accessed September 18, 2013
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  107. Project Vote Smart, "Representative Mike Capuano's Voting Records on Immigration," accessed September 25, 2013
  108. Project Vote Smart, "Representative Mike Capuano's Voting Records on Issue: Health and Healthcare," accessed September 25, 2013
  109. Project Vote Smart, "Capuano's votes on abortion," accessed September 25, 2013
  110. 110.0 110.1 Mike Capuano Campaign site, "Bio," accessed September 1, 2011
  111. U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote on the Fiscal Cliff," accessed January 4, 2013
  112. Boston Globe, "Hillary Clinton releases list of 190 Mass. endorsements," December 7, 2015
  113. 113.0 113.1 Yahoo, "65 Lawmakers Ask Obama to Consult on Syria," accessed August 28, 2013
  114. 114.0 114.1 114.2 114.3 Politico, "33 lawmakers: Congress must approve Syria action," accessed August 28, 2013
  115. Massachusetts Secretary of State, "DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATES FOR NOMINATION," accessed June 15, 2016
  116. Massachusetts Secretary of State, "REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES FOR NOMINATION," accessed June 15, 2016
  117. The Boston Globe, "US Rep. Capuano to run for re-election, not governor," accessed September 26, 2013
  118. Boston Globe, "Murray adds to the buzz over 2014 governor’s race," accessed November 15, 2012
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  120. Politico, "2014 Massachusetts House Primaries Results," accessed September 9, 2014
  121. Boston Herald, "Redistricting throws U.S. Reps. Keating, Lynch into likely faceoff," accessed January 22, 2012
  122. Mike Capuano's Campaign Website, "Endorsements," accessed October 4, 2012)
  123. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
  124. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013
  125. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013
  126. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013
  127. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002," accessed March 28, 2013
  128. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2000," accessed March 28, 2013
  129. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998," accessed March 28, 2013
  130. 130.0 130.1 Mike Capuano for Congress, "Issues," accessed August 14, 2012
  131. OpenSecrets, "Capuano (D-MA), 2012," accessed February 18, 2014
  132. This figure represents the total percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or the member's first year in office (as noted in the chart below).
  133. This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.
  134. This figure represents the total percentage growth divided by the number of years for which there are net worth figures for each member.
  135. This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.
  136. OpenSecrets.org, "Rep. Michael E. Capuano," accessed September 24, 2014
  137. GovTrack, "Michael Capuano," accessed August 4, 2014
  138. OpenCongress, "Michael Capuano," archived February 28, 2016
  139. National Journal, "2013 Congressional Vote Ratings," accessed August 4, 2014
  140. National Journal, "TABLE: House Liberal Scores by Issue Area," accessed February 26, 2013
  141. National Journal, "Searchable Vote Ratings Tables: House," accessed February 23, 2012
  142. OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
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  144. GovTrack, "Michael Capuano" accessed October 19, 2015
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  148. Five Thirty Eight, “The Endorsement Primary,” June 7, 2016
  149. To find out which candidate a superdelegate supported, Ballotpedia sought out public statements from the superdelegate in other media outlets and on social media. If we were unable to find a public statement that clearly articulated which candidate the superdelegate supported at the national convention, we listed that superdelegate as "unknown." If you believe we made an error in identifying which candidate a superdelegate supported, please email us at editor@ballotpedia.org.
  150. Congressional Research Service, "The Presidential Nominating Process and the National Party Conventions, 2016: Frequently Asked Questions," December 30, 2015
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Political offices
Preceded by
Ed Markey
U.S. House of Representatives - Massachusetts District 7
2013-2019
Succeeded by
Ayanna Pressley
Preceded by
Joseph Kennedy II
U.S. House of Representatives - Massachusetts District 8
1999-2013
Succeeded by
Stephen Lynch


Senators
Representatives
District 1
District 2
District 3
District 4
District 5
District 6
District 7
District 8
District 9
Democratic Party (11)