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2024 ballot measures

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As of February 22, 2026, 40 statewide ballot measures have been certified for the ballot in 20 states for elections in 2024.

From 2010 to 2022, the average number of statewide ballot measures in an even-numbered year was 161.

Trends in 2024

Types of ballot measures

From 2010 to 2022, an average of 161 statewide ballot measures — 53 initiated measures and 108 referred measures — appeared on ballots in even-numbered years. An initiated measure is a proposed law that people collect signatures for to put on the ballot. A referred measure is a proposed law that a legislature or commission, or constitutional provision in the case of automatic referrals, puts on the ballot for voters to decide.

Type 2024 2022 2020 2018 2016 2014 2012 2010 Average
(2010-2022)
Initiated ballot measures 57 30 43 68 76 40 61 50
53
Initiated constitutional amendments[1] 23 11 15 26 25 8 19 17
17
Initiated state statutes 32 17 25 37 46 27 29 29
30
Veto referendums 2 2 4 5 5 5 13 5
6
Referred ballot measures 102 110 86 99 86 118 125 134
108
Legislative constitutional amendment 73 89 69 66 69 91 98 106
84
Legislative state statute 12 8 6 9 2 5 8 8
7
Commission-referred measure 0 0 0 7 0 1 0 0
1
Automatically referred measure 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 4
2
Bond issues 13 7 6 14 11 15 14 15
12
Advisory question 3 3 4 2 3 5 2 1
3
Total: 159 140 129 167 162 158 186 184
161

By state

Arizona

See also: Arizona 2024 ballot measures
Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

LRCA

Proposition 133 Require partisan primary elections for partisan offices and prohibit primary elections where all candidates, regardless of political party affiliation, run in the same primary election, such as top-two, top-four, and top-five primaries

Defeated

1,286,640 (42%)

1,763,711 (58%)

LRCA

Proposition 134 Create a signature distribution requirement for citizen-initiated ballot measures based on state legislative districts

Defeated

1,279,574 (42%)

1,768,613 (58%)

LRCA

Proposition 135 Allow the legislature to terminate a state of emergency or change the emergency powers granted to the governor during a state of emergency

Defeated

1,328,402 (44%)

1,720,849 (56%)

LRCA

Proposition 136 Provide for challenges to an initiative measure or constitutional amendment after the filing of the measure with the secretary of state

Defeated

1,151,823 (38%)

1,871,364 (62%)

LRCA

Proposition 137 End term limits for state supreme court justices and superior court judges, replacing them with terms of good behavior, unless decided otherwise by a judicial review commission, and would end retention elections at the end of the judicial term, providing for retention elections under certain circumstances

Defeated

679,824 (22%)

2,364,888 (78%)

LRCA

Proposition 138 Allow for tipped workers to be paid 25% less per hour than the minimum wage provided that the worker's total compensation was not less than the minimum wage plus $2

Defeated

792,557 (25%)

2,348,023 (75%)

CICA

Proposition 139 Provide for a state constitutional right to abortion

Approveda

2,000,287 (62%)

1,246,202 (38%)

CICA

Proposition 140 Require primaries in which candidates, regardless of partisan affiliation, appear on a single ballot and a certain number advance to the general election, and require general election candidates to receive a majority of votes

Defeated

1,284,176 (41%)

1,823,445 (59%)

LRSS

Proposition 311 Establish a $20 fee on every conviction for a criminal offense, which would go to pay a benefit of $250,000 to the family of a first responder who is killed in the line of duty

Approveda

2,016,450 (64%)

1,126,070 (36%)

LRSS

Proposition 312 Allow for property owners to apply for a property tax refund in certain circumstances, including in instances if the city or locality in which the property is located does not enforce laws regarding illegal camping, loitering, obstructing public thoroughfares, panhandling, public urination or defecation, public consumption of alcoholic beverages, and possession or use of illegal substances

Approveda

1,804,728 (59%)

1,274,031 (41%)

LRSS

Proposition 313 Require that anyone convicted of child sex trafficking must receive a sentence of life imprisonment

Approveda

2,025,608 (65%)

1,112,951 (35%)

LRSS

Proposition 314 Provide for several changes to criminal and immigration law, including allowing police to arrest noncitizens who enter Arizona from foreign countries at locations other than official ports

Approveda

1,949,529 (63%)

1,165,237 (37%)

LRSS

Proposition 315 Prohibit a proposed rule from becoming effective if that rule is estimated to increase regulatory costs by more than $500,000 within five years after implementation, until the legislature enacts legislation ratifying the proposed rule

Defeated

1,383,303 (47%)

1,579,549 (53%)


Arkansas

See also: Arkansas 2024 ballot measures
Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

LRCA

Issue 1 Allow state lottery proceeds to fund scholarships and grants for vocational-technical schools and technical institutes

Approveda

1,029,102 (90%)

119,527 (10%)

CICA

Issue 2 Repeal the authorization for a casino license in Pope County and require countywide voter approval for any new casino licenses

Approveda

638,655 (56%)

505,772 (44%)


California

See also: California 2024 ballot propositions

March 5:

Type Title Subject Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

LRSS

Proposition 1 Housing; Healthcare facility; Healthcare governance; Bonds; Spending Change the Mental Health Services Act to Behavioral Health Services Act and issue bonds for veteran housing and housing for homeless persons

Approveda

3,636,678 (50%)

3,610,436 (50%)


November 5:

Type Title Subject Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

BI

Proposition 2 Higher education funding; Public education funding; Bonds Issue $10 billion in bonds to fund construction and modernization of public education facilities

Approveda

8,820,842 (59%)

6,207,390 (41%)

CISS

Proposition 32 Minimum wage Increase the state's minimum wage to $18 per hour

Defeated

7,469,803 (49%)

7,686,126 (51%)

CISS

Proposition 33 Rent Repeals Costa Hawkins Rental Housing Act

Defeated

5,979,880 (40%)

8,975,542 (60%)

CISS

Proposition 34 Business; Campaign finance; Healthcare governance; Public health insurance Requires health care providers to spend 98% of revenues from federal discount prescription drug program on direct patient care

Approveda

7,378,686 (51%)

7,121,317 (49%)

CISS

Proposition 35 Business taxes; Public health insurance Permanently authorizes a tax on managed care organizations to fund Medi-Cal programs

Approveda

10,124,174 (68%)

4,783,434 (32%)

CISS

Proposition 36 Criminal sentencing; Drug crime Increase penalties for certain drug crimes and theft convictions and allow a new class of crime to be called treatment-mandated felony

Approveda

10,307,296 (68%)

4,756,612 (32%)

LRCA

Proposition 3 LGBTQ; Constitutional rights; Family Repeal Proposition 8 and establish a right to marry

Approveda

9,477,435 (63%)

5,658,187 (37%)

BI

Proposition 4 Wildfire; Flood infrastructure; Storm infrastructure; Agriculture; Drinking water; Solar and wind energy; Pollution; Parks and conservation; Bonds Issue $10 billion in bonds to fund state and local parks, environmental protection projects, water infrastructure projects, energy projects, and flood protection projects

Approveda

9,055,116 (60%)

6,086,414 (40%)

LRCA

Proposition 5 Supermajority; Local government; Housing Lower the vote threshold from two-thirds to 55% for local bond measures to fund housing projects and public infrastructure

Defeated

6,738,890 (45%)

8,239,337 (55%)

LRCA

Proposition 6 Constitutional wording Remove involuntary servitude as punishment for a crime from the state constitution

Defeated

6,895,604 (47%)

7,882,137 (53%)


Colorado

See also: Colorado 2024 ballot measures
Type Title Subject Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

CICA

Amendment 79 Constitutional rights; Insurance; Abortion Provide for a state constitutional right to abortion and repeal provision banning the use of public funds for abortions

Approveda

1,921,593 (62%)

1,179,261 (38%)

CICA

Amendment 80 School choice; Constitutional rights Provide that "each K-12 child has the right to school choice"

Defeated

1,507,236 (49%)

1,548,679 (51%)

LRCA

Amendment G Tax exemptions; Veterans Expands the property tax exemption for veterans with a disability to veterans with individual unemployability status

Approveda

2,212,022 (73%)

812,638 (27%)

LRCA

Amendment H Judiciary Creates an independent judicial discipline adjudicative board and create rules for the judicial discipline process

Approveda

2,150,820 (73%)

793,642 (27%)

LRCA

Amendment I Bail Remove the right to bail in cases of first-degree murder when the proof is evident or the presumption is great

Approveda

2,058,063 (68%)

953,652 (32%)

LRCA

Amendment J LGBTQ; Family Remove the provision of the state constitution that says "Only a union of one man and one woman shall be valid or recognized as a marriage in this state"

Approveda

1,982,200 (64%)

1,099,228 (36%)

LRCA

Amendment K Initiative process; Judiciary Change deadlines for filing initiative and referendum petition signatures and judicial retention notice deadlines to remove one week in order to allow one extra week for the secretary of state to certify ballot order and content and election officials' deadline to transmit ballots

Defeated

1,293,879 (45%)

1,591,312 (55%)

CISS

Proposition 127 Hunting Prohibit trophy hunting, defined as "intentionally killing, wounding, pursuing, or entrapping a mountain lion, bobcat, or lynx; or discharging or releasing any deadly weapon at a mountain lion, bobcat, or lynx"

Defeated

1,382,048 (45%)

1,671,710 (55%)

CISS

Proposition 128 Criminal sentencing; Parole Require that persons convicted of certain violent crimes serve more of their sentences before being eligible for parole

Approveda

1,869,231 (62%)

1,140,284 (38%)

CISS

Proposition 129 Business; Animals Create the profession of veterinary professional associate (VPA) requiring a master's degree and registration with the state board of veterinary medicine

Approveda

1,572,545 (53%)

1,407,814 (47%)

CISS

Proposition 130 Law enforcement; Budgets Allocate state revenue to a new fund, called the Peace Officer Training and Support Fund, for law enforcement recruitment, retention, training, and death benefits

Approveda

1,583,118 (53%)

1,415,528 (47%)

CISS

Proposition 131 Primary elections; RCV Establish top-four primaries and ranked-choice voting (RCV) for federal and state offices in Colorado

Defeated

1,385,060 (46%)

1,595,256 (54%)

LRSS

Proposition JJ Water; Gambling; Taxes Allow the state to retain tax revenue collected above $29 million annually from the tax on sports betting proceeds

Approveda

2,340,370 (76%)

721,237 (24%)

LRSS

Proposition KK Firearms; Taxes Levy a 6.5% excise tax on firearms and ammunition manufacturing and sales to be imposed on firearms dealers, manufacturers, and ammunition vendors and appropriating the revenue to the Firearms and Ammunition Excise Tax Cash Fund to be used to fund crime victim services programs, mental and behavioral health programs for children and veterans, and school security and safety programs.

Approveda

1,675,123 (54%)

1,406,112 (46%)



Connecticut

See also: Connecticut 2024 ballot measures
Type Title Subject Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

LRCA

No-Excuse Absentee Voting Amendment Absentee voting Authorize the Connecticut State Legislature to pass a law for no-excuse absentee voting

Approveda

843,153 (58%)

610,694 (42%)


Florida

See also: Florida 2024 ballot measures
Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

LRCA

Amendment 1 Change school board elections from nonpartisan to partisan beginning in 2026

Defeated

5,492,993 (55%)

4,512,372 (45%)

LRCA

Amendment 2 Provide for a state constitutional right to hunt and fish

Approveda

6,941,307 (67%)

3,365,987 (33%)

CICA

Amendment 3 Legalize the recreational or personal use of marijuana

Defeated

5,950,589 (56%)

4,693,524 (44%)

CICA

Amendment 4 Provide for a state constitutional right to abortion before fetal viability

Defeated

6,070,758 (57%)

4,548,379 (43%)

LRCA

Amendment 5 Provide for an annual inflation adjustment for the value of the homestead property tax exemption

Approveda

6,687,238 (66%)

3,441,658 (34%)

LRCA

Amendment 6 Repeal a constitutional provision providing for public campaign financing for candidates who agree to spending limits

Defeated

5,032,882 (50%)

4,955,737 (50%)


Indiana

See also: Indiana 2024 ballot measures
Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

LRCA

Remove Superintendent of Public Instruction from Gubernatorial Line of Succession Amendment Remove the superintendent of public instruction from the gubernatorial line of succession

Approveda

1,389,918 (54%)

1,203,470 (46%)


Iowa

See also: Iowa 2024 ballot measures
Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

LRCA

Amendment 1 Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote and allow 17-year-olds who will be 18 by the general election to vote in primaries

Approveda

1,150,332 (77%)

341,034 (23%)

LRCA

Amendment 2 Provides that if the governor dies, resigns, or is removed from office, the lieutenant governor would assume the office of governor for the remainder of the term, thereby creating a vacancy in the office of lieutenant governor

Approveda

1,190,003 (81%)

278,282 (19%)



Maryland

See also: Maryland 2024 ballot measures
Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

LRCA

Question 1 Provide for a state constitutional right to reproductive freedom, defined to include abortion

Approveda

2,199,319 (76%)

692,219 (24%)


Minnesota

See also: Minnesota 2024 ballot measures
Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

LRCA

Amendment 1 Extend the dedication of lottery-derived revenue to Environment and Natural Resources Fund for 25 years

Approveda

2,526,205 (83%)

530,504 (17%)


Missouri

See also: Missouri 2024 ballot measures

August 6, 2024

Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

LRCA

Amendment 1 Allow childcare establishments to be exempt from property tax

Defeated

491,161 (45%)

593,465 (55%)

LRCA

Amendment 4 Allow the Legislature to pass a law requiring Kansas City to increase funding for the Kansas City Police Department

Approveda

549,919 (51%)

525,657 (49%)


November 5, 2024

Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

CICA

Amendment 2 Legalize and regulate sports wagering in Missouri

Approveda

1,478,652 (50%)

1,475,691 (50%)

CICA

Amendment 3 Provide for a state constitutional right to reproductive freedom, defined to include abortion

Approveda

1,538,659 (52%)

1,443,022 (48%)

CICA

Amendment 5 Allow the Missouri Gaming Commission to issue one additional gambling boat license to operate on the portion of the Osage River from the Missouri River to the Bagnell Dam

Defeated

1,380,949 (48%)

1,523,889 (52%)

LRCA

Amendment 6 Define the administration of justice to include the levying of costs and fees to support the salaries and benefits for law enforcement personnel

Defeated

1,112,081 (39%)

1,711,527 (61%)

LRCA

Amendment 7 Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote and ranked-choice voting

Approveda

1,966,852 (68%)

906,851 (32%)

CISS

Proposition A Increase the state's minimum wage to $15 per hour and require employers to provide earned paid sick leave for employees

Approveda

1,693,064 (58%)

1,247,658 (42%)


Nevada

See also: Nevada 2024 ballot measures
Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

LRCA

Question 1 Removes the constitutional status of the Board of Regents, which oversees state universities, allowing the legislature to change the governing structure of these universities through statute

Defeated

615,415 (45%)

738,901 (55%)

LRCA

Question 2 Revise language in the state constitution related to public entities that benefit individuals with mental illness, blindness, or deafness

Approveda

897,821 (66%)

463,218 (34%)

CICA

Question 3 Establish top-five primaries and ranked-choice voting (RCV) for federal and state offices in Nevada

Defeated

664,011 (47%)

747,719 (53%)

LRCA

Question 4 Repeal language from the Nevada Constitution that allows the use of slavery and involuntary servitude as criminal punishments

Approveda

835,627 (61%)

543,236 (39%)

LRSS

Question 5 Amend the Sales and Use Tax of 1955 to provide a sales tax exemption for child and adult diapers

Approveda

942,828 (68%)

433,583 (32%)

CICA

Question 6 Provide for a state constitutional right to abortion before fetal viability

Approveda

905,170 (64%)

501,232 (36%)

CICA

Question 7 Require voters to present photo identification when voting in person or to provide the last four digits of their driver’s license or Social Security number when voting by mail

Approveda

1,031,153 (73%)

376,873 (27%)


New Hampshire

See also: New Hampshire 2024 ballot measures
Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

LRCA

Increase Mandatory Judicial Retirement Age Amendment Increase the mandatory judicial retirement age from 70 to 75

Defeated

452,307 (66%)

237,221 (34%)


New Mexico

See also: New Mexico 2024 ballot measures
Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

BI

Bond Question 1 Issues $30.76 million in bonds to fund senior citizens facilities

Approveda

572,049 (70%)

242,732 (30%)

BI

Bond Question 2 Issues $19.305 million in bonds to fund public libraries

Approveda

545,321 (67%)

265,087 (33%)

BI

Bond Question 3 Issue $230.26 million in bonds to fund capital improvement projects for higher education institutions, special public schools, and tribal schools

Approveda

530,807 (66%)

277,070 (34%)

BI

Bond Question 4 Issues $10.297 million in bonds to modernize public safety radio communications systems

Approveda

498,733 (63%)

292,783 (37%)

LRCA

Constitutional Amendment 1 Proportionally applies the disabled veteran property tax exemption according to a veteran's disability rating

Approveda

701,047 (83%)

145,855 (17%)

LRCA

Constitutional Amendment 2 Increases the property tax exemption for veterans from $4,000 to $10,000, adjusted annually for inflation

Approveda

611,027 (72%)

240,349 (28%)

LRCA

Constitutional Amendment 3 Authorize the designee of the dean of the University of New Mexico Law School serve as chair of the judicial nomination commission

Approveda

412,465 (51%)

389,871 (49%)

LRCA

Constitutional Amendment 4 Authorize the board of county commissioners to set salaries for county officers and clarify that fees collected by the county are to be deposited into the county treasury

Approveda

520,128 (66%)

271,961 (34%)


New York

See also: New York 2024 ballot measures
Type Title Subject Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

LRCA

Proposal 1 Sex and gender; LGBTQ; Race and ethnicity; Constitutional rights; Abortion Provide that people cannot be denied rights based on their "ethnicity, national origin, age, and disability" or "sex, including sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes, and reproductive healthcare and autonomy"

Approveda

4,757,097 (62%)

2,857,663 (38%)


North Dakota

See also: North Dakota 2024 ballot measures

June 11:

Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

CICA

Initiated Measure 1 Set an age limit for election or appointment to the U.S. Congress

Approveda

68,468 (61%)

44,076 (39%)


November 5:

Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

LRCA

Constitutional Measure 1 Update language used in the state constitution to describe certain state institutions such as changing "insane" to "individuals with mental illness", "feebleminded" to "individuals with developmental disabilities", and "deaf and dumb" to "deaf and hard of hearing"

Approveda

301,944 (84%)

55,464 (16%)

LRCA

Constitutional Measure 2 Establish a single-subject rule for initiatives; increase the signature requirement for constitutional initiatives; and require constitutional initiatives to be approved at two elections

Defeated

150,362 (44%)

194,570 (56%)

LRCA

Constitutional Measure 3 Change requirements for transfers from the state legacy fund, a fund that receives 30% of tax revenue from oil and gas production

Approveda

174,994 (52%)

161,496 (48%)

CICA

Initiated Measure 4 Prohibit the state and local governments from levying taxes on the assessed value of any real or personal property except for those designed to pay for bonded indebtedness

Defeated

130,038 (37%)

225,889 (63%)

CISS

Initiated Measure 5 Legalize the recreational or personal use of marijuana

Defeated

172,174 (47%)

190,548 (53%)



Rhode Island

See also: Rhode Island 2024 ballot measures
Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

CCQ

Question 1 Call for a state constitutional convention to be held

Defeated

173,459 (38%)

287,906 (62%)

BI

Question 2 Issue $160.5 million in bonds for improvements to higher education facilities

Approveda

281,672 (60%)

189,173 (40%)

BI

Question 3 Issue $120 million in bonds to increase the availability of housing in the state

Approveda

308,949 (66%)

160,536 (34%)

BI

Question 4 Issue $53 million in bonds for environmental-related infrastructure, local recreation projects, and for preservation of land

Approveda

315,973 (67%)

152,478 (33%)

BI

Question 5 Issue $10 million in bonds for funding for 1:1 matching grants to continue the Cultural Arts and Economy Grant program administered by the Rhode Island state council on the arts, and for improvements and renovations to the Tomaquag Museum, the Newport Contemporary Ballet, and the Trinity Repertory Company

Approveda

263,551 (56%)

203,769 (44%)


South Dakota

See also: South Dakota 2024 ballot measures
Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

LRCA

Constitutional Amendment E Amend the constitution to change male pronouns in the Constitution to gender-neutral terms or titles

Defeated

180,365 (43%)

242,866 (57%)

LRCA

Constitutional Amendment F Amend the South Dakota Constitution to provide that the state "may impose a work requirement on any person ... who has not been diagnosed as being physically or mentally disabled" for eligible individuals to receive Medicaid under the Medicaid expansion that took effect on July 1, 2023

Approveda

236,410 (56%)

184,829 (44%)

CICA

Constitutional Amendment G Provide for a state constitutional right to abortion with a trimester framework for regulations

Defeated

176,809 (41%)

250,136 (59%)

CICA

Constitutional Amendment H Establish top-two primaries for federal, state, and certain local offices in South Dakota

Defeated

141,570 (34%)

270,048 (66%)

CISS

Initiated Measure 28 Prohibit state sales taxes on anything sold for human consumption, not including alcoholic beverages or prepared food

Defeated

129,261 (31%)

290,969 (69%)

CISS

Initiated Measure 29 Legalize the recreational or personal use of marijuana

Defeated

189,916 (44%)

237,228 (56%)

VR

Referred Law 21 Uphold Senate Bill 201, which would provide requirements for regulating carbon dioxide pipelines and other transmission facilities, and allow counties to impose a surcharge on certain pipeline companies

Defeated

165,682 (41%)

242,459 (59%)


Utah

See also: Utah 2024 ballot measures
Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

LRCA

Amendment B Raise the annual distribution limit from the State School Fund for public education from 4% to 5%

Approveda

1,004,901 (71%)

402,865 (29%)

LRCA

Amendment C Establish in the state constitution that every county shall elect a sheriff to serve for four-year terms

Approveda

1,165,753 (83%)

244,196 (17%)


Wyoming

See also: Wyoming 2024 ballot measures
Type Title Description Result Yes Votes No Votes

LRCA

Property Tax on Residential Property and Owner-Occupied Primary Residences Amendment Add residential real property as a fourth, separate, class of property and authorize the legislature to create a subclass of residential property for owner-occupied primary residences, which could be assessed at a rate other than the uniform rate for property in the class

Approveda

146,336 (59%)

100,392 (41%)


See also