Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) allocation and expenditures by district in Idaho

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This page includes information and data on federal Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) funding in Idaho. ESSER was a series of grants totaling roughly $190 billion that Congress sent to K-12 public schools during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. All 50 states closed schools to in-person instruction at some point during the 2019-2020 academic year.

Congress included the funding in three separate spending packages between 2020 and 2021. In an April 23, 2020, letter sent to state education commissioners, then-Education Secretary Betsy DeVos wrote: "The ESSER Fund provides you, and your local educational agencies, with emergency relief funds to address the impact that COVID-19 has had, and continues to have, on elementary and secondary schools."[1]

On this page, you will find data on the funding Congress allocated to Idaho's school districts through the three ESSER grants (I, II, and III). Data is made available by Georgetown University's Edunomics Lab.[2] Navigate the page using the following links:

Background

At the time, the $190 billion was the largest injection of federal funding into the education system in a one-year period.[3] The first of the three ESSER packages was created in March 27, 2020, when President Donald Trump (R) signed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, releasing $13.2 billion to schools. Trump signed the second ESSER package, providing roughly $54 billion through the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations (CRRSA) Act, into law on December 27, 2020. President Joe Biden (D) signed the final ESSER package on March 11, 2021, apportioning $122 billion to schools through the American Rescue Plan (ARP) Act. Each of the three ESSER packages came with their own spending deadlines. Districts had until January 2025 to spend the last round of the funding, known as ESSER III.[4]

Congress placed few conditions on the grants, largely relying on districts to make their own spending decisions.[5] The exception to this was that Congress required districts to spend 20% of their ESSER III funds addressing “the academic impact of lost instructional time through the implementation of evidence-based interventions.”[6] Districts spent the funding in a variety of ways, including on afterschool programming, tutoring, professional development for teachers, mobile hotspots and other technologies, upgrading heating and air conditioning systems, and building new schools.[7]

Districts also reported using the funding to hire school psychologists, new teachers, custodians, and math specialists.[7] Some districts reported hiring contractors out of a concern about paying for permanent positions after the ESSER funding expired.[7] An August 2023 School Superintendents Association (AASA) survey found that 53% of respondents said they would need to cut support staff in response to the expiration of ESSER funding.[8] A 2024 survey of district leaders by the management consulting firm McKinsey & Company found that 53% of district leaders "expect a fiscal cliff in their district’s spending when ESSER concludes."[9]

ESSER I

The table below shows the total amount of ESSER I funding allocated to each district in Idaho.

Idaho ESSER I allocation and expenditures by district
District Name Total ESSER I Allocation
Boise Independent District $3,814,027
Joint School District No. 2 $3,080,352
Kuna Joint District $853,029
Meadows Valley District $43,197
Council District $41,975
Marsh Valley Joint District $165,074
Pocatello District $2,135,352
Bear Lake County District $148,981
St Maries Joint District $132,766
Plummer-Worley Joint District $234,952
Snake River District $306,166
Blackfoot District $470,702
Aberdeen District $133,884
Firth District $65,504
Shelley Joint District $212,552
Blaine County District $239,900
Garden Valley District $81,645
Basin School District $38,320
Horseshoe Bend School District $41,713
West Bonner County District $377,660
Lake Pend Oreille School District $569,862
Idaho Falls District $1,655,222
Swan Valley Elementary District $0
Bonneville Joint District $1,257,543
Boundary County District $340,137
Butte County Joint District $73,248
Camas County District $17,712
Nampa School District $3,419,132
Caldwell District $1,594,661
Wilder District $179,445
Middleton District $295,051
Notus District $74,132
Melba Joint District $95,592
Parma District $154,947
Vallivue School District $1,014,808
Grace Joint District $52,305
North Gem District $16,813
Soda Springs Joint District $79,806
Cassia County Joint District $733,964
Clark County District $25,221
Orofino Joint District $170,795
Challis Joint District $71,388
Mackay Joint District $24,141
Prairie Elementary District $0
Glenns Ferry Joint District $96,143
Mountain Home District $634,594
Preston Joint District $193,526
West Side Joint District $59,001
Fremont County Joint District $420,348
Emmett Independent District $508,268
Gooding Joint District $234,046
Wendell District $154,720
Hagerman Joint District $61,579
Bliss Joint District $28,874
Cottonwood Joint District $65,726
Salmon River Joint School District $30,432
Mountain View School District $206,284
Jefferson County Joint District $544,639
Ririe Joint District $43,245
West Jefferson District $72,104
Jerome Joint District $649,537
Valley District $69,420
Coeur D'Alene District $1,708,357
Lakeland District $750,789
Post Falls District $951,129
Kootenai District $43,702
Moscow District $284,049
Genesee Joint District $36,538
Kendrick Joint District $29,231
Potlatch District $50,778
Troy School District $22,105
Whitepine Joint School District $25,686
Salmon District $204,268
South Lemhi District $19,764
Nezperce Joint District $18,085
Kamiah Joint District $257,137
Highland Joint District $28,647
Shoshone Joint District $85,063
Dietrich District $33,718
Richfield District $39,616
Madison District $824,271
Sugar-Salem Joint District $138,760
Minidoka County Joint District $636,069
Lewiston Independent District $633,465
Lapwai District $149,101
Culdesac Joint District $25,142
Oneida County District $111,597
Marsing Joint District $228,321
Pleasant Valley Elementary District $0
Bruneau-Grand View Joint School District $95,211
Homedale Joint District $242,004
Payette Joint District $360,135
New Plymouth District $158,924
Fruitland District $171,639
American Falls Joint District $295,974
Rockland District $18,440
Arbon Elementary District $0
Kellogg Joint District $263,959
Mullan District $43,538
Wallace District $113,957
Avery Elementary District $0
Teton County District $205,649
Twin Falls District $1,502,822
Buhl Joint District $256,739
Filer District $205,175
Kimberly District $140,119
Hansen District $81,002
Three Creek Joint Elementary District $0
Castleford District $56,112
Murtaugh Joint District $33,044
Mccall-Donnelly Joint School District $104,997
Cascade District $138,252
Weiser District $228,582
Cambridge Joint District $38,777
Midvale District $27,476
Victory Charter School, Inc. $41,491
Idaho Virtual Academy, Inc. $437,174
Idaho Virtual High School, Inc. $0
Rolling Hills Public Charter School, Inc. $24,380
Compass Public Charter School, Inc. $50,264
Falcon Ridge Public Charter School, Inc. $24,404
Inspire Academics, Inc. $151,454
Liberty Charter School, Inc. $42,083
The Academy, Inc. $55,028
Taylor'S Crossing Public Charter School, Inc. $41,276
Xavier Charter School, Inc. $53,609
Vision Charter School, Inc. $59,775
White Pine Charter School, Inc. $37,607
North Valley Academy, Inc. $39,578
Isucceed Virtual High School, Inc. $0
Idaho Science And Technology Charter School, Inc. $43,490
Idaho Virtual Education Partners, Inc. $0
The Kootenai Bridge Academy, Inc. $0
Palouse Prairie Educational Organization, Inc. $15,435
The Village Charter School, Inc. $30,973
Monticello Montessori Charter School, Inc. $36,725
The Sage International School Of Boise, A Public Charter School, Inc. $91,612
Another Choice Virtual Charter School, Inc. $57,792
Blackfoot Charter Community Learning Center, Inc. $83,478
Legacy Public Charter School, Inc. $36,159
Heritage Academy, Inc. $45,294
North Idaho Stem Charter Academy, Inc. $0
Heritage Community Charter School, Inc. $101,831
American Heritage Charter School, Inc. $24,524
Chief Tahgee Elementary Academy, Inc. $25,108
Idaho Stem Academy, Inc. $17,465
Upper Carmen Public Charter School, Inc. $0
Sandpoint Charter School, Inc. $63,571
Syringa Mountain School, Inc. $20,237
Idaho College And Career Readiness Academy, Inc. $0
Coeur D'Alene Charter Academy, Inc. $0
Anser Of Idaho, Inc. $19,499
North Star Charter School, Inc. $0
The Pocatello Community Charter School, Inc. $45,433
Alturas International Academy, Inc. $52,913
Gem Prep: Pocatello, Llc $55,298
Pathways In Education - Nampa, Inc. $0
Gem Prep: Meridian, Llc $58,411
Future Public School, Inc. $50,576
Hayden Canyon Charter School, Inc. $16,069
Peace Valley Charter School, Inc. $14,549
Project Impact Stem Academy, Inc. $33,472
Advanced Regional Technical Education Industrial, Inc. $0
Elevate Academy Inc. $66,698
Forge International, Llc $21,533
Fern-Waters Public Charter School, Inc. $0
Treasure Valley Classical Academy, Inc. $24,027
Gem Prep: Online Llc $99,145
Island Park Charter School, Inc. $0
Mosaics Public School, Inc. $18,331
Gem Prep: Meridian North, Llc $0
Doral Academy Of Idaho, Inc. $0
Pinecrest Academy Of Idaho, Inc. $0
Canyon-Owyhee School Service Agency (Cossa) $0
Thomas Jefferson Charter School, Inc. $17,380
Alturas Preparatory Academy, Inc. $0
Rise Charter School $0
Cardinal Academy $0
Idaho Bureau Of Educational Services For The Deaf And The Blind $0
S E I Tec Charter School, Inc. $0
Meridian Technical Charter High School, Inc. $0
Meridian Medical Arts Charter High School, Inc. $0
Advanced Regional Technical Education, Inc. $0
Payette River Technical Academy, Inc. $0
Idaho Arts Charter School, Inc. $0
Gem Prep: Nampa, Llc $0
Moscow Charter School, Inc. $0


ESSER II

The table below shows the total amount of ESSER II funding allocated to each district in Idaho.

Idaho ESSER II allocation and expenditures by district
District Name Total ESSER II Allocation
Boise Independent District $14,756,756
Joint School District No. 2 $13,884,072
Kuna Joint District $2,925,376
Meadows Valley District $193,897
Council District $211,005
Marsh Valley Joint District $675,083
Pocatello District $8,533,847
Bear Lake County District $595,396
St Maries Joint District $530,595
Plummer-Worley Joint District $938,978
Snake River District $1,049,967
Blackfoot District $2,297,152
Aberdeen District $504,607
Firth District $289,360
Shelley Joint District $849,456
Blaine County District $925,781
Garden Valley District $296,463
Basin School District $214,476
Horseshoe Bend School District $167,385
West Bonner County District $1,371,334
Lake Pend Oreille School District $2,553,329
Idaho Falls District $6,615,025
Swan Valley Elementary District $0
Bonneville Joint District $5,026,398
Boundary County District $1,591,902
Butte County Joint District $287,587
Camas County District $86,464
Nampa School District $11,974,748
Caldwell District $6,372,999
Wilder District $651,592
Middleton District $1,134,277
Notus District $257,442
Melba Joint District $382,032
Parma District $619,239
Vallivue School District $4,056,321
Grace Joint District $209,034
North Gem District $59,728
Soda Springs Joint District $318,940
Cassia County Joint District $3,092,686
Clark County District $113,407
Orofino Joint District $836,763
Challis Joint District $475,096
Mackay Joint District $82,789
Prairie Elementary District $0
Glenns Ferry Joint District $523,162
Mountain Home District $2,953,936
Preston Joint District $850,792
West Side Joint District $265,800
Fremont County Joint District $1,716,747
Emmett Independent District $2,042,702
Gooding Joint District $922,581
Wendell District $726,154
Hagerman Joint District $276,673
Bliss Joint District $105,942
Cottonwood Joint District $256,591
Salmon River Joint School District $118,267
Mountain View School District $845,886
Jefferson County Joint District $2,025,087
Ririe Joint District $169,273
West Jefferson District $290,736
Jerome Joint District $2,634,063
Valley District $318,924
Coeur D'Alene District $6,027,011
Lakeland District $2,619,376
Post Falls District $3,626,587
Kootenai District $161,283
Moscow District $1,135,193
Genesee Joint District $129,027
Kendrick Joint District $101,719
Potlatch District $240,171
Troy School District $103,053
Whitepine Joint School District $123,604
Salmon District $816,348
South Lemhi District $67,777
Nezperce Joint District $72,277
Kamiah Joint District $1,235,562
Highland Joint District $105,086
Shoshone Joint District $342,296
Dietrich District $176,958
Richfield District $180,879
Madison District $3,439,154
Sugar-Salem Joint District $708,219
Minidoka County Joint District $2,542,022
Lewiston Independent District $2,531,618
Lapwai District $556,589
Culdesac Joint District $100,126
Oneida County District $445,992
Marsing Joint District $870,296
Pleasant Valley Elementary District $0
Bruneau-Grand View Joint School District $380,504
Homedale Joint District $908,868
Payette Joint District $1,439,946
New Plymouth District $616,090
Fruitland District $685,950
American Falls Joint District $1,183,526
Rockland District $90,037
Arbon Elementary District $0
Kellogg Joint District $1,054,900
Mullan District $180,590
Wallace District $538,290
Avery Elementary District $0
Teton County District $821,866
Twin Falls District $7,138,520
Buhl Joint District $1,101,170
Filer District $749,793
Kimberly District $583,633
Hansen District $305,356
Three Creek Joint Elementary District $0
Castleford District $212,023
Murtaugh Joint District $155,481
Mccall-Donnelly Joint School District $364,796
Cascade District $626,609
Weiser District $1,059,038
Cambridge Joint District $144,960
Midvale District $109,807
Victory Charter School, Inc. $142,294
Idaho Virtual Academy, Inc. $1,704,488
Idaho Virtual High School, Inc. $0
Rolling Hills Public Charter School, Inc. $132,228
Compass Public Charter School, Inc. $271,143
Falcon Ridge Public Charter School, Inc. $83,679
Inspire Academics, Inc. $860,382
Liberty Charter School, Inc. $144,636
The Academy, Inc. $188,712
Taylor'S Crossing Public Charter School, Inc. $159,532
Xavier Charter School, Inc. $190,304
Vision Charter School, Inc. $242,042
White Pine Charter School, Inc. $165,254
North Valley Academy, Inc. $158,169
Isucceed Virtual High School, Inc. $491,878
Idaho Science And Technology Charter School, Inc. $246,676
Idaho Virtual Education Partners, Inc. $0
The Kootenai Bridge Academy, Inc. $0
Palouse Prairie Educational Organization, Inc. $61,216
The Village Charter School, Inc. $169,267
Monticello Montessori Charter School, Inc. $162,972
The Sage International School Of Boise, A Public Charter School, Inc. $436,186
Another Choice Virtual Charter School, Inc. $22,086
Blackfoot Charter Community Learning Center, Inc. $428,192
Legacy Public Charter School, Inc. $129,394
Heritage Academy, Inc. $168,856
North Idaho Stem Charter Academy, Inc. $0
Heritage Community Charter School, Inc. $407,645
American Heritage Charter School, Inc. $132,274
Chief Tahgee Elementary Academy, Inc. $142,958
Idaho Stem Academy, Inc. $69,798
Upper Carmen Public Charter School, Inc. $0
Sandpoint Charter School, Inc. $254,059
Syringa Mountain School, Inc. $69,889
Idaho College And Career Readiness Academy, Inc. $0
Coeur D'Alene Charter Academy, Inc. $0
Anser Of Idaho, Inc. $146,190
North Star Charter School, Inc. $0
The Pocatello Community Charter School, Inc. $228,213
Alturas International Academy, Inc. $235,232
Gem Prep: Pocatello, Llc $436,314
Pathways In Education - Nampa, Inc. $125,226
Gem Prep: Meridian, Llc $254,664
Future Public School, Inc. $308,522
Hayden Canyon Charter School, Inc. $91,541
Peace Valley Charter School, Inc. $81,235
Project Impact Stem Academy, Inc. $161,173
Advanced Regional Technical Education Industrial, Inc. $0
Elevate Academy Inc. $353,195
Forge International, Llc $126,039
Fern-Waters Public Charter School, Inc. $70,300
Treasure Valley Classical Academy, Inc. $176,114
Gem Prep: Online Llc $339,968
Island Park Charter School, Inc. $0
Mosaics Public School, Inc. $133,049
Gem Prep: Meridian North, Llc $66,717
Doral Academy Of Idaho, Inc. $43,863
Pinecrest Academy Of Idaho, Inc. $0
Canyon-Owyhee School Service Agency (Cossa) $0
Thomas Jefferson Charter School, Inc. $104,028
Alturas Preparatory Academy, Inc. $97,252
Rise Charter School $0
Cardinal Academy $61,921
Idaho Bureau Of Educational Services For The Deaf And The Blind $0
S E I Tec Charter School, Inc. $0
Meridian Technical Charter High School, Inc. $0
Meridian Medical Arts Charter High School, Inc. $0
Advanced Regional Technical Education, Inc. $0
Payette River Technical Academy, Inc. $0
Idaho Arts Charter School, Inc. $569,979
Gem Prep: Nampa, Llc $292,348
Moscow Charter School, Inc. $0

ESSER III

The table below shows the total amount of ESSER III funding allocated to each district in Idaho.

STATE ESSER III allocation and expenditures by district
District Name Total ESSER III Allocation
Boise Independent District $33,114,572
Joint School District No. 2 $31,154,718
Kuna Joint District $6,564,626
Meadows Valley District $435,111
Council District $473,499
Marsh Valley Joint District $1,513,378
Pocatello District $19,150,192
Bear Lake County District $1,336,086
St Maries Joint District $1,190,670
Plummer-Worley Joint District $2,107,090
Snake River District $2,356,156
Blackfoot District $5,154,873
Aberdeen District $1,130,826
Firth District $647,807
Shelley Joint District $1,906,202
Blaine County District $2,084,459
Garden Valley District $665,272
Basin School District $479,764
Horseshoe Bend School District $374,090
West Bonner County District $3,077,312
Lake Pend Oreille School District $5,729,742
Idaho Falls District $14,844,301
Swan Valley Elementary District $0
Bonneville Joint District $11,277,852
Boundary County District $3,572,272
Butte County Joint District $645,351
Camas County District $194,028
Nampa School District $26,871,668
Caldwell District $14,301,188
Wilder District $1,462,188
Middleton District $2,545,349
Notus District $577,707
Melba Joint District $857,288
Parma District $1,389,590
Vallivue School District $9,100,970
Grace Joint District $469,078
North Gem District $134,032
Soda Springs Joint District $715,711
Cassia County Joint District $6,940,073
Clark County District $254,489
Orofino Joint District $1,876,192
Challis Joint District $1,066,130
Mackay Joint District $185,781
Prairie Elementary District $0
Glenns Ferry Joint District $1,173,991
Mountain Home District $6,628,713
Preston Joint District $1,907,677
West Side Joint District $596,461
Fremont County Joint District $3,852,429
Emmett Independent District $4,583,881
Gooding Joint District $2,068,769
Wendell District $1,629,510
Hagerman Joint District $620,863
Bliss Joint District $237,737
Cottonwood Joint District $575,797
Salmon River Joint School District $265,395
Mountain View School District $1,898,192
Jefferson County Joint District $4,544,350
Ririe Joint District $379,854
West Jefferson District $652,420
Jerome Joint District $5,910,909
Valley District $715,674
Coeur D'Alene District $13,524,782
Lakeland District $5,876,427
Post Falls District $8,138,163
Kootenai District $361,923
Moscow District $2,547,406
Genesee Joint District $289,538
Kendrick Joint District $228,260
Potlatch District $537,423
Troy School District $229,726
Whitepine Joint School District $277,371
Salmon District $1,831,908
South Lemhi District $152,095
Nezperce Joint District $162,191
Kamiah Joint District $2,772,636
Highland Joint District $234,288
Shoshone Joint District $768,123
Dietrich District $397,098
Richfield District $405,898
Madison District $7,717,556
Sugar-Salem Joint District $1,587,674
Minidoka County Joint District $5,704,367
Lewiston Independent District $5,681,021
Lapwai District $1,247,474
Culdesac Joint District $224,685
Oneida County District $1,000,820
Marsing Joint District $1,952,970
Pleasant Valley Elementary District $0
Bruneau-Grand View Joint School District $853,862
Homedale Joint District $2,039,527
Payette Joint District $3,229,753
New Plymouth District $1,382,523
Fruitland District $1,539,289
American Falls Joint District $2,654,339
Rockland District $202,046
Arbon Elementary District $0
Kellogg Joint District $2,367,225
Mullan District $451,701
Wallace District $1,206,410
Avery Elementary District $0
Teton County District $1,844,289
Twin Falls District $16,017,511
Buhl Joint District $2,471,056
Filer District $1,682,557
Kimberly District $1,309,688
Hansen District $685,229
Three Creek Joint Elementary District $0
Castleford District $474,259
Murtaugh Joint District $347,375
Mccall-Donnelly Joint School District $818,613
Cascade District $1,406,127
Weiser District $2,376,510
Cambridge Joint District $325,297
Midvale District $246,411
Victory Charter School, Inc. $319,312
Idaho Virtual Academy, Inc. $3,824,919
Idaho Virtual High School, Inc. $0
Rolling Hills Public Charter School, Inc. $296,724
Compass Public Charter School, Inc. $608,452
Falcon Ridge Public Charter School, Inc. $187,779
Inspire Academics, Inc. $1,929,195
Liberty Charter School, Inc. $324,566
The Academy, Inc. $423,475
Taylor'S Crossing Public Charter School, Inc. $357,995
Xavier Charter School, Inc. $427,048
Vision Charter School, Inc. $543,150
White Pine Charter School, Inc. $369,308
North Valley Academy, Inc. $354,936
Isucceed Virtual High School, Inc. $1,103,788
Idaho Science And Technology Charter School, Inc. $552,023
Idaho Virtual Education Partners, Inc. $0
The Kootenai Bridge Academy, Inc. $0
Palouse Prairie Educational Organization, Inc. $135,845
The Village Charter School, Inc. $379,839
Monticello Montessori Charter School, Inc. $364,186
The Sage International School Of Boise, A Public Charter School, Inc. $978,813
Another Choice Virtual Charter School, Inc. $544,699
Blackfoot Charter Community Learning Center, Inc. $960,876
Legacy Public Charter School, Inc. $290,364
Heritage Academy, Inc. $378,918
North Idaho Stem Charter Academy, Inc. $0
Heritage Community Charter School, Inc. $913,239
American Heritage Charter School, Inc. $296,827
Chief Tahgee Elementary Academy, Inc. $320,800
Idaho Stem Academy, Inc. $156,626
Upper Carmen Public Charter School, Inc. $0
Sandpoint Charter School, Inc. $570,116
Syringa Mountain School, Inc. $156,832
Idaho College And Career Readiness Academy, Inc. $0
Coeur D'Alene Charter Academy, Inc. $0
Anser Of Idaho, Inc. $326,527
North Star Charter School, Inc. $0
The Pocatello Community Charter School, Inc. $512,116
Alturas International Academy, Inc. $526,340
Gem Prep: Pocatello, Llc $979,103
Pathways In Education - Nampa, Inc. $281,012
Gem Prep: Meridian, Llc $571,472
Future Public School, Inc. $690,804
Hayden Canyon Charter School, Inc. $205,421
Peace Valley Charter School, Inc. $182,296
Project Impact Stem Academy, Inc. $361,676
Advanced Regional Technical Education Industrial, Inc. $0
Elevate Academy Inc. $792,579
Forge International, Llc $281,306
Fern-Waters Public Charter School, Inc. $157,753
Treasure Valley Classical Academy, Inc. $393,676
Gem Prep: Online Llc $762,898
Island Park Charter School, Inc. $0
Mosaics Public School, Inc. $297,041
Gem Prep: Meridian North, Llc $149,715
Doral Academy Of Idaho, Inc. $98,432
Pinecrest Academy Of Idaho, Inc. $0
Canyon-Owyhee School Service Agency (Cossa) $0
Thomas Jefferson Charter School, Inc. $233,440
Alturas Preparatory Academy, Inc. $216,711
Rise Charter School $0
Cardinal Academy $138,952
Idaho Bureau Of Educational Services For The Deaf And The Blind $0
S E I Tec Charter School, Inc. $0
Meridian Technical Charter High School, Inc. $0
Meridian Medical Arts Charter High School, Inc. $0
Advanced Regional Technical Education, Inc. $0
Payette River Technical Academy, Inc. $0
Idaho Arts Charter School, Inc. $1,279,049
Gem Prep: Nampa, Llc $656,037
Moscow Charter School, Inc. $0

ESSER allocations by state

Click a state below to see a detailed breakdown of ESSER allocations by district in each state.

History of ESSER

Throughout Spring 2020, all 50 states shuttered K-12 public schools to in-person learning. In most states, students would not return to classrooms for the remainder of the academic year. Congress allocated roughly $190 billion to schools between March 2020 and March 2021 through three rounds of Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund grants.[10]

Congress also allocated about 10% of ESSER funding—or about $19 billion—to state education agencies.[11]

Each tranche of ESSER funding came with its own deadline. States had until September 30 to commit money they received in the third round (ARP Act) of ESSER funding—unless they requested and received an extension.[12] Districts were required to have spent the funds by the end of January 2025 (though they could request an extension from the federal government).[13]

According to the U.S. Department of Education, “These Federal emergency resources are available for a wide range of activities to address diverse needs arising from or exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, or to emerge stronger post-pandemic, including responding to students’ social, emotional, mental health, and academic needs and continuing to provide educational services as States, LEAs, and schools respond to and recover from the pandemic.”[14]

Districts, already facing declining public school enrollment, grappled with the loss of billions of dollars in federal aid as ESSER funds expired.[15] To put the loss in perspective, in 2019, the last year before Congress began allocating ESSER grants, the federal government spent a total of $57.9 billion on K-12 public schools—less than a third of what Congress allocated to schools through ESSER.[16]

A 2023 Education Next analysis of 22 states found that districts had spent about half of the money on labor costs, which could include new hires and raises for existing personnel.[17] A December 2023 Education Week survey of 250 district leaders found that a quarter of respondents said they didn’t anticipate finding alternative funding to cover ongoing expenses made with ESSER grants.[18]

Some districts announced staff and teacher layoffs due to losing ESSER funds.[19][20][21] Districts also cut expenses in other ways, including ending after-school programs, tutoring services, and more.[22][23]

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Footnotes

  1. U.S. Department of Education, "ESSER Fund Cover Letter," accessed June 13, 2025
  2. Edunomics Lab,"ESSER Expenditure Dashboard," accessed June 29, 2025
  3. The 74, "ESSER Post-Mortem: How Did Districts Spend $190B in Federal Funds? Did It Work?" June 29, 2025
  4. Intercultural Development Research Association, "How Schools Will Be Impacted by the End of Federal COVID-19 Relief Funding," October 8, 2024
  5. District Administration, "Learning loss can still be overcome with ESSER," August 15, 2024
  6. U.S. Department of Education, "Strategies for Using American Rescue Plan Funding to Address the Impact of Lost Instructional Time," accessed August 21, 2025
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Government Accountability Office, "School Districts Reported Spending Initial COVID Relief Funds on Meeting Students' Needs and Continuing School Operations," accessed August 21, 2025
  8. Intercultural Development Research Association, "How Schools Will Be Impacted by the End of Federal COVID-19 Relief Funding," October 8, 2024
  9. McKinsey & Company, "When the money runs out: K–12 schools brace for stimulus-free budgets," September 18, 2024
  10. K-12 Dive, "ESSER funding: What it is and how to use it before it expires," February 21, 2023
  11. CCSSO, "States Leading: How State Education Agencies Leveraged Pandemic Relief Funds," accessed February 4, 2025
  12. New America, "Size: More Money Than Ever Before," accessed February 4, 2025
  13. School Superintendents Assocation, "The Advocate March 2024: ESSER Late Liquidation," March 8, 2024
  14. U.S. Department of Education, "Frequently Asked Questions," May 2021
  15. Brookings, "Breaking down enrollment declines in public schools," March 14, 2024
  16. United States Census, "K-12 School Spending Up 4.7% in 2019 From Previous Year," May 18, 2021
  17. Education Next, "The Massive ESSER Experiment: Here’s what we’re learning.," April 4, 2023
  18. Education Week, "When ESSER Funds Are Gone, Here’s Where Districts May Turn to Fill Gaps," December 5, 2023
  19. NBC DFW, "Arlington ISD faces layoffs with COVID-era ESSER grants coming to an end," March 25, 2024
  20. K-12 Dive, "Teacher layoffs are growing — and won’t be going away anytime soon," March 26, 2024
  21. CT Insider, "Hartford school board approves $429 million budget with staffing cuts across the district," April 18, 2024
  22. Chalkbeat, "Many schools want to keep tutoring going when COVID money is gone. How will they pay for it?" February 1, 2024
  23. KOSU, "The end of pandemic-era federal dollars may mean the end of some Oklahoma school programs," April 18, 2024