Pivot Counties: How the 206 Obama-Obama-Trump counties intersect with Congressional districts
Ballotpedia identified 206 counties that voted for Donald Trump (R) in 2016 after voting for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012.[1] These counties are sometimes referred to as swing counties by media and political observers. Collectively, Trump won these counties by more than 580,000 votes and had an average margin of victory of 11.45 percent. The political shift in these counties was expected to have an impact on the 2018 congressional elections.
Ballotpedia compared the states featuring a 2018 Senate election with those that contained Pivot Counties. Using that information, we were able to explore which Senate races were expected to be contentious in 2018. We also compared county maps with congressional district maps to identify which congressional district the Pivot Counties were contained in. In total, the counties fell into 99 congressional districts. This includes districts that intersected with only small portions of a county as well as districts that overlapped with multiple counties. We then examined what happened in the past three congressional elections in the districts featuring these Pivot Counties and used that information to determine if the congressional districts trended in the same way. We then used those trends to highlight 2018 congressional races to watch.
Ballotpedia also analyzed data on which congressional districts experienced the sharpest drops in Democratic vote totals from 2012 to 2016. Excluding special cases in which one party was unopposed on the ballot and districts that underwent redistricting after 2012, there were 32 districts that saw a loss of at least 15 percent of Democratic votes cast from 2012 to 2016. Of those 32 districts, 18 (56%) contained one or more Pivot Counties.
Note: The districts listed on this page in Pennsylvania have changed as a result of redistricting that occurred in 2018. There are now four districts in Pennsylvania that intersected with a pivot county as of November 2018: the 7th, 8th, 9th, and 16th districts.
Senate
The map below shows which states that had a 2018 Senate election contained Pivot Counties. Mouse over each state for more details.
The 206 Pivot Counties fall within 34 states. Of those 34 states, 19 featured a Democratic or independent senator up for re-election in 2018. The Midwest is the region with by far the greatest concentration of these counties. Over half of the 206 counties fell within six Midwestern states: Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, Illinois, and Ohio. Of those six, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, and Ohio all featured a Democratic senator up for re-election in 2018. Those senators are Tammy Baldwin (WI), Amy Klobuchar (MN), Debbie Stabenow (MI), and Sherrod Brown (OH). These states were expected to be among the 2018 Senate battleground races.
Other states with at least one Pivot County with a vulnerable Democratic senator in 2018 included Florida, Indiana, Maine, Montana, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. There was only one state with a Republican senator up for re-election in 2018 that was won by Hillary Clinton in 2016: Nevada, which is currently held by Sen. Dean Heller. Nevada was expected to be the most vulnerable Republican Senate seat in 2018.
The full breakdown of the Pivot Counties by state can be seen below.
States Containing Pivot Counties | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
State | Number of Pivot Counties | Total Counties | % Pivot Counties | % State Population in Pivot Counties | 2018 Senate election with a Democratic incumbent |
Arkansas | 1 | 75 | 1.33% | 0.24% | No |
Colorado | 4 | 64 | 6.25% | 0.57% | No |
Connecticut | 1 | 8 | 12.50% | 3.28% | Yes |
Delaware | 1 | 3 | 33.33% | 18.26% | Yes |
Florida | 4 | 67 | 5.97% | 6.71% | Yes |
Georgia | 5 | 159 | 3.14% | 0.57% | No |
Illinois | 11 | 102 | 10.78% | 4.52% | No |
Indiana | 5 | 92 | 5.43% | 7.98% | Yes |
Iowa | 31 | 99 | 31.31% | 26.11% | No |
Kentucky | 1 | 120 | 0.83% | 0.18% | No |
Maine | 8 | 16 | 50.00% | 47.08% | Yes[2] |
Michigan | 12 | 83 | 14.46% | 18.36% | Yes |
Minnesota | 19 | 87 | 21.84% | 9.97% | Yes |
Mississippi | 2 | 82 | 2.44% | 3.09% | No |
Montana | 3 | 56 | 5.36% | 3.37% | Yes |
Nebraska | 1 | 93 | 1.08% | 0.37% | No |
New Hampshire | 3 | 10 | 30.00% | 36.20% | No |
New Jersey | 2 | 21 | 9.52% | 4.00% | Yes |
New Mexico | 3 | 33 | 9.09% | 4.54% | Yes |
New York | 18 | 62 | 29.03% | 19.37% | Yes |
North Carolina | 6 | 100 | 6.00% | 3.18% | No |
North Dakota | 4 | 53 | 7.55% | 2.56% | Yes |
Ohio | 9 | 88 | 10.23% | 13.95% | Yes |
Oregon | 2 | 36 | 5.56% | 1.91% | No |
Pennsylvania | 3 | 67 | 4.48% | 7.05% | Yes |
Rhode Island | 1 | 5 | 20.00% | 15.69% | Yes |
South Carolina | 5 | 46 | 10.87% | 2.50% | No |
South Dakota | 5 | 66 | 7.58% | 3.31% | No |
Tennessee | 1 | 95 | 1.05% | 0.41% | No |
Texas | 1 | 254 | 0.39% | 0.97% | No |
Vermont | 1 | 14 | 7.14% | 0.99% | Yes[2] |
Virginia | 5 | 133 | 3.76% | 3.95% | Yes |
Washington | 5 | 39 | 12.82% | 4.74% | Yes |
Wisconsin | 23 | 72 | 31.94% | 17.35% | Yes |
House
2018 elections
Democratic U.S. House candidates won 113 (55 percent) of the pivot counties in 2018. Republican candidates won the other 93. In 184 pivot counties, the Republican U.S. House candidate had either a lesser margin of victory than Trump did in 2016 or lost the county to the Democratic U.S. House candidate.
U.S. House results in Congressional districts that intersect pivot counties were similar to results across the country. Across all 435 districts, Republicans lost a net of 40 of their 235 seats (17 percent). In the 99 districts that contain pivot counties, Republicans lost a net of eight of their 63 seats (13 percent).
Twelve districts that intersected with a pivot county changed partisan hands in 2018: 10 from Republican to Democratic, and two from Democratic to Republican. Following the election, Republicans controlled 54 seats and Democrats controlled 44 seats, for a net change of eight seats in favor of Democrats. The state board of elections did not certify results in North Carolina's 9th Congressional District.
To read our full analysis, click here.
Districts that lost the most Democratic votes in 2016
There were 32 congressional districts (7.4%) that saw a loss of at least 15 percent of Democratic votes cast from 2012 to 2016. This is excluding special cases in which one party was unopposed on the ballot and districts that underwent redistricting after 2012. Of those 32 districts, 18 (56%) contained one or more Pivot Counties.
West Virginia's 3rd Congressional District experienced the sharpest loss in votes between 2012 and 2016. Incumbent Nick Rahall (D) won re-election in 2012 with 102,519 votes. Rahall was then ousted by current incumbent Evan Jenkins (R) in 2014. Jenkins went on to win re-election by a margin of 43.9 percent in 2016. The Democratic candidate in the race, Matt Detch, received just 49,708 votes, a decline of over 50 percent from 2012.
The following table shows the full data on the districts and the votes cast for the Democratic candidate in each year.
Districts that lost the most Democratic votes from 2012 to 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
District | Democratic votes cast in 2012 | Democratic votes cast in 2016 | Percentage drop from 2012 to 2016 | District contains Pivot Counties? |
West Virginia District 3 | 102,519 | 49,708 | 51.51% | No |
North Dakota At-Large District | 131,870 | 80,377 | 39.05% | Yes |
Ohio District 6 | 144,444 | 88,780 | 38.54% | No |
New York District 21 | 126,631 | 82,161 | 35.12% | Yes |
Oklahoma District 2 | 96,081 | 62,387 | 35.07% | No |
Ohio District 7 | 137,708 | 89,638 | 34.91% | Yes |
Wisconsin District 1 | 158,414 | 107,003 | 32.45% | Yes |
New York District 27 | 156,219 | 107,832 | 30.97% | Yes |
Ohio District 16 | 170,600 | 119,830 | 29.76% | Yes |
Minnesota District 6 | 174,944 | 123,008 | 29.69% | No |
Georgia District 12 | 139,148 | 99,420 | 28.55% | No |
Indiana District 3 | 92,363 | 66,023 | 28.52% | No |
Ohio District 5 | 137,806 | 100,392 | 27.15% | Yes |
Mississippi District 1 | 114,076 | 83,947 | 26.41% | Yes |
Indiana District 8 | 122,325 | 93,356 | 23.68% | Yes |
Indiana District 2 | 130,113 | 102,401 | 21.30% | Yes |
Illinois District 12 | 157,000 | 124,246 | 20.86% | Yes |
Iowa District 1 | 222,422 | 177,403 | 20.24% | Yes |
North Carolina District 7 | 168,695 | 135,905 | 19.44% | Yes |
North Carolina District 9 | 171,503 | 139,041 | 18.93% | No |
Ohio District 2 | 137,077 | 111,694 | 18.52% | No |
Missouri District 4 | 113,120 | 92,510 | 18.22% | No |
Indiana District 6 | 96,678 | 79,135 | 18.15% | Yes |
Tennessee District 1 | 47,663 | 39,024 | 18.13% | No |
Maine District 2 | 191,456 | 159,081 | 16.91% | Yes |
New York District 24 | 143,044 | 119,040 | 16.78% | Yes |
Ohio District 12 | 134,605 | 112,638 | 16.32% | No |
Ohio District 10 | 131,097 | 109,981 | 16.11% | Yes |
Pennsylvania District 12 | 163,589 | 137,353 | 16.04% | No |
Tennessee District 3 | 91,094 | 76,727 | 15.77% | No |
Iowa District 4 | 169,470 | 142,993 | 15.62% | Yes |
Michigan District 13 | 235,336 | 198,771 | 15.54% | No |
Margin of victory analysis
The 206 Pivot Counties were contained within 104 congressional districts. Of those 104, 65 (63%) were held by a Republican, and the remaining 39 (38%) were held by a Democrat. When looking at those districts, we examined the margin of victory in the past three congressional elections to see if they trended in the same way as the presidential elections.
Of the 104 congressional districts analyzed, 12 districts were in states that underwent court-ordered redistricting between the 2014 and 2016 elections (FL, NC, or VA), so they were not used when analyzing trends. This is due to the fact that the boundaries of many congressional districts in those states were altered in the process. Of the remaining 92, 77 districts (84.6%) are solid Democratic or Republican districts. The remaining 14 districts were expected to be among the more competitive U.S. House races in 2018. Five districts featured a Republican incumbent in a lean Republican district, two featured a Democratic incumbent in a lean Democratic district, and seven featured a Democratic incumbent in a district that trended more and more Republican from 2012 to 2016. A designation of lean Republican or Democratic district indicates that the average margin of victory over the years was less than ten percent.
The remaining district was the only district of the 105 districts featuring Pivot Counties to flip in 2016, New Hampshire's 1st Congressional District. New Hampshire's 1st flipped from Republican to Democratic in 2016 and was also the only district to flip every year. The seat went back and forth between Carol Shea-Porter (D) and Frank Guinta (R) from 2010 to 2016. However, six districts flipped from Democratic to Republican in 2014 and remained in Republican hands following the 2016 elections. Comparatively, Democrats picked up six total seats in 2016, and Republicans picked up 13 total seats in 2014.
Full margin of victory data for each congressional district containing at least one pivot county can be found in the table below.
The district profiles in the below table can have the following designations:
- Solid D/R - The district is a safe district for the party and generally featured margins of victory of greater than 20 percent.
- Lean D/R - The district leans one way but is more likely to shift than a solid district and generally featured margins of victory of less than 10 percent.
- D Trending R/R Trending D - The district is held by one party but has trended toward the other party in the past two election cycles.
- Former D/R - The district has flipped party control since 2012.
- Redistricting - The district has undergone redistricting since 2012 and was not used when determining trends.
Margin of Victory Data for Congressional Districts Containing Pivot Counties | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
District | Pivot Counties | Current Incumbent Party | 2012 Margin of Victory | 2014 Margin of Victory | 2016 Margin of Victory | District Profile |
Arkansas District 01 | Woodruff | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Colorado District 03 | Conejos, Huerfano, Pueblo | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Colorado District 04 | Las Animas | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Connecticut District 02 | Windham | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
Delaware's At-large District | Kent | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
D Trending R |
Florida District 02 | Jefferson | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Redistricting |
Florida District 12 | Pinellas | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Redistricting |
Florida District 13 | Pinellas | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Redistricting |
Florida District 18 | St. Lucie | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Redistricting |
Florida District 26 | Monroe | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Redistricting |
Georgia District 02 | Baker, Dooly, Peach, Quitman | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
Georgia District 08 | Twiggs | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Illinois District 12 | Alexander | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R, Former D |
Illinois District 16 | Putnam | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Illinois District 17 | Carroll, Fulton, Henderson, Henry, Jo Daviess, Knox, Mercer, Warren, Whiteside | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
Indiana District 01 | LaPorte, Porter | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
Indiana District 02 | LaPorte | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Indiana District 06 | Delaware | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Indiana District 08 | Perry, Vigo | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Iowa District 01 | Allamakee, Bremer, Buchanan, Clayton, Dubuque, Fayette, Howard, Jackson, Jones, Marshall, Mitchell, Poweshiek, Tama, Winneshiek, Worth | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Lean R, Former D |
Iowa District 02 | Cedar, Clarke, Clinton, Des Moines, Jasper, Jefferson, Lee, Louisa, Muscatine, Wapello | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Lean D |
Iowa District 03 | Union | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Iowa District 04 | Boone, Cerro Gordo, Chickasaw, Floyd, Webster | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Kentucky District 05 | Elliott | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Maine District 01 | Kennebec | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
D Trending R |
Maine District 02 | Kennebec, Androscoggin, Aroostook, Franklin, Oxford, Penobscot, Somerset, Washington | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Lean R, Former D |
Michigan District 01 | Gogebic, Manistee | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Michigan District 02 | Lake | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Michigan District 03 | Calhoun | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Michigan District 04 | Isabella, Saginaw, Shiawassee | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Michigan District 05 | Saginaw, Bay | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
Michigan District 06 | Van Buren | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Michigan District 07 | Eaton, Monroe | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Michigan District 09 | Macomb | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
Michigan District 10 | Macomb | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Minnesota District 01 | Blue Earth, Fillmore, Freeborn, Houston, Mower, Nicollet, Rice, Winona | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
D Trending R |
Minnesota District 02 | Rice | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Lean R |
Minnesota District 07 | Beltrami, Chippewa, Clay, Kittson, Lac qui Parle, Mahnomen, Norman, Swift, Traverse | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
D Trending R |
Minnesota District 08 | Beltrami, Itasca, Koochiching | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
D Trending R |
Mississippi District 01 | Chickasaw | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Mississippi District 02 | Panola | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
Montana's At-large District | Blaine, Hill, Roosevelt | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Nebraska District 01 | Thurston | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
New Hampshire District 01 | Hillsborough | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Tossup |
New Hampshire District 02 | Hillsborough, Coos, Sullivan | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Lean D |
New Jersey District 01 | Gloucester | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
New Jersey District 02 | Gloucester, Salem | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
New Mexico District 01 | Valencia | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
New Mexico District 02 | Valencia, Hidalgo | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
New Mexico District 03 | Colfax | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
New York District 01 | Suffolk | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R, Former D |
New York District 02 | Suffolk | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
New York District 03 | Suffolk | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
D Trending R |
New York District 18 | Orange | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
New York District 19 | Broome, Otsego, Rensselaer, Sullivan | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Lean R |
New York District 20 | Rensselaer, Saratoga | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
New York District 21 | Broome, Saratoga, Essex, Franklin, St. Lawrence, Warren, Washington | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R, Former D |
New York District 22 | Cortland, Madison, Oswego | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Lean R |
New York District 23 | Seneca | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
New York District 24 | Oswego, Cayuga | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R, Former D |
New York District 26 | Niagara | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
New York District 27 | Niagara | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
North Carolina District 01 | Gates, Granville, Martin | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Redistricting |
North Carolina District 07 | Bladen, Robeson | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Redistricting |
North Carolina District 09 | Bladen, Richmond, Robeson | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Redistricting |
North Dakota's At-large District | Benson, Ransom, Sargent, Steele | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Ohio District 04 | Erie, Sandusky | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Ohio District 05 | Ottawa, Wood | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Ohio District 07 | Stark | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Ohio District 09 | Erie, Ottawa | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
Ohio District 10 | Montgomery | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Ohio District 13 | Stark, Portage, Trumbull | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
Ohio District 14 | Portage, Trumbull, Ashtabula | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Ohio District 16 | Stark, Portage | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Oregon District 01 | Columbia | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
Oregon District 05 | Tillamook | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
Pennsylvania District 03 | Erie | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Pennsylvania District 05 | Erie | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Pennsylvania District 11 | Luzerne | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Pennsylvania District 15 | Northampton | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Pennsylvania District 17 | Luzerne, Northampton | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
D Trending R |
Rhode Island District 02 | Kent | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
South Carolina District 01 | Colleton | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
South Carolina District 02 | Barnwell | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
South Carolina District 03 | McCormick | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
South Carolina District 05 | Chester | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
South Carolina District 06 | Colleton, Calhoun | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
South Dakota At-large District | Corson, Day, Marshall, Roberts, Ziebach | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Tennessee District 07 | Hardeman | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Texas District 14 | Jefferson | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Vermont At-large District | Essex | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
Virginia District 01 | Caroline, Essex, Westmoreland | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Redistricting |
Virginia District 04 | Chesapeake City | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Redistricting |
Virginia District 05 | Buckingham, Nelson | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Redistricting |
Virginia District 09 | Covington City | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Redistricting |
Washington District 03 | Cowlitz, Pacific | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Washington District 06 | Clallam, Grays Harbor, Mason | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
Washington District 10 | Mason | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
Wisconsin District 01 | Kenosha, Racine | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Wisconsin District 02 | Lafayette, Richland, Sauk | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
Wisconsin District 03 | Richland, Adams, Buffalo, Crawford, Dunn, Grant, Jackson, Juneau, Pepin, Trempealeau, Vernon | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid D |
Wisconsin District 06 | Columbia, Marquette, Winnebago | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Wisconsin District 07 | Jackson, Juneau, Forest, Lincoln, Price, Sawyer | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
Wisconsin District 08 | Winnebago, Door | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Solid R |
See also
- Pivot Counties: The counties that voted Obama-Obama-Trump from 2008-2016
- Pivot counties: How Obama-Obama-Trump counties voted in the 2018 U.S. House elections
- Election results, 2020: Pivot Counties in the 2020 presidential election
Footnotes
- ↑ The raw data for this study was provided by Dave Leip of Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 This Senate seat up for election in 2018 was held by an independent. Both independent members of the Senate caucused with the Democratic Party, so they were included here.
|