Proof of citizenship requirements for voter registration by state
|
|
 |
| Select a state from the menu below to learn more about its voting policies. |
All 49 states with voter registration systems require applicants to declare that they are U.S. citizens in order to register to vote in state and federal elections, under penalty of perjury or other punishment.[1][2]
Some states have enacted laws requiring individuals to provide proof of citizenship at the time of voter registration or if there are questions regarding their citizenship status.
- By the numbers
- Twelve states — Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Hampshire, Ohio, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming — have laws requiring proof of citizenship to register to vote in at least some cases.[3]
- As of March 2026, Alabama and Louisiana have not implemented their proof of citizenship laws. A federal court blocked Kansas' proof of citizenship law in 2018.
- One state, Ohio, requires proof of citizenship only when registering to vote at a Bureau of Motor Vehicles facility.
- Three states, Florida, Georgia, and Mississippi, require proof of citizenship at the time of registration if a person's citizenship status cannot be confirmed by other means.
- The other 40 states with voter registration systems require applicants to declare that they are U.S. citizens to register to vote in state and federal elections.
In 1996, the U.S. Congress passed a law prohibiting noncitizens from voting in federal elections, including elections for the U.S. House, U.S. Senate, and presidential elections. This law does not apply to elections for state and local offices.[4] Click here for more information about laws permitting noncitizens to vote in local elections in the United States.
- Proof of citizenship requirements in the United StatesProof of citizenship requirements nationally
- State laws requiring proof of citizenshipState laws on the issue
- State legislation related to proof of citizenship requirementsProposed legislation on the issue
Proof of citizenship requirements in the United States
The map below indicates which U.S. states have laws requiring proof of citizenship to vote, including those in effect as of March 2026.
State laws requiring proof of citizenship
Alabama
An Alabama state law, passed in 2011, requires people to provide proof of U.S. citizenship when registering to vote.[5] However, as of February 2026, the law had not been implemented.[6][7]
An individual applying to register to vote must attest that they are a U.S. citizen under penalty of perjury.[8]
Arizona
Arizona requires voters to submit proof of citizenship with their voter registration application to vote in state and local elections.[9] According to the Arizona Secretary of State's website: "A registrant who attests to being a citizen but fails to provide proof of citizenship and whose citizenship is not otherwise verified will be eligible to vote only in federal elections (known as being a "federal only" voter)."[10] Accepted proof of citizenship include:[10]
- An Arizona Driver's License/Identification Number
- Indian Census Number, Bureau of Indian Affairs Card Number, Tribal Treaty Card Number, or Tribal Enrollment Number
- A photocopy of U.S. naturalization documents
- A photocopy of a birth certificate and supporting legal documentation (i.e., marriage certificate) if the name on the birth certificate is not the same as your current legal name.
- A photocopy of a U.S. passport.
- A photocopy of a Tribal Certificate of Indian Blood or Bureau of Indian Affairs Affidavit of Birth.
Voters who move to a new county must provide proof of citizenship when they re-register to vote.[9]
Florida
Starting January 1, 2027, Florida requires officials to verify whether a prospective voter provided proof of citizenship when applying for a driver’s license or state ID card. If not, the person must provide proof of citizenship to be registered to vote. This also applies to individuals who are updating their registration with a change of name, address, or party affiliation.[11]
Documents acceptable as proof of citizenship include:[11]
| “ | (a) An original or certified copy of a United States birth certificate.
(b) A valid, unexpired United States passport.
|
” |
If a person appears to vote who did not provide proof of citizenship, they would be issued a provisional ballot. The ballot would only be counted if they provided proof of citizenship before 5 p.m. on the second day following the election.[11]
Georgia
Georgia compares the driver's license number or Social Security number on a person's voter registration form against state records to see if a person has provided proof of citizenship previously when applying for a driver's license or ID card. If they have not, an individual will be notified that they must provide proof of citizenship to vote.[13][14]
Kansas
In 2011, Kansas enacted a law requiring voters to provide proof of U.S. citizenship when registering to vote, with the law taking effect in 2013. However, the provision was challenged in court in 2016. On June 18, 2018, Judge Julie Robinson, of the United States District Court for the District of Kansas, struck down the proof of citizenship requirement and ordered Secretary of State Kris Kobach (R) to stop enforcing the rule.[15] On June 20, 2018, Kobach’s office advised county clerks to comply with Robinson’s order.[16] Kobach appealed the decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, which heard oral arguments on March 18, 2019. On April 29, 2020, a Tenth Circuit panel affirmed the district court's ruling.[17][18] In 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal by Kansas in the case, allowing Robinson's ruling to stand.[19]
Louisiana
Louisiana state law requires a voter registration applicant to provide proof of citizenship to register to vote.[20] As of February 2026, the state had not implemented the requirement.[21][22]
Mississippi
All voter registration applications are checked against state driver's license data. If a person is flagged as a possible non-citizen or a driver's license number cannot be found, the registrar is notified, and the person is checked against the United States Citizenship and Immigration Service’s Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements (SAVE) system. If the SAVE data or state driver's license records indicate a person is a non-citizen, the person will be notified that they must provide proof of citizenship to vote.[23][24] Accepted proof of citizenship includes:
- A birth certificate, including a legible photocopy.
- A U.S. passport, including a legible photocopy of the passport pages identifying the applicant and showing the passport number.
- Naturalization documents, including a photocopy of the naturalization documents, and the number of the applicant's certificate of naturalization.
- Any document deemed to be proof of citizenship under the Federal Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.[23]
New Hampshire
New Hampshire requires voters to provide proof of citizenship when registering to vote. Gov. Chris Sununu (R) signed HB 1569 into law on September 17, 2024. The legislation required voter registration applicants to provide one of the following at the time of registration:[25]
- A birth certificate,
- A passport,
- Naturalization papers if the applicant is a naturalized citizen, or
- Any other reasonable documentation which indicates the applicant is a United States citizen.[26]
Voters moving to a different town or city do not need to provide proof of citizenship if the clerk "confirms through the centralized voter registration database ... or other official records that the applicant was previously or is currently registered to vote in New Hampshire."[25]
Ohio
Ohio requires those registering to vote or updating their voter registration information at a Bureau of Motor Vehicles facility to provide proof of citizenship before being allowed to do so.[27] Individuals registering to vote in other settings do not have to provide proof of citizenship but must attest to their citizenship in a sworn statement.[28]
South Dakota
Individuals must provide proof of citizenship in South Dakota when registering to vote. Individuals who do not provide proof of citizenship must be designated as a federal-only voter. The following documents are acceptable as proof of citizenship:[29]
| “ | (1) The individual's South Dakota driver license or nondriver identification card, provided that the license or identification card was issued after July 1, 2025, and indicates that the individual has provided sufficient documentation to demonstrate that the individual is a United States citizen;
(2) A valid driver license or nondriver identification card issued by any other state or territory of the United States, provided that the license or identification card indicates that the individual has provided sufficient documentation to demonstrate that the individual is a United States citizen; (3) The individual's tribal identification card; or (4) A legible photocopy of: (a) The individual's birth certificate; (b) The pages of the individual's United States passport, which identify the applicant and show the individual's passport number; (c) A consular report of birth abroad issued by the United States Department of State for the individual; (d) The individual's certificate of naturalization; or (e) Any other type of acceptable documentary evidence of citizenship permitted under 42 C.F.R. § 436.407 (January 1, 2026). If an individual provides a copy of the individual's certificate of naturalization, the county auditor must verify the number of the certificate of naturalization with the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service.[12] |
” |
Individuals who are already registered to vote and are updating their name, address, or contact information do not need to provide proof of citizenship.[30]
Utah
Starting on May 6, 2026, Utah requires individuals to provide proof of citizenship to vote in state elections. Individuals who register to vote without providing proof of citizenship are allowed to vote a federal-only ballot that includes federal races, but not state ones. The following documents can be used as proof of citizenship:[31]
| “ | (a) a Utah driver license number that verifies United States citizenship;
|
” |
Wyoming
Wyoming requires voters to provide proof of citizenship. Accepted proof of citizenship includes:
- A valid state ID or driver's license, provided the ID does not indicate the person is a noncitizen,
- A valid tribal ID, provided the ID does not indicate the person is a noncitizen,
- A valid driver's license or ID card from another state that was issued in accordance with the REAL ID Act, provided it does not indicate the individual is not a U.S. citizen,
- A valid U.S. passport,
- A certificate of U.S. citizenship or naturalization,
- A selective service registration acknowledgement card or military draft record.
- A consular report of a birth abroad issued by the State Department, or
- An original or certified copy of a birth certificate in the U.S. bearing an official seal.[32][33]
Voters who move to a different county or update their party affiliation must submit a new registration and submit proof of citizenship. Those who are moving within their county or updating their name or contact information do not need to submit proof of citizenship.[34]
The table below lists bills related to proof of citizenship requirements introduced during (or carried over to) each state's regular legislative session this year. The following information is included for each bill:
- State
- Bill number
- Official bill name or caption
- Most recent action date
- Legislative status
- Sponsor party
- Topics dealt with by the bill
Bills are organized by state and then by most recent action. The table displays up to 100 results. To view more bills, use the arrows in the upper-right corner. Clicking on a bill will open its page on Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker, which includes bill details and a summary.
Noteworthy events
Wyoming enacts documentary proof of citizenship law without governor's signature
On March 31, 2025, HB 156 became law without the signature or Gov, Mark Gordon (R).
The bill required individuals to provide documentary proof of citizenship when registering to vote or updating their registration.[33] It established valid documentation as a state or tribal ID that did not indicate the individual was not a U.S. citizen, a U.S. passport, a certificates of citizenship or naturalization, a selective service registration acknowledgement card, documentation of a birth abroad issued by the State Department, or an original or certified copy of a birth certificate.[33]The bill also established that an individual must be a resident of the state for at least 30 days before an election to be eligible to register to vote and vote in that election.[33]
Gov. Gordon said he would not sign the legislation because existing state and federal requirements made the legislation redundant, and it also did not adequately clarify enforcement authority. He wrote, "Considering the constitutional requirements already present in our Constitution and statutes, I do not believe the tweaks in this Act will present much of a change from the diligence clerks currently exhibit, though there always is a potential for unintended consequences."[35]
Gordon also said that Section 2 of Article 6 of the Wyoming Constitution already required an individual be a Wyoming resident for at least one year before voting in an election in the state, but that the section was not enforced because it conflicted with the 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which established a voting age of 18, and 52 U.S.C. § 10502, which said that "[n]o citizen of the United States who is otherwise qualified to vote in any election for President and Vice President shall be denied the right to vote... in such election because of the failure of such citizen to comply with any durational residency requirement of such State."[35][36]
Despite reservations, Gordon said, "Because I believe in adequate checks to ensure only qualified electors can vote, I am allowing this bill to become law despite the likelihood that it will invite litigation."[35]
Secretary of State Chuck Gray (R) praised passage of the bill, saying in a statement that, "HB 156 makes Wyoming the first state in the nation to apply proof of citizenship for registering to vote for all elections. This was the first priority of our conservative election integrity reform agenda. It will ensure that we protect Wyoming elections, and is also key in supporting President Trump’s pivotal work to have proof of citizenship for registering to vote with the SAVE Act at the federal level."[37]
Wyoming became the ninth state to adopt a law requiring documentary proof of citizenship to register to vote for at least some elections, although not all of those states' laws were in effect at the time HB 156 passed.
Ninth Circuit panel upholds limit on Arizona requirement of documentary proof of citizenship to register to vote (2025)
On February 25, 2025, a panel of the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals issued an opinion in a consolidated case that challenged parts of the state's requirement for documentary proof of citizenship at the time of voter registration. The panel upheld a lower court's ruling in favor of the plaintiffs and barred the requirement for documentary proof of citizenship to register for federal elections, whether using the federal voter registration form as provided for in the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) or a state-provided voter registration form. The court also ruled that if a voter registration applicant using the federal form provided proof of citizenship at the time of the registration, then that voter must also be registered for state elections.[38][39]
As of March 5, one provision of the order—holding that applicants who swear under penalty of perjury that they are a citizen on the state registration form have the right to be registered for federal elections—was subject to a temporary stay issued by the U.S. Supreme Court on August 22, 2024. That stay would be in place either until the Supreme Court denied an appeal or issued a final order.[38][40][41]
In effect, the ruling means that the state's voter registration form must function as a federal registration form and that the federal form must be reciprocal for state registration if the voter provides documentary proof of citizenship.
SCOTUS issues emergency stay allowing partial enforcement of proof of citizenship requirements (2024)
On August 22, 2024, the U.S. Supreme Court issued an emergency order partially granting the Republican National Committee (RNC) and Arizona Republicans' request to enforce portions of a 2022 law related to proof of citizenship requirements for voter registration.[42][43]
In a 5-4 ruling, the court reinstated a provision of the law requiring election officials to reject state voter registration forms submitted without proof of citizenship (rather than allowing such applicants to vote in federal elections only). In February 2024, a federal district court issued an order preventing the state from enforcing much of the law after President Joe Biden's (D) administration and advocacy groups filed a challenge.[44] The decision was appealed to the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, and a request for a stay reached the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court granted a partial stay, leaving in place the district court's order as it affected other parts of the law pending appeal, including blocking a requirement for election officials to verify the citizenship of voters who submitted a federally provided application without proof of citizenship, and blocking a prohibition on federal-form applicants whose citizenship could not be verified from voting for president or voting by mail.[42][43] The U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals ultimately blocked enforcement of these provisions in the February 2025 consolidated opinion referenced above.
Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court John Roberts joined Justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito, Neil Gorsuch, and Brett Kavanaugh in partially granting the request. Justices Thomas, Alito, and Gorsuch said that they would have granted the full request to reinstate the 2022 law. Justices Sonia Sotomayor, Elena Kagan, Amy Coney Barrett, and Ketanji Brown Jackson said that they would have denied the request in full.[42][45][46]
Gov. Ducey (R) signs HB 2492 and initial legal challenges (2022)
On March 30, 2022, Governor Doug Ducey (R) signed HB 2492 into law, which required election officials to reject any application submitted using the state-provided voter registration form that did not include proof of citizenship, including as voters for federal elections. The law also required applicants submitting the federally provided form to include proof of citizenship and required election officials to "use all available resources to verify the citizenship status of the applicant" if they failed to do so. If election officials could not confirm the applicant's citizenship, they would notify the voter that they were not eligible to vote for president or to vote by mail. These voters would still be allowed to vote in person for members of Congress.[47] The bill cleared the Arizona House of Representatives by a vote of 31-25, with all Republicans voting in favor and all Democrats against, and the Arizona State Senate approved the bill 16-12, also along party lines.[48]
Arizona law has required voter registration applicants to provide proof of citizenship to vote since 2005. However, federal courts ruled in 2013 that this requirement conflicted with the NVRA, which requires a declaration of U.S. citizenship under penalty of perjury but does not require documentary proof. In response, Arizona created a two-track system that allowed applications to register to vote using a state-provided form, or the federally provided form. Qualified applicants who submitted an application using the federally provided application but who did not submit proof of citizenship were registered to vote in federal elections only, also known as federal-only voters, while applicants who applied using the state-provided form without proof of citizenship were rejected. However, under a 2018 ruling, qualified applicants who submitted a state-provided registration form without proof of citizenship were registered as federal-only voters and permitted to vote in federal, but not state, elections.
On July 5, 2022, the Justice Department of the Biden administration sued to block implementation of HB 2492.[49] On September 14, 2023, U.S. District Judge Susan Bolton of the U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona issued an order in which she wrote that "Section 6 of the NVRA preempts H.B. 2492's restriction on registration for presidential elections and voting by mail" and that "Arizona must ... register otherwise eligible State Form users without [documentary proof of citizenship] for federal elections."[50] Bolton issued a final judgment in the case on May 2, 2024.[51] Intervenor defendants including the RNC and the Republican Party of Arizona appealed that decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit where, according to reporting from CBS, "a three-judge panel [then] initially agreed to temporarily halt a portion of the district court's order. But a separate group of judges assigned to decide the merits of the case put the lower court's entire injunction back into effect."[52] After the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the lower court's ruling, the RNC and Arizona Republicans appealed the case to the Supreme Court.[53][46][54]
Federal judge strikes down Kansas proof of citizenship requirement (2018)
On June 18, 2018, federal Judge Julie Robinson, of the United States District Court for the District of Kansas, struck down a provision of 2011 House Bill 2067, also called the SAFE Act, establishing that Kansans must present proof of citizenship in order to register to vote (documentary proof of citizenship, or DPOC, law). Robinson ordered Secretary of State Kris Kobach (R) to ensure that "all elections-related public education materials ... make clear that voter registration applicants need not provide DPOC in order to become registered to vote, and need not provide any additional information in order to complete their voter registration applications." Kobach's office initially advised county clerks to continue enforcing the DPOC law pending further written guidance, but advised county clerks on June 20, 2018, to comply with Robinson's order.[55][56]
Robinson's ruling came as the result of two separate lawsuits, which were consolidated for trial: Fish v. Kobach and Bednasek v. Kobach. Robinson wrote the following in her ruling:
| “ | [The] magnitude of the burden on unregistered eligible Kansas voters cannot be justified by the State interests relied on by the Defendant [i.e., Kris Kobach (R), in his capacity as secretary of state]. The evidence at trial demonstrated that those interests, while legitimate, are not furthered by the DPOC law. Instead, the DPOC law disproportionately impacts duly qualified registration applications, while only nominally preventing noncitizen voter registration. It also may have the inadvertent effect of eroding, instead of maintaining, confidence in the electoral system given the confusing, evolving, and inconsistent enforcement of the DPOC laws since 2013.[12] | ” |
Robinson also ordered Kobach to take six additional hours of continuing legal education courses pertaining to federal or state civil rules of procedure or evidence.[57]
Danedri Herbert, a spokeswoman for Kobach, criticized the decision: "Robinson is the first judge in the country to come to the extreme conclusion that requiring a voter to prove his citizenship is unconstitutional. Her conclusion is incorrect, and it is inconsistent with precedents of the U.S. Supreme Court."[58]
In 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal by Kansas in the case, allowing Robinson's ruling to stand.[59]
Explore election legislation with Ballotpedia
Try Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation TrackerBallotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker provides daily updates on legislative activity related to election policy in all 50 states.
Our election policy experts translate complex bill text into easy-to-understand summaries. And because it's from Ballotpedia, our legislation tracker is guaranteed to be neutral, unbiased, and nonpartisan.
Read Ballotpedia's State of Election Administration Legislation ReportsBallotpedia publishes regular analysis of election administration legislation, including three full reports per year, providing ongoing coverage of legislative activity affecting election policy in each state.
These reports deliver insights into partisan priorities, dive deep into notable trends, and highlight activity in key states.
Subscribe to The Ballot BulletinThe Ballot Bulletin is a weekly email that delivers the latest updates on election policy.
The newsletter tracks developments in election policy around the country, including legislative activity, big-picture trends, and recent news. Each email contains in-depth data from our Election Administration Legislation Tracker.
See also
- Documentary proof of citizenship for voting
- Laws permitting noncitizens to vote in the United States
- Arguments for and against laws permitting noncitizens to vote in the United States
- Debate over the prevalence of noncitizens voting
- Immigration in the United States
- Immigration Policy
Footnotes
- ↑ North Dakota does not have a voter registration system
- ↑ Under federal law, the national mail voter registration application (a version of which is in use in all states with voter registration systems) requires applicants to indicate that they are U.S. citizens in order to complete an application to vote in state or federal elections, but does not require voters to provide documentary proof of citizenship. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, the application "may require only the minimum amount of information necessary to prevent duplicate voter registrations and permit State officials both to determine the eligibility of the applicant to vote and to administer the voting process."
- ↑ Florida's law takes effect on January 1, 2027
- ↑ Cornell Law School, "18 U.S. Code § 611 - Voting by aliens," accessed January 27, 2026
- ↑ The Alabama Legislature, "Ala. Code § 31-13-28," accessed January 27, 2026
- ↑ Phone conversation between Amée LaTour and Jeff Elrod, supervisor of voter registration with the Alabama Secretary of State office.
- ↑ Alabama Secretary of State, "Voter Registration General Information," accessed January 27, 2026
- ↑ Alabama Secretary of State, "State of Alabama Voter Registration Form," accessed November 24, 2025
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Arizona Legislature, "Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 16-166," accessed March 16, 2026
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Arizona Secretary of State, "Voters," accessed January 27, 2026
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Florida House, "HB 0991," accessed April 1, 2026
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "States Consider Options to Ensure That Noncitizens Aren’t Voting," January 30, 2025
- ↑ Georgia Secretary of State, "FAQs," accessed February 5, 2026
- ↑ United States District Court for the District of Kansas, "Fish v. Kobach and Bednasek v. Kobach: Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law," June 18, 2018
- ↑ The Topeka Capital-Journal, "Kobach's office tells counties to stop asking for proof of citizenship," June 20, 2018
- ↑ AP News, "Kansas hopes to resurrect proof-of-citizenship voting law," March 18, 2019
- ↑ United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, "Fish v. Schwab: Opinion and Order," April 29, 2020
- ↑ Topeka Capital-Journal, "U.S. Supreme Court won’t take up proof-of-citizenship case, dealing blow to Kobach’s legacy," December 14, 2020
- ↑ Louisiana State Legislature, "La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 18:104," accessed March 16, 2026
- ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "Louisiana Voter Registration Application," accessed January 27, 2026
- ↑ United States District Court For The Middle District of Louisiana, "DEFENDANTS’ MEMORANDUM OF LAW IN SUPPORT OF THEIR MOTION TO DISMISS PLAINTIFFS’ AMENDED COMPLAINT," December 23, 2025
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 LexisNexis, "Miss. Code Ann. § 23-15-15," accessed April 2, 2026
- ↑ Mississippi Legislature, "Senate Bill No. 2588," accessed April 2, 2026
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 "N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 654:12," accessed March 16, 2026
- ↑ General Court of New Hampshire, "CHAPTER 378 HB 1569-FN - FINAL VERSION," accessed January 27, 2026
- ↑ BillTrack50, "Ohio HB54," accessed January 27, 2026
- ↑ Columbus Dispatch, "Advocates sue Ohio over law requiring proof of citizenship to register to vote at BMV," August 26, 2025
- ↑ South Dakota Legislative Research Council, "Senate Bill 175," accessed March 30, 2026
- ↑ South Dakota Searchlight, "South Dakota governor signs bill into law requiring proof of citizenship for new voter registrations," March 26, 2026
- ↑ Utah State Legislature, "HB 209," accessed April 1, 2026
- ↑ Wyoming Secretary of State, "Welcome to the FAQs," accessed March 16, 2026
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 Wyoming Legislature, "Legislation 2025, HB0156 - Proof of voter residency-registration qualifications." accessed March 16, 2026
- ↑ Andrew Bahl, "Phone call with Paul Raines, Wyoming Secretary of State's office," March 25, 2026]
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Wyoming Governor Mark Gordon, "No signature of House Enrolled Act 0057/ House Bill 156 - Proof of voter residency-registration qualifications," March 21, 2025
- ↑ House.gov, "52 USC 10502: Residence requirements for voting," accessed March 16, 2026
- ↑ CHUCK GRAY, WYOMING SECRETARY OF STATE, "Secretary Gray Celebrates Passage of First Priority of Election Integrity Reform Agenda with Bill Requiring Proof of U.S. Citizenship, Residency to Vote Becoming Law," March 21, 2025
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 Election Law Blog, "9th Circuit affirms limits on AZ proof of citizenship laws," February 25, 2025
- ↑ United States Court of Appeals For the Ninth Circuit, "Mi Familia Vota v. Fontes, D.C. No. 2:22-cv-00509-SRB," February 25, 2025
- ↑ Democracy Docket, "Arizona Citizenship Requirement Challenge (Mi Familia Vota)," accessed March 5, 2025
- ↑ Supreme Court of the United States, "Miscellaneous Order (08/22/2024)," August 22, 2024
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 United States Supreme Court, "No. 24A164," accessed August 23, 2024
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 SCOTUSblog, "Justices allow Arizona to enforce proof-of-citizenship law for 2024 voter registration," August 22, 2024
- ↑ The Wall Street Journal, "Biden Administration Sues Arizona Over Proof-of-Citizenship Voter Law," July 5, 2022
- ↑ Supreme Court of the United States, "Miscellaneous Order (08/22/2024)," August 22, 2024
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 Reuters, "US Supreme Court partly revives Arizona's proof of citizenship voter law," August 23, 2024
- ↑ Arizona Legislature, "HOUSE BILL 2492," accessed August 26, 2024
- ↑ Arizona Legislature, "HB2492," accessed April 6, 2022
- ↑ Office of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of Justice, "Justice Department Files Lawsuit Against the State of Arizona Over Restrictive Voter Registration Requirements," July 5, 2022
- ↑ FindLaw, "Mi Familia Vota v. Fontes (2023)," September 14, 2023
- ↑ PacerMonitor, "No. CV-22-00509-PHX-SRB Final Judgment," May 2, 2024
- ↑ CBS News, "Supreme Court partially revives Arizona voter proof-of-citizenship requirement," August 22, 2024
- ↑ United States Supreme Court, "REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE, ET AL. APPLICANTS, v. MI FAMILIA VOTA, ET AL., APPENDIX TO EMERGENCY APPLICATION FOR STAY," August 1, 2024
- ↑ CNN, "Supreme Court blocks some of Arizona proof-of-citizenship requirements for November election," August 22, 2024
- ↑ United States District Court for the District of Kansas, "Fish v. Kobach and Bednasek v. Kobach: Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law," June 18, 2018
- ↑ The Topeka Capital-Journal, "Kobach's office tells counties to stop asking for proof of citizenship," June 20, 2018
- ↑ United States District Court for the District of Kansas, "Fish v. Kobach and Bednasek v. Kobach: Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law," June 18, 2018
- ↑ The Topeka Capital-Journal, "Judge sides with ACLU in voter registration fight, orders Kobach to go to school," June 18, 2018
- ↑ Topeka Capital-Journal, "U.S. Supreme Court won’t take up proof-of-citizenship case, dealing blow to Kobach’s legacy," December 14, 2020
