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Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2020 (July 14 Democratic primary runoff)

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Texas' 31st Congressional District
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Democratic primary
Democratic primary runoff
Republican primary
General election
Election details
Filing deadline: December 9, 2019
Primary: March 3, 2020
Primary runoff: July 14, 2020
General: November 3, 2020
Pre-election incumbent:
John Carter (Republican)
How to vote
Poll times: 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.
Voting in Texas
Race ratings
Cook Political Report: Lean Republican
Inside Elections: Solid Republican
Sabato's Crystal Ball: Likely Republican
Ballotpedia analysis
U.S. Senate battlegrounds
U.S. House battlegrounds
Federal and state primary competitiveness
Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2020
See also
Texas' 31st Congressional District
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Texas elections, 2020
U.S. Congress elections, 2020
U.S. Senate elections, 2020
U.S. House elections, 2020

Donna Imam defeated Christine Eady Mann in the July 14, 2020, Democratic primary runoff for Texas' 31st Congressional District. Imam received 57% of the vote to Eady Mann's 43%.

Eady Mann, a family practice physician, said she was "not just a one-on-one person with a patient. I have also done the business side of medicine where I was negotiating with major players."[1] Eady Mann ran for the U.S. House in District 31 in 2018. She advanced to the Democratic primary runoff where she lost to M.J. Hegar.

Imam cited her computer engineering background, saying, "My experience in product, financial analysis, and cost reduction have made me apt at solving complicated challenges."[2] She was also a board member of ProductCamp Austin, a nonprofit focused on continuing education.[2]

In response to a questionnaire prepared by the Austin American-Statesman prior to the March 3 primary, both candidates were asked to list the issue most important to them in the race. Eady Mann said, "Saving our environment and planet from pollution and climate change with aggressive policies to restore the regulations that have been rolled back in the Trump era."[3] Imam said the most important issue to her in the race was "the constant economic anxiety experienced by middle-class and working class families, students and recent graduates, and retirees on a fixed income."[3]

Eady Mann was endorsed by the Austin American-Statesman.[4] In their endorsement, the editorial board cited the experience of Eady Mann's campaign staff and said, "A member of the healthcare advisory board for state Rep. John Bucy III, Mann is steeped in policy details, data and studies."[5] Imam was endorsed by former 2020 presidential candidate Andrew Yang (D), who said, "Imam is one of the most solutions-oriented candidates I've ever spoken to, which is no surprise as she's an engineer and entrepreneur."[6] To see more endorsements in this race, click here.

In the March 3 Democratic primary, Eady Mann received 38.9% of the vote and Imam received 34.4%. A candidate needed more than 50% of the vote to win the primary outright.

Imam faced incumbent Rep. John Carter (R) in the general election on November 3, 2020. Carter, who represented the district since its creation in 2003, won re-election in 2018 by a margin of 50.6% to 47.7% against M.J. Hegar (D). Hegar was the first Democratic candidate to win over 40% of the vote in a general election in the district. Heading into the election, Democrats held a 232-197 majority in the U.S. House. Click here to learn more about what's at stake in the general election.

Click on candidate names below to view their key messages:


Imam
Eady Mann



This page focuses on Texas' 31st Congressional District Democratic primary. For more in-depth information on the district's Republican primary and the general election, see the following pages:

Republican Party Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2020 (March 3 Republican primary)
Independent Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2020

Election procedure changes in 2020

See also: Changes to election dates, procedures, and administration in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020

Ballotpedia provided comprehensive coverage of how election dates and procedures changed in 2020. While the majority of changes occurred as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, some changes occurred for other reasons.

Texas modified its primary election process as follows:

  • Election postponements: The primary runoff elections were postponed from May 26 to July 14.
  • Political party events: The Republican Party of Texas convention, scheduled for July 16-18 in Houston, was cancelled. The party conducted its convention online.

For a full timeline about election modifications made in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, click here.


Candidates and election results

Democratic primary runoff election

Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Texas District 31

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Donna Imam
Donna Imam
 
56.6
 
21,026
Image of Christine Eady Mann
Christine Eady Mann
 
43.4
 
16,109

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 37,135
(100.00% precincts reporting)
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Candidate profiles

This section includes candidate profiles created in one of two ways. Either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey or Ballotpedia staff created a profile after identifying the candidate as noteworthy.[7] Ballotpedia staff compiled profiles based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements.

Donna Imam

Image of Donna Imam

WebsiteFacebookTwitterYouTube

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: No

Political Office: None

Biography:  Imam graduated from Trine University with a B.S. in electrical enginerring. She received an M.S. in electrical and computer engineering from Purdue University. She worked as a computer engineer and product manager at technology companies like Siemens and Dell. In 2014, she founded Inteleaf, a business-to-business technology company.


Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.

Imam said that her background in computer engineering and as an entrepreneur made her suited to finding solutions for complicated challenges.

Imam said "Veterans should not have to spend a whole day driving to a VA clinic only to be denied care or require an advocate to receive what they have earned."

Imam said most Americans had been left behind economically and said she would require businesses compensate workers enough to afford a commute, save for retirement, and seek career advancement opportunities.

Show sources

Sources: Facebook, "Vote Donna US Congress TX31," February 16, 2020, Imam 2020 campaign website, "Veterans," accessed March 17, 2020, Imam 2020 campaign website, "Solutions," accessed March 17, 2020; Imam 2020 campaign website, "Why," accessed March 17, 2020, LinkedIn, "Donna Imam," accessed March 17, 2020

This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Texas District 31 in 2020.

Christine Eady Mann

Image of Christine Eady Mann

WebsiteFacebookTwitterYouTube

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: No

Political Office: None

Biography:  Eady Mann graduated from the University of Texas at Arlington. She received her medical degree from the Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine at the University of North Texas in 1995. She was a physician and owner of Cornerwood Familiy Medicine Associaties from 1999-2010, at which point she became a physician at Northwest Diagnostic Clinic. In 2018, Eady Mann was a Democratic candidate in the 31st District primary and advanced to the runoff.


Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.

Mann said she supported Medicare for All and emphasized her medical background as a family care physician and owner of a healthcare facility.

Mann said her campaign staff had the experience that would set them up to win the election. She said, collectively, her campaign staff had worked on 37 political campaigns ranging from city councils to presidential races.

Mann said she had been involved in the community and worked across the aisle in forums, panels, and with the Round Rock city council.

Mann said that she was a daugher and granddaughter of veterans and said, "Our military personnel deserve our support both during and after their service. They and their families face unique challenges given the rigor and requirements of their service."

Show sources

Sources: Austin Chronicle, "Dems Vie for Incumbent Rep. John Carter's Round Rock Seat," August 30, 2019, YouTube, "Statesman endorsement interview: U.S. House 31," February 10, 2020, Eady Mann 2020 campaign website, "Our Military," accessed March 17, 2020, Eady Mann 2020 campaign website, "About the Campaign," accessed March 17, 2020; Eady Mann 2020 campaign website, "About Christine," accessed March 17, 2020, Co-Ops Vote, "Candidate Detail," accesed March 17, 2020, LinkedIn, "Dr. Christine (Eady) Mann," accessed March 17, 2020

This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Texas District 31 in 2020.


Noteworthy primary endorsements

This section includes noteworthy endorsements issued in the primary, added as we learn about them. Click here to read how we define noteworthy primary endorsements. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please email us.

If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please email us.

Click on the links below to view lists of endorsements on candidate websites, as available:

Runoff endorsements

This table covers endorsements issued after the March 3 primary, but ahead of the July 14 runoff.

Runoff election endorsements
Endorsement Imam Eady Mann
Newspapers
The Austin Chronicle[8] ✔
Individuals
Former 2020 presidential candidate Andrew Yang (D)[9] ✔
Democratic primary candidate Jon Curtis[10] ✔
Democratic primary candidate Eric Hanke[11] ✔
Democratic primary candidate Dan Janjigian[11] ✔
Democratic primary candidate Tammy Young[12] ✔
Organizations
American Federation of Government Employees[13] ✔
Clinicians for Progressive Care[14] ✔
LEAP Forward[15] ✔

Primary endorsements

This table covers endorsements issued before the March 3 primary.

Democratic primary endorsements
Endorsement Imam Eady Mann
Newspapers and editorials
Austin American-Statesman[4] ✔
Austin Chronicle[4] ✔
Individuals
Democratic primary candidate Murray Holcomb[4] ✔
Organizations
Demand Universal Healthcare[4] ✔
#VoteProChoice[4] ✔


Timeline

2020

Campaign themes

See also: Campaign themes

Donna Imam

Imam's campaign website stated the following:

“

Healthcare for All (HCA)

Problem:
The current cost of healthcare, health insurance and prescription drugs in the United States is simply unsustainable. In 2018 the United States spent $3.65 trillion dollars on healthcare while leaving almost 28 million Americans uninsured and 44 million underinsured. Underinsured Americans have health insurance but are unable to get care or forgo care because they can’t afford $10K deductibles and copays.
Solution:
Donna’s HealthCare for All (HCA):
  • Establishes a single-payer plan that fortifies and accelerates Medicare for All (M4A)
  • Scales healthcare infrastructure to cover everyone in the US
  • Drastically lowers the cost of healthcare and prescription drugs
  • Improves the quality of healthcare
  • Decouples health insurance from employers
  • Increases the number of healthcare professionals
  • Reduces health and maternal health disparities experienced by Black and Latino Americans
Benefit:
HCA provides better quality care, creates more choices and costs less than what taxpayers pay today, which makes HCA the fiscally responsible solution to the healthcare crisis that Americans face.

Education for All (EDA)

Problem:
Two-thirds of graduates carry over $30K in student loans, 1.5 times the total credit card debt. The federal government can garnish wages for defaulting on student loans without a court order. Filing bankruptcy is not an option, ever.
Falling behind in higher education is the single biggest threat to America’s national security. Economic powers like China are pouring capital into students making leaps in artificial intelligence, machine learning and the internet. They are gaining an insurmountable military and economic advantage over the United States.
Solution:
Donna’s Education for All (EDA):
  • Requires the immediate halt of the current federal loan program(s). Halts interest accrual on existing loans, provides a path to refinance into a new low-interest loan or an option to declare bankruptcy
  • Mandates public education institutions and trade schools to reduce the cost of higher education to half the current cost in four years
  • Establishes a bidding system by which federal funds are awarded to public educational institutions and trade schools that meet and excel in five measurable criteria
Benefit:
EDA offers every student the opportunity for higher education or trade school through a three tiered tuition-free, interest-free and low-interest loan program structured for repayment within a 10 year target. EDA guarantees access to higher education for every American protecting our national security.

Real Pay for All:

Problem:
The median wage for workers in the US in the first quarter of 2019 was $47,060 per year for a 40-hour workweek. That means half of all American workers make less than that.
40% of rural Americans have difficulty paying for basic needs such as housing, food and medical bills, and almost half said they could not handle an unplanned $1,000 bill. More than half of all Americans have no savings.
30% of all American workers make less than $15/hour. Setting a random number for minimum wage makes no sense! Pay must reflect where we work and live.
Running a so-called “profitable” business on the backs of people who can’t afford basic needs and can’t save for a down payment on a house or for retirement is NOT capitalism, it’s a failed business taking advantage of desperate people trying to stay alive.
A living wage is a temporary solution designed for survival. Americans don’t want to “just get by”, they want to thrive.
Solution:
Donna’s Real Pay for All (RPA):
  • Requires that all businesses pay what it takes for an individual to live within a reasonable commute, save for retirement, and get career advancement leading to higher pay.
  • Ensures that no American is forced to work more than 40 hours a week to earn “Real Pay”.
  • Requires that businesses accommodate employees pursuing professional job training and continuing education.
  • Creates a lower pay rate program for kids under the age of 18, who are enrolled full time in high-school, and live at home with parents, to gain valuable work experience limited to 15 hrs per week when school is in session.
Benefit:
RPA lifts Americans from being on welfare and ends the perpetual cycle of poverty. It rebuilds the middle class and safeguards the path to upward mobility when paired with EDA and HCA.

Equal Justice for All:

Problem:
Black Americans represent 13% of the United States population, yet since 2015 they account for 26% of fatal police shootings. Black Americans are being killed by police at double the rate of any other population.
Black men between 20 - 35 yrs. are at the greatest risk. Race must be included in the solution to the injustice of our justice system.
The US military has stricter rules of engagement for troops deployed in war zones than our police officers do in our residential neighborhoods. That’s illogical and this must change.
Solution:
Donna’s Equal Justice for All (EJA):
  • Federally decriminalize marijuana possession and expunge all nonviolent marijuana-related convictions
  • Require body cams, de-escalation training, and liability insurance for all law enforcement officers
  • Reform predatory cash bail charges, targeted at low-income individuals
  • End incarceration for all nonviolent drug convictions and reduce penalties to fines and community service
  • End taxpayer funding of for-profit private prisons and instead fund job training and counseling for ex-felons
  • Ban the Box: Remove questions regarding nonviolent offenses from job application forms
Benefit:
The focus of the justice system should be to rehabilitate people back into being productive citizens of the community. EJA erases drug convictions restoring the livelihoods of millions. It holds law enforcement responsible for their actions and limits police departments from hiring previously fired officers.

Veterans:

Problem:
  • Homelessness: Vets account for about 11% of US adult homeless population
  • Suicide: Vets account for 14% of all suicides
  • Health: 12% to 20% of non-injured veterans and 32% of combat casualty vets suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
  • Harassment and Assault: 23% of women reported sexual assault, 55% of women and 38% of men have experienced sexual harassment in the military
  • Families of Vets: Military spouses experience high stress, anxiety, depression and higher rates of unemployment while military children average six to nine moves before the end of high school
Solution:
  • Stop denying Veterans and Disabled Veterans their earned benefits
  • Provide on-the-job traning programs to transition skills learned in the military to the public and private sector
  • Make Healthcare for All (HCA) available to all Veterans to address physical and mental post-deployment health, regardless of when and how they sustained their injuries
  • Expand support to parents, spouses and children of service members and gold-star families that have lost a service member
Benefit:
Providing our vets with guaranteed healthcare through HCA as they transition to industry will ensure that we can utilize valuable skills they gained while serving in the military. HCA ensures that vets don’t have to travel to a VA clinic or hospital to get the care, they can get care at the physician of their choice, near the neighborhood where they live. Taking care of vet’s families will give them the support required to be successful.

Farmers in Rural America:

Problem:
40% of rural Americans have difficulty paying for basic needs such as housing, food and medical bills, and almost half said they could not afford an unplanned $1,000 bill.
Food stamp participation is highest overall among households in rural areas (16%) and small towns (16%).
Approx 25% of rural Americans are unable to get health care and 45% cannot access or afford the healthcare they need. For 23% of rural residents the healthcare facility was too far away or had closed down, and 19% could not find a provider who accepted their health insurance.
Solution:
Donna’s Healthcare for All (HCA), Education for All (EDA) and Real Pay for All (RPA) policy proposals together ensure that rural Americans have equal access to medical professionals, social workers and teachers.
Benefit:
Taking care of our farmers and rural Americans, secures our food supply and solidifies the bedrock of our overall economy.

Immigration

Asylum seeker detention camps and the child separation policy are inhumane and un-American. We need a swift path to citizenship for Dreamers and DACA, and a legal way for the undocumented to come out of the shadows. We must protect workers by requiring employers to stop undercutting American wages by abusing immigrant pay.

Climate

Climate change is impacting our health, water, and food supply. Corporations and commercial fishing are the largest source of pollutants and plastics in the ocean. We need to diversify our energy sources with renewables, incentivize carbon neutral solutions, invest in research to mitigate climate change, and institute sustainable farming and fishing practices.

[18]

”
—Donna Imam's campaign website (2020)[19]


Christine Eady Mann

Eady Mann's campaign website stated the following:

“

Criminal Justice Reform

“Each of us is more than the worst thing we have ever done” -- Bryan Stevenson
With more than 2 million people incarcerated, the United States is home to the world’s largest prison population. Our criminal justice system is broken, and it continues to focus on criminalizing those who live in poverty. Our campaign's priority will be to correct this system's faults and provide all citizens equity and justice.
We must and will make evidence based, systemic reforms, including:
  • Diverting mental health emergencies to mental health first-responders, instead of police.
  • Ending our country's reliance on private, for-profit prisons.
  • Legalizing marijuana and expunging the records of those previously and currently incarcerated.
  • Improving police oversight through using big data and empowering the Department of Justice and police unions to hold local police departments accountable.
  • Creating a national database for disciplined/reprimanded officers so they can’t go from state to state. These steps will provide proven accountability for instances of police brutality.
  • Ending the school-to-prison pipeline with early intervention and support. This means we start early in Pre-K and continued through high school, providing educators with the tools and financial resources to function within a flawed system.
  • Investigating all fatal police shootings across the nation in a transparent manner that ensures accountability and oversee consent decrees that are a result of police misconduct.

Education

"There are many problems, but I think there is a solution to all these problems; just one, and it's education." ― Malala Yousafzai
We are one of the wealthiest nations in the world, not only in terms of income, but resources. One of our most valuable resources is our children. Education must therefore be a priority. America's children deserve the best in education we can provide. Unemployment rates are lower and earnings are higher with higher levels of educational achievement. Unfortunately, many barriers to higher education exist in the United States.
We must strengthen our public school system and halt efforts to take dollars away from public schools. We must look for innovative ways to improve our K-12 schools so that students are prepared for the work force and for the rigors of higher education. We must provide universal pre-K so that children enter the educational system with the skills necessary to thrive. We must invest in funding to recruit and retain quality educators and to fully supply all classrooms and students, regardless of community income level and demographics. We can replace the school-to-prison pipeline with a cradle-to-college pipeline, ensuring equal access to education for all.
We must address mental health issues that affect our students. Innovative programs such as the Williamson County Child and Youth Behavioral Health Task Force should be supported and expanded. We must ensure that our youth have access to a full spectrum of mental health resources.
We must continue to work to lower drug and alcohol use among our students. Drug and alcohol use among students leads to learning impairment, decreased educational achievement, and higher dropout rates, which affect the economic success not only of individual students, but of the United States as a whole.
We must work toward providing tuition-free higher education programs. Several states, including Tennessee and Oregon, have already introduced programs to cover tuition expenses for students, and several other states are aiming to do the same. We must expand on and extend these programs across the United States and build on these programs as we learn how best to provide access to higher education to our youth. We must provide quality education for all of America's children.

Environment

"The Congress, the Administration and the public all share a profound commitment to the rescue of our natural environment, and the preservation of the Earth as a place both habitable by and hospitable to man." ― President Richard Nixon
The scientific evidence is clear: Global climate change is real and human activity contributes to it. The United States has an opportunity to lead the rest of the world and should be taking bold action to combat the threat of climate change.
Central Texas is ideally suited to harness the power of solar and wind energy. Conversion to renewable energy creates a wealth of opportunity for job creation, and we must provide incentives to bring these jobs to Central Texas.
In addition, we must protect our air and water. The Environmental Protection Agency, created by President Nixon, must be supported. Our energy policies must reflect the realities of world population growth and its implications for our environment. We must continue to fund scientific research to ensure that we are on the leading edge as new technologies are developed.
With focus and commitment, we can protect our planet and its inhabitants, while bringing jobs to Central Texas.

Gun Reform

"My focus is that firearms are handled safely and that we can continue to enjoy them here in North America." ― Steve Kanaly
Although our Second Amendment provides for the right to own firearms, as with all rights, there are legitimate limits and commonsense restrictions that are consistent with this right. As a gun owner, I support the Second Amendment. I understand on a personal level that many Americans have a need to own firearms. More importantly, we have a right to own firearms.
But it is past time for us to act. Too many lawmakers keep offering thoughts and prayers. Too many refuse to do anything to stop the epidemic of gun violence in our country.
As a proud recipient of the Moms Demand Action Gun Sense Candidate Designation in the 2018 election cycle, I have spoken out about this subject for the past several years. I will continue to speak out and continue to do the work needed to address this issue.
There are many reforms that are supported by the majority of Americans and That can be enacted and enforced immediately. Universal background checks on all gun transfers, restoration of the assault weapons ban, outlawing bump stocks, and closing the loopholes that allow non-spousal domestic abusers to obtain weapons are all broadly supported. We must repeal the Dickey Amendment and restore full funding to the CDC to continue to study this public health crisis and enact additional measures to protect lives.
As a physician, I have witnessed the devastation to families when a loved one dies from a firearm. Comforting distraught mothers and broken families reminds me that we can do better.
We can uphold the Constitutional right to bear arms, and reduce the violence associated with easy access to firearms. Like all things, it takes courage and thoughtful debate.

Healthcare

"It is health that is real wealth and not pieces of gold and silver." ― Mahatma Gandhi
The United States must work toward the goal of access to healthcare for all its citizens. Unlike other industrialized countries, access to healthcare in the US is rationed according to a citizen’s ability to pay. This has led to great disparities in health outcomes between the poorest and the richest in our nation. As a primary care physician, I have seen first-hand the damaging effects that lack of access to care has had on those who cannot pay. The healthcare community is united in asserting that we must take steps to protect the vulnerable in their healthcare needs.
The GOP Congress, including the incumbent John Carter, has continued to attack the Affordable Care Act, leading to a weakening of its protections. In 2018, 1.1 million people lost their coverage. It is vital that we protect patients as soon as we take back the Senate and the Presidency in 2020.
We must enact legislation that will lead to Universal Coverage as quickly as possible. While there are many options to achieve this goal, including Single Payer and public-private hybrid plans, I have advocated for Single Payer since 2009. While other systems may sound attractive, Single Payer is the least expensive, most expansive option, and it removes the profit motive from healthcare. The public agrees: current polling shows that 82% of Democrats, 66% of Independents, and 50% of Republicans support Single Payer Healthcare.
Because the healthcare system encompasses one-sixth of our economy, I am in favor of a transitional approach that minimizes disruption to the economy and our work force, while rapidly bringing coverage to those most at risk. This would initially include lowering the Medicare eligibility age to 55 and automatically enrolling all newborns into this system. We will then lower Medicare eligibility in increments until all Americans are covered.
While we work to transform out healthcare system, we must take the following steps to protect patients:
  • Immediately expand Medicaid. We must provide access to healthcare to our most vulnerable citizens. This could be done under existing law.
  • Immediately provide a Public Option. We must improve access to all citizens immediately as we reconstruct the entire system.
  • Immediately make ACA subsidies more generous so enrollees can more easily afford their plans. Access to healthcare is a human right. It is our duty to create a system that supports our fellow citizens.

Immigration

"Citizenship to me is more than a piece of paper. Citizenship is also about character. I am an American. We’re just waiting for our country to recognize it.” -- Jose Antonio Vargas
All discussions regarding Immigration must start with the acknowledgment of the human beings involved. Immigrants participate in our society and economy at all levels, as taxpayers, business owners, and consumers.
During this next year, we must revise and change the Immigration system so that we don’t create obstacles of oppression but efficient pathways to citizenship. After all, our nation was founded by immigrants for immigrants.
Our work in Congress will address…
  • Allow all deported veterans of the United States armed forces to return and put an end to this dishonorable practice of deporting those who have served their country.
  • Ensure the Right to Counsel for Unaccompanied Minors.
  • Provide a clear and swift pathway to citizenship for Dreamers and those under Temporary Protected Status and Deferred Enforced Departure through the Dream and Promise Act.
  • Immediately cease the 3- and 10-year bans that force undocumented individuals—who qualify for legal status—to leave this country and their families, sometimes for many years, before becoming legal citizens.

LGBTQIA+

"Love is Love" ― unknown
Despite recent progress, LGBTQIA+ Americans continue to face many challenges in the United States. LGBTQIA+ people face discrimination in employment, adoption, housing, and within the legal system. Discrimination rates are even higher for LGBTQIA+ people of color. LGBTQIA+ people can still be fired from their jobs in 28 states, and LGBTQIA+ youth face higher rates of bullying, suicide, and homelessness than their heterosexual peers. State legislatures continue to introduce hundreds of bills that seek to limit the rights of LGBTQIA+ people.
I look forward to the day when equality for LGBTQIA+ citizens is automatic and non-controversial and that laws to protect the LGBTQIA+ community are unnecessary. Until that time, I will stand with my fellow citizens and fight to protect:
  • Marriage equality.
  • Equal access to housing and employment without regard to sexual orientation or gender identity.
  • Nondiscrimination in adoption proceedings.
  • Equality in military policies.
  • Full access to Health Information for spouses and partners.

Our Military

“I can imagine no more rewarding a career. And any man who may be asked in this century what he did to make his life worthwhile, I think can respond with a good deal of pride and satisfaction: 'I served in the United States Navy.” ― John F. Kennedy
A strong military is vital to America's security. The threats we face today are numerous and ever-changing.
Keeping our military strong, our country safe, and our military personnel supported, requires us to continually evaluate and reassess our priorities in light of contemporaneous global threats. We must empower our military leaders to analyze and assess these threats and make recommendations based on current data. We can prioritize our spending in ways that modernize and right-size our forces, provide our service members with needed equipment and better salaries, and keep our country and citizens safe. We must develop strategies to modernize and downsize our nuclear arsenal in conjunction with and contingent upon treaties and other agreements with nuclear powers around the world.
Our military personnel deserve our support both during and after their service. They and their families face unique challenges given the rigors and requirements of their service. It is our responsibility to support them during their service and when they transition to civilian life. Our commitment to their well being does not end when their service is over.
To keep our military personnel safe and conflict-ready, we must address issues that negatively impact and affect our service members.
  • We must ensure adequate pay raises for active duty military by using the Employment Cost Index, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
  • We must address the alarming suicide rate among both those on active duty and veterans by creating a Congressional Suicide Prevention Commission to study the issue and develop strategies to prevent these deaths.
  • We must create opportunities to improve access for dependents to receive healthcare by making it easier for them to seek care off-base.
  • We must work on the problem of sexual assault within the military by appointing attorneys to provide legal assistance to victims and Sexual Assault Response coordinators as they work through military and legal processes after these assaults.
Our veterans deserve our respect and our support, and we must address issues unique to servicemen and women as they transition to civilian life.
  • We must provide adequate healthcare for veterans when they leave their service including robust mental health services, a thorough review and overhaul of the Veterans Administration, and facilitating access to care through civilian services.
  • We must create pathways for veterans to enter the workforce through direct hiring and paid job training programs.
  • We must address homelessness among veterans by enacting a No Vet Homeless or Hungry Initiative as a partnership between the federal government and all 50 states.

Women's Rights

"Countries with higher levels of gender equality have higher economic growth. Companies with more women on their boards have higher returns. Peace agreements that include women are more successful. Parliaments with more women take up a wider range of issues - including health, education, anti-discrimination, and child support." ― Ban Ki-moon
Our government must not just represent us, it must be representative of us. Despite the gains in 2018, the United States Congress consists of fewer than 25% women. Women account for only 20% of the country's mayors. State Legislatures are composed of only 29% women. We must change this.
If you believe that women's voices should be heard, give women the microphone. If you believe that women should be involved in policy-making, put women in the rooms where the policies are being made. If you believe that women should be involved in writing legislation, elect women to the offices responsible for writing laws.
In addition to electing women to legislative bodies, we must
  • Defend women's reproductive rights and provide access to free and low-cost contraception.
  • Advocate for equal pay for equal work and economic justice in wages, pensions, and earnings.
  • Address and eliminate sexual assault and other forms of violence against women.
  • Secure equality for women through the Constitution by ratifying the Equal Rights Amendment.
We owe it to our mothers and grandmothers who fought before us, and to our children and grandchildren who will come after us, to continue to fight for equality for all women.
In 1973, the United States Supreme Court, citing privacy protections in the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment, ruled that women have the right to an abortion. Since then, this Constitutional right has been under constant attack.
Across the country, state legislators have introduced dozens of bills to try to erode this right, with the goal of eventually overturning Roe v. Wade. These laws have imposed undue burdens on women in many states when trying to access abortion services.
As a physician, I am appalled at the distortions and misrepresentations used to justify these legislative attempts to infringe on this right. Lawmakers have used disproven statistics and discredited theories to justify their legislation under the guise of protecting women's health.
As a woman, I am appalled that legislators seek to impose their judgement on these most private decisions and that they are attempting to insert the state into the doctor-patient relationship. Only women and their doctors know the reasons why an abortion is necessary, and only women should make this decision.
Robust research from the Guttmacher Institute and the World Health Organization shows that attempts to make abortion illegal do not reduce abortion rates and instead leave women to use unsafe methods to end their pregnancies. We know there are ways to significantly reduce abortion rates
  • Comprehensive Sex Education. Multiple studies have shown that when teens and young adults are given comprehensive sex education, unintended pregnancy rates and abortions are reduced.
  • Access to Reliable Birth Control. Long-acting contraceptives have been shown to reduce abortion rates by over 75%.
  • Eliminating Socioeconomic Barriers. Women who have access to paid maternity leave, comprehensive medical coverage, and child care are far less likely to choose abortion when an unintended pregnancy occurs.
We must protect a woman's right to seek an abortion, while using proven methods to reduce the need for abortions.

[18]

”
—Christine Eady Mann's campaign website (2020)[20]


Campaign advertisements

This section shows advertisements released in this race. Ads released by campaigns and, if applicable, satellite groups are embedded or linked below. If you are aware of advertisements that should be included, please email us.

Donna Imam


A sample ad from the candidate's Facebook page is embedded below. Click here to see the candidate's Facebook Video page.[16]


Christine Eady Mann

"Dr. Christine Eady Mann 2020 Announcement en Español" - Eady Mann campaign ad with Spanish subtitles, released May 21, 2019


Polls

See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls

If you are aware of polls conducted in this race, please email us.

Campaign finance

The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted to the Federal Election Commission.[17]

Name Party Receipts* Disbursements** Cash on hand Date
Christine Eady Mann Democratic Party $387,966 $373,178 $16,224 As of December 31, 2020
Donna Imam Democratic Party $1,242,168 $1,242,218 $-50 As of December 31, 2020

Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2020. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).

* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee."
** According to the FEC, a disbursement "is a purchase, payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit or gift of money or anything of value to influence a federal election," plus other kinds of payments not made to influence a federal election.


Debates and forums

If you are aware of debates or forums held during this race, please email us.

Primaries in Texas

A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. Texas utilizes an open primary system. Voters do not have to register with a party in advance in order to participate in that party's primary. The voter must sign a pledge stating the following (the language below is taken directly from state statutes)[21]

“ The following pledge shall be placed on the primary election ballot above the listing of candidates' names: 'I am a (insert appropriate political party) and understand that I am ineligible to vote or participate in another political party's primary election or convention during this voting year.'[18] ”

For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.

Runoff elections in Texas

In Texas, a primary election candidate for congressional, state, or county office must receive a majority of the vote (more than 50%) to be declared the winner. If no candidate wins the requisite majority, a runoff election is held between the top two vote-getters.[22]

As of 2020, the Texas Secretary of State office stated, "There is no requirement to have previously voted in the general primary election in order to participate in the subsequent primary runoff election. Therefore, if a qualified voter did not vote in the general primary election, they are still eligible to vote in the primary runoff election." The office also stated that "if a voter votes in the primary of one party, they will only be able to vote in that party’s primary runoff election. ... After being affiliated with a party, a voter is not able to change or cancel their party affiliation until the end of the calendar year."[23]

What's at stake in the general election?

U.S. House elections were held on November 3, 2020, and coincided with the 2020 presidential election. All 435 House districts were up for election, and the results determined control of the U.S. House in the 117th Congress.

At the time of the election, Democrats had a 232-197 advantage over Republicans. There was one Libertarian member, and there were five vacancies. Republicans needed to gain a net 21 seats to win control of the House. Democrats needed to gain seats or lose fewer than 14 net seats to keep their majority.

In the 2018 midterm election, Democrats had a net gain of 40 seats, winning a 235-200 majority in the House. Heading into the 2018 election, Republicans had a 235-193 majority with seven vacancies.

In the 25 previous House elections that coincided with a presidential election, the president's party had gained House seats in 16 elections and lost seats in nine. In years where the president's party won districts, the average gain was 18. In years where the president's party lost districts, the average loss was 27. Click here for more information on presidential partisanship and down-ballot outcomes.

General election race ratings

See also: Race rating definitions and methods

Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:

  • Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
  • Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
  • Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[24]
  • Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.

Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[25][26][27]

Race ratings: Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2020
Race trackerRace ratings
November 3, 2020October 27, 2020October 20, 2020October 13, 2020
The Cook Political ReportLean RepublicanLikely RepublicanLikely RepublicanLikely Republican
Inside Elections with Nathan L. GonzalesSolid RepublicanSolid RepublicanSolid RepublicanSolid Republican
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal BallLikely RepublicanLikely RepublicanLikely RepublicanLikely Republican
Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every week throughout the election season.

District analysis

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores

The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+10, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were 10 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Texas' 31st Congressional District the 130th most Republican nationally.[28]

FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 1.06. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.06 points toward that party.[29]

Pivot Counties

See also: Pivot Counties by state

One of 254 Texas counties—0.4 percent—is a Pivot County. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.

Counties won by Trump in 2016 and Obama in 2012 and 2008
County Trump margin of victory in 2016 Obama margin of victory in 2012 Obama margin of victory in 2008
Jefferson County, Texas 0.48% 1.61% 2.25%

In the 2016 presidential election, Donald Trump (R) won Texas with 52.2 percent of the vote. Hillary Clinton (D) received 43.2 percent. In presidential elections between 1900 and 2016, Texas cast votes for the winning presidential candidate 66.7 percent of the time. In that same time frame, Texas supported Democratic candidates slightly more often than Republicans, 53.3 to 46.7 percent. The state, however, favored Republicans in every presidential election between 2000 and 2016.

Presidential results by legislative district

The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state House districts in Texas. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[30][31]

In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 54 out of 150 state House districts in Texas with an average margin of victory of 37.4 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 65 out of 150 state House districts in Texas with an average margin of victory of 36.4 points. Clinton won 10 districts controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections.
In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won 96 out of 150 state House districts in Texas with an average margin of victory of 36.2 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 85 out of 150 state House districts in Texas with an average margin of victory of 34.5 points.


District election history

2018

See also: Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House Texas District 31

Incumbent John Carter defeated Mary Jennings Hegar and Jason Hope in the general election for U.S. House Texas District 31 on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of John Carter
John Carter (R)
 
50.6
 
144,680
Image of Mary Jennings Hegar
Mary Jennings Hegar (D)
 
47.7
 
136,362
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Submit photo
Jason Hope (L)
 
1.7
 
4,965

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 286,007
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary runoff election

Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Texas District 31

Mary Jennings Hegar defeated Christine Eady Mann in the Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Texas District 31 on May 22, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Mary Jennings Hegar
Mary Jennings Hegar
 
62.2
 
8,843
Image of Christine Eady Mann
Christine Eady Mann
 
37.8
 
5,371

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.

Total votes: 14,214
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

Mary Jennings Hegar and Christine Eady Mann advanced to a runoff. They defeated Mike Clark and Richard Kent Lester in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Mary Jennings Hegar
Mary Jennings Hegar
 
44.9
 
13,803
✔
Image of Christine Eady Mann
Christine Eady Mann
 
33.5
 
10,305
Image of Mike Clark
Mike Clark
 
11.2
 
3,449
Image of Richard Kent Lester
Richard Kent Lester
 
10.3
 
3,178

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 30,735
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

Incumbent John Carter defeated Mike Sweeney in the Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of John Carter
John Carter
 
65.5
 
34,513
Image of Mike Sweeney
Mike Sweeney
 
34.5
 
18,184

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 52,697
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

2016

See also: Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent John Carter (R) defeated Mike Clark (D) and Scott Ballard (L) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Carter defeated Mike Sweeney in the Republican primary on March 1, 2016, while Clark faced no opposition in the Democratic primary.[32][33]

U.S. House, Texas District 31 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Carter Incumbent 58.4% 166,060
     Democratic Mike Clark 36.5% 103,852
     Libertarian Scott Ballard 5.2% 14,676
Total Votes 284,588
Source: Texas Secretary of State


U.S. House, Texas District 31 Republican Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Carter Incumbent 71.3% 62,817
Mike Sweeney 28.7% 25,306
Total Votes 88,123
Source: Texas Secretary of State

2014

See also: Texas' 31st Congressional District elections, 2014

The 31st Congressional District of Texas held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent John Carter (R) defeated Louie Minor (D) and Scott Ballard (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, Texas District 31 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Carter Incumbent 64% 91,607
     Democratic Louie Minor 32% 45,715
     Libertarian Scott Ballard 4% 5,706
Total Votes 143,028
Source: Texas Secretary of State

State profile

See also: Texas and Texas elections, 2019
USA Texas location map.svg

Partisan data

The information in this section was current as of January 22, 2020

Presidential voting pattern

  • Texas voted Republican in all seven presidential elections between 2000 and 2024.

Congressional delegation

State executives

State legislature

Texas Party Control: 1992-2025
Three years of Democratic trifectas  •  Twenty-three years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Governor D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
Senate D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
House D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R

Texas quick stats
  • Became a state in 1845
  • 28th state admitted to the United States
  • Texas was an independent republic from 1836 to 1845
  • Members of the Texas State Senate: 31
  • Members of the Texas House of Representatives: 150
  • U.S. senators: 2
  • U.S. representatives: 36
More Texas coverage on Ballotpedia:


Demographic data for Texas
 TexasU.S.
Total population:27,429,639316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):261,2323,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:74.9%73.6%
Black/African American:11.9%12.6%
Asian:4.2%5.1%
Native American:0.5%0.8%
Pacific Islander:0.1%0.2%
Two or more:2.5%3%
Hispanic/Latino:38.4%17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:81.9%86.7%
College graduation rate:27.6%29.8%
Income
Median household income:$53,207$53,889
Persons below poverty level:19.9%11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Texas.
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.


See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ YouTube, "Statesman endorsement interview: U.S. House 31," February 10, 2020
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Imam 2020 campaign website, "Why," accessed March 18, 2020
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Austin American-Statesman, "Congress U.S. Representative District 31 March 2020 primary," updated February 27, 2020
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Eady Mann 2020 campaign website, "Endorsements," accessed March 16, 2020
  5. ↑ Austin American-Statesman, "Endorsement: Mann, Oliver, Kennedy join our Democratic picks for Congress," February 14, 2020
  6. ↑ Imam's 2020 campaign website, "Endorsements," accessed July 10, 2020
  7. ↑ Candidate Connection surveys completed before September 26, 2019, were not used to generate candidate profiles. In battleground primaries, Ballotpedia based its selection of noteworthy candidates on polling, fundraising, and noteworthy endorsements. In battleground general elections, all major party candidates and any other candidates with the potential to impact the outcome of the race were included.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 The Austin Chronicle, "Chronicle Endorsements July 14 Primary Run-off Election and Senate District 14 Special Election," June 25, 2020
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Facebook, "Vote Donna US Congress TX31," June 25, 2020
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Facebook, "Christine4Congress," June 28, 2020
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Imam 2020 campaign website, "Endorsements," accessed March 16, 2020
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Facebook, "Vote Donna Congress TX31," May 10, 2020
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Facebook, "Vote Donna US Congress TX31," June 29, 2020
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Clinicians for Progressive Care website, "C4PC ENDORSES CHRISTINE EADY MANN, DO, FOR CONGRESS IN TX-31," May 4, 2020
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Twitter, "LEAP Forward," April 28, 2020
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Facebook, "Vote Donna US Congress TX31," June 28, 2020
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Federal Election Commission, "Texas - House District 31 2020 | HOUSE," accessed May 5, 2020
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  19. ↑ Imam's 2020 campaign website, “Solutions,” accessed March 16, 2020
  20. ↑ Eady Mann's 2020 campaign website, “Issues,” accessed March 16, 2020
  21. ↑ Texas Statutes, "Section 172.086," accessed October 7, 2024
  22. ↑ Texas Legislature, "Chapter 172. Primary Elections," accessed July 10, 2020
  23. ↑ Texas Secretary of State, "Election Advisory No. 2020-05," February 11, 2020
  24. ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
  25. ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
  26. ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
  27. ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
  28. ↑ Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
  29. ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
  30. ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
  31. ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017
  32. ↑ Texas Secretary of State, "2016 March Primary Election Candidate Filings by County," accessed December 15, 2015
  33. ↑ The New York Times, "Texas Primary Results," March 1, 2016


Texas' current delegation to the United States Congress
Senators
John Cornyn (R)
Ted Cruz (R)
Representatives
District 1
District 2
District 3
District 4
District 5
District 6
District 7
District 8
District 9
Al Green (D)
District 10
District 11
District 12
District 13
District 14
District 15
District 16
District 17
District 18
Vacant
District 19
District 20
District 21
Chip Roy (R)
District 22
District 23
District 24
District 25
District 26
District 27
District 28
District 29
District 30
District 31
District 32
District 33
District 34
District 35
District 36
District 37
District 38
Republican Party (27)
Democratic Party (12)
Vacancies (1)


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