2020 Missouri legislative session
For a full list of changes, visit: Changes to state legislative session dates in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020.
Missouri: The Missouri State Legislature suspended Senate activity effective March 12, 2020. Both chambers reconvened April 7, 2020, through April 8, 2020, before suspending activity again. The legislature adjourned on May 15, 2020.
Missouri General Assembly | |
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General information | |
Type: | State legislature |
Term limits: | 2 terms (8 years) in Senate, 4 terms (8 years) in House |
Session start: | January 8, 2020 |
Website: | Official General Assembly Page |
Leadership | |
Senate President: | Mike Kehoe (R) |
House Speaker: | Elijah Haahr (R) |
Majority Leader: | Senate: Caleb Rowden (R) House: Rob Vescovo (R) |
Minority Leader: | Senate: Gina Walsh (D) House: Crystal Quade (D) |
Structure | |
Members: | 34 (Senate), 163 (House) |
Length of term: | 4 years (Senate), 2 years (House) |
Authority: | Art III, Missouri Constitution |
Salary: | $35,915/year + per diem |
Elections | |
Last election: | November 6, 2018 |
Next election: | November 3, 2020 |
Redistricting: | Missouri Legislation Commissions have control |
Meeting place:![]() |
In 2020, the Missouri State Legislature was scheduled to convene on January 8 and adjourn on May 15.
Several state legislatures suspended their sessions or otherwise limited legislative activity in response to the coronavirus pandemic. The Missouri State Legislature suspended Senate activity effective March 12, 2020. Both chambers reconvened April 7, 2020, through April 8, 2020, before suspending activity again. The legislature adjourned on May 15, 2020.[1][2][3][4][5]
Republicans had a veto-proof supermajority this legislative session, just as they did in 2019. Following the 2018 election, Republicans had a 24-10 supermajority in the Senate and a 116-47 supermajority in the House. The party also controlled the governorship, creating a Republican state government trifecta.
Click the links to read more about the 2020 state Senate and state House elections.
Click the links to read more about the 2018 state Senate and state House elections.
Partisan control in 2020
- See also: State government trifectas
Missouri was one of 21 Republican state government trifectas at the start of 2020 legislative sessions. A state government trifecta occurs when one political party holds the governor's office, a majority in the state Senate, and a majority in the state House. For more information about state government trifectas, click here.
Missouri was also one of 22 state legislatures where one party had a veto-proof supermajority in both chambers. Veto overrides occur when a legislature votes to reverse a veto issued by an executive such as a governor or the president. If one party has a majority in a state legislature that is large enough to override a gubernatorial veto without any votes from members of the minority party, it is called a veto-proof majority or, sometimes, a supermajority. To read more about veto-proof supermajorities in state legislatures, click here.
The following tables show the partisan breakdown of the Missouri State Legislature in the 2020 legislative session.
Missouri State Senate
Party | As of January 2020 | |
---|---|---|
Democratic Party | 8 | |
Republican Party | 23 | |
Vacancies | 3 | |
Total | 34 |
Between 1992 and 2020, partisan control of the Missouri State Senate was controlled for long periods of time by both the Democratic and Republican parties. The table below shows the partisan history of the Missouri State Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2018. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Missouri State Senate election results: 1992-2018
Year | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 | '06 | '08 | '10 | '12 | '14 | '16 | '18 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democrats | 20[6] | 19 | 19 | 18 | 17* | 14 | 11 | 13 | 11 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 10 |
Republicans | 13 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 20 | 23 | 21 | 23 | 26 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 24 |
Other | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
*Since no party had majority control, leadership of the chamber was split between the two parties.
From 1992 to 1998, the Democratic Party held relatively small majorities, the largest being from 1992 to 1994 when Democrats had a seven-member majority. The Democrats majority in the state Senate steadily decreased between 1992 and 2000. In 2001, Republicans established a majority in the chamber after Republicans won special elections in January of that year. Before the special elections in 2001, the chamber was tied at 17-17 with chamber leadership split between the two major parties.[7]
After 2001, Senate Republicans slowly increased their majority in elections between 2002 and 2018. Republicans held their largest majority following the 2010 elections with an 18-seat advantage. From 2008 to 2020, Senate Republicans held a supermajority which allowed the chamber to override gubernatorial vetoes. The Republican gains from 2008 to 2014 were in line with a national trend toward Republican state legislatures during the presidency of Barack Obama (D). From 2009 to 2017, Democrats experienced losses in state legislative elections, totaling 968 seats all together.
Missouri House of Representatives
Party | As of January 2020 | |
---|---|---|
Democratic Party | 48 | |
Republican Party | 114 | |
Vacancies | 1 | |
Total | 163 |
Between 1992 and 2020, partisan control of the Missouri House of Representatives was controlled for long periods of time by both the Democratic and Republican parties. Democrats controlled the state House from 1992 to 2000 and Republicans have controlled it since. The table below shows the partisan history of the Missouri House of Representatives following every general election from 1992 to 2018. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Missouri House of Representatives election results: 1992-2018
Year | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 | '06 | '08 | '10 | '12 | '14 | '16 | '18 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democrats | 100 | 87 | 88 | 86 | 87 | 73 | 66 | 71 | 74 | 57 | 53 | 46 | 46 | 47 |
Republicans | 62 | 76 | 75 | 76 | 76 | 90 | 97 | 92 | 89 | 106 | 110 | 117 | 117 | 116 |
Other | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
From 1992 to 2000, House Democrats held large majorities in the chamber, the largest being from 1992 to 1994 when Democrats had a 38-member majority. House Democrats maintained their majority between 1994 and 2000 with very little change in the chamber's partisan balance.
Despite the Democratic majorities in the 1990s, Republicans took control of the chamber in 2002 with a 17-seat advantage. Republicans slowly increased their majority in elections between 2004 and 2018. Republicans held their largest majority following the 2014 elections with a 71-seat advantage. House Republicans gained a supermajority in 2012, which allowed them to override gubernatorial vetoes. The Republican gains from 2008 to 2016 were in line with a national trend toward Republican state legislatures during the presidency of Barack Obama (D). From 2009 to 2017, Democrats experienced losses in state legislative elections, totaling 968 seats all together.
Leadership in 2020
Missouri State Senate
- Senate president: Mike Kehoe (R)
- President Pro Tem: Dave Schatz (R)
- Majority leader: Caleb Rowden (R)
- Minority leader: Gina Walsh (D)
Missouri House of Representatives
- House speaker: Elijah Haahr (R)
- Majority leader: Rob Vescovo (R)
- Minority leader: Crystal Quade (D)
Regular session
The following widget shows up to 25 pieces of legislation in the 2020 legislative session that most recently passed both chambers of the legislature, were signed by the governor, or were approved by the legislature in a veto override. If no bills are displayed below, no legislation met these criteria in 2020. This information is provided by BillTrack50.
Standing legislative committees
A standing committee of a state legislature is a committee that exists on a more-or-less permanent basis, from legislative session to session, that considers and refines legislative bills that fall under the committee's subject matter.
At the beginning of the 2020 legislative session, there were 89 standing committees in Missouri's state government, including 20 joint legislative committees, 22 state Senate committees, and 47 state House committees.
Joint legislative committees
- Joint Committee on Administrative Rules
- Joint Committee on Capitol Security
- Joint Committee on Education
- Joint Committee on Government Accountability
- Joint Committee on Legislative Research
- Joint Committee on Public Assistance
- Joint Committee on Public Employee Retirement
- Joint Committee on Tax Policy
- Joint Committee on Transportation Oversight
- Joint Committee on the Justice System
- Joint Committee on the Life Sciences
- Rural Economic Development
Senate committees
- Administration Committee
- Agriculture, Food Production and Outdoor Resources Committee
- Appropriations Committee
- Commerce, Consumer Protection, Energy and the Environment Committee
- Education and Workforce Development
- Emerging Issues
- Governmental Accountability and Fiscal Oversight Committee
- Gubernatorial Appointments Committee
- Health and Pensions Committee
- Insurance and Banking Committee
- Judiciary and Civil and Criminal Jurisprudence Committee
- Local Government and Elections Committee
- Professional Registration Committee
- Progress and Development Committee
- Rules, Joint Rules, Resolutions & Ethics Committee
- Senate Economic Development Committee
- Senate Education Committee
- Senate General Laws Committee
- Senate Ways and Means Committee
- Seniors, Families, Veterans and Military Affairs Committee
- Small Business and Industry Committee
- Transportation, Infrastructure and Public Safety Committee
House committees
- Administration and Accounts Committee
- Agriculture Policy Committee
- Budget Committee
- Children and Families Committee
- Consent and House Procedure Committee
- Conservation and Natural Resources Committee
- Corrections and Public Institutions Committee
- Crime Prevention Committee
- Elections and Elected Officials Committee
- Elementary and Secondary Education Committee
- Emerging Issues Committee
- Ethics Committee
- Financial Institutions Committee
- Fiscal Review Committee
- Health and Mental Health Policy Committee
- Healthcare Reform
- Higher Education Committee
- House Economic Development Committee
- House General Laws Committee
- House Ways and Means Committee
- Insurance Committee
- Judiciary Committee
- Legislative Oversight Committee
- Legislative Review Committee
- Local Government Committee
- Pensions Committee
- Professional Registration and Licensing Committee
- Public Safety Committee
- Rural Community Development Committee
- Transportation Committee
- Utilities Committee
- Veterans Committee
- Workforce Development Committee
Legislatively referred constitutional amendments
In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.
The methods by which the Missouri Constitution can be amended:
The Missouri Constitution can be amended via three different paths—a citizen-initiated process, a legislative process, and a state constitutional convention.
Initiative
- See also: Initiated constitutional amendment
An initiated constitutional amendment is a citizen-initiated ballot measure that amends a state's constitution. Eighteen (18) states allow citizens to initiate constitutional amendments.
In Missouri, the number of signatures required for an initiated constitutional amendment is based on the number of votes cast for governor in the state's most recent gubernatorial election. In two-thirds of Missouri's congressional districts, proponents must collect signatures equal to 8% of the gubernatorial vote for initiated constitutional amendments. A simple majority vote is required for voter approval.
Legislature
A simple majority vote is required during one legislative session for the Missouri General Assembly to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 82 votes in the Missouri House of Representatives and 18 votes in the Missouri State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.
Convention
According to Section 3a of Article XII of the Missouri Constitution, a question about whether to hold a state constitutional convention is to automatically appear on the state's ballot every 20 years starting in 1942. Missouri is one of 14 states that provides for an automatic constitutional convention question.
The table below shows the last and next constitutional convention question election years:
State | Interval | Last question on the ballot | Next question on the ballot |
---|---|---|---|
Missouri | 20 years | 2022 | 2042 |
Historical context:
- A total of 82 measures appeared on statewide ballots in Missouri from 1996 to 2018.
- From 1996 to 2018, the number of measures on statewide ballots during even-numbered years ranged from three to 10.
- Between 1996 and 2018, an average of seven measures appeared on the ballot in Missouri during even-numbered election years.
- Between 1996 and 2018, about 63 percent (52 of 82) of the total number of measures that appeared on statewide ballots were approved, and about 37 percent (30 of 82) were defeated.
Historical partisan control
The table below depicts the historical trifecta status of Missouri.
Missouri Party Control: 1992-2025
Eight years of Democratic trifectas • Thirteen years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Governor | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Senate | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
House | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
See also
Elections | Missouri State Government | State Legislatures | State Politics |
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External links
Footnotes
- ↑ KY3, "Coronavirus concerns disrupt work at state capitols, including Missouri," March 12, 2020
- ↑ Missouri House of Representatives, "Home page," accessed March 30, 2020
- ↑ Missouri State Senate, "Home page," accessed March 30, 2020
- ↑ The Kansas City Star, "Despite coronavirus, Missouri lawmakers will reconvene. Anyone heard of videoconferences?" April 3, 2020
- ↑ Multistate, "2020 Legislative Session Dates," last updated April 15, 2020
- ↑ In 1992, one seat was held by a member from a third party.
- ↑ Bethany Republican-Clipper, "Legislators display a spirit of cooperation," October 5, 2016