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Texas' 16th Congressional District election (March 6, 2018 Democratic primary)

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Texas' 16th Congressional District
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Democratic primary
Republican primary
General election
Election details
Filing deadline: December 11, 2017
Primary: March 6, 2018
Primary runoff: May 22, 2018 (if needed)
General: November 6, 2018
Pre-election incumbent:
Beto O'Rourke (Democrat)
How to vote
Poll times: 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.
Voting in Texas
Race ratings
Cook Political Report: Solid Democratic
Inside Elections: Solid Democratic
Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Democratic
Ballotpedia analysis
U.S. Senate battlegrounds
U.S. House battlegrounds
Federal and state primary competitiveness
Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2018
See also
Texas' 16th Congressional District
U.S. Senate • 1st • 2nd • 3rd • 4th • 5th • 6th • 7th • 8th • 9th • 10th • 11th • 12th • 13th • 14th • 15th • 16th • 17th • 18th • 19th • 20th • 21st • 22nd • 23rd • 24th • 25th • 26th • 27th • 28th • 29th • 30th • 31st • 32nd • 33rd • 34th • 35th • 36th • 27th (special)
Texas elections, 2018
U.S. Congress elections, 2018
U.S. Senate elections, 2018
U.S. House elections, 2018

El Paso County judge Veronica Escobar advanced directly to the general election held on November 6, 2018, by winning the Democratic primary election for Texas' 16th Congressional District outright on March 6, 2018. She faced Republican primary winner Rick Seeberger. Escobar defeated five other candidates. She was a frontrunner in the race, having received an endorsement from Rep. Beto O'Rourke (D) on the day she announced her candidacy.[1] She also had the backing of progressive organizations such as EMILY's List, Giffords PAC, and End Citizens United.[2]

O'Rourke did not run for re-election after serving three-terms, choosing instead to run for U.S. Senate.[3] This district backed Hillary Clinton (D) in the 2016 presidential election by a margin of 31 percentage points.

Texas voter? Dates you need to know.
Primary electionMarch 6, 2018
Candidate filing deadlineDecember 11, 2017
Registration deadlineFebruary 5, 2018
Absentee application deadlineFebruary 23, 2018
General electionNovember 6, 2018
Voting information
Primary typeOpen
Early voting deadlineMarch, 2, 2018
Polling locations: Go to this page to find early voting locations and your assigned precinct for election day.


For more on related elections, please see:


Candidates and election results

The following candidates ran in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 16 on March 6, 2018.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 16

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Veronica Escobar
Veronica Escobar
 
61.4
 
30,630
Image of Dori Fenenbock
Dori Fenenbock
 
22.0
 
10,992
Image of Norma Chavez
Norma Chavez
 
6.7
 
3,325
Image of Enrique Garcia
Enrique Garcia
 
5.3
 
2,661
Image of Jerome Tilghman
Jerome Tilghman
 
3.0
 
1,489
Image of John Carrillo
John Carrillo
 
1.5
 
771

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 49,868
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Top candidates

Ballotpedia identified the candidates below as top contenders in the race based on funds raised and media attention. They are listed in alphabetical order.

Democratic Party Veronica Escobar (D)

Veronica Escobar

Before serving as county judge in El Paso, Texas, Veronica Escobar earned a master's degree in English Literature from New York University and taught Chicano literature at the University of Texas at El Paso. Escobar said that she was motivated to run for office in response to President Donald Trump's policies. "When you have a president who pardons someone who believes racial profiling should be the M.O. in an entire state, it’s time to stand up. Trump is sending Latino communities a very clear message with that pardon, and that message is that we don’t matter and that our civil rights and our constitutional rights don’t matter. You know what? They matter to us," she said in September 2017.[4]

Escobar was endorsed in the primary by the man she hoped to succeed—Rep. Beto O'Rourke (D-Texas). She also received the backing of pro-choice group EMILY's List, the Latino Victory Fund, National Nurses United, End Citizens United, and Giffords PAC.[2]

Democratic Party Dori Fenenbock (D)

Dori Fenenbock

Former El Paso school board (EPISD) president Dori Fenenbock announced she was running for Congress on September 9, 2017, after resigning from her post on the school board two weeks earlier.[5] She attended the University of Texas at Austin and the University of Tulsa School of Law.[6]

"I put myself through law school, I have been a single mom, and I started a business and I understand business. I started and ran a small business for 20 years. I understand what it is to work hard every day and come home to take care of your family under the weight of taxes and under the weight of rising cost of living. I want all El Pasoans to have a pathway to earn higher skills and better education, so they have opportunities for a career and a better paying job," she said.[5]

According to El Paso Times, Fenenbock appeared to have voted in a Democratic race for the first time in 2016. Voting records showed her participating in Republican primaries in 2008 and 2010.[7]

Fenenbock raised over $950,000 in the race to Escobar's $816,000 as of February 14, 2018. She picked up endorsements from the El Paso Municipal Police Officers Association and the Combined Law Enforcement Association of Texas.[8]

List of all candidates

Withdrew

Policy stances

Immigration

  • Veronica Escobar: "I will push for comprehensive immigration reform – applying sensible public policy that acknowledges the realities of undocumented immigration and the injustices of our outdated laws, protects our DREAMERs, and recognizes the benefits of an educated workforce. Thoughtful immigration reform not only makes our country safer, but makes us more competitive as well."[15]
  • Dori Fenenbock: "We don’t need a wall. We need better enforcement of existing laws. Strong border controls, not only here along our border with Mexico, but our maritime borders as well, are imperative to our national security. Our federal government must make investments in El Paso. People, technology and infrastructure, such as the current bill for a SMART wall of high-tech security systems, will save billions and ensure a secure yet fluid border.
We need an orderly and uniform pathway to citizenship. The demands for the skills and capabilities of immigrants here in El Paso have increased dramatically in fields such as the medical services and healthcare industries, higher education, and manufacturing. El Paso requires industrious, energetic newcomers to support our growth.
We must take a compassionate stance on “Dreamers,” who come as young children and through no fault of their own, find themselves here as adults without documentation. They are Americans in every sense and we need to embrace them. Residents of our community should be free to live in peace not in fear. Our federal immigration system must provide due process according to our American values."[16]

Trade

  • Veronica Escobar: "I will work hard to defeat efforts to implement border tariffs, I will defend the gains made through trade, and if NAFTA is re-negotiated, I will work to ensure that we expand protections for workers, local businesses and the environment. I plan to open an Office of Border Economic and Public Policy and work with other leaders to continue to grow jobs and raise incomes for El Paso’s hard-working families."[15]
  • Dori Fenenbock: "El Paso is the capital of the border. Mexico is the largest trading partner with Texas. In El Paso, one in every four jobs is connected to cross-border activity. We must support and expand free trade and fight against a border adjustment tax."[16]

Veterans

  • Veronica Escobar: "Our commitment to our veterans and wounded warriors should be reflected in the kind of care they receive when they return home. They have made tremendous sacrifices for our nation and deserve access to world-class health and mental health care. No one has done more to shed light on the unacceptable deficiencies that exist for our veterans than Congressman Beto O’Rourke.
I will honor and continue the work started by Congressman O’Rourke and will work to improve the Department of Veteran’s Affairs, making its service to our veterans second-to-none."[15]
  • Dori Fenenbock: "Our nation has let down our veterans. For those who offered their lives to protect the life and liberty we hold dear, we owe more than a debt of gratitude. We owe these everyday heroes great health care, a GI Bill that continues to provide for our veterans, a meaningful retirement with dignity, and a place in the workforce for those of working age. We must address the mental health needs and invest in research for those suffering from PTSD and Traumatic Brain Injuries. For too long our veterans have been overlooked and their needs swept under the rug."[16]

Endorsements

See also: Endorsements in the Texas congressional primaries, 2018
Democratic candidate endorsements
Endorsement Escobar Fenenbock
Federal figures
Rep. Beto O'Rourke (D)[2] ✔
Organizations
NARAL Pro-Choice America[17] ✔
Our Revolution El Paso[18] ✔
El Paso Municipal Police Officers Association[8] ✔
Combined Law Enforcement Association of Texas[8] ✔
PAC's
Keep El Paso Honest[19] ✔
Giffords PAC[20] ✔
EMILY's List[2] ✔
National Nurses United[2] ✔
Latino Victory Fund[21] ✔
End Citizens United[21] ✔
Democracy for America[22] ✔


Noteworthy events

Mailer calls for Republican voters to vote against Escobar in primary

A mailer produced by the Keep El Paso Honest PAC was sent out in the days leading up to the primary encouraging Republican voters to participate in the Democratic primary and vote against Veronica Escobar. The PAC supported Escobar's opponent Dori Fenenbock in the primary.[23]

El Paso County Democratic Party Chair Iliana Holguin said of the mailer, "By encouraging Republican voters to vote in the Democratic Party’s primary, the PAC is effectively attempting to have members of the Republican Party choose the Democratic Party’s nominee for this particular race and trying to take that power away from El Paso’s Democratic voters."[23]

Republican Chair Adolfo Telles said he hadn't seen the mailer, but that "[w]hen you register to vote you are not required to designate a party. It appears we have very few candidates and there were a lot of people who voted on the Democratic side since there weren't a lot of options...People are choosing which way they want to vote. I do not encourage conservatives to vote for liberals. I think that is the wrong answer, but I also respect their right to vote however they choose to vote."[23]

According to the El Paso Times, the front of the mailer read, “What can a Republican do to stop Veronica Escobar on March 6?” The back stated, “Voting against Veronica Escobar is as simple as requesting a Democrat ballot when you vote on March 6th. Voting for her opponent will force a run-off where she can be beaten.”[23]

Escobar calls for investigation into PAC

Veronica Escobar asked the Federal Election Commission to look into a political action committee that targeted her 2018 campaign for Congress and supported her opponent Dori Fenenbock on February 26, 2018. The Keep El Paso Honest PAC submitted a campaign finance report to the FEC six days late and did not file two subsequent reports, according to the El Paso Times.[24]

"Keep El Paso Honest is neither honest nor law abiding; their name is somewhat of a misnomer," Escobar said. "There are rules and laws in place for a reason, and people who choose to run campaigns that fly in the face of those laws should be held accountable."[24]

Responding to the investigation request, Carlos Sierra, the political consultant who started the PAC, said voters were not concerned with whether or not the PAC was keeping up with federal filing deadlines. "I have personally spoken to and heard from thousands of voters in Congressional District 16," Sierra said. "Not once have they asked or brought up filing an FEC report a few days late. ... The voters are genuinely concerned with Veronica going to Congress because everything she touches ends up failing."[24]


Campaign strategies

Ads

John Carrillo

"John Carrillo Intro - Carrillo for Congress District 16-El Paso, Texas" - Carillo campaign video, released September 15, 2017
"John Carrillo Platform - Carrillo for Congress District 16-El Paso, Texas" - Carillo campaign video, released September 15, 2017

Veronica Escobar

"Veronica Escobar Campaign Announcement" - Escobar campaign video, released October 23, 2017
"Team Veronica Endorsements" - Escobar campaign video, released September 30, 2017

Enrique Garcia

"Enrique Garcia for Congress" - Garcia campaign video, released January 7, 2018
"Are You Tired of Special Interest Groups Influencing our Laws? Enrique Garcia for Congress" - Garcia campaign video, released November 14, 2017

Jerome Tilghman

"Jerome Introduction" - Tilghman campaign video, released December 27, 2017

Timeline

The timeline below lists the noteworthy events that occurred in this primary election.

  • March 6, 2018: Primary Election Day, Veronica Escobar wins outright and advances to primary
  • February 23, 2018: Absentee ballot application deadline
  • February 5, 2018: Voter registration deadline
  • December 11, 2017: Candidate filing deadline passes, seven candidates file to run
  • August 26, 2017: O'Rourke endorses Escobar in the race to replace him
  • March 31, 2017: Rep. Beto O'Rourke (D) announces he is running for the U.S. Senate instead of seeking a fourth term

Race ratings

See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Race ratings: Texas' 16th Congressional District election, 2018
Race tracker Race ratings
October 30, 2018 October 23, 2018October 16, 2018October 9, 2018
The Cook Political Report Solid Democratic Solid DemocraticSolid DemocraticSolid Democratic
Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales Solid Democratic Solid DemocraticSolid DemocraticSolid Democratic
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball Safe Democratic Safe DemocraticSafe DemocraticSafe Democratic
Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every two weeks throughout the election season.

Campaign finance

The table below contains data from the Federal Election Commission through February 14, 2018.[25]

Early voting in Texas primaries, 2018

Click here to learn about historic early voting turnout for both parties in Texas in 2014 and 2018.

District election history

2016

See also: Texas' 16th Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Democratic. Incumbent Beto O'Rourke (D) defeated Jaime Perez (L) and Mary Gourdoux (G) in the general election on November 8, 2016. O'Rourke defeated Ben Mendoza in the Democratic primary on March 1, 2016. No Republicans filed to run in the race.[26][27]

U.S. House, Texas District 16 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngBeto O'Rourke Incumbent 85.7% 150,228
     Libertarian Jaime Perez 10% 17,491
     Green Mary Gourdoux 4.3% 7,510
Total Votes 175,229
Source: Texas Secretary of State


U.S. House, Texas District 16 Democratic Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngBeto O'Rourke Incumbent 85.6% 40,051
Ben Mendoza 14.4% 6,749
Total Votes 46,800
Source: Texas Secretary of State

2014

See also: Texas' 16th Congressional District elections, 2014

The 16th Congressional District of Texas held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Beto O'Rourke (D) defeated Corey Roen (R) and Jaime Perez (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, Texas District 16 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngBeto O'Rourke Incumbent 67.5% 49,338
     Republican Corey Roen 29.2% 21,324
     Libertarian Jaime Perez 3.3% 2,443
Total Votes 73,105
Source: Texas Secretary of State

District analysis

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores

The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was D+17, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were 17 percentage points more Democratic than the national average. This made Texas' 16th Congressional District the 80th most Democratic nationally.[28]

FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 1.07. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.07 points toward that party.[29]

State overview

Partisan control

This section details the partisan control of federal and state positions in Texas heading into the 2018 elections.

Congressional delegation

State executives

State legislature

  • Republicans controlled both chambers of the Texas State Legislature. They had a 93-55 majority in the state House and a 21-10 majority in the state Senate.

Trifecta status

  • Texas was a Republican trifecta, meaning that the Republican Party held the governorship, a majority in the state Senate, and a majority in the state House.

2018 elections

See also: Texas elections, 2018

Texas held elections for the following positions in 2018:

Demographics

Demographic data for Texas
 TexasU.S.
Total population:27,429,639316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):261,2323,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:74.9%73.6%
Black/African American:11.9%12.6%
Asian:4.2%5.1%
Native American:0.5%0.8%
Pacific Islander:0.1%0.2%
Two or more:2.5%3%
Hispanic/Latino:38.4%17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:81.9%86.7%
College graduation rate:27.6%29.8%
Income
Median household income:$53,207$53,889
Persons below poverty level:19.9%11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Texas.
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.

As of July 2016, Texas had a population of approximately 27,862,596 people, and its three largest cities were Houston (pop. est. 2.3 million), San Antonio (pop. est. 1.5 million), and Dallas (pop. est. 1.3 million).[30][31]

State election history

This section provides an overview of federal and state elections in Texas from 2000 to 2016.

Historical elections

Presidential elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of the presidential election in Texas every year from 2000 to 2016.

Election results (President of the United States), Texas 2000-2016[32][33]
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2016 Republican Party Donald Trump 52.23% Democratic Party Hillary Clinton 43.24% 8.99%
2012 Republican Party Mitt Romney 57.17% Democratic Party Barack Obama 41.38% 15.79%
2008 Republican Party John McCain 55.45% Democratic Party Barack Obama 43.68% 11.77%
2004 Republican Party George W. Bush 61.09% Democratic Party John Kerry 38.22% 22.87%
2000 Republican Party George W. Bush 59.30% Democratic Party Al Gore 37.98% 21.32%

U.S. Senate elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of U.S. Senate races in Texas from 2000 to 2016. Every state has two Senate seats, and each seat goes up for election every six years. The terms of the seats are staggered so that roughly one-third of the seats are up every two years.

Election results (U.S. Senator), Texas 2000-2016[34]
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2014[35] Republican Party John Cornyn 61.56% Democratic Party David Alameel 34.36% 27.20%
2012[36] Republican Party Ted Cruz 56.46% Democratic Party Paul Sadler 40.62% 15.84%
2008[37] Republican Party John Cornyn 54.82% Democratic Party Richard Noriega 42.84% 11.98%
2006[38] Republican Party Kay Bailey Hutchison 61.69% Democratic Party Barbara Ann Radnofsky 36.04% 25.65%
2002[39] Republican Party John Cornyn 55.30% Democratic Party Ron Kirk 43.33% 11.97%
2000[40] Republican Party Kay Bailey Hutchison 65.04% Democratic Party Gene Kelly 32.35% 32.69%

Gubernatorial elections, 2000-2014

This chart shows the results of the four gubernatorial elections held between 2000 and 2014. Gubernatorial elections are held every four years in Texas.

Election results (Governor), Texas 2000-2016[41]
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2014 Republican Party Greg Abbott 59.27% Democratic Party Wendy Davis 38.90% 20.37%
2010 Republican Party Rick Perry 54.97% Democratic Party Bill White 42.30% 12.67%
2006 Republican Party Rick Perry 39.03% Democratic Party Chris Bell 29.79% 9.24%
2002 Republican Party Rick Perry 57.81% Democratic Party Tony Sanchez 39.96% 17.85%

Congressional delegation, 2000-2016

This chart shows the number of Democrats and Republicans who were elected to represent Texas in the U.S. House from 2000 to 2016. Elections for U.S. House seats are held every two years.

Congressional delegation, Texas 2000-2016
Year Republicans Republicans (%) Democrats Democrats (%) Balance of power
2016 Republican Party 25 69.4% Democratic Party 11 30.6% R+14
2014 Republican Party 25 69.4% Democratic Party 11 30.6% R+14
2012 Republican Party 24 66.7% Democratic Party 12 33.3% R+12
2010 Republican Party 23 71.9% Democratic Party 9 28.1% R+14
2008 Republican Party 20 62.5% Democratic Party 12 37.5% R+8
2006 Republican Party 19 59.4% Democratic Party 13 40.6% R+6
2004 Republican Party 21 65.6% Democratic Party 11 34.4% R+10
2002 Republican Party 15 46.9% Democratic Party 17 53.1% D+2
2000 Republican Party 13 43.3% Democratic Party 17 56.7% D+4

Trifectas, 1992-2017

A state government trifecta occurs when one party controls both chambers of the state legislature and the governor's office.

Texas Party Control: 1992-2025
Three years of Democratic trifectas  •  Twenty-three years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Governor D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
Senate D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
House D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R


See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ YouTube, "Beto O'Rourke Endorsement," August 26, 2017
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Veronica Escobar, Democrat for Congress, "Endorsements," accessed December 14, 2017
  3. ↑ El Paso Times, "O'Rourke will challenge Cruz for Senate in 2018," March 31, 2017
  4. ↑ Huffington Post, "Meet The Woman Who Could Be Texas’ First Latina In Congress," September 8, 2017
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 El Paso Times, "Fenenbock officially announces bid for Congress," September 9, 2017
  6. ↑ Dori Fenenbock, Democrat for Congress, "About Dori," accessed December 14, 2017
  7. ↑ El Paso Times, "Democrat Fenenbock gets boost from Republican donors," July 17, 2017
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 El Paso Times, "El Paso, Texas police associations endorse Fenenbock for Congress," September 27, 2017
  9. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "CARRILLO, JOHN RENE," accessed October 4, 2017
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Texas Secretary of State, "2018 March Primary Election Candidate Filings by County," accessed December 12, 2017
  11. ↑ El Paso Times, "Veronica Escobar announces run for Congress, resigns as county judge," August 25, 2017
  12. ↑ Facebook, "Dori Fenenbock for Congress," accessed August 29, 2017
  13. ↑ Enrique Garcia for Congress, "Home," accessed October 4, 2017
  14. ↑ Nicole LeClaire for Congress, "Home," accessed April 20, 2017
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Veronica Escobar, Democrat for Congress, "My Platform," accessed December 15, 2017
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Dori Fenenbock, Democrat for Congress, "Issues," accessed December 15, 2017
  17. ↑ NARAL Pro-Choice America, "Candidates Earn Endorsement from Nation’s Leading Pro-Choice Advocacy Group," February 28, 2018
  18. ↑ {https://www.theprospectordaily.com/2018/01/20/our-revolution-endorses-veronica-escobar-for-congressional-seat/ The Prospector, "Our Revolution endorses Veronica Escobar for congressional seat," January 20, 2018]
  19. ↑ El Paso Times, "Congressional candidate Veronica Escobar files complaint against Keep El Paso Honest PAC," February 26, 2018
  20. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named gun
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named veroendorsements
  22. ↑ York Daily Record, "Howard Dean-founded political group endorses Veronica Escobar bid for Congress," September 21, 2017
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 El Paso Times, "PAC urges Republicans to vote against Escobar in Democratic primary to force runoff," March 3, 2018
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 El Paso Times, "Congressional candidate Veronica Escobar files complaint against Keep El Paso Honest PAC," February 26, 2018
  25. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Candidates for House of Representatives," accessed February 13, 2018
  26. ↑ Texas Secretary of State, "2016 March Primary Election Candidate Filings by County," accessed December 15, 2015
  27. ↑ The New York Times, "Texas Primary Results," March 1, 2016
  28. ↑ Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
  29. ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
  30. ↑ United States Census Bureau, "QuickFacts Texas," accessed December 12, 2017
  31. ↑ United States Census Bureau, "QuickFacts Houston; San Antonio; Dallas," accessed December 13, 2017
  32. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2012 Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives," accessed December 13, 2017
  33. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Official 2016 Presidential General Election Results," January 30, 2017
  34. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Federal Elections 2014: Election Results for the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives," accessed December 13, 2017
  35. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2014 Official Election Results for United States Senate," accessed December 13, 2017
  36. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2012 Official Election Results for United States Senate," accessed December 13, 2017
  37. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2008 Official Election Results for United States Senate," accessed December 13, 2017
  38. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2006 Official Election Results for United States Senate," accessed December 13, 2017
  39. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2002 Official Election Results for United States Senate," accessed December 13, 2017
  40. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2000 Official Election Results for United States Senate," accessed December 13, 2017
  41. ↑ Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections, "Texas Election Results," accessed December 13, 2017


Texas' current delegation to the United States Congress
Senators
John Cornyn (R)
Ted Cruz (R)
Representatives
District 1
District 2
District 3
District 4
District 5
District 6
District 7
District 8
District 9
Al Green (D)
District 10
District 11
District 12
District 13
District 14
District 15
District 16
District 17
District 18
Vacant
District 19
District 20
District 21
Chip Roy (R)
District 22
District 23
District 24
District 25
District 26
District 27
District 28
District 29
District 30
District 31
District 32
District 33
District 34
District 35
District 36
District 37
District 38
Republican Party (27)
Democratic Party (12)
Vacancies (1)


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