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Vermont State Senate elections, 2024

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2026
2022
2024 Vermont
Senate Elections
Flag of Vermont.png
PrimaryAugust 13, 2024
GeneralNovember 5, 2024
Past Election Results
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Elections for the Vermont State Senate took place in 2024. The general election was on November 5, 2024. The primary was August 13, 2024. The filing deadline was May 30, 2024.

Following the election, Democrats lost a Senate veto-proof majority but maintained a 16-13-1 majority. The state remained a divided government, with a Republican controlling the governorship and Democrats holding majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. When combined with Democratic losses in the Vermont House of Representatives, Democrats lost more seats in the Vermont state legislature than any other legislature in the country in 2024.[1]

All 30 seats were up for election. Democrats held 21 seats, and Republicans held seven.

Before the election, Vermont was one of 29 states where one party had a large enough majority in both legislative chambers to override gubernatorial vetoes without needing support from members of the other party. Democrats lost their veto-proof majority because they fell below the required 20 Senate seats.

This election also determined Vermont's trifecta status. Before the election, Vermont was one of 10 states without a state government trifecta because the governor was a Republican and Democrats had majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. Because Republicans held the governorship and Democrats held their majorities in both legislative chambers, Vermont maintained its divided government. Click here for more on potential changes to trifecta status in the 2024 elections.

Since his election in 2016, Gov. Phil Scott (R) had, as of the 2024 elections, vetoed 52 bills, more than any other governor in state history, according to Seven Days.[2] The majority-Democratic legislature had overridden six vetoes in 2024, surpassing the previous record of five vetoes set in 2023. The legislature's 2024 overrides included vetoes of bills requiring state utilities to provide energy from renewable sources only by 2035, prohibiting the sale of seeds treated with certain pesticides, and increasing property taxes.[3]

Scott actively campaigned with Republican challengers in person and asked voters through television and radio ads to “elect more common-sense legislators who will work with me to make Vermont more affordable.” Jason Maulucci, Scott's policy director, told The New York Times that the governor's "endorsements of lesser-known Republicans provided a 'permission slip' for Trump-averse Democrats and independents inclined to vote for change, but wary of electing MAGA candidates."[1]

Ballotpedia identified four districts with a combined seven seats as battleground districts. Democrats and Republicans held three seats each in the battleground districts. The seventh seat was vacant at the time of the election. Three of the four battleground districts had at least one incumbent who did not run for re-election. Before the election, CNalysis rated four of the seats in battleground districts as favoring Democrats and three as favoring Republicans.[4] Click here for more on the battleground districts.

The Vermont State Senate was one of 85 state legislative chambers with elections in 2024. There are 99 chambers throughout the country.

Voting information

See also: Voting in Vermont

Election information in Vermont: Nov. 5, 2024, election.

What was the voter registration deadline?

  • In-person: Nov. 5, 2024
  • By mail: Received by Nov. 5, 2024
  • Online: Nov. 5, 2024

Was absentee/mail-in voting available to all voters?

Yes

What was the absentee/mail-in ballot request deadline?

  • In-person: N/A
  • By mail: N/A by N/A
  • Online: N/A

What was the absentee/mail-in ballot return deadline?

  • In-person: Nov. 5, 2024
  • By mail: Received by Nov. 4, 2024

Was early voting available to all voters?

Yes

What were the early voting start and end dates?

Sep. 21, 2024 to Nov. 4, 2024

Were all voters required to present ID at the polls? If so, was a photo or non-photo ID required?

N/A

When were polls open on Election Day?

10:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m. (EST)


Battleground elections

Ballotpedia identified four of the 16 Vermont Senate districts as battleground districts, based on the results of the 2022 legislative and 2020 presidential elections and on fundraising figures as of October 23, 2024. Click on the tabs below to view summaries of each battleground district.

The table below lists each battleground district's incumbent(s), the 2020 presidential margin within the district as calculated by CNalysis, CNalysis' rating of the general election in each district, and an overview of the factors Ballotpedia considered when evaluating potential battlegrounds.


Vermont State Senate battleground districts, 2024
District Incumbent 2020 presidential margin of victory CNalysis rating Open seat? Competitive 2022? Competitive 2020? Competitive fundraising?
Bennington District (2 seats) Democratic Party Brian Campion
Vacant
D+28.3 Solid Democratic
Very Likely Democratic
Green check mark transparent.png -- -- Green check mark transparent.png
Caledonia District Democratic Party Jane Kitchel D+18.8 Lean Democratic Green check mark transparent.png Green check mark transparent.png -- Green check mark transparent.png
Orleans District Democratic Party Robert Starr D+7.9 Tilt Democratic Green check mark transparent.png Green check mark transparent.png Green check mark transparent.png Green check mark transparent.png
Rutland District Republican Party Brian Collamore
Republican Party David Weeks
Republican Party Terry Williams
D+10.3 Solid Republican
Lean Republican
Tilt Republican
-- Green check mark transparent.png -- Green check mark transparent.png

Candidates and election results

General election

General election for Vermont State Senate Bennington District (2 seats)

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Seth Bongartz
Seth Bongartz (D)
 
27.3
 
10,053
Image of Robert Plunkett
Robert Plunkett (D)
 
24.9
 
9,160
Joe Gervais (R)
 
23.5
 
8,647
Lawrence Whitmire (Independent)
 
9.6
 
3,539
Image of Cynthia Browning
Cynthia Browning (Independent)
 
7.8
 
2,867
Image of Steve Berry
Steve Berry (Independent)
 
6.7
 
2,459
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.2
 
60

Total votes: 36,785
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates


Election information
Six candidates ran in the general election in this two-seat district: Democrats Seth Bongartz and Robert Plunkett, Republican Joe Gervais, and independents Steve Berry, Cynthia Browning, and Lawrence Whitmire. Incumbent Brian Campion (D), first elected in 2014, did not run for re-election, leaving one seat open. The other seat was vacant following the death of Richard Sears (D) on June 2, 2024.

Ballotpedia considered the following factors in identifying the Bennington District as a battleground:

  • Open seat: Bennington was one of four districts where one or more incumbents did not file for re-election, leaving at least one seat open.
  • Competitive fundraising: As of October 23, 2024, no one party had raised more than two-thirds of the overall funds raised in the district. Bongartz had raised $22,128.25 (31.67% of the overall funds raised) and Plunkett had raised $11,718 (16.77%), giving Democrats a 48.45% share of overall fundraising. Gervais had raised $25,285 (36.19%). Whitmire had raised $8,730 (12.5%), Browning had raised $2,000 (2.86%), and Berry had raised $0, giving independents a 15.36% share of overall fundraising.

District information

  • As of October 23, 2024, CNalysis rated the general election in the Bennington District Solid Democratic for one seat and Very Likely Democratic for the other.[4]
  • CNalysis calculated that Joe Biden (D) won the 2020 presidential vote within the 2024 boundaries of the Bennington District by a margin of 28.3 percentage points.[4]
  • In the 2022 general election, Sears received 51.7% of the vote and Campion received 48.1%. Sears filed as both a Democrat and a Republican that year.
  • Bongartz and Plunkett were unopposed in the Democratic primary. Gervais was unopposed in the Republican primary.

Candidates and election results

General election

General election for Vermont State Senate Caledonia District

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Scott Beck
Scott Beck (R)
 
58.2
 
7,245
Amanda Cochrane (D)
 
41.6
 
5,182
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.2
 
24

Total votes: 12,451
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Election information
Amanda Cochrane (D) and Scott Beck (R) ran in the general election. Incumbent Jane Kitchel (D), first elected in 2004, did not run for re-election, leaving the seat open.

Ballotpedia considered the following factors in identifying the Caledonia District as a battleground:

  • Open seat: Caledonia was one of four districts where one or more incumbents did not file for re-election, leaving at least one seat open.
  • Competitive 2022 legislative result: No one candidate received more than two-thirds of the vote in the 2022 general election. Kitchel received 63.4% of the vote and JT Dodge (R) received 36.4%.
  • Competitive fundraising: As of October 23, 2024, no one candidate had raised more than two-thirds of the overall funds raised in the district. Beck had raised $63,607 (65.12% of the overall district total) and Cochrane had raised $34,074 (34.88%).

District information

  • As of October 23, 2024, CNalysis rated the general election in the Caledonia District as Lean Democratic.[4]
  • CNalysis calculated that Joe Biden (D) won the 2020 presidential vote in the 2024 boundaries of the Caledonia District by a margin of 18.8 percentage points.[4]
  • Cochrane defeated Shawn Hallisey (D) in the Democratic primary with 87.8% of the vote to Hallisey's 9.6%.
  • Beck defeated Dodge in the Republican primary with 82.5% of the vote to Dodge's 16.8%.

Candidates and election results

General election

General election for Vermont State Senate Orleans District

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Samuel Douglass
Samuel Douglass (R) Candidate Connection
 
59.2
 
7,168
Image of Katherine Sims
Katherine Sims (D)
 
40.4
 
4,894
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.4
 
51

Total votes: 12,113
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Election information
Katherine Sims (D) and Samuel Douglass (R) ran in the general election. Incumbent Robert Starr (D), first elected in 2004, did not run for re-election, leaving the seat open.

Ballotpedia considered the following factors in identifying the Orleans District as a battleground:

  • Open seat: Orleans was one of four districts where one or more incumbents did not file for re-election, leaving at least one seat open.
  • Competitive 2022 legislative result: No one candidate received more than two-thirds of the vote in the 2022 general election. Starr received 58.1% and Douglass received 41.7%.
  • Competitive 2020 presidential result: CNalysis calculated that the results of the 2020 presidential election within the 2024 boundaries of the Orleans District were within 10 percentage points. Joe Biden (D) won the district vote by a margin of 7.9 percentage points.[4]
  • Competitive fundraising: As of October 23, 2024, no one candidate had raised more than two-thirds of the overall funds raised in the district. Sims had raised $67,674 (62.97% of the overall funds raised) and Douglass had raised $39,801 (37.03%).

District information

  • As of October 23, 2024, CNalysis rated the general election in the Orleans District as Tilt Democratic.[4]
  • Both Starr and Douglass were unopposed in the primaries.

Candidates and election results

General election

General election for Vermont State Senate Rutland District (3 seats)

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Brian Collamore
Brian Collamore (R)
 
22.5
 
18,375
Image of David Weeks
David Weeks (R)
 
19.7
 
16,094
Image of Terry Williams
Terry Williams (R)
 
19.6
 
15,996
Marsha Cassel (D)
 
14.8
 
12,034
Dana Peterson (D)
 
11.9
 
9,697
Robert Richards (D)
 
11.3
 
9,228
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.2
 
126

Total votes: 81,550
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Election information
Incumbents Brian Collamore (R), David Weeks (R), and Terry Williams faced challengers Marsha Cassel (D), Dana Peterson (D), and Robert Richards (D). Collamore was first elected in 2014 and Weeks and Williams were first elected in 2022.

Ballotpedia considered the following factors in identifying the Rutland District as a battleground:

  • Competitive 2022 legislative result: No one party received more than two-thirds of the vote in the 2022 general election. The three Republicans received a combined 54.5% and the three Democrats received a combined 45.3%.
  • Competitive fundraising: As of October 23, 2024, no one party had raised more than two-thirds of the overall funds raised in the district. Weeks had raised $7,150 (20.57% of the district-wide total), Collamore had raised $5,770 (16.60%), and Williams had raised $5,520 (15.88%), giving Republicans an overall 53.05% share of fundraising. Cassel had raised $16,319 (46.95%) and Peterson and Richards had each raised $0.

District information

  • As of October 23, 2024, CNalysis rated the general election in the Rutland District as Solid Republican for one seat, Lean Republican for the second seat, and Tilt Republican for the third seat.[4]
  • CNalysis calculated that Joe Biden (D) won the 2020 presidential vote within the 2024 boundaries of the Rutland District by a margin of 10.3 percentage points.[4]
  • In the 2022 general election, Collamore received 21.0% of the vote, followed by Williams with 17.3%, Weeks with 16.2%, Anna Tadio (D) with 15.8%, Bridgette Remington (D) with 15.3%, and Joshua Ferguson (D) with 14.2%.
  • Cassel and Richards were unopposed in the Democratic primary. Collamore, Williams, and Weeks were unopposed in the Republican primary.

Candidates

General election

Vermont State Senate general election 2024

  • Incumbents are marked with an (i) after their name.
  • Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
Office Democratic Party Democratic Republican Party Republican Other
Addison District  (2 seats)

Christopher Bray (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngRuth Hardy (i)

Landel Cochran
Green check mark transparent.pngSteven Heffernan

Bennington District  (2 seats)

Green check mark transparent.pngSeth Bongartz
Green check mark transparent.pngRobert Plunkett

Joe Gervais

Did not make the ballot:
Bruce Busa 

Steve Berry (Independent)
Cynthia Browning (Independent)
Lawrence Whitmire (Independent)

Caledonia District

Amanda Cochrane

Green check mark transparent.pngScott Beck

Chittenden Central District  (3 seats)

Green check mark transparent.pngMartine Gulick (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngPhilip Baruth (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngTanya Vyhovsky (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngPhilip Baruth (i) (Democratic Party, Vermont Progressive Party)
Green check mark transparent.pngTanya Vyhovsky (i) (Vermont Progressive Party, Democratic Party)

Chittenden North District

Irene Wrenner (i)  Candidate Connection

Green check mark transparent.pngChris Mattos

Chittenden Southeast District  (3 seats)

Green check mark transparent.pngThomas Chittenden (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngVirginia Lyons (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngKesha Ram Hinsdale (i)

Bruce Roy
Rohan St. Marthe

Taylor Craven (Independent)

Essex District

Green check mark transparent.pngRuss Ingalls (i)

Franklin District  (2 seats)

Green check mark transparent.pngRandy Brock (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngRobert Norris (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngRandy Brock (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngRobert Norris (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngRandy Brock (i) (Republican Party, Democratic Party)
Green check mark transparent.pngRobert Norris (i) (Republican Party, Democratic Party)

Grand Isle District

Andrew Julow (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngPatrick Brennan

Lamoille District

Green check mark transparent.pngRichard Westman (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngRichard Westman (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngRichard Westman (i) (Republican Party, Democratic Party)
Maureen Heck (Independent)

Orange District

Mark MacDonald (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngLarry Hart Sr.

Orleans District

Katherine Sims

Green check mark transparent.pngSamuel Douglass  Candidate Connection

Rutland District  (3 seats)

Marsha Cassel
Dana Peterson
Robert Richards

Green check mark transparent.pngBrian Collamore (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngDavid Weeks (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngTerry Williams (i)

Washington District  (3 seats)

Green check mark transparent.pngAnn Cummings (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngAndrew Perchlik (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngAnne Watson (i)

Michael Deering II
Mike Doyle
Donald Koch  Candidate Connection

Did not make the ballot:
Rob Roper 

Green check mark transparent.pngAndrew Perchlik (i) (Democratic Party, Vermont Progressive Party)
Green check mark transparent.pngAnne Watson (i) (Democratic Party, Vermont Progressive Party)

Windham District  (2 seats)

Green check mark transparent.pngWendy Harrison (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngNader Hashim (i)

Dale Gassett
Richard Morton

Ken Fay (Independent)  Candidate Connection

Windsor District  (3 seats)

Green check mark transparent.pngAlison Clarkson (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngRebecca White (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngJoe Major

Jonathan Gleason
Andrea Murray  Candidate Connection
Jack Williams  Candidate Connection

Marc Nemeth (Independent)

Primary

Vermont State Senate primary 2024

  • Incumbents are marked with an (i) after their name.
  • Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
Office Democratic Party Democratic Republican Party Republican Other
Addison District  (2 seats)

Green check mark transparent.pngChristopher Bray (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngRuth Hardy (i)
Caleb Elder

Lesley Bienvenue
Green check mark transparent.pngLandel Cochran
Green check mark transparent.pngSteven Heffernan

Bennington District  (2 seats)

Richard Sears (i)  (unofficially withdrew)
Green check mark transparent.pngSeth Bongartz
Green check mark transparent.pngRobert Plunkett (Write-in)

Green check mark transparent.pngJoe Gervais
Green check mark transparent.pngBruce Busa (Write-in)

Caledonia District

Green check mark transparent.pngAmanda Cochrane
Shawn Hallisey

Did not make the ballot:
Jane Kitchel (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngScott Beck
JT Dodge

Chittenden Central District  (3 seats)

Green check mark transparent.pngPhilip Baruth (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngMartine Gulick (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngTanya Vyhovsky (i)
Stewart Ledbetter

No candidates filed for the Republican primary


Chittenden North District

Green check mark transparent.pngIrene Wrenner (i)  Candidate Connection

Green check mark transparent.pngChris Mattos

Chittenden Southeast District  (3 seats)

Green check mark transparent.pngThomas Chittenden (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngVirginia Lyons (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngKesha Ram Hinsdale (i)
Louis Meyers

Green check mark transparent.pngBruce Roy

Essex District

No candidates filed for the Democratic primary


Green check mark transparent.pngRuss Ingalls (i)

Franklin District  (2 seats)

Green check mark transparent.pngRandy Brock (i) (Write-in)
Green check mark transparent.pngRobert Norris (i) (Write-in)

Green check mark transparent.pngRandy Brock (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngRobert Norris (i)

Grand Isle District

Green check mark transparent.pngAndrew Julow (i)
Julie Hulburd

Green check mark transparent.pngPatrick Brennan

Lamoille District

Green check mark transparent.pngRichard Westman (i) (Write-in)

Green check mark transparent.pngRichard Westman (i)

Orange District

Green check mark transparent.pngMark MacDonald (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngLarry Hart Sr.

Orleans District

Green check mark transparent.pngKatherine Sims

Aime Conrad Bellavance
Green check mark transparent.pngSamuel Douglass  Candidate Connection

Rutland District  (3 seats)

Green check mark transparent.pngMarsha Cassel
Green check mark transparent.pngRobert Richards
Green check mark transparent.pngDana Peterson (Write-in)

Green check mark transparent.pngBrian Collamore (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngDavid Weeks (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngTerry Williams (i)

Washington District  (3 seats)

Green check mark transparent.pngAnn Cummings (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngAndrew Perchlik (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngAnne Watson (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngDonald Koch  Candidate Connection
Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Deering II (Write-in)
Green check mark transparent.pngRob Roper (Write-in)

Windham District  (2 seats)

Green check mark transparent.pngWendy Harrison (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngNader Hashim (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngDale Gassett
Green check mark transparent.pngRichard Morton

Windsor District  (3 seats)

Green check mark transparent.pngAlison Clarkson (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngRebecca White (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngJoe Major
Marc Nemeth
Justin Tuthill

Green check mark transparent.pngJonathan Gleason
Green check mark transparent.pngAndrea Murray  Candidate Connection
Robert Ruhlin
Green check mark transparent.pngJack Williams  Candidate Connection

Party control

See also: Partisan composition of state senates and State government trifectas
Vermont State Senate
Party As of November 5, 2024 After November 6, 2024
     Democratic Party 21 16
     Republican Party 7 13
     Vermont Progressive Party 1 1
     Vacancy 1 0
Total 30 30

General election race ratings

The table below displays race ratings for each race in this chamber from CNalysis.

Incumbents who were not re-elected

See also: Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 14, 2024

Incumbents defeated in general elections

See also: Incumbents defeated in state legislative elections, 2024

Four incumbents lost in general elections. An average of 0.6 incumbents lost in even year general elections from 2010-2022.

Name Party Office
Christopher Bray Electiondot.png Democratic Addison
Irene Wrenner Electiondot.png Democratic Chittenden North
Andrew Julow Electiondot.png Democratic Grand Isle
Mark MacDonald Electiondot.png Democratic Orange

Incumbents defeated in primaries

See also: Incumbents defeated in state legislative elections, 2024

One incumbent lost in the primaries. The average number of incumbents who lost in primaries from 2010-2022 was 0.3.

Name Party Office
Richard Sears Electiondot.png Democratic Bennington

Retiring incumbents

Four incumbents did not file for re-election in 2024.[5] The average number of retirements from 2010 to 2022 was 5. Those incumbents were:

Name Party Office
Brian Campion Electiondot.png Democratic Bennington
Jane Kitchel Electiondot.png Democratic Caledonia
Richard McCormack Electiondot.png Democratic Windsor
Robert Starr Electiondot.png Democratic Orleans

Primary election competitiveness

See also: Primary election competitiveness in state and federal government, 2024

This section contains data on state legislative primary election competitiveness in Vermont. These totals include data from all regularly-scheduled House and Senate elections. For more information about Ballotpedia's competitiveness analysis of state legislative elections, please click here.

Post-filing deadline analysis

The following analysis covers all state legislative districts up for election in Vermont in 2024. Information below was calculated on June 25, 2024, and may differ from information shown in the table above due to candidate replacements and withdrawals after that time.


Vermont had 25 contested state legislative primaries on August 13. In elections from 2010 to 2022, the average number of contested state legislative primaries was 18.1.

There were 17 contested Democratic primaries and eight contested Republican primaries in 2024. 

That was the largest number of contested Republican primaries since Ballotpedia started tracking in 2010. The average number of contested Republican primaries from 2010 to 2022 was five and the average number of Democratic contested primaries from 2010 to 2022 was 13.1. 

All 180 seats were up for election in 2024, and 269 candidates—including 164 Democrats and 105 Republicans—ran in the primaries. The average number of candidates in primary elections from 2010 to 2022 was 273.7.

There were 137 major party incumbents running for re-election in the primaries. Twenty incumbents, or about 14.3%, faced primary challengers.

Forty incumbents did not run for re-election in 2024. In elections from 2010 to 2022, the average number of retirements was 29.0.

Vermont has had a divided state government since 2017 with Democrats controlling both chambers of the state legislature and a Republican governor. 

Since 1992 the state has had 10 years of Democratic trifectas and no Republican trifectas.


Open seats

The table below shows the number and percentage of open seats in the Vermont State Senate from 2010 to 2024.[6] It will be updated as information becomes available following the state’s candidate filing deadline.

Open Seats in Vermont State Senate elections: 2010 - 2024
Year Total seats Open seats Seats with incumbents running for re-election
2024 30 4 (13%) 26 (87%)
2022 30 11 (37%) 19 (63%)
2020 30 3 (10%) 27 (90%)
2018 30 4 (13%) 26 (87%)
2016 30 3 (10%) 27 (90%)
2014 30 3 (10%) 27 (90%)
2012 30 6 (20%) 24 (80%)
2010 30 5 (17%) 25 (83%)

Reactions

The section below contains quotes from media and other sources with reactions to the general elections in Vermont, where Democrats lost more seats in the state legislature than in any legislature across the country.[1]

The New York Times' Jenna Russell wrote:[1]

To many rural voters, the state’s delicate balance of ideologies appeared to drift off kilter over the last few years, as legislative goals skewed further left and Mr. Scott found his authority limited by the Democrats’ supermajorities. Of the eight bills he vetoed between April and June — including a property tax increase that averaged 14 percent statewide, an expansion of the state’s restorative justice program and the creation of an “overdose prevention center” in Burlington — six were passed after legislators overrode his vetoes.

Many voters questioned why the Democrats, despite their unchecked power, could not come together to address the housing crisis, revamp school funding or curb tax increases, instead of undertaking efforts to ban vapes and force the board that sets rules for hunters to add members who don’t hunt.[7]

VT Digger's Neal Goswami wrote:[8]

Jim Dandeneau, executive director of the Vermont Democratic Party, said in an interview around 11:15 p.m. at the party’s election night gathering in South Burlington that the state GOP’s — and particularly Scott’s — messaging over property taxes proved to be more effective on the campaign trail than what he called Democrats’ ‘herculean work’ knocking on doors and engaging with voters on the ground.

Scott and the GOP, Dandeneau said, “overwhelmed people’s concerns about the future of our democracy with concerns about the future of their own pocketbooks.”

“We were fighting this fight one person at a time, one household at a time,” he added, holding several boxes of uneaten finger foods from the party’s hors d'oeuvres spread as workers began to break down the event space. “He was blanketing the airwaves with his messaging about cutting taxes. That ended up being not great for us.”[7]

Lachlan Francis, a pollster and consultant, told The New York Times:[1]

Voters have been telling us for years that they’re sick of rising costs, rising rents, rising property taxes and grocery bills, and they feel like they can’t get ahead. They have felt that way for a long time, as the Legislature followed an agenda that was perceived as inflationary, and there was a price to pay for that.[7]

Legislative referrals

See also: Legislative referral

A legislative referral, or legislatively referred ballot measure, is a ballot measure that appears on the ballot due to a vote of the state legislature. A legislative referral can be a constitutional amendment, state statute, or bond issue.

As of the 2024 election, a two-thirds (66.67%) vote was required in the Vermont State Senate and a simple majority vote was required in the Vermont House of Representatives in the first legislative session. A simple majority vote was required in both chambers in the second legislative session to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounted to a minimum of 20 votes in the Vermont State Senate and 76 votes in the Vermont House of Representatives in the first session and 16 votes in the state senate and 76 votes in the state house in the second session, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.

At the time of the 2024 election, Democrats held a 21-7-1 majority in the Senate and a 107-37-6 majority in the House. Democrats needed to lose two Senate seats and 32 House seats to be no longer able to pass legislative referrals without Republican votes. Republicans needed to win 13 Senate seats and 39 House seats to have the same ability.

Process to become a candidate

See also: Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Vermont

DocumentIcon.jpg See statutes: Title 17-49 of the Vermont Election Law

Major party candidates

A candidate seeking the nomination of a major political party in the primary must file a nominating petition and consent form with the appropriate filing officer in order to authorize the printing of his or her name on the primary ballot.[9][10]

A candidate must file the petition and consent form with the appropriate filing authority no later than 5:00 p.m. on the fourth Thursday after the first Monday in May preceding the primary election. A candidate may only run for one party in the primary election, and only major party candidates may run in a primary.[11][12]

Petition signature requirements are detailed in the table below.[13]

Statutory signature requirements for major party candidates
Office Required signatures
Statewide and federal office 500
State senator 100
State representative 50

Minor party candidates

A candidate seeking the nomination of a minor political party in the general election is nominated by party committee. The candidate must file a candidate consent form and party committee nomination form with the Vermont Secretary of State. The party committee must also complete the party committee nomination form.[14]

Both the candidate consent form and the party committee nomination form must be filed no later than 5:00 p.m. on the fourth Thursday after the first Monday in May preceding the primary election.[11][14]

Independent candidates

An independent candidates in the general election must file a statement of nomination form and candidate consent form with the Vermont Secretary of State in order to authorize the printing of his or her name on the general election ballot.[15]

Petition signature requirements are detailed in the table below.[16]

Statutory signature requirements for independent candidates
Office Required signatures
Statewide and federal office 500
State senator 100
State representative 50

Write-in candidates

A write-in candidate is not required to submit any forms with any filing authority. The ballot will allow as many blank lines for write-in candidates as there are persons to be elected.[17]

Qualifications

See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

The Vermont Constitution states, "No person shall be elected a Representative or a Senator until the person has resided in this State two years, the last year of which shall be in the legislative district for which the person is elected."[18]

Salaries and per diem

See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
State legislative salaries, 2024[19]
SalaryPer diem
$843.32/week during sessionNo per diem paid during session. Members can receive $168.66/day in per diem outside of session.

When sworn in

See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

Vermont legislators assume office the first Wednesday after the first Monday in January after the election.[20]

Vermont political history

Trifectas

A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government.

Vermont Party Control: 1992-2024
Ten years of Democratic trifectas  •  No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Governor D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R D D D D D D R R R R R R R R
Senate D R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
House R D D D D D D D D R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

Presidential politics in Vermont

2020

See also: Presidential election, 2020


Presidential election in Vermont, 2020
 
Candidate/Running mate
%
Popular votes
Electoral votes
Image of
Image of
Joe Biden/Kamala D. Harris (D)
 
65.5
 
242,820 3
Image of
Image of
Donald Trump/Mike Pence (R)
 
30.4
 
112,704 0
Image of
Image of
Jo Jorgensen/Spike Cohen (L)
 
1.0
 
3,608 0
Image of
Image of
Howie Hawkins/Angela Nicole Walker (G)
 
0.4
 
1,310 0
Image of
Image of
Ye/Michelle Tidball (Independent)
 
0.3
 
1,269 0
Image of
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
H. Brooke Paige/Thomas Witman (Grumpy Old Patriots)
 
0.3
 
1,175 0
Image of
Image of
Christopher Lafontaine/Michael Speed (Independent)
 
0.2
 
856 0
Image of
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Richard Duncan/Mitch Bupp (Independent)
 
0.1
 
213 0
Image of
Image of
Brian T. Carroll/Amar Patel (American Solidarity Party)
 
0.1
 
209 0
Image of
Image of
Don Blankenship/William Mohr (Constitution Party)
 
0.1
 
208 0
Image of
Image of
Alyson Kennedy/Malcolm Jarrett (Socialist Workers Party)
 
0.1
 
195 0
Image of
Image of
Gloria La Riva/Sunil Freeman (Liberty Union Party)
 
0.0
 
166 0
Image of
Image of
Gary Swing/David Olszta (Boiling Frog)
 
0.0
 
141 0
Image of
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Phil Collins/Billy Joe Parker (Prohibition Party)
 
0.0
 
137 0
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Keith McCormic/Sam Blasiak (Bull Moose)
 
0.0
 
126 0
Image of
Image of
Brock Pierce/Karla Ballard (Unaffiliated)
 
0.0
 
100 0
Image of
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Jerry Segal/John de Graaf (Bread and Roses)
 
0.0
 
65 0
Image of
Image of
Blake Huber/Frank Atwood (Approval Voting Party)
 
0.0
 
54 0
Image of
Image of
Kyle Kenley Kopitke/Taja Iwanow (Independent)
 
0.0
 
53 0
Image of
Image of
Roque De La Fuente/Darcy Richardson (Alliance Party)
 
0.0
 
48 0
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Zachary Scalf/Matthew Lyda (Independent)
 
0.0
 
29 0
  Other write-in votes
 
1.5
 
5,482 0

Total votes: 370,968


2016

See also: Presidential election, 2016
U.S. presidential election, Vermont, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes Electoral votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngHillary Clinton/Tim Kaine 56.7% 178,573 3
     Republican Donald Trump/Mike Pence 30.3% 95,369 0
     Libertarian Gary Johnson/Bill Weld 3.2% 10,078 0
     Green Jill Stein/Ajamu Baraka 2.1% 6,758 0
     Independent Roque De La Fuente/Michael Steinberg 0.3% 1,063 0
     Liberty Union Gloria Estela La Riva/Eugene Puryear 0.1% 327 0
     - Write-in votes 7.3% 22,899 0
Total Votes 315,067 3
Election results via: Vermont Secretary of State


Vermont presidential election results (1900-2024)

  • 10 Democratic wins
  • 22 Republican wins
Year 1900 1904 1908 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024
Winning Party R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D R R R R R R D D D D D D D D D


2024 battleground elections

See also: Battlegrounds

This was a battleground election. Other 2024 battleground elections included:

See also

Vermont State Legislative Elections News and Analysis
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Vermont State Executive Offices
Vermont State Legislature
Vermont Courts
State legislative elections:
202520242023202220212020201920182017201620152014
Vermont elections:
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Primary elections in Vermont
Party control of state government
State government trifectas
Partisan composition of state legislatures
Partisan composition of state senates
Partisan composition of state houses

External links

Footnotes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 The New York Times, "Why Democrats Lost More Seats in Vermont Than Any Other State," December 14, 2024
  2. Seven Days, "Vermont Lawmakers Override Six of the Governor's Eight Vetoes," June 17, 2024
  3. Burlington Free Press, "Vermont Legislature makes history, overrides six vetoes," June 21, 2024
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 CNalysis, "24 VT Forecast - Upper," accessed October 26, 2024
  5. Ballotpedia defines an incumbent as retiring if the incumbent did not file for office or filed for office but withdrew, was disqualified, or otherwise left a race in a manner other than losing the primary, primary runoff, or convention. If an incumbent runs as a write-in candidate, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring. If an incumbent runs in the same chamber for a different seat, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring.
  6. Ballotpedia defines a seat as open if the incumbent did not file to run for re-election or filed but withdrew and did not appear on any ballot for his or her seat. If the incumbent withdrew from or did not participate in the primary but later chose to seek re-election to his or her seat as a third party or independent candidate, the seat would not be counted as open. If the incumbent retired or ran for a different seat in the same chamber, his or her original seat would be counted as open unless another incumbent from the same chamber filed to run for that seat, in which case it would not be counted as open due to the presence of an incumbent.
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  8. VT Digger, " Democrats lose supermajority — and a pair of committee chairs — in the Vermont House," November 5, 2024
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 Vermont Secretary of State, "Frequently Asked Questions," accessed March 28, 2025
  10. Vermont Election Law, "Title 17-49-2361," accessed March 28, 2025
  11. 11.0 11.1 Vermont Election Law, "Title 17-49-2356," accessed April 3, 2025
  12. Vermont Election Law, "Title 17-49-2353," accessed April 3, 2025
  13. Vermont Election Law, "Title 17-49-2355," accessed April 3, 2025
  14. 14.0 14.1 Vermont Elections Division, "For Minor Party Candidates," accessed April 3, 2025
  15. Vermont Elections Division, "Independent Candidates," accessed April 3, 2025
  16. Vermont Election Law, "Title 17-49-2402," accessed April 3, 2025
  17. Vermont Election Law, "Title 17-49-2362," accessed April 3, 2025
  18. usconstitution.net, "Vermont Constitution," accessed December 18, 2013(Referenced Section 15)
  19. National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
  20. Vermont Constitution, "Chapter II, Section 46," accessed February 4, 2021


Current members of the Vermont State Senate
Leadership
Majority Leader:Kesha Ram Hinsdale
Senators
Addison District
Bennington District
Caledonia District
Chittenden Central District
Chittenden North District
Chittenden Southeast District
Essex District
Franklin District
Grand Isle District
Lamoille District
Orange District
Orleans District
Rutland District
Washington District
Windham District
Windsor District
Joe Major (D)
Democratic Party (16)
Republican Party (13)
Vermont Progressive Party (1)